
https://ift.tt/2HGFYZa
In Taiwan, the median age of diagnosis for oral cavity cancer is 51 year old, which is about 10 years earlier than that in Western countries. A recent study assessing the effect of marriage on outcomes for elderly oral cavity cancer patients (≥66 years old) showed that marriage was associated with better survival. However, little is known about the prognostic significance of marital status in oral cavity cancer patients aged 65 years and younger.
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The Hyodo scoring system during the endoscopic procedure has been proposed as a new tool for evaluating oral intake feasibility. However, the effectiveness of the information obtained from this procedure in predicting aspiration is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of clinical factors, including Hyodo scores, for predicting the risk of aspiration.
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The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between the Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and prognosis in upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer.
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To review the evidence and current policies regarding the use of epinephrine at schools and child care centers Data Sources and Study Selection: A narrative review was performed based on the result of conference proceedings of a group of inter-professional stakeholders who attended the USAnaphylaxis Summit 2017 presented by Allergy & Asthma Network.
https://ift.tt/2vCplJE
IgE-mediated food allergy is a life threatening disease with an increasing prevalence in developed countries (1). Food proteins are innocuous non–self-antigens which are regularly absorbed through the gastro-intestinal tract without provoking a significant immune reaction. The mechanisms responsible for the development of primary immune tolerance to food-related proteins are still not well understood (2). IgE-mediated food allergy results when the adaptive immune system fails to develop tolerance to these food proteins and instead develops IgE antibodies directed against allergenic epitopes (2).
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We would like to report our real-world results of using mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in an office environment. This was a retrospective study; written permission was granted by all patients to use results of their treatment with mepolizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin 5 cytokine.
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The pathogenesis of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is not fully understood. Our previous study reported that chemokine CCL27 was overexpressed in serum of SJS/TEN patients. The...
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A 21-year-old woman presented with multiple erythematous to skin-coloured dome-shaped firm papules and plaques over the right ear concha and external auditory canal for 1 year. It was associated with occasional itching and bleeding. Her main concern was cosmetic disfigurement. Biopsy showed presence of multiple proliferating blood vessels lined by plump epithelioid endothelial cells surrounded by dense infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes and eosinophils. Other routine investigations were within normal limits. A diagnosis of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia was made. A single sitting of intralesional radiofrequency ablation (Vesalius, coagulation mode; fanning technique) using 18-G intravenous cannula was done. This led to almost complete resolution with no recurrence at 3 months follow-up. There was no evidence of scarring or depigmentation.
Metronidazole is a commonly used antimicrobial worldwide. The most common side effects that have been reported are nausea, vomiting and hypersensitivity reactions. However, neurotoxicity has been reported with the use of metronidazole but rather rare. The most common neurological manifestation is peripheral neuropathy involvement in the form of sensory loss. It is worth mentioning that central neurotoxicity is a rare side effect of metronidazole use but reversible. The manifestations vary from a headache, altered mental status to focal neurological deficits. The diagnosis is mainly by neuroimaging in the setting of acute neurological change in the patient status. Here, we report a case of metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity in a 38-year-old male patient who was admitted with a brain abscess and was started on metronidazole for more than 10 weeks.
Description
A 70-year-old woman with hypertension presented about 3 months ago with complaints of dysarthria, left lower motor neuron facial palsy with preserved Bell's phenomenon, sensory loss over the left side of her face (V1, V2, V3) along with the left half of the tongue, absent left corneal and conjunctival reflexes, and gait ataxia. MRI of the brain showed an acute left anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction (figure 1). She was treated with antiplatelets, statins and antihypertensives.
Figure 1
MRI of the brain showing an acute infarct in the left anterior inferior cerebellar territory.
At present, she complained of 1-month history of multiple non-healing painless ulcers over the left side of her face below the nostril, and on the left side of the nose and forehead. Her left eye had undergone keratosis (figure 2). She had consulted local doctors, who prescribed her topical antibiotics...
Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma is a rare malignancy, accounting for only 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas, first described in the 1970s and subsequently accepted as a distinct entity in the current World He...
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Dubois, N; Saulnier-Talbot, É; Mills, K; Gell, P; Battarbee, R; Bennion, H; Chawchai, S; ... Valero-Garcés, B; + view all Dubois, N; Saulnier-Talbot, É; Mills, K; Gell, P; Battarbee, R; Bennion, H; Chawchai, S; Dong, X; Francus, P; Flower, R; Gomes, DF; Gregory-Eaves, I; Humane, S; Kattel, G; Jenny, JP; Langdon, P; Massaferro, J; McGowan, S; Mikomägi, A; Ngoc, NTM; Ratnayake, AS; Reid, M; Rose, N; Saros, J; Schillereff, D; Tolotti, M; Valero-Garcés, B; - view fewer (2018) First human impacts and responses of aquatic systems: A review of palaeolimnological records from around the world. Anthropocene Review , 5 (1) pp. 28-68. 10.1177/2053019617740365 . Green open access
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Zotzmann, K; O'Regan, JP; (2016) Critical Discourse Analysis and Identity. In: Preece, S, (ed.) The Routledge Handbook of Language and Identity. (pp. 113-128). Routledge: New York, United States. Green open access
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Elling, U; Wimmer, RA; Leibbrandt, A; Urkard, TB; Michlits, G; Leopoldi, A; Micheler, T; ... Penninger, JM; + view all Elling, U; Wimmer, RA; Leibbrandt, A; Urkard, TB; Michlits, G; Leopoldi, A; Micheler, T; Abdeen, D; Zhuk, S; Aspalter, IM; Handl, C; Liebergesell, J; Hubmann, M; Husa, A-M; Kinzer, M; Schuller, N; Wetzel, E; van de Loo, N; Zepeda Martinez, JA; Estoppey, D; Riedl, R; Yang, F; Fu, B; Dechat, T; Ivics, Z; Agu, CA; Bell, O; Blaas, D; Gerhardt, H; Hoepfner, D; Stark, A; Penninger, JM; - view fewer (2017) A reversible haploid mouse embryonic stem cell biobank resource for functional genomics. Nature , 550 pp. 114-118. 10.1038/nature24027 . Green open access
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Orini, M; Van Duijvenboden, S; Srinivasan, N; Finlay, M; Taggart, P; Lambiase, PD; (2017) Theoretical assessment of a repolarization time marker based on the intracardiac bipolar electrogram. In: Computing in Cardiology 2017. Computing in Cardiology: Rennes, France. Green open access
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Hunter-Henin, M; (2015) Law, religion and the school. In: Handbook on Law and Religion. (pp. 259-270). Routledge: London and New York. Green open access
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Jones, MM; (2012) Systematic review of MI symptoms in people with diabetes. Presented at: SAPC Annual Conference 2012, Glasgow, UK. Green open access
https://ift.tt/2qM0BsA
Leventoğlu, B; Metternich, NW; (2018) Born Weak, Growing Strong: Anti-Government Protests as a Signal of Rebel Strength in the Context of Civil Wars. American Journal of Political Science 10.1111/ajps.12356 . (In press). Green open access
https://ift.tt/2qN5bGZ
Fouseki, K; Taylor, J; Diaz-Andreu, M; van der Linde, S; Pereira-Roders, A; (2018) Locating Heritage Values. In: Hoskins, G and Saville, S, (eds.) Locating Value. Routledge: London, United Kindom. (In press).
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Hsu, RCJ; Barclay, M; Loughran, MA; Lyratzopoulos, G; Gnanapragasam, VJ; Armitage, JN; (2018) Time Trends in Service Provision and Survival Outcomes for Renal Cancer Patients Treated by Nephrectomy in England 2000-2010. BJU International 10.1111/bju.14217 . (In press).
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Davila, JD; (2016) Cities as innovation: towards a new understanding of population growth, social inequality and urban sustainability. In: Nel.lo, O and Mele, R, (eds.) Cities in the 21st Century Academic Visions on Urban Development. (pp. 25-34). Routledge: London, United Kindom. Green open access
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Shamdasani, S; (2017) Questioning the unconscious. [Editorial comment]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1406 (1) pp. 86-89. 10.1111/nyas.13452 .
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Ramírez, J; Orini, M; Pueyo, E; Laguna, P; (2017) T-wave morphology restitution dependency with heart rate range and its association with sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure. In: Computing in Cardiology 2017. Computing in Cardiology: Rennes, France. Green open access
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Reiss, MJ; (2016) Religious diversity and inclusive practice. In: Richards, G and Armstrong, F, (eds.) Key Issues for Teaching Assistants: Teaching in Diverse and Inclusive Classrooms. (pp. 52-62). Routledge: Abingdon, United Kingdom. Green open access
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Grange, S; Qi, L; Frank, C; Ferguson-Pell, M; Smitham, P; Holloway, C; Taylor, S; ... Tyler, N; + view all Grange, S; Qi, L; Frank, C; Ferguson-Pell, M; Smitham, P; Holloway, C; Taylor, S; Wills, G; Tyler, N; - view fewer (2012) Establishing Translational Research Pipelines for Smart Devices. In: (Proceedings) IFESS 2012. IFESS Green open access
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Topintzi, N; Nevins, A; (2017) Moraic onsets in Arrernte. Phonology , 34 (3) pp. 615-650. 10.1017/S0952675717000306 . Green open access
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Panchal, N; Booth, C; Cannons, JL; Schwartzberg, PL; (2018) X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease Type 1: A Clinical and Molecular Perspective. Frontiers in Immunology , 9 , Article 666. 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00666 . Green open access
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Yan, F; Lü, J; Zhang, B; Yuan, Z; Zhao, H; Huang, S; Wei, G; ... Che, J; + view all Yan, F; Lü, J; Zhang, B; Yuan, Z; Zhao, H; Huang, S; Wei, G; Mi, X; Zou, D; Xu, W; Chen, S; Wang, J; Xie, F; Wu, M; Xiao, H; Liang, Z; Jin, J; Wu, S; Xu, C; Tapley, B; Turvey, ST; Papenfuss, TJ; Cunningham, AA; Murphy, RW; Zhang, Y; Che, J; - view fewer (2018) The Chinese giant salamander exemplifies the hidden extinction of cryptic species. Current Biology (In press).
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Reiss, MJ; (2016) Teaching and Learning in Diverse and Inclusive Classrooms. In: Richards, G and Armstrong, F, (eds.) Teaching and Learning in Diverse and Inclusive Classrooms: Key Issues for New Teachers. (pp. 111-121). Routledge: Abingdon, United Kingdom. Green open access
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Breuillard, H; Le Contel, O; Chust, T; Berthomier, M; Retino, A; Turner, DL; Nakamura, R; ... Fennell, JF; + view all Breuillard, H; Le Contel, O; Chust, T; Berthomier, M; Retino, A; Turner, DL; Nakamura, R; Baumjohann, W; Cozzani, G; Catapano, F; Alexandrova, A; Mirioni, L; Graham, DB; Argall, MR; Fischer, D; Wilder, FD; Gershman, DJ; Varsani, A; Lindqvist, P-A; Khotyaintsev, YV; Marklund, G; Ergun, RE; Goodrich, KA; Ahmadi, N; Burch, JL; Torbert, RB; Needell, G; Chutter, M; Rau, D; Dors, I; Russell, CT; Magnes, W; Strangeway, RJ; Bromund, KR; Wei, H; Plaschke, F; Anderson, BJ; Le, G; Moore, TE; Giles, BL; Paterson, WR; Pollock, CJ; Dorelli, JC; Avanov, LA; Saito, Y; Lavraud, B; Fuselier, SA; Mauk, BH; Cohen, IJ; Fennell, JF; - view fewer (2018) The Properties of Lion Roars and Electron Dynamics in Mirror Mode Waves Observed by the Magnetospheric MultiScale Mission. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics , 123 (1) pp. 93-103. 10.1002/2017JA024551 . Green open access
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Coast, J; Bailey, C; Orlando, R; Armour, K; Perry, R; Jones, CL; Kinghorn, P; (2018) Adaptation, Acceptance and Adaptive Preferences in Health and Capability Wellbeing Measurement Amongst Those Approaching End of Life. The Patient - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (In press).
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Often people think performing in front of others will make them mess up, but a new study led by a Johns Hopkins University neuroscientist found the opposite: being watched makes people do better.
Aflatoxin-lysine (AFB1-lys) adduct levels in blood samples collected from 230 individuals living in three districts of Malawi (Kasungu, Mchinji, and Nkhotakota) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels in groundnut and maize samples collected from their respective homesteads were determined using indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) methods. AFB1-lys adducts were detected in 67% of blood samples, with a mean concentration of 20.5 ± 23.4 pg/mg of albumin. AFB1 was detected in 91% of groundnut samples and in 70% of maize samples, with mean AFB1 levels of 52.4 and 16.3 μg/kg, respectively. All participants of this study reported consuming maize on a daily basis and consuming groundnuts regularly (mean consumption frequency per week: 3.2 ± 1.7). According to regression analysis, a frequency of groundnut consumption of more than four times per week, being female, and being a farmer were significant (p < 0.05) contributors to elevated AFB1-lys adduct levels in the blood. This is the first report on AFB1-lys adducts in blood samples of residents in Malawi. The results reinforce the urgent need for interventions, aiming at a reduction of aflatoxin exposure of the population.
Fitzsimons, EJ; Cullis, JO; Thomas, DW; Tsochatzis, E; Griffiths, WJH; British Society for Haematology, .; (2018) Diagnosis and therapy of genetic haemochromatosis (review and 2017 update). British Journal of Haematology 10.1111/bjh.15164 . (In press).
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Burman, E; Kimpian, J; Mumovic, D; (2018) Building Schools for the Future: Lessons Learned From Performance Evaluations of Five Secondary Schools and Academies in England. Frontiers in Built Environment , 4 , Article 22. 10.3389/fbuil.2018.00022 . Green open access
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Barbareschi, G; Holloway, C; (2018) An investigation of factors affecting the performance of wheelchair transfers. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 10.1080/17483107.2018.1463402 . (In press).
https://ift.tt/2qLbg7x
Berg, ML; (2016) 'La Lenin is my passport': schooling, mobility and belonging in socialist Cuba and its diaspora. In: Valentin, K and Fog Olwig, K, (eds.) Mobility, education and life trajectories: new and old migratory pathways. (pp. 57-71). Routledge: Abingdon, United Kingdom. Green open access
https://ift.tt/2J9RdX9
Lai, Q; Cillo, U; Iesari, S; Finkenstedt, A; Rossi, M; Tsochatzis, E; Otto, G; ... European Hepatocellular Cancer Liver Transplant Study Group, .; + view all Lai, Q; Cillo, U; Iesari, S; Finkenstedt, A; Rossi, M; Tsochatzis, E; Otto, G; Ettorre, GM; Tisone, G; Vivarelli, M; Avolio, AW; Foguenne, M; Lerut, J; European Hepatocellular Cancer Liver Transplant Study Group, .; - view fewer (2018) Bridging therapies are not detrimental in patients with hepatocellular cancer waiting for liver transplant: A propensity score analysis. Presented at: 51st Annual Meeting of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (A.I.S.F), Rome, Italy.
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Diallo, A; Jacobi, H; Cook, A; Labrum, R; Durr, A; Brice, A; Charles, P; ... du Montcel, ST; + view all Diallo, A; Jacobi, H; Cook, A; Labrum, R; Durr, A; Brice, A; Charles, P; Marelli, C; Mariotti, C; Nanetti, L; Panzeri, M; Rakowicz, M; Sobanska, A; Sulek, A; Schmitz-Huebsch, T; Schoels, L; Hengel, H; Melegh, B; Filla, A; Antenora, A; Infante, J; Berciano, J; van de Warrenburg, BP; Timmann, D; Boesch, S; Pandolfo, M; Schulz, JB; Bauer, P; Giunti, P; Kang, J-S; Klockgether, T; du Montcel, ST; - view fewer (2018) Survival in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6 (EUROSCA): a longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet Neurology , 17 (4) pp. 327-334. 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30042-5 .
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Gu, X; Zhou, Y; Gu, K; Kurosawa, T; Guo, Y; Li, Y; Lin, H; ... Bao, Z; + view all Gu, X; Zhou, Y; Gu, K; Kurosawa, T; Guo, Y; Li, Y; Lin, H; Schroeder, BC; Yan, H; Molina-Lopez, F; Tassone, CJ; Wang, C; Mannsfeld, SCB; Yan, H; Zhao, D; Toney, MF; Bao, Z; - view fewer (2017) Roll-to-Roll Printed Large-Area All-Polymer Solar Cells with 5% Efficiency Based on a Low Crystallinity Conjugated Polymer Blend. Advanced Energy Materials , 7 (14) , Article 1602742. 10.1002/aenm.201602742 . Green open access
https://ift.tt/2HzVcPM
Schroeder, BC; Kurosawa, T; Fu, T; Chiu, YC; Mun, J; Wang, GJN; Gu, X; ... Bao, Z; + view all Schroeder, BC; Kurosawa, T; Fu, T; Chiu, YC; Mun, J; Wang, GJN; Gu, X; Shaw, L; Kneller, JWE; Kreouzis, T; Toney, MF; Bao, Z; - view fewer (2017) Taming Charge Transport in Semiconducting Polymers with Branched Alkyl Side Chains. Advanced Functional Materials , 27 (34) , Article 1701973. 10.1002/adfm.201701973 .
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Castaneda, NC; Perez-Linan, A; (2012) Institutionalism. In: Kingstone, P and Yashar, D, (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Routledge Green open access
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Frantz, LAF; Rudzinski, A; Nugraha, AMS; Evin, A; Burton, J; Hulme-Beaman, A; Linderholm, A; ... Larson, G; + view all Frantz, LAF; Rudzinski, A; Nugraha, AMS; Evin, A; Burton, J; Hulme-Beaman, A; Linderholm, A; Barnett, R; Vega, R; Irving-Pease, EK; Haile, J; Allen, R; Leus, K; Shephard, J; Hillyer, M; Gillemot, S; van den Hurk, J; Ogle, S; Atofanei, C; Thomas, MG; Johansson, F; Mustari, AH; Williams, J; Mohamad, K; Damayanti, CS; Wiryadi, ID; Obbles, D; Mona, S; Day, H; Yasin, M; Meker, S; McGuire, JA; Evans, BJ; von Rintelen, T; Ho, SYW; Searle, JB; Kitchener, AC; Macdonald, AA; Shaw, DJ; Hall, R; Galbusera, P; Larson, G; - view fewer (2018) Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi's iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 285 (1876) , Article 20172566. 10.1098/rspb.2017.2566 . Green open access
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Collado-Fregoso, E; Hood, SN; Shoaee, S; Schroeder, BC; McCulloch, I; Kassal, I; Neher, D; Collado-Fregoso, E; Hood, SN; Shoaee, S; Schroeder, BC; McCulloch, I; Kassal, I; Neher, D; Durrant, JR; - view fewer (2017) Intercalated vs Nonintercalated Morphologies in Donor-Acceptor Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: PBTTT:Fullerene Charge Generation and Recombination Revisited. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters , 8 (17) pp. 4061-4068. 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01571 .
https://ift.tt/2F33XfH
Gasbarri, L; (2017) The Dual Legality of the Rules of International Organizations. International Organizations Law Review , 14 (1) pp. 87-119. 10.1163/15723747-01401003 .
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Brodie, GS; (2016) The translator takes the stage: Clair in Crimp's The City. In: Woods, M, (ed.) Authorizing translation: Literature, theory and translation. (pp. 47-60). Routledge: Abingdon, United Kingdom. Green open access
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Xu, T; Darwazeh, I; (2018) Non-Orthogonal Narrowband Internet of Things: A Design for Saving Bandwidth and Doubling the Number of Connected Devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2825098 . (In press). Green open access
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Gallent, NM; Tewdwr-Jones, M; Hamiduddin, I; (2018) A Century of Rural Planning in England: A Story of Fragmentation, Contestation and Integration. Planum: Journal of Urbanism , 2 (35) pp. 93-106. (In press).
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Iwagami, M; Mansfield, KE; Hayes, JF; Walters, K; Osborn, DPJ; Smeeth, L; Nitsch, D; Iwagami, M; Mansfield, KE; Hayes, JF; Walters, K; Osborn, DPJ; Smeeth, L; Nitsch, D; Tomlinson, LA; - view fewer (2018) Severe mental illness and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom. Clinical Epidemiology , 10 pp. 421-429. 10.2147/CLEP.S154841 . (In press). Green open access
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Kumaran, N; Michaelides, M; Smith, AJ; Ali, RR; Bainbridge, JWB; (2018) Retinal gene therapy. British Medical Bulletin 10.1093/bmb/ldy005 . (In press).
https://ift.tt/2F2Z06K
Vilalta, H; (2018) 1971: A Year in the Life of Color. CAA Reviews 10.3202/caa.reviews.2018.120 . Green open access
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Eldholm, V; Pettersson, JH-O; Brynildsrud, OB; Kitchen, A; Rasmussen, EM; Lillebaek, T; Ronning, JO; ... Balloux, F; + view all Eldholm, V; Pettersson, JH-O; Brynildsrud, OB; Kitchen, A; Rasmussen, EM; Lillebaek, T; Ronning, JO; Crudu, V; Mengshoel, AT; Debech, N; Alfsnes, K; Bohlin, J; Pepperell, CS; Balloux, F; - view fewer (2016) Armed conflict and population displacement as drivers of the evolution and dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 113 (48) pp. 13881-13886. 10.1073/pnas.1611283113 . Green open access
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Sandeep, CS; Todisco, MC; Nardelli, V; Coop, MR; Senetakis, K; (2018) A micro-mechanical experimental study of highly/completely decomposed tuff granules. Acta Geotechnica (In press).
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Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): M.-H. Jegou, E. Lorier-Roy
IntroductionLa maladie de Paget mammaire est rare. Elle est exceptionnelle sur sein surnuméraire, où son diagnostic est retardé par méconnaissance de la pathologie du sein ectopique et défaut d'explorations. À partir d'un cas clinique original, nous faisons le point clinique sur le sein ectopique et ses carcinomes, dont la maladie de Paget.ObservationUne femme de 44 ans signalait depuis quelques mois une douleur dans la zone d'un sein surnuméraire. Une exploration par échographie était normale, mais la symptomatologie inexpliquée conduisait à proposer une exérèse. Celle ci était en faveur d'une maladie de Paget strictement intra-épidermique de 2 millimètres, non associée à un carcinome sous-jacent. La patiente était traitée par exérèse élargie. Une surveillance à un an ne montrait pas de récidive.DiscussionLe sein ectopique, présent dans 6 % de la population, est un « laissé pour compte », alors qu'il peut avoir les mêmes pathologies que le sein anatomique : il est à l'origine de 0,6 % des cancers mammaires. La maladie de Paget est un adénocarcinome in situ rare, représentant moins de 3 % des cancers mammaires. Elle est exceptionnelle sur sein ectopique ; nous en rapportons ici le quatrième cas publié. L'originalité de notre observation tient à l'absence de signe clinique objectif à l'inspection. Des symptômes subjectifs localisés au sein surnuméraire, tels que douleur, picotements, sensations de brûlure ou de prurit, doivent être pris en compte pour permettre un diagnostic précoce de la maladie de Paget. L'échographie et la mammographie sont souvent pris en défaut. L'imagerie en résonance magnétique (IRM) peut être une bonne indication, mais n'est pas un examen de routine. L'avenir pourrait être au dépistage par microscopie confocale sur les seins ectopiques avec plaque aréolo-mamelonnaire, car cette technique peut permettre de visualiser les cellules de Paget et leur organisation.BackgroundPaget's disease of the breast is rare, even more so when it occurs in a supernumerary breast since diagnosis is delayed due to lack of exploration and ignorance of the pathology of ectopic breast. Based on an original clinical case, we provide a clinical update concerning ectopic breast and ectopic carcinoma, including Paget's disease.Patients and methodsA 44-year-old woman had complained of pain in the area of her supernumerary breast for several months. The ultrasound examination was normal but the unexplained symptoms led to performance of an excision biopsy of the lesion. This showed strictly intra-epidermal Paget's disease measuring 2mm, without any underlying carcinoma. A wider excision was performed. Follow-up at one year showed no recurrence.DiscussionAn ectopic breast, present in 6 % of the population, is often ignored, despite being subject to the same diseases as anatomical breasts: it is at the origin of 0.6 % of breast cancers. Paget's disease is a rare in situ adenocarcinoma comprising fewer than 3 % of cases of breast cancer. It is extremely rare in ectopic breast. Ours is only the fourth reported case in the literature. This case is original because of the lack of objective clinical signs. Subjective symptoms such as pain, tingling, burning sensation and pruritus related to the supernumerary breast must be taken into consideration in order to enable early diagnosis of Paget's disease. Exploration by ultrasound and mammography generally appears flawed. Breast MRI may be useful but is not performed routinely. A promising future approach may consist of confocal microscopy screening of all ectopic breasts with areola or nipple patches, since this method enables the visualization of Paget cells and their organization.
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