HIF-1α, MDM2, CDK4, and p16 expression in ischemic fasciitis, focusing on its ischemic condition

Abstract

Ischemic fasciitis is a benign myofibroblastic lesion, occurring in the sacral region or proximal thigh of elderly or bedridden individuals. The pathogenesis of ischemic fasciitis is thought to be based on ischemic condition; however, it has never been demonstrated. In this study, we examined the expression of ischemia-associated proteins in ischemic fasciitis by immunohistochemical and genetic methods. Specifically, this study aimed to reveal the expression of HIF-1α, MDM2, CDK4, p16, and gene amplification of MDM2 gene. Seven cases of ischemic fasciitis from among the soft-tissue tumors registered at our institution were retrieved. Histopathological findings were as follows: poorly demarcated nodular masses, a proliferation of spindle-shaped fibroblastic or myofibroblastic cells with oval nuclei and eosinophilic or pale cytoplasm, zonal fibrinous deposition, pseudocystic degeneration, granulation-like proliferation of capillary vessels, ganglion-like cells, myxoid or hyalinized stroma, and chronic inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were positive for HIF-1α (7/7 cases), MDM2 (4/7 cases), CDK4 (4/7 cases), p16 (7/7 cases), p53 (2/7 case), cyclin D1 (7/7 cases), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (6/7 cases). Neither MDM2 gene amplification nor USP6 gene split signal was detected in any case. Overexpression of the above proteins may be associated with the pathogenic mechanism of ischemic fasciitis. It is noted that the immunohistochemical positivity of MDM2, CDK4, and p16 do not necessarily indicate malignant neoplasm such as dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

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A rare mutation in the F12 gene in a patient with ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema

Publication date: Available online 5 May 2017
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Camila Lopes Veronez, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, João Bosco Pesquero




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Inadequacy of current pediatric epinephrine autoinjector needle length for use in infants and toddlers

Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Harold Kim, Chitra Dinakar, Paul McInnis, Dan Rudin, Xavier Benain, William Daley, Elke Platz
BackgroundEpinephrine injection represents the standard of care for anaphylaxis treatment. It is most effective if delivered intramuscularly, whereas inadvertent intraosseous injection may be harmful. The needle length in current pediatric epinephrine autoinjectors (EAIs) is 12.7 mm; however, the ideal needle length for infants and toddlers weighing less than 15 kg is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the skin-to-bone distance (STBD) and skin-to-muscle distance (STMD) at baseline and after simulated EAI application in infants and toddlers (weighing 7.5–15 kg).MethodsStudy participants recruited from 2 North American allergy clinics underwent baseline and compression (10-lb pressure) ultrasonography of the anterolateral thigh with a modified ultrasound transducer mimicking the footprint and maximum pressure application of an EAI device. Ultrasound images, with clinical data masked, were analyzed offline for STBD and STMD in short-axis approach.ResultsOf 53 infants (mean age, 18.9 months; 54.7% male; 81.1% white; mean weight, 11.0 kg), 51 had adequate images for short-axis STBD measurements. In these infants, the mean (SD) baseline STBD was 22.4 (3.8 mm), and the mean (SD) STMD was 7.9 (1.7) mm. With 10-lb compression, the mean (SD) STBD was 13.3 (2.1) mm, and the mean (SD) STMD was 6.3 (1.2) mm. An EAI with a needle length of 12.7 mm applying 10-lb pressure could strike the bone in 43.1% of infants and toddlers in this cohort.ConclusionOur data suggest that the optimal EAI needle length for infants and toddlers weighing 7.5 to 15 kg should be shorter than the needle length in currently available pediatric EAIs to avoid accidental intraosseous injections.



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Re-thinking the Migration of Cariban-Speakers from the Middle Orinoco River to North-Central Venezuela (AD 800)

Abstract

Moving back in time from the early colonial to the late pre-colonial period we evaluate the hypothesis asserting the migratory movement of Cariban-speaking groups from the Middle Orinoco River area towards north-central Venezuela. The explanation in vogue maintains that the migration followed fluvial routes and occurred between 1350 and 1150 BP (AD 600–800). We examine archaeological, linguistic, ethnohistorical, genetic, and ecological data seeking similarities between the Orinoco emigrants and their north-central Venezuelan descendants. As a result, we propose an alternative terrestrial/fluvial route and suggest these events occurred between 1150 and 1050 BP (AD 800–900). The route first proceeded upstream along rivers of the central llanos and later followed a natural terrestrial geomorphological corridor into the Lake Valencia Basin. We argue that, while future interdisciplinary (especially archaeo-linguistic and bioarchaeological) research is needed to further assess the results of these analyses, the Orinocan descendants in north-central Venezuela emerge as one of the most dynamic sociopolitical Cariban-speaking entities in all northeastern South America and the insular Caribbean on the eve of the European Conquest.

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Nocturnal sleep architecture is altered by sleep bruxism

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 81
Author(s): Marcelo Palinkas, Marisa Semprini, João Espir Filho, Graziela de Luca Canto, Isabela Hallak Regalo, César Bataglion, Laíse Angélica Mendes Rodrigues, Selma Siéssere, Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo
ObjectiveSleep is a complex behaviour phenomenon essential for physical and mental health and for the body to restore itself. It can be affected by structural alterations caused by sleep bruxism. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of sleep bruxism on the sleep architecture parameters proposed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.DesignThe sample comprised 90 individuals, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, divided into two groups: with sleep bruxism (n=45) and without sleep bruxism (n=45). The individuals were paired by age, gender and body mass index: a polysomnography was performed at night.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between (P≤0.05) individuals with sleep bruxism and individuals without sleep bruxism during total sleep time (P=0.00), non-rapid eye movement (NREM) total sleep time (P=0.03), NREM sleep time stage 3 (P=0.03), NREM sleep latency (P=0.05), sleep efficiency (P=0.05), and index of microarousals (P=0.04).ConclusionsSleep bruxism impairs the architecture of nocturnal sleep, interfering with total sleep time, NREM sleep latency, and sleep efficiency.



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Is caffeic acid phenethyl ester more protective than doxycycline in experimental periodontitis?

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 81
Author(s): Umut Yiğit, Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu, Abdülhadi Cihangir Uğuz, Mustafa Nazıroğlu, Özlem Özmen
Background and objectivesHost modulation therapies (anti-inflammatory drugs, bone-stimulating agents, anti-proteinase etc.) target the inhibition or stabilization of tissue breakdown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and/or low dose doxycycline (LDD) administrations on alveolar bone loss (ABL), serum cytokines and gingival apoptosis, as well as the levels of oxidants and anti-oxidants in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.Material and methodsThe animals were randomly divided into five groups: Group C (periodontally healthy), Group PC (Periodontitis+CAPE), Group PD (Periodontitis+LDD), Group PCD (Periodontitis+CAPE+LDD), Group P (Periodontitis). Experimental periodontitis was induced for 14days. Levels of ABL, and the serum cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-10 were assessed as were the levels of the oxidants and anti-oxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and levels of gingival apoptosis.ResultsThe lowest ABL levels was evident in the PC group, among the experimental groups. There was also less inflammatory infiltration in the PC group than the PD group. IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were lower in the PC group and higher in the P group in comparison to the levels in the other experiment groups. TNF-α levels in the PD group were higher than levels in the PC and PCD groups. The PC and PCD groups did not differ from the C group in regard to MDA levels. The highest GSH-Px level was found in the PC group. Gingival apoptosis in the PC group was not only lower than the PD and PCD groups, but also lower than in the C group.ConclusionThe present study suggests that CAPE has more anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects than LDD, with no additive benefits of a CAPE+LDD combination being evident in rats with periodontitis.



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Influence of masticatory function, dental caries and socioeconomic status on the body mass index of preschool children

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 81
Author(s): Maria Eliza Soares, Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge, Bruna Mota de Alencar, Simone Gomes Oliveira, Luciano José Pereira, Joana Ramos-Jorge
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of masticatory function, dental caries and socioeconomic status on the body mass index (BMI) of preschool children.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 285 children aged three to five years allocated to three groups based on the BMI: underweight, ideal weight and overweight/obesity. Socioeconomic status was determined based on the responses of parents/caregivers to a specific form. Cavitated lesions were diagnosed using the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Masticatory function was assessed based on masticatory performance (MP) and the swallowing threshold (ST), which were evaluated based on the results of a test food. Data analysis involved the employment of the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests as well as simple and multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsIn the final multiple regression model, BMI was influenced by monthly household income (β=0.234; 95%CI: 1.014 to 1.647), number of cavitated teeth (β=−0.180; 95%CI: −0.293 to −0.054) and X50 of the ST (β=0.304; 95%CI: 0.213–0.498).ConclusionChildren whose food test resulted in large particles and those from families with a higher monthly income had a higher BMI. Children with a greater number of teeth with cavitated dental caries had a lower BMI.



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