Japanese case of Bothnian‐type palmoplantar keratoderma with a novel missense mutation of p.Trp35Ser in extracellular loop A of aquaporin‐5

The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2BPaQ8m

Onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus subramanianii

The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2PFi0yM

Case of adult‐onset Still's disease with psoriasiform eruptions

The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2NhItAJ

Testimony of an Ethiopian girl sexually assaulted by her stepfather: a case report

The sensitiveness and stigma associated with sexual assault deter many victims from speaking about their experiences. This silence of victims worsens the problem, especially in patriarchal communities like Eth...

https://ift.tt/2BTZlMC

Treatment of Genital Psoriasis: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Genital psoriasis affects approximately 63% of psoriasis patients at least once in their lifetime. More than any other area on the body, genital lesions significantly impair patients' psychologic well-being and quality of life. We aimed to systematically review the published evidence on the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of treatments of genital psoriasis and synthesize the available clinical data. A total of 1 randomized controlled trial, 11 open-label studies, and 26 case reports were included in our analysis, representing a total of 458 patients, of which 332 were adults and 126 were children. Topical corticosteroids were commonly used first-line for genital psoriasis and were well tolerated. Nonsteroidal agents, such as topical calcineurin inhibitors or vitamin D analogs, were also efficacious, but were often irritating. One systemic agent, ixekizumab, demonstrated efficacy in reducing genital psoriasis symptoms in a large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Various systemic and topical medications may improve genital psoriasis lesions, but there is a lack of high-quality evidence to guide clinical decision-making. Specific reporting of efficacy for genital psoriasis in larger controlled studies of psoriasis treatments are necessary to improve the available evidence regarding the optimal treatment regimen for genital psoriasis.

https://ift.tt/2oanBAu

New Animal Model of Extrinsic Dental Erosion—Erosive Effect on the Mouse Molar Teeth

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Amela Tulek, Muhammad Saeed, Aida Mulic, Kjersti Refsholt Stenhagen, Tor Paaske Utheim, Hilde Kanli Galtung, Cuong Khuu, Minou Nirvani, Marthe Smedmoen Kristiansen, Amer Sehic

Abstract

Objective

Consumption of acidic food and drinks is considered as important risk factor for development of dental erosion. There are severalin vitro and in situ studies focusing on the risk indicators and preventive treatment, however, the need for a standardized animal model has been emphasised for many years. The aim was to establish an animal model of extrinsic dental erosion, which may serve as a standard for future studies to improve our understanding of the erosion.

Design

Two acidic drinks, sports drink and cola drink, were given to young mice for six weeks. Experimental and control (water) molars and incisors were dissected out and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mandibular first molars were subsequently ground transversely and observed again by SEM. The tooth height and enamel thickness were measured on the SEM images.

Results

The lingual surface of the mandibular molars was most eroded after consumption of acidic drinks. The cola drink exhibited higher erosive effect on mandibular molars compared to sports drink. The lingual tooth height, compared to control, was about 34% and 18% lower in the cola drink and sports drink molars, respectively. Compared to the control molars, the lingual enamel was about 23% thinner in the sports drink molars and totally eroded on the certain lingual areas of the cola drink molars.

Conclusions

This new animal model of extrinsic dental erosion and the presented method with ground molars observed in SEM are suitable for further studies, which will gain deeper insights into the erosive disease.

https://ift.tt/2o9LfgJ

Platycarya strobilacea leaf extract inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α production and bone loss induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Joo-Hee Lee, Hyungkeun Kim, Jae Hoon Shim, Junhee Park, Sun Kyoung Lee, Kwang-Kyun Park, Won-Yoon Chung

Abstract

Objective

Remodeling of alveolar bone is controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-induced bone formation. LPS of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major causative agent of periodontitis, produces proinflammatory cytokines in host immune cells, which thereby triggers osteoclastogenesis and leads to alveolar bone resorption. We investigated the anti-periodontitis potential of Platycarya strobilacea leaf extract (PLE), which is used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries.

Design

TNF-α levels in cell culture media were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Osteoclast differentiation was observed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and the expression levels of osteoclastogenic genes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Bone-resorbing activity was confirmed by the resorption pit formation, gelatin zymographic, and the cathepsin K activity assays. Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed with an ALP activity assay and alizarin red S staining.

Results

PLE treatment inhibited the production of TNF-α inP. gingivalis LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In bone marrow-derived macrophages serving as osteoclast precursors, PLE treatment blocked RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and gene expression levels of the osteoclastogenic transcription factor NFATc1, DC-STAMP for osteoclast fusion, and cathepsin K for osteoclast activity. In addition, PLE treatment reduced the formation of resorption pits and the secretion of MMP 9 and cathepsin K from the differentiated osteoclasts. Furthermore, PLE treatment induced osteogenesis by increasing ALP activity and calcium content in preosteoblastic cells.

Conclusion

PLE inhibitsP. gingivalis LPS-induced TNF-α production and bone resorption and induces bone formation. PLE may be a beneficial agent to promote oral health by inhibiting periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss.

https://ift.tt/2BLPrg7