MdRDH1, a HSP67B2-like rhodanese homologue plays a positive role in maintaining redox balance in Musca domestica

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 107

Author(s): Ting Tang, Hehe Sun, Yongbao Li, Peiru Chen, Fengsong Liu

Abstract

Rhodanese homology domains (RHODs) are the structural modules of ubiquitous tertiary that occur in three major evolutionary phyla. Despite the versatile and important physiological functions of RHODs containing proteins, little is known about their invertebrate counterparts. A novel HSP67B2-like single-domain rhodanese homologue, MdRDH1 from Musca domestica, whose expression can be induced by bacterial infection or oxidative stress. Silencing MdRDH1 through RNAi causes important accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increases mortality in the larvae treated with bacterial invasion. The E. coli with MdRDH1 and the mutant MdRDH1^C135A are transformed, with significant rhodanese activity of the recombinant protein of MdRDH1 in vitro found, without no detection of enzyme activity of the mutant MdRDH1^C135A, revealing that catalytic Cys135 in the active-site loop is essential in the sulfurtransferase activity of MdRDH1. When oxidative stress is insulted by phenazine methosulfate (PMS), the MdRDH1 transformed E. coli shows enhanced survival rates compared with those bacteria transformed with MdRDH1^C135A. Our research indicates that MdRDH1 confers oxidative stress tolerance, thus rendering evidence for the idea that rhodanese family genes play a critical role in antioxidant defenses. This paper yields novel insights into the potential antioxidative and immune functions of HSP67B2-like rhodanese homologues in invertebrate.

http://bit.ly/2WA7VXv

Cockroach allergens – coping with challenging complexity

Publication date: Available online 2 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Robert G. Hamilton, Richard E. Goodman

http://bit.ly/2Tt4hN5

Mining Social Media Data to Assess the Risk of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections from Allergen Immunotherapy

Publication date: Available online 2 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Maxim Topaz, Li Zhou, Tyler Harkness, Roee Sa'adon, Ofrit Bar-Bachar, Aidan A. Long

Abstract

Background

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma is used by 2.6 million Americans annually. Clinical and sterility testing studies identify no risk of contamination or infection from extracts prepared using recommended aseptic techniques, but regulatory concerns persist. Social media can be used to investigate rare adverse effects not captured by traditional studies.

Objective

To investigate large social media databases for suggestion of AIT skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) risk and compare this risk to a comparator procedure with a sterile pharmaceutical.

Methods

We analyzed USA-restricted data from over 10 common text-based social media platforms including Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit between 2012-2016. We employed natural language processing (NLP) to identify posts related to AIT and, separately, Influenza vaccination (comparator procedure). NLP was followed by manual review to identify posts suggesting a possible SSTI associated with either AIT or Influenza vaccination. SSTI frequencies with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared.

Results

We identified 25,126 AIT posts, which were matched by social media platform to 25,126 Influenza vaccination-related posts. NLP identified 4,088 (16.3%) AIT posts that required manual review, with 6 posts (0.02%, 95%CI 0.005% to 0.043%) indicative of possible AIT-related SSTI. NLP identified 2,689 (10.7%) Influenza posts that required manual review, with 7 posts (0.03%, 95%CI 0.007% to 0.048%) indicative of possible Influenza vaccination-related SSTI.

Conclusion

Social media data suggest that SSTI from AIT and Influenza vaccination are equally rare events. Given that AIT's SSTI risk appears comparable to the risk using a sterile pharmaceutical based on social media data, current aseptic technique procedures seem safe.

http://bit.ly/2BjMKjh

Regulation of Ectodomain Shedding of ADAM33 In Vitro and In Vivo

Publication date: Available online 2 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Elizabeth R. Davies, Laura Denney, Marieke Wandel, Clare M. Lloyd, Donna E. Davies, Hans Michael Haitchi

http://bit.ly/2TubjRs

Pediatric Anesthesia: A Problem-Based Learning Approach

No abstract available

http://bit.ly/2WDeE2N

Severe asthma in children: therapeutic considerations

Purpose of review Children with poor asthma control despite maximal maintenance therapy have problematic severe asthma (PSA). A step-wise approach including objective adherence monitoring and a detailed multidisciplinary team assessment to identify modifiable factors contributing to poor control is needed prior to considering therapy escalation. Pathophysiological phenotyping in those with true severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) and the current array of add-on therapies will be discussed. Recent findings Adherence monitoring using electronic devices has shown that only 20–30% of children with PSA have STRA and need additional therapies. Omalizumab and mepolizumab are licensed for children with STRA aged 6 years and older. Although robust safety and efficacy data, with reduced exacerbations, are available for omalizumab, biomarkers predicting response to treatment are lacking. Paediatric safety data are available for mepolizumab, but efficacy data are unknown for those aged 6–11 years and minimal for those 12 years and older. A sub-group of children with STRA have neutrophilia, but the clinical significance and contribution to disease severity remains uncertain. Summary Most children with PSA have steroid sensitive disease which improves with adherence to maintenance inhaled corticosteroids. Add-on therapies are only needed for the minority with STRA. Paediatric efficacy data of novel biologics and biomarkers that identify the optimal add-on for each child are lacking. If we are to progress toward individualized therapy for STRA, pragmatic clinical trials of biologics in accurately phenotyped children are needed. Correspondence to Sejal Saglani, MD, Imperial College London, London, UK. E-mail: s.saglani@imperial.ac.uk Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2Bg2LH5

Sepsis - What's new in 2019?

Purpose of review Sepsis-3 guidelines have implications in a deeper understanding of the biopathology of the disease. Further, the review focuses on timely topics and new literature on fluid resuscitation, the value of steroids in sepsis, and new therapeutic options such as angiotensin II, vitamin C, and thiamine as well as the emerging role of procalcitonin (PCT) in managing antibiotics. Recent findings Traditional therapies such as type of crystalloid fluid administration and steroid therapy for sepsis are currently under re-evaluation. Angiotensin II is investigated for reversing vasodilatory shock. The role of capillary endothelium leak and cellular metabolism can be affected by vitamin C and thiamine levels. Biomarker level trends, specifically PCT, can aid clinical suspicion of infection. Summary Sepsis-3 shifts the focus from a noninfectious inflammatory process and an emphasis on a dysregulated host response to infection. Hyperchloremic crystalloid resuscitation is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Steroid administration can reverse shock physiology; however, mortality benefits remain uncertain. Angiotensin II, vitamin C, and thiamine are novel treatment options that need further validation. PCT assays can help discern between infectious and noninfectious inflammation. Correspondence to Mark E. Nunnally, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA. Tel: +1 (212) 263 5072; e-mail: Mark.Nunnally@nyulangone.org Copyright © 2019 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2MLo7R6