ACACES 2016 poster abstracts

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The interpersonal function of pain: conserving multiple resources

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Dyscalculie, wat was dat ook weer?

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Heat treatment, microstructure and properties of 75Cr1 steel, for use in heavy loaded elements

This study aims to optimize the heat treatment of tool steel 75Cr1 which is used for heavy loaded elements in transmissions. A salt bath was used to quench and temper the steel at different temperatures. Mechanical tests and microstructural characterization were done to define the heat treatment parameters corresponding to the optimal performance of the elements. Optical microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure, while tensile tests and toughness tests were employed to determine the mechanical properties after different heat treatments. It was found that the yield strength decreases with increasing annealing temperature and that the toughness decreases with increasing annealing time and temperature. The changes of the mechanical properties are discussed in relation with the thermal treatment and the corresponding microstructures.

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A novel method for the measurement of accurate degenerative chain transfer coefficients: proof of concept and experimental validation

A novel method is presented to determine transfer coefficients in degenerative reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization from experimental dispersity data. Both the exchange reactivity with the small RAFT agent (CTA; C-tr,C-0) and the macro-RAFT agent (C-tr) can be measured at specific monomer conversions. The method is able to capture for the first time a possible intrinsic or apparent chain length dependency of C-tr(0) or thus the RAFT addition rate coefficient, an outstanding challenge in the mechanistic understanding of RAFT polymerization up to high monomer conversion. In its development stage, the method has been theoretically evaluated via the simulation of test cases in the absence and presence of artificial error. Experimental data at 353 K for azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) initiated RAFT polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with cyano-2-propyl dithiobenzoate (CPDB) as a small RAFT agent are successfully analyzed with the novel method. A highly accurate value of 20 is obtained for the exchange with CPDB. For the RAFT exchange with the macro-RAFT agent, an approximate but higher value of 76 is obtained and no chain length dependency is detected. The method is implemented in a spreadsheet, including a step by step explanation of the input parameters.

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Optimizing practical orienteering problems with stochastic time-dependent travel times: towards congestion free routes

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Evaluation of acute Ni bioavailability models for model and non-model species

An 'average animal' bioavailability model and an 'average Crustacean' BLM for predicting acute Ni toxicity to vertebrate and invertebrate species was developed. The 'average animal' model was based on a weighted average of the existing invertebrate (D. magna, C. dubia and D. pulex BLMs) and vertebrate (fish model) bioavailability models. The developed 'average animal' bioavailability model has a log-linear pH effect (SpH=0.162) which is superimposed on a classic BLM-type Ca2+ and Mg2+ competition effect. The 'average Crustacean' model was based on a arithmetic average of the existing invertebrate BLMs (D. magna, C. dubia and D. pulex BLMs). The developed 'average Crustacean' BLM has a classic BLM-type structure with a Ca2+ and Mg2+ competition effect. The 'average animal' model and the 'average Crustacean' BLM were shown to accurately predict acute Ni toxicity for 5 invertebrate species. Furthermore, the models predicted Ni toxicity to L. minor more accurate than the existing algae models. The 'average animal' model predicted also acute Ni toxicity to 2 vertebrate species with reasonable accuracy. Therefore, these models can both be used to normalize Ni toxicity data of animals in risk assessment procedures. The 'average Crustacean' BLM, however, depicts the effect of pH on acute Ni toxicity to daphnids better than the 'average animal' bioavailability model.

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