Liposarcoma

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
Author(s): Aimee M. Crago, Mark A. Dickson

Teaser

There are 3 biologic groups of liposarcoma: well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. In all 3 groups, complete surgical resection is central in treatment aimed at cure and is based on grade. Radiation can reduce risk of local recurrence in high-grade lesions or minimize surgical morbidity in the myxoid/round cell liposarcoma group. The groups differ in chemosensitivity, so adjuvant chemotherapy is selectively used in histologies with metastatic potential but not in the resistant subtype dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Improved understanding of the genetic aberrations that lead to liposarcoma initiation is allowing for the rapid development of targeted therapies for liposarcoma.


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Acute pancreatitis: An unusual cause of esophageal stricture

A 25 year-old gentleman with alcohol related acute pancreatitis of 2 month-duration was symptomatic with abdominal pain and fever. Initially, the patient had required admission in ICU for persistent acute lung injury and was diagnosed to have severe acute pancreatitis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen revealed acute necrotizing pancreatitis with peri-pancreatic necrotic collection extending into left paracolic gutter with air foci. He received intravenous meropenem for pancreatic infection, proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis and received percutaneous drain as part of step-up approach.

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The price of target dose uniformity

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): David Craft, Fazal Khan, Michael Young, Thomas Bortfeld




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Upregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG18 promotes radioresistance of glioma by repressing Sema5A

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): R. Zheng, Q.W. Yao, C. Ren, Y. Liu, H.L. Yang, G.Z. Xie, S.S. Du, K.J. Yang, Y.W. Yuan
Although there is increasing evidence that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, little is known about the role of small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 (SNHG18) in cancer. This study investigated the clinical associations of SNHG18 and its role in glioma. Our results showed that the expression level of SNHG18 was remarkably up-regulated in clinical glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues.SNHG18 expression was associated with the clinical tumor grade and was negatively correlated with IDH1 mutation. In addition, knockdown of SNHG18 with short hairpin RNA suppressed the radioresistance of glioma cells, whereas transgenic expression of SNHG18 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, xenograft tumors grown from cells with SNHG18 deletion were more radiosensitive than tumors grown from control cells. Further studies revealed that SNHG18 promotes radioresistance by inhibiting Sema5A, and that inhibition of Sema5A expression abrogated the radiosensitizing effect caused by SNHG18 deletion. Our findings provide new insights into the role of SNHG18 in glioma, and suggest its potential as a target for glioma therapy.

Teaser

SNHG18 is significantly up-regulated in clinical glioma tissues and is negatively associated with Sema5A expression. Inhibition of SNHG18 is able to suppress glioma cell radioresistance. The promotion effect of SNHG18 deletion in radiosensitivity was rescued by suppression of Sema5A.


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Serum lipidomics analysis of ovariectomized rats under Curcuma comosa treatment

Publication date: 4 November 2016
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 192
Author(s): Nawaporn Vinayavekhin, Jetjamnong Sueajai, Nichaboon Chaihad, Ratchanee Panrak, Ratchanaporn Chokchaisiri, Polkit Sangvanich, Apichart Suksamrarn, Pawinee Piyachaturawat
Ethnopharmacological relevanceCurcuma comosa Roxb. (C. comosa) or Wan Chak Motluk, Zingiberaceae family, has been used in Thai traditional medicine for the treatment of gynecological problems and inflammation.Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of C. comosa by determining the changes in the lipid profiles in the ovariectomized rats, as a model of estrogen-deficiency-induced hyperlipidemia, after treatment with different components of C. comosa using an untargeted lipidomics approach.Materials and methodsLipids were extracted from the serum of adult female rats subjected to a sham operation (SHAM; control), ovariectomy (OVX), or OVX with 12-week daily doses of estrogen (17β-estradiol; E2), (3R)-1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (DPHD; a phytoestrogen from C. comosa), powdered C. comosa rhizomes or its crude ethanol extract. They were then analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, characterized, and subjected to the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis statistical model to identify tentative biomarkers.ResultsLevels of five classes of lipids (ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate, sphingomyelin, 1-O-alkenyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine) were elevated in the OVX rats compared to those in the SHAM rats, while the monoacylglycerols and triacylglycerols were decreased. The E2 treatment only reversed the levels of ceramides, whereas treatments with DPHD, C. comosa extract or powder returned the levels of all upregulated lipids back to those in the SHAM control rats.ConclusionsThe findings suggest the potential beneficial effects of C. comosa on preventing the increased ceramide levels in OVX rats, a possible cause of metabolic disturbance under estrogen deficiency. Overall, the results demonstrated the power of untargeted lipidomics in discovering disease-relevant biomarkers, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of treatment by C. comosa components (DPHD, extract or powder) as utilized in Thai traditional medicine, and also providing scientific support for its folklore use.

Graphical abstract

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Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

An EEG experimental protocol is designed to clarify the interplay between conscious and non-conscious representations of emotional faces in patients with Asperger's syndrome. The technique suggests that patients with Asperger's syndrome have deficits in non-conscious representation of emotional faces, but have comparable performance in conscious representation with healthy controls.

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Effect of Interferon-γ on the Basal and the TNFα-Stimulated Secretion of CXCL8 in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines Bearing Either the RET/PTC Rearrangement Or the BRAF V600e Mutation

CXCL8 displays several tumor-promoting effects. Targeting and/or lowering CXCL8 concentrations within the tumor microenvironment would produce a therapeutic benefit. Aim of this study was to test the effect of IFNγ on the basal and TNFα-stimulated secretion of CXCL8 in TCP-1 and BCPAP thyroid cancer cell lines (harboring RET/PTC rearrangement and BRAF V600e mutation, resp.). Cells were incubated with IFNγ (1, 10, 100, and 1000 U/mL) alone or in combination with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours. CXCL8 and CXCL10 concentrations were measured in the cell supernatants. IFNγ inhibited in a dose-dependent and significant manner both the basal (ANOVA F: 22.759; ) and the TNFα-stimulated (ANOVA F: 15.309; ) CXCL8 secretions in BCPAP but not in TPC-1 cells (NS). On the other hand, IFNγ and IFNγ + TNF-α induced a significant secretion of CXCL10 in both BCPAP () and TPC-1 () cells. Transwell migration assay showed that (i) CXCL8 increased cell migration in both TPC-1 and BCPAP cells; (ii) IFNγ significantly reduced the migration only of BCPAP cells; and (iii) CXCL8 reverted the effect of IFNγ. These results constitute the first demonstration that IFNγ inhibits CXCL8 secretion and in turn the migration of a BRAF V600e mutated thyroid cell line.

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