Sentinel lymph node biopsy for head and neck mucosal cancers - an update on the current evidence.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for head and neck mucosal cancers - an update on the current evidence.

Oral Dis. 2016 Mar 7;

Authors: Green B, Blythe JN, Brennan PA

Abstract
Regional metastases are a prominent feature of mucosal-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and are an important prognostic factor. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is one modality that has potential to add to the accuracy of neck staging, though it is currently not used as widely in the head and neck as it is in other areas such as breast cancer. We review the efficacy of SLNB in head and neck mucosal squamous cell carcinomas and provide an overview of current practice and include details of technical advances. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 26948863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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An increased prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis in major Chinese cities from 2005 to 2011.

An increased prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis in major Chinese cities from 2005 to 2011.

Allergy. 2016 Mar 7;

Authors: Wang X, Zheng M, Lou H, Wang C, Zhang Y, Bo M, Ge S, Zhang N, Zhang L, Bachert C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased worldwide in recent decades. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of self-reported AR and profiles of AR-related comorbidities in the adult population of China over time.
METHODS: This study surveyed residents of 18 major cities in mainland China. Telephone interviews were conducted with study participants after sampling target telephone numbers by random digital dialing. The questions asked during telephone interviews were based on those included in validated questionnaires, and focused on topics regarding allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, acute/chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis.
RESULTS: During 2011, a total of 47,216 telephone interviews were conducted, and the overall response rate was 77.5%. When compared with the AR prevalence in 11 cities surveyed in 2005, there was a significant increase in self-reported adult AR in eight of those cities (P < 0.01). In 2011, the standardized prevalence of self-reported adult AR in the 18 cities was 17.6%. The concentration of SO2 was positively correlated with the prevalence of AR (r = 0.504, P = 0.033). A multiple regression model showed that the absolute change in household yearly income was significantly associated with the change in prevalence of AR (R(2) = 0.68), after adjusting for PM10 , SO2 , NO2, temperature and humidity. The overall prevalences of NAR, ARS, CRS, asthma, and AD in the general population were 16.4%, 5.4%, 2.1%, 5.8%, and 14%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: During a 6-year period, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of self-reported AR in the general Chinese adult population. The incidence of AR being accompanied by rhinosinusitis, asthma or AD was significantly higher among individuals having self-reported AR compared with the general population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 26948849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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New technique for bloodless surgery to the scalp.

New technique for bloodless surgery to the scalp.

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Mar 2;

Authors: Jolly K, Hammond D, Maher M, Evriviades D

PMID: 26948705 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Laryngeal dysplasia: a prospective cohort study of 70 patients.

Laryngeal dysplasia: a prospective cohort study of 70 patients.

Clin Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 7;

Authors: Yeo JC, Connor KL, Adamson RM

Abstract
Laryngeal dysplasia is a poorly understood pre-malignant condition that requires diligent surveillance, to ensure timely diagnosis and optimal management. A dedicated laryngeal dysplasia clinic provides a platform for regular surveillance of these patients and for prospective data analysis. Our follow-up strategy is different to the recommendations from the ENT-UK consensus document on laryngeal dysplasia but appears to be a reasonable approach. The clinical appearance of the laryngeal lesion, histological grade of dysplasia and continual exposure to risk factors are factors in determining decision making for follow-up and re-biopsy. Multi-centre prospective collection of data and analysis of outcomes will provide evidence for best practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 26948695 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A machine learning approach to the accurate prediction of multi-leaf collimator positional errors.

A machine learning approach to the accurate prediction of multi-leaf collimator positional errors.

Phys Med Biol. 2016 Mar 7;61(6):2514-2531

Authors: Carlson JN, Park JM, Park SY, Park JI, Choi Y, Ye SJ

Abstract
Discrepancies between planned and delivered movements of multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) are an important source of errors in dose distributions during radiotherapy. In this work we used machine learning techniques to train models to predict these discrepancies, assessed the accuracy of the model predictions, and examined the impact these errors have on quality assurance (QA) procedures and dosimetry. Predictive leaf motion parameters for the models were calculated from the plan files, such as leaf position and velocity, whether the leaf was moving towards or away from the isocenter of the MLC, and many others. Differences in positions between synchronized DICOM-RT planning files and DynaLog files reported during QA delivery were used as a target response for training of the models. The final model is capable of predicting MLC positions during delivery to a high degree of accuracy. For moving MLC leaves, predicted positions were shown to be significantly closer to delivered positions than were planned positions. By incorporating predicted positions into dose calculations in the TPS, increases were shown in gamma passing rates against measured dose distributions recorded during QA delivery. For instance, head and neck plans with 1%/2 mm gamma criteria had an average increase in passing rate of 4.17% (SD  =  1.54%). This indicates that the inclusion of predictions during dose calculation leads to a more realistic representation of plan delivery. To assess impact on the patient, dose volumetric histograms (DVH) using delivered positions were calculated for comparison with planned and predicted DVHs. In all cases, predicted dose volumetric parameters were in closer agreement to the delivered parameters than were the planned parameters, particularly for organs at risk on the periphery of the treatment area. By incorporating the predicted positions into the TPS, the treatment planner is given a more realistic view of the dose distribution as it will truly be delivered to the patient.

PMID: 26948678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Proteomic profiling identifies the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) protein as a potential biomarker of metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Proteomic profiling identifies the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) protein as a potential biomarker of metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Amino Acids. 2016 Mar 7;

Authors: Bodnar M, Luczak M, Bednarek K, Szylberg L, Marszalek A, Grenman R, Szyfter K, Jarmuz-Szymczak M, Giefing M

Abstract
Relapse and metastasis are the main causes of unfavorable outcome in head and neck cancers. Whereas, understanding of the molecular background of these processes is far from being complete. Therefore, in this study we aimed to identify potential biomarker candidates of relapse and metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) by combining the 2D electrophoresis based protein screen and immunohistochemical analysis of candidate proteins. We screened three groups of LSCC cell lines derived from primary tumors, recurrent tumors and metastases and identified seven proteins that differed significantly in relative abundance between the analyzed groups. Among the identified proteins were the heat shock proteins HSP60 and HSP70 that were significantly downregulated both in recurrences- and metastases-derived cell lines but not in primary tumor-derived cell lines. Moreover, we identified significant upregulation of the annexin V, calreticulin and the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) exclusively in the metastases-derived cell lines. As these upregulated proteins could potentially become novel biomarkers of metastasis, we have compared their abundance in primary tumor LSCC N(0) cases, primary tumor LSCC N(+) cases as well as in LSCC metastases N(+). Our results show an intense increase of cytoplasmic PPA1 abundance in the N(+) (p = 0.000042) compared to the N(0) group. In summary, we show a group of proteins deregulated in recurrences and metastases of LSCC. Moreover, we suggest the PPA1 protein as a potential new biomarker for metastasis in this cancer.

PMID: 26948660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Maxillary expansion and maxillomandibular expansion for adult OSA: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Maxillary expansion and maxillomandibular expansion for adult OSA: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016 Feb 6;

Authors: Abdullatif J, Certal V, Zaghi S, Song SA, Chang ET, Gillespie MB, Camacho M

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to systematically review the international literature for articles evaluating maxillary expansion and maxillomandibular expansion as treatments for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults and to perform a meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES: Nine databases (including MEDLINE/PubMed).
REVIEW METHODS: Searches were performed through January 8, 2016. The PRISMA statement was followed.
RESULTS: Eight adult studies (39 patients) reported polysomnography and/or sleepiness outcomes. Six studies reported outcomes for maxillary expansion (36 patients), and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from a mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD) of 24.3 ± 27.5 [95% CI 15.3, 33.3] to 9.9 ± 13.7 [95% CI 5.4, 14.4] events/hr (relative reduction: 59.3%). Maxillary expansion improved lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) from a M ± SD of 84.3 ± 8.1% [95% CI 81.7, 87.0] to 86.9 ± 5.6% [95% CI 85.1, 88.7]. Maxillomandibular expansion was reported in two studies (3 patients) and AHI decreased from a M ± SD of 47.53 ± 29.81 [95% CI -26.5 to 121.5] to 10.7 ± 3.2 [95% CI 2.8, 18.6] events/hr (relative reduction: 77.5%). Maxillomandibular expansion improved LSAT from a M ± SD of 76.7 ± 14.5% [95% CI 40.7, 112.7] to 89.3 ± 3.1 [95% CI 81.6, 97].
CONCLUSION: The current literature demonstrates that maxillary expansion can improve and maxillomandibular expansion can possibly improve AHI and LSAT in adults; however, given the paucity of studies, these remain open for additional research efforts.

PMID: 26948172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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