Sorafenib treatment during partial hepatectomy reduces tumorgenesis in an inflammation-associated liver cancer model.

Sorafenib treatment during partial hepatectomy reduces tumorgenesis in an inflammation-associated liver cancer model.

Oncotarget. 2015 Dec 17;

Authors: Zahavi T, Lanton T, Divon MS, Salmon A, Peretz T, Galun E, Axelrod JH, Sonnenblick A

Abstract
The long-term prognosis after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the treatment options for early-stage HCC, remains unsatisfactory as a result of a high incidence of disease recurrence. Recent studies performed in murine models revealed a link between liver regeneration under chronic inflammation and hepatic tumorigenesis. Sorafenib is a potent drug for advanced HCC with multikinase inhibition activity. We propose that inhibition of signal transduction pathways which are activated during hepatectomy, using Sorafenib, will reduce accelerated tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we studied the Mdr2-knockout (KO) mouse strain, a model of inflammation-associated cancer, which underwent partial hepatectomy (PHx) at three months of age, with or without Sorafenib.Here we show that Sorafenib treatment during PHx inhibited different signal transduction pathways at the multikinase levels, but did not result in increased morbidity or mortality. At the early stages after PHx, Sorafenib treatment had no effect on the course of proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair in the regenerating liver, but resulted in decreased stellate cells activation and inflammatory response. Finally, we show that Sorafenib treatment during PHx at three months of age resulted in decreased fibrosis and tumor formation at 8.5 months.In conclusion our study indicates that short-term Sorafenib treatment during PHx is safe and effective in inhibiting inflammation-associated cancer, and is therefore a potential strategy for recurrence prevention in patients with early-stage HCC treated with PHx.

PMID: 26695439 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A novel nuclear Src and p300 signaling axis controls migratory and invasive behavior in pancreatic cancer.

A novel nuclear Src and p300 signaling axis controls migratory and invasive behavior in pancreatic cancer.

Oncotarget. 2015 Dec 17;

Authors: Paladino D, Yue P, Furuya H, Acoba J, Rosser CJ, Turkson J

Abstract
The presence of Src in the nuclear compartment has been previously reported, although its significance has remained largely unknown. We sought to delineate the functions of the nuclear pool of Src within the context of malignant progression. Active Src is localized within the nuclei of human pancreatic cancer cells and mouse fibroblasts over-expressing c-Src where it is associated with p300. Nuclear Src additionally promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of p300 in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells. Src, together with p300, is associated with the high-mobility group AT-hook (HMGA)2 and SET and MYND domain-containing protein (SMYD)3 gene promoters and regulates their expression in a Src-dependent manner. These nuclear Src-dependent events correlate with anchorage-independent soft-agar growth and the migratory properties in both pancreatic Panc-1 cells and mouse fibroblasts over-expressing Src. Moreover, analyses of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor tissues detected the association of nuclear Src with the HMGA2 and SMYD3 gene promoters. Our findings for the first time show the critical importance of nuclear Src and p300 function in the migratory properties of pancreatic cancer cells. Further, data together identify a previously unknown role of nuclear Src in the regulation of gene expression in association with p300 within the context of cells harboring activated or over-expressing Src. This novel mechanism of nuclear Src-p300 axis in PDAC invasiveness and metastasis may provide an opportunity for developing more effective early clinical interventions for this lethal disease.PrecisActive Src is complexed with and phosphorylates p300 in the nucleus, and the complex is bound to HMGA2 and SMYD3 genes, thereby regulating their expression to promote pancreatic tumor cell migration and invasiveness.

PMID: 26695438 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of higher frequency on the classification of steady-state visual evoked potentials.

Effect of higher frequency on the classification of steady-state visual evoked potentials.

J Neural Eng. 2015 Dec 22;13(1):016014

Authors: Won DO, Hwang HJ, Dähne S, Müller KR, Lee SW

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Most existing brain-computer interface (BCI) designs based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) primarily use low frequency visual stimuli (e.g., <20 Hz) to elicit relatively high SSVEP amplitudes. While low frequency stimuli could evoke photosensitivity-based epileptic seizures, high frequency stimuli generally show less visual fatigue and no stimulus-related seizures. The fundamental objective of this study was to investigate the effect of stimulation frequency and duty-cycle on the usability of an SSVEP-based BCI system.
APPROACH: We developed an SSVEP-based BCI speller using multiple LEDs flickering with low frequencies (6-14.9 Hz) with a duty-cycle of 50%, or higher frequencies (26-34.7 Hz) with duty-cycles of 50%, 60%, and 70%. The four different experimental conditions were tested with 26 subjects in order to investigate the impact of stimulation frequency and duty-cycle on performance and visual fatigue, and evaluated with a questionnaire survey. Resting state alpha powers were utilized to interpret our results from the neurophysiological point of view.
MAIN RESULTS: The stimulation method employing higher frequencies not only showed less visual fatigue, but it also showed higher and more stable classification performance compared to that employing relatively lower frequencies. Different duty-cycles in the higher frequency stimulation conditions did not significantly affect visual fatigue, but a duty-cycle of 50% was a better choice with respect to performance. The performance of the higher frequency stimulation method was also less susceptible to resting state alpha powers, while that of the lower frequency stimulation method was negatively correlated with alpha powers.
SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that the use of higher frequency visual stimuli is more beneficial for performance improvement and stability as time passes when developing practical SSVEP-based BCI applications.

PMID: 26695712 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Dominant efficiency of nonregular patterns of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder in a data-driven computational model.

Dominant efficiency of nonregular patterns of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder in a data-driven computational model.

J Neural Eng. 2015 Dec 22;13(1):016013

Authors: Karamintziou SD, Deligiannis NG, Piallat B, Polosan M, Chabardès S, David O, Stathis PG, Tagaris GA, Boviatsis EJ, Sakas DE, Polychronaki GE, Tsirogiannis GL, Nikita KS

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Almost 30 years after the start of the modern era of deep brain stimulation (DBS), the subthalamic nucleus (STN) still constitutes a standard stimulation target for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but the use of STN-DBS is also now supported by level I clinical evidence for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Disruption of neural synchronization in the STN has been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms of action of standard and alternative patterns of STN-DBS at a local level. Meanwhile, recent experimental and computational modeling evidence has signified the efficiency of alternative patterns of stimulation; however, no indications exist for treatment-refractory OCD. Here, we comparatively simulate the desynchronizing effect of standard (regular at 130 Hz) versus temporally alternative (in terms of frequency, temporal variability and the existence of bursts or pauses) patterns of STN-DBS for PD and OCD, by means of a stochastic dynamical model and two microelectrode recording (MER) datasets.
APPROACH: The stochastic model is fitted to subthalamic MERs acquired during eight surgical interventions for PD and eight surgical interventions for OCD. For each dynamical system simulated, we comparatively assess the invariant density (steady-state phase distribution) as a measure inversely related to the desynchronizing effect yielded by the applied patterns of stimulation.
MAIN RESULTS: We demonstrate that high (130 Hz)-and low (80 Hz)-frequency irregular patterns of stimulation, and low-frequency periodic stimulation interrupted by bursts of pulses, yield in both pathologic conditions a significantly stronger desynchronizing effect compared with standard STN-DBS, and distinct alternative patterns of stimulation. In PD, values of the invariant density measure are proven to be optimal at the dorsolateral oscillatory region of the STN including sites with the optimal therapeutic window.
SIGNIFICANCE: In addition to providing novel insights into the efficiency of low-frequency nonregular patterns of STN-DBS for advanced PD and treatment-refractory OCD, this work points to a possible correlation of a model-based outcome measure with clinical effectiveness of stimulation and may have significant implications for an energy- and therapeutically-efficient configuration of a closed-loop neuromodulation system.

PMID: 26695534 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A survey of current trends in diffusion MRI for structural brain connectivity.

A survey of current trends in diffusion MRI for structural brain connectivity.

J Neural Eng. 2015 Dec 22;13(1):011001

Authors: Ghosh A, Deriche R

Abstract
In this paper, we review the state of the art in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and we present current trends in modelling the brain's tissue microstructure and the human connectome. dMRI is today the only tool that can probe the brain's axonal architecture in vivo and non-invasively, and has grown in leaps and bounds in the last two decades since its conception. A plethora of models with increasing complexity and better accuracy have been proposed to characterise the integrity of the cerebral tissue, to understand its microstructure and to infer its connectivity. Here, we discuss a wide range of the most popular, important and well-established local microstructure models and biomarkers that have been proposed from these models. Finally, we briefly present the state of the art in tractography techniques that allow us to understand the architecture of the brain's connectivity.

PMID: 26695367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Bootstrap-based bias correction and inference for dynamic panels with fixed effects

This article describes a new Stata routine, xtbcfe, that performs the iterative bootstrap-based bias correction for the fixed effects (FE) estimator in dynamic panels proposed by Everaert and Pozzi (Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2007). We first simplify the core of their algorithm using the invariance principle and subsequently extend it to allow for unbalanced and higher order dynamic panels. We implement various bootstrap error resampling schemes to account for general heteroscedasticity and contemporaneous cross-sectional dependence. Inference can be performed using a bootstrapped variance-covariance matrix or percentile intervals. Monte Carlo simulations show that the simplification of the original algorithm results in a further bias reduction for very small T. The Monte Carlo results also support the bootstrap-based bias correction in higher order dynamic panels and panels with cross-sectional dependence. We illustrate the routine with an empirical example estimating a dynamic labour demand function.

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De geschiedenis van de buitendiensten van de Algemene Administratie van de Patrimoniumdocumentatie: een relaas van administratieve bestendiging en territoriale wanorde

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Erfenisregeling in de moderne tijden

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Erfenisregeling in de moderne tijden: de erfenisaangifte als bron voor historisch en genealogisch onderzoek

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De Gentse Velodroom (1892-1894): van 'foule nombreuse et avide' naar 'léthargie puissante'

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Onroerende informatie gebundeld: een onderzoek naar twee eeuwen functionele en territoriale hervormingen en de implicaties voor de archiefvorming in de buitendiensten van Patrimoniumdocumentatie

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Structure and strategy: two rural communities in the Kempen region of Belgium, 1850-1910

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Relationship between swallow-specific quality of life and fiber-optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing findings in patients with head and neck cancer.

Relationship between swallow-specific quality of life and fiber-optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing findings in patients with head and neck cancer.

Head Neck. 2015 Dec 23;

Authors: Florie M, Baijens L, Kremer B, Kross K, Lacko M, Verhees F, Winkens B

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between swallow-specific quality of life (QOL) using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) and the swallowing function using a standardized fiber-optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) protocol in patients with dysphagia with head and neck cancer.
METHODS: Sixty-three patients with dysphagia and head and neck cancer were enrolled in the study. Patients completed the MDADI questionnaire and underwent a standardized FEES examination. Ordinal FEES variables were measured. Descriptive statistics and 1-way analysis of variance tests were carried out.
RESULTS: For all FEES variables, the observer agreement level was sufficient (kappa ≥0.7).These preliminary results show statistically significant mean differences of MDADI subscales between the ordinal scale levels for several FEES variables.
CONCLUSION: The MDADI questionnaire can be used to assess the impact of dysphagia on the patients' health-related QOL. Despite clear trends, it remains unclear if the MDADI questionnaire can be used as an indicator for the severity of oropharyngeal dysphagia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015.

PMID: 26695518 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Predictors of stage at presentation and outcomes of head and neck cancers in a university hospital setting.

Predictors of stage at presentation and outcomes of head and neck cancers in a university hospital setting.

Head Neck. 2015 Dec 23;

Authors: Osazuwa-Peters N, Christopher KM, Hussaini AS, Behera A, Walker RJ, Varvares MA

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To increase early detection of head and neck cancers, it is important that disparities associated with access to care are addressed.
METHODS: A total of 351 patients aged 20 to 91 years (58.72 ± 11.70 years) diagnosed with head and neck cancers at a university hospital from 1997 to 2010 were analyzed. Logistic regression assessed the association between clinical stage at presentation and predictors. Cox proportional hazards model assessed the effect of stage at presentation on survival.
RESULTS: Being African American was associated with increased odds of late stage at presentation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-4.59), and those without health insurance were 10.97 times more likely to present at late stage (95% CI = 1.30-92.49). Unmarried patients were 1.6 times at an increased hazard of death (95% CI = 1.12-2.24).
CONCLUSION: Disparities, such as race and health insurance status, are important predictors of stage at presentation of patients with head and neck cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015.

PMID: 26695355 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Bilateral inferior alveolar nerve reconstruction with a vascularized sural nerve graft included in a free fibular osteocutaneous flap after segmental mandibulectomy.

Bilateral inferior alveolar nerve reconstruction with a vascularized sural nerve graft included in a free fibular osteocutaneous flap after segmental mandibulectomy.

Head Neck. 2015 Dec 23;

Authors: Tanaka K, Okazaki M, Homma T, Yano T, Mori H

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Segmental mandibulectomy with bilateral inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) resection results in complete sensory loss in the lower lip and chin. The purpose of this study was for us to report on a bilateral IAN reconstruction with a vascularized nerve graft after chemoradiotherapy during cancer ablation.
METHODS: The mandible was reconstructed with a fibular osteocutaneous flap that included the sural nerve. The proximal ends of the right and left IAN were sutured to the proximal and distal ends of the sural nerve in an end-to-end manner. The 2 distal ends of the mental nerves were sutured to the sural nerve in an end-to-side manner. Sensations were measured using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments test.
RESULTS: Sensory recovery was first noted after 5 months and the quantitative results of the Semmes-Weinstein test 45 months after surgery were 2.83 to 4.08.
CONCLUSION: One-stage nerve reconstruction may be indicated for bilateral IAN resection. A vascularized nerve graft is effective especially in a perioperative radiotherapy case. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015.

PMID: 26695110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Survival and functional outcomes.

Surgical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Survival and functional outcomes.

Head Neck. 2015 Dec 23;

Authors: Kumar B, Cipolla MJ, Old MO, Brown NV, Kang SY, Dziegielewski PT, Durmus K, Ozer E, Agrawal A, Carrau RL, Schuller DE, Leon ME, Pan Q, Kumar P, Wood V, Burgers J, Wakely PE, Teknos TN

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to further define the impact of primary surgery in the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
METHODS: Two hundred ninety-six patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with primary surgery were included. Multivariable analysis and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) identified predictors of survival and gastrostomy tube presence.
RESULTS: Multivariable analysis identified that HPV negativity (p = .0002), presence of extranodal extension (p = .0025), and advanced T classification (p = .0081) were independent predictors of survival. For HPV-positive patients, surgical approach (p = .0111) and margin status (p = .0287) were significant predictors of survival. For HPV-negative patients, extranodal extension (p = .0021) and advanced T classification (p = .0342) were significant predictors of survival. Smoking status and advanced neck disease did not impact survival, and the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy did not confer survival benefit in HPV-positive or HPV-negative subgroups.
CONCLUSION: Independent predictors of survival are unique in patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with primary surgery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015.

PMID: 26694981 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Unmasking a novel disease gene NEO1 associated with autism spectrum disorders by a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 15 and a functional polymorphism

Publication date: 1 March 2016
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 300
Author(s): Wai-Kwan Siu, Ching-Wan Lam, Wei-Wei Gao, Hei-Man Vincent Tang, Dong-Yan Jin, Chloe Miu Mak
BackgroundAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with a high degree of heritability, but the genetic basis is exceedingly heterogeneous. Microdeletions of chromosome 15q24 have been demonstrated to be recurrent genomic alterations in ASD patients. Of interest, neuronal migration genes are of particular relevance to the pathogenesis of ASD. NEO1 is located in 15q24 and encodes for neogenin, a membrane receptor involved in cortical interneuron migration and axon guidance. We postulated that the ASD patient has one copy of the NEO1 gene deleted and the other copy disrupted by intragenic mutation.ResultsWe identify genetic changes in both alleles of NEO1 in two individuals from a cohort of 66 Han Chinese patients with ASD. In one patient, we detected a hemizygous 1.97-Mb deletion at 15q23q24.1 encompassing the NEO1 gene, a missense variant in NEO1, c.3388C>T (p.Arg1130Cys), and a duplication, c.2204-14_2204-2dup, in the acceptor splice site of intron 14 of NEO1. Furthermore, we identified a second patient was a compound heterozygote for NEO1. A novel missense variant in NEO1, c.302G>A (p.Arg101His), in addition to c.3388C>T and c.2204-14_2204-2dup was detected in the second patient. The c.3388C>T is a single nucleotide polymorphism with allele frequency of 0.045 in Han Chinese individuals. In silico and functional analyses indicated that p.Arg1130Cys, located at the nuclear localization signal (NLS) domain of neogenin led to defective nuclear translocation of neogenin.ConclusionsThe hemizygous 15q deletion unmasks the recessive functional polymorphism in NEO1 which plays a pivotal role in cortical interneuron development. Our study provides the first evidence linking NEO1 with ASD in humans.



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The effects of varenicline on methamphetamine self-administration and drug-primed reinstatement in female rats

Publication date: 1 March 2016
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 300
Author(s): Steven T. Pittenger, Scott T. Barrett, Shinnyi Chou, Rick A. Bevins
While research has revealed heightened vulnerability to meth addiction in women, preclinical models rarely use female subjects when investigating meth seeking and relapse. The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of varenicline (Chantix^®), a partial α4β2 and full α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, on meth self-administration and reinstatement in female rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically implanted with an indwelling jugular catheter. Half of the rats were then trained to self-administer meth (0.056mg/kg/infusion) on a variable ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement; the other half earned intravenous saline during daily, 2h sessions. When responding stabilized, varenicline (0.0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0mg/kg) was tested to determine how it altered meth taking. Varenicline was probed on 4 test days; each test separated by 2 standard self-administration sessions to assure responding remained stable. Following this testing was 15 extinction sessions. Twenty-four hours after the last extinction session were four consecutive days of meth-primed reinstatement. The same 4 doses of varenicline were examined to determine how it altered reinstatement triggered by 0.3mg/kg meth (IP). Rats readily self-administered meth. The higher doses of varenicline did not affect meth-taking in a specific fashion as active lever pressing was also slightly reduced in rats that has access to saline in the self-administration phase. Female rats displayed robust meth-primed reinstatement. Notably, the lower doses of varenicline increased meth-primed reinstatement. This amplified susceptibility to reinstatement (i.e., relapse) may be an impediment for the use of varenicline as a therapeutic to treat meth use disorder.



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Multiple rodent models and behavioral measures reveal unexpected responses to FTY720 and DMF in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Publication date: 1 March 2016
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 300
Author(s): N.M.W.J. de Bruin, K. Schmitz, S. Schiffmann, N. Tafferner, M. Schmidt, H. Jordan, A. Häußler, I. Tegeder, G. Geisslinger, M.J. Parnham
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely-used rodent model for multiple sclerosis (MS), but a single model can hardly capture all features of MS. We investigated whether behavioral parameters in addition to clinical motor function scores could be used to assess treatment efficacy during score-free intervals in the relapsing-remitting EAE model in SJL/J mice. We studied the effects of the clinical reference compounds FTY720 (fingolimod, 0.5mg/kg/day) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF, 20–30mg/kg/day) on clinical scores in several rodent EAE models in order to generate efficacy profiles. SJL/J mice with relapsing-remitting EAE were studied using behavioral tests, including rotarod, gait analysis, locomotor activity and grip strength. SJL/J mice were also examined according to Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty test. Prophylactic treatment with FTY720 prevented clinical scores in three of the four EAE rodent models: Dark Agouti (DA) and Lewis rats and C57BL/6J mice. Neither prophylactic nor late-therapeutic treatment with FTY720 reduced clinical scores or reversed deficits in the rotarod test in SJL/J mice, but we observed effects on motor functions and sociability in the absence of clinical scores. Prophylactic treatment with FTY720 improved the gait of SJL/J mice whereas late-therapeutic treatment improved manifestations of reduced social (re)cognition or preference for social novelty. DMF was tested in three EAE models and did not improve clinical scores at the dose used. These data indicate that improvements in behavioral deficits can occur in absence of clinical scores, which indicate subtle drug effects and may have translational value for human MS.



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Award for outstanding contributions to the Chinese Journal of Cancer

At the 4th Guangzhou International Symposium on Oncology, Rui-Hua Xu, Chao-Nan Qian, and Wei Zhang—the chairmen and editors of the Chinese Journal of Cancer—announced and presented awards to 14 authors in recogni...

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Radiomic Machine-Learning Classifiers for Prognostic Biomarkers of Head and Neck Cancer.

Radiomic Machine-Learning Classifiers for Prognostic Biomarkers of Head and Neck Cancer.

Front Oncol. 2015;5:272

Authors: Parmar C, Grossmann P, Rietveld D, Rietbergen MM, Lambin P, Aerts HJ

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: "Radiomics" extracts and mines a large number of medical imaging features in a non-invasive and cost-effective way. The underlying assumption of radiomics is that these imaging features quantify phenotypic characteristics of an entire tumor. In order to enhance applicability of radiomics in clinical oncology, highly accurate and reliable machine-learning approaches are required. In this radiomic study, 13 feature selection methods and 11 machine-learning classification methods were evaluated in terms of their performance and stability for predicting overall survival in head and neck cancer patients.
METHODS: Two independent head and neck cancer cohorts were investigated. Training cohort HN1 consisted of 101 head and neck cancer patients. Cohort HN2 (n = 95) was used for validation. A total of 440 radiomic features were extracted from the segmented tumor regions in CT images. Feature selection and classification methods were compared using an unbiased evaluation framework.
RESULTS: We observed that the three feature selection methods minimum redundancy maximum relevance (AUC = 0.69, Stability = 0.66), mutual information feature selection (AUC = 0.66, Stability = 0.69), and conditional infomax feature extraction (AUC = 0.68, Stability = 0.7) had high prognostic performance and stability. The three classifiers BY (AUC = 0.67, RSD = 11.28), RF (AUC = 0.61, RSD = 7.36), and NN (AUC = 0.62, RSD = 10.52) also showed high prognostic performance and stability. Analysis investigating performance variability indicated that the choice of classification method is the major factor driving the performance variation (29.02% of total variance).
CONCLUSION: Our study identified prognostic and reliable machine-learning methods for the prediction of overall survival of head and neck cancer patients. Identification of optimal machine-learning methods for radiomics-based prognostic analyses could broaden the scope of radiomics in precision oncology and cancer care.

PMID: 26697407 [PubMed]

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Editorial: Clinical Application of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Cranium to Prostate.

Editorial: Clinical Application of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Cranium to Prostate.

Front Oncol. 2015;5:266

Authors: Vargo JA, Heron DE

PMID: 26697404 [PubMed]

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Electronic Nose and Exhaled Breath NMR-based Metabolomics Applications in Airways Disease.

Electronic Nose and Exhaled Breath NMR-based Metabolomics Applications in Airways Disease.

Curr Top Med Chem. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Santini G, Mores N, Penas A, Capuano R, Mondino C, Trové A, Macagno F, Zini G, Cattani P, Martinelli E, Motta A, Macis G, Ciabattoni G, Montuschi P

Abstract
Breathomics, the multidimensional molecular analysis of exhaled breath, includes analysis of exhaled breath with gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and electronic noses (e-noses), and metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a non-invasive technique which provides information on the composition of airway lining fluid, generally by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or MS methods. Metabolomics is the identification and quantification of small molecular weight metabolites in a biofluid. Specific profiles of volatile compounds in exhaled breath and metabolites in EBC (breathprints) are potentially useful surrogate markers of inflammatory respiratory diseases. Electronic noses (e-noses) are artificial sensor systems, usually consisting of chemical cross-reactive sensor arrays for characterization of patterns of breath volatile compounds, and algorithms for breathprints classification. E-noses are handheld, portable, and provide real-time data. E-nose breathprints can reflect respiratory inflammation. E-noses and NMR-based metabolomics of EBC can distinguish patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, and lung cancer, or diseases with a clinically relevant respiratory component including cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia, and healthy individuals. Breathomics has also been reported to identify patients affected by different types of respiratory diseases. Patterns of breath volatile compounds detected by e-nose and EBC metabolic profiles have been associated with asthma phenotypes. In combination with other -omics platforms, breathomics might provide a molecular approach to respiratory disease phenotyping and a molecular basis to tailored pharmacotherapeutic strategies. Breathomics might also contribute to identify new surrogate markers of respiratory inflammation, thus, facilitating drug discovery. Validation in newly recruited, prospective independent cohorts is essential for development of e-nose and EBC NMRbased metabolomics techniques.

PMID: 26693732 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Anion-induced palladium nanoparticle formation during the on-surface growth of molecular assemblies

Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC08630B, Communication

Michael Morozov, Tatyana Bendikov, Guennadi Evmenenko, Pulak Dutta, Michal Lahav, Milko E. van der Boom
We demonstrate a process that results in the formation of palladium nanoparticles during the assembly of molecular thin films.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Polychondritis with Auricular and Ocular Involvement

A 46-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of bilateral auricular pain and swelling of the pinnae, followed by bilateral eye redness, pain, and photophobia. Review of systems was notable for pain in the right wrist. Examination revealed bilateral erythema and tenderness of the auricles and…

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A Lousy Diagnosis

A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of generalized pruritus. Physical examination was notable for small black dots between body hairs on the abdomen and pelvis. Dermoscopic examination of the abdomen revealed a pubic louse, which is smaller than the head louse and has a round form…

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Patient Benefit-Risk Tradeoffs for Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treatments.

Patient Benefit-Risk Tradeoffs for Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treatments.

J Thyroid Res. 2015;2015:438235

Authors: Mohamed AF, González JM, Fairchild A

Abstract
Background. The aims of this study were to assess patients' preferences to wait or start systemic treatment and understand how patients would make tradeoffs between certain severe adverse events (AEs) and additional months of progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and Methods. Adults in France, Germany, and Spain with a diagnosis of DTC and who have had at least one RAI treatment completed a direct-elicitation question and a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) online. The direct-elicitation question asked respondents whether they would opt out of treatment when their tumor is RAI-R. In the DCE, respondents chose between 12 pairs of hypothetical RAI-R DTC treatment profiles. Profiles were defined by magnitudes of efficacy (PFS) and safety (severe hand-foot skin reaction [HFSR], severe proteinuria, and severe hypertension). A main-effects random-parameters logit model was estimated. Results. 134 patients completed the survey. Most patients (86.6%) opted for treatment rather than "wait and see" decision. Patients placed a greater weight on the risk of severe hypertension than the risk of proteinuria and HFSR. Conclusions. DTC patients showed preference toward treatment for RAI-R DTC over watchful waiting. Patients' concerns about the risk of severe hypertension appeared to have had a greater effect on patients' choice than severe proteinuria or HFSR.

PMID: 26697261 [PubMed]

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Experience of study of the incidence of malignant neoplasms population in small areas of Ukraine, which suffered contamination with radionuclides due to the Chornobyl accident.

Experience of study of the incidence of malignant neoplasms population in small areas of Ukraine, which suffered contamination with radionuclides due to the Chornobyl accident.

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2015 Dec;20:229-240

Authors: Prysyazhnyuk AY, Fuzik MM, Gudzenko NA, Bazyka DA, Fedorenko ZP, Ryzhov AY, Sumkina OV, Trotsyuk NK, Khukhrianska OM

Abstract
GOAL OF THE STUDY: to evaluate the dynamics of implementation risks of malignant tumors in some small areas of Ukraine in the pre- and post-accident period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population group - the population of the Malyn rayon, Zhytomyr region. The period of observation covered 1980-2014. There was investigated the incidence of malignant tumors in general and individual nosological forms (thyroid cancer, breast cancer, tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid system). Methods of variation statistics and descriptive epidemiology were used.
RESULTS: Characteristics of ionizing radiation influence on the population of Malyn rayon indicate the potential for negative effects, especially for thyroid cancer. Besides the fact that the average total effective radiation dose whole body by radioactive cesium in Malyn rayon population (5.9 mSv) are at medium level in Zhytomyr region and is significantly lower in comparison with those of other areas of the northern part of the oblast, the exposure of thyroid 236 mGy, is significantly higher than the regional figures - 81 mGy. Although the level of morbidity Malyn rayon of malignant tumors in general was about at the national level for 1999-2003 and lower it in the 2012-2014, exceeding the figures of Zhytomyr region, the incidence of thyroid cancer in the 2012-2014 in Malin area was 1.7 times higher in comparison with data for Ukraine and in 1.9 times in comparison with the data in Zhytomyr region. As in most northern areas that fell under radioactive iodine fallouts, there is the realization of increased radiation risk of cancer of this organ. The incidence of breast cancer in female population Malyn rayon is the lowest in comparison with Ukraine and Zhitomir regions. However, the rate of increase in this area is the highest.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the need for further monitoring of occurrence of cancer cases in the population of not only Ukraine as a whole, or large administrative units, but also among the population in small areas, taking into account the probability of the realization of risks of radiation-associated disease cases according to local environmental conditions.

PMID: 26695905 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Overview of the mental health research among residents of contaminated territories and Chernobyl clean up workers/"liquidators" in Belarus.

Overview of the mental health research among residents of contaminated territories and Chernobyl clean up workers/"liquidators" in Belarus.

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2015 Dec;20:55-74

Authors: Igumnov SA, Lapanau PS

Abstract
This review deals with the latest information concerning the studies of the effect of the Chernobyl accident on the mental health of different population groups of Belarus. Observed the pathogenesis of mental disorders, develop ing in individuals living in the contaminated territories. Reviewed different factors affecting the mental health of such population group as the liquidators. Disclosed is a phenomenon of squatters ("samosely") - people who vol untarily returned to their homes in the exclusion zone after the forced relocation. The data studies, including its own, mental disorders in children, exposed to radioactive exposure in different periods of development.

PMID: 26695894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Evaluation of radionuclide therapy for the residue after surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma].

[Evaluation of radionuclide therapy for the residue after surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma].

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015 Jun;50(6):497-501

Authors: Wu Y, Zheng R, Luo D, Yang H, Liang Q

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of radioactive iodine (RAI) for the treatment of residual papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) after surgery.
METHODS: A total of 20 patients diagnosed with PTC and underwent 2-6 courses of RAI therapy for residual PTC after surgery in other hospitals were included our study. Of these, 13 were in stage I, 3 in stage III and 4 in stage IV. All the cases were operated again due to the presence of suspicious residual tumors indicated by CT. Excision of thyroid tumor residue was performed in 5 cases and neck dissection in 15 cases (20 sides). The suspicious thyroid or neck residual tumors were examined pathologically after surgery. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was used to evaluate the efficacy of surgery treatment on residual tumor. T-test was used to identify variables associated to RAI and to calculate the propensity score to receive RAI after surgery.
RESULTS: The patients aged 22-58 years, with a median age of 40 years. The mean times of surgeries received before RAI was 1.5 and the mean dose of applied RAI was 318 mCi (210-660 mCi). No significant difference in tumor size between pre-RAI and post-RAI was found (t = 1.177, P > 0.05). With postoperative pathological examination, the suspicious thyroid or neck residual tumors were confirmed as PTC or the cervical lymph metastasis of PTC.
CONCLUSIONS: For the residue or metastasis of PTC after operation, reoperation should be a priority, while RAI therapy has no obvious therapeutic effect and it should be limited to selected cases such as those with distant metastasis or unsuitable for operation but with iodine uptake function, or taken as an adjuvant treatment after radical resection of cervical lesions.

PMID: 26695803 [PubMed - in process]

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Corrigendum.

Corrigendum.

Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2015 Dec 22;:1

Authors:

PMID: 26694956 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Dynamics of formation of Ru, Os, Ir and Au metal nanocrystals on doped graphitic surfaces

Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09564F, Communication

Anais Pitto-Barry, Peter J. Sadler, Nicolas P. E. Barry
The fabrication of precious metal (ruthenium, osmium, gold, and iridium) nanocrystals from single atoms has been studied in real-time.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Catenane-based mechanically-linked block copolymers

Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09775D, Communication

B. Nisar Ahamed, Roland Duchene, Koen Robeyns, Charles-Andre Fustin
A versatile strategy for the synthesis of diblock copolymers where the blocks are linked by a catenane junction is described.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Esophageal reconstruction by colon interposition after esophagectomy for cancer analysis of current indications, operative outcomes, and long-term survival

Introduction

Colon interposition is an alternative solution for esophageal reconstruction if the stomach cannot be used. The study reviews current indications and results of coloplasty for cancer.

Methods

Patients who underwent colon interposition for gastro-esophageal malignancy were included. Primary coloplasty was defined as upfront colon interposition. Salvage coloplasty was defined as colon interposition after primary reconstruction failure. Mortality, morbidity, function, and survival were evaluated.

Results

We included 28 patients (24 men, median age 61 years). Ten (36%) patients underwent primary coloplasty due to previous gastrectomy (n = 5), conduit gastric cancer (n = 2), extensive gastroesophageal involvement (n = 2), and gastric cancer recurrence (n = 1). Salvage coloplasty was performed in 18 (64%) patients for postoperative graft necrosis (n = 5) and intractable strictures (n = 3). Operative mortality, morbidity, and graft necrosis rates were 14% (4/28), 86% (24/28), and 14% (4/28), respectively; there were no significant differences between primary and salvage coloplasty. Survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5 years were 81%, 51%, and 38%, respectively. Survival was decreased after primary coloplasty when compared to salvage coloplasty (P = 0.03). Nine patients experienced tumor recurrence (primary: n = 6, salvage: n = 3) after coloplasty and eight of them died.

Conclusion

Colon interposition after esophagectomy is a useful but morbid endeavor. Colon interposition as salvage therapy is associated with improved survival compared to its use as primary esophageal replacement, and colon interposition in the latter cohort should be used with caution due to poor cancer-specific survival in this patient population. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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International survey of hospital emergency department staff evaluates psychosocial care for injured children

Nationwide Children's Hospital

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Effect of age on the prognostic value of left ventricular function in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A prospective registry study

European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care

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Hypertension-related visits to emergency rooms on rise in U.S.

Vanderbilt University Medical Center Research News

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Combined activities of JNK1 and JNK2 in hepatocytes protect against toxic liver injury

Gastroenterology

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Risk-treatment paradox: Penn researchers find heart attack patients not always receiving lowest-risk care

Penn Medicine

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Hospitalization rates and prognosis of patients with anaphylactic shock in Denmark from 1995 through 2012

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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UF researchers call for close attention to flu viruses

UF Health

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Defining the learning curve for endotracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopy: a systematic review

Resuscitation

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Answering concussion's crucial questions

UAB Medicine

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Posttraumatic growth in people with traumatic long-term spinal cord injury: predictive role of basic hope and coping

Spinal Cord

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The roles of serum alkaline and bone alkaline phosphatase levels in predicting heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord

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Diagnosing acute heart failure in the emergency department a systematic review and meta-analysis

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Acute flaccid myelitis of unknown etiology in California, 2012-2015

JAMA

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Evaluation of the Family Integrated Care model of neonatal intensive care: a cluster randomized controlled trial in Canada and Australia

BMC Pediatrics

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Ending chronic pain with new drug therapy

Northwestern Medicine News

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Sports-related eye and adnexal injuries in the Western Australian paediatric population

Acta Ophthalmologica

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