Relevance of Lipophilic Allergens in Food Allergy Diagnosis

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to provide available data on a new class of allergens, the oleosins, and their diagnostic value. There is evidence that allergen extracts used for in vivo as well as in vitro diagnostic tests do not contain oleosins because these proteins are lipophilic and nearly insoluble in saline or aqueous solutions. So far, only oleosins of peanut, sesame and hazelnut have been registered as allergens. Reports on IgE-binding tests performed with oleosins of different species with sera from allergic patients show that IgE specific for oleosins are associated with severe allergic reactions which is why they should be part of the diagnostic tests in the future.

Recent Findings

Recent findings showed that oleosins purified from in shell-roasted peanuts revealed a higher IgE-binding capacity when compared to raw ones. Naturally purified as well as recombinantly produced peanut oleosins can be used in basophil activation test.

Summary

The synopsis of all reports on different thermal processing of several oleosin sources and the respective data obtained with patients sera investigated via immunoblot and basophil activation test points to the recommendation that—if naturally purified oleosins are used, they should mostly be obtained from roasted food allergen sources. For immunoblot and basophil activation test, both, naturally purified oleosins as well as recombinant modified oleosins are valuable diagnostic tools.

http://ift.tt/2vO43Ij

Relevance of Lipophilic Allergens in Food Allergy Diagnosis

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to provide available data on a new class of allergens, the oleosins, and their diagnostic value. There is evidence that allergen extracts used for in vivo as well as in vitro diagnostic tests do not contain oleosins because these proteins are lipophilic and nearly insoluble in saline or aqueous solutions. So far, only oleosins of peanut, sesame and hazelnut have been registered as allergens. Reports on IgE-binding tests performed with oleosins of different species with sera from allergic patients show that IgE specific for oleosins are associated with severe allergic reactions which is why they should be part of the diagnostic tests in the future.

Recent Findings

Recent findings showed that oleosins purified from in shell-roasted peanuts revealed a higher IgE-binding capacity when compared to raw ones. Naturally purified as well as recombinantly produced peanut oleosins can be used in basophil activation test.

Summary

The synopsis of all reports on different thermal processing of several oleosin sources and the respective data obtained with patients sera investigated via immunoblot and basophil activation test points to the recommendation that—if naturally purified oleosins are used, they should mostly be obtained from roasted food allergen sources. For immunoblot and basophil activation test, both, naturally purified oleosins as well as recombinant modified oleosins are valuable diagnostic tools.

http://ift.tt/2vO43Ij

Skin signs of primary immunodeficiencies – how to find the genes to check

Abstract

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that result from defects in immune system development and/or function. The clinical manifestations of PIDs are highly variable, but most disorders involve at least an increased susceptibility to infection. Furthermore, cutaneous manifestations are very common in PIDs. As an easy accessible organ, skin canbecrucial for early diagnosis and treatment. This is relevant for preventing significant disease-associated morbidity and mortality.We provide a table, which enables the reader to find the possible diseases and according gene defects based on the skin manifestations of the suspectedPIDs. To our knowledge, this is the first review that allows finding relevant PIDs and the respective gene defects through solitary or combined skin signs.

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Comment on “Effects of Helicobacter pylori treatment on rosacea: A single-arm clinical trial study”

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Clear cell sarcoma of the scalp: A case report

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Clinical efficacy and safety of benzoyl peroxide for acne vulgaris: Comparison between Japanese and Western patients

Abstract

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has been well established as a common medication for acne vulgaris in many countries (e.g. in Europe and the USA), where clinical data have been accumulated over a long time. In Japan, the use of BPO for acne treatment was approved in 2014, and the results of clinical trials in Japanese patients have recently been reported. This review compares clinical study results between Japanese and Western patients. Clinical studies that had been performed in Western countries were searched on the basis of the criteria, double-blind studies of BPO monotherapy and comparison with a vehicle group. Two reports of Japanese studies were also selected by using the same criteria. Efficacy was assessed by comparing the mean difference between the BPO and the vehicle groups for reduction rate in the number of lesions from baseline, and there were no differences between Japanese and Western patients. Safety assessment also showed that the incidence of adverse events was higher in Japanese patients than in Western patients, but the characteristics of the adverse events were not different. Therefore, we conclude that there are no significant differences in the efficacy and safety of BPO between these patient populations. The efficacy and safety of long-term use in Japanese patients are also expected to be applicable to those in Western patients.

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Comment on “Effects of Helicobacter pylori treatment on rosacea: A single-arm clinical trial study”

http://ift.tt/2unZOTp