Radiation-induced lung fibrosis in a tumor-bearing mouse model is associated with enhanced Type-2 immunity.

Radiation-induced lung fibrosis in a tumor-bearing mouse model is associated with enhanced Type-2 immunity.

J Radiat Res. 2015 Dec 24;

Authors: Chen J, Wang Y, Mei Z, Zhang S, Yang J, Li X, Yao Y, Xie C

Abstract
Lung fibrosis may be associated with Type-2 polarized inflammation. Herein, we aim to investigate whether radiation can initiate a Type-2 immune response and contribute to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in tumor-bearing animals. We developed a tumor-bearing mouse model with Lewis lung cancer to receive either radiation therapy alone or radiation combined with Th1 immunomodulator unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN). The Type-2 immune phenotype in tumors and the histological grade of lung fibrosis were evaluated in mice sacrificed three weeks after irradiation. Mouse lung tissues were analyzed for hydroxyproline and the expression of Type-1/Type-2 key transcription factors (T-bet/GATA-3). The concentration of Type-1/Type-2 cytokines in serum was measured by cytometric bead array. Lung fibrosis was observed to be more serious in tumor-bearing mice than in normal mice post-irradiation. The fibrosis score in irradiated tumor-bearing mice on Day 21 was 4.33 ± 0.82, which was higher than that of normal mice (2.00 ± 0.63; P < 0.05). Hydroxyproline and GATA-3 expression were increased in the lung tissues of tumor-bearing mice following irradiation. CpG-ODN attenuated fibrosis by markedly decreasing GATA-3 expression. Serum IL-13 and IL-5 were elevated, whereas INF-γ and IL-12 expression were decreased in irradiated tumor-bearing mice. These changes were reversed after CpG-ODN treatment. Thus, Type-2 immunity in tumors appeared to affect the outcome of radiation damage and might be of interest for future studies on developing approaches in which Type-1-related immunotherapy and radiotherapy are used in combination.

PMID: 26703457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Meningiomas With Rhabdoid Features Lacking Other Histologic Features of Malignancy: A Study of 44 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Meningiomas With Rhabdoid Features Lacking Other Histologic Features of Malignancy: A Study of 44 Cases and Review of the Literature.

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2016 Jan;75(1):44-52

Authors: Vaubel RA, Chen SG, Raleigh DR, Link MJ, Chicoine MR, Barani I, Jenkins SM, Aleff PA, Rodriguez FJ, Burger PC, Dahiya S, Perry A, Giannini C

Abstract
The behavior of rhabdoid meningiomas otherwise lacking malignant features remains unknown as most of the originally reported aggressive cases showed anaplastic histologic features independently of rhabdoid phenotype. We studied 44 patients with rhabdoid meningiomas lacking anaplastic features. Median age at diagnosis was 48.6 years (range 10-79). Location was supratentorial in 28 (63.6%), skull base in 15 (34.1%), and spinal in 1 (2.3%). Tumor grade was otherwise World Health Organization grade I (n = 22, 50%) or II (n = 22, 50%). Rhabdoid cells represented <20% of the tumor in 12 cases (27.3%), 20% to 50% in 18 (40.9%), and >50% in 14 (31.8%). Median clinical follow-up, available for 38 patients, was 5.0 years (range 0.17-14.2). Recurrence occurred in 9 patients (5-year recurrence-free survival, 73.7%) with a significantly higher risk in subtotally resected tumors (p = 0.043). Rhabdoid cell percentage was not associated with recurrence. Six patients died (4 of disease, 2 of unclear causes); 5-year overall survival was 86.7%, a mortality in excess of that expected in grade I-II meningiomas but much lower than originally reported. Review of 50 similar previously reported cases confirmed our findings. We suggest that rhabdoid meningiomas be graded analogously to nonrhabdoid tumors, with caution that some may still behave aggressively and close follow-up is recommended.

PMID: 26705409 [PubMed - in process]

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Additional Prone 18F-FDG PET/CT Acquisition to Improve the Visualization of the Primary Tumor and Regional Lymph Node Metastases in Stage II/III Breast Cancer.

Additional Prone 18F-FDG PET/CT Acquisition to Improve the Visualization of the Primary Tumor and Regional Lymph Node Metastases in Stage II/III Breast Cancer.

Clin Nucl Med. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Teixeira SC, Koolen BB, Vogel WV, Wesseling J, Stokkel MP, Vrancken Peeters MT, van der Noort V, Rutgers EJ, Valdés Olmos RA

Abstract
PURPOSE: To prospectively compare prone and supine acquired F-FDG PET/CT for visualization of primary tumors and regional lymph nodes in stage II/III breast cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ninety-eight patients were included consecutively from August 2010 to April 2012. One hour after administration of 180-240 MBq F-FDG, PET/CT images of the thorax were firstly acquired in prone position. Subsequently, a standard PET/CT in supine position from skull base to thighs was made. Both sets of images were tested in a univariate and a multivariate analysis for the number of lesions per breast or lymph node (LN) region and anatomical mismatch between PET and CT images.
RESULTS: Images in prone position showed less compression of breast tissue, more primary tumor (PT) multifocality (P < 0.001) and more avid axillary LNs (P < 0.001) compared with supine position. Anatomical mismatch of the axillary LN metastases was found more often on supine PET/CT images compared with prone (P = 0.004). Prone images showed a smaller PT functional volume compared with supine position (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Prone position PET/CT improved the visualization of PT multifocality and the number of detected axillary lymph nodes. Therefore, it is a valuable addition to standard supine PET/CT in the protocol for locoregional assessment in stage II/III breast cancer patients.

PMID: 26704731 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The role of radiosurgery in the management of benign head and neck tumors.

The role of radiosurgery in the management of benign head and neck tumors.

World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec 15;

Authors: Park HH, Hong CK, Jung HH, Chang WS, Kim CH, Lee WS, Lee SC, Park YG, Chang JH

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Head and neck tumors are a heterogeneous group and often invade the skull base. Various radiation techniques can be used for these tumors when surgery is unavailable. This study investigated the indications for gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in benign head and neck tumors.
METHODS: Thirty-seven lesions in 35 patients were treated with GKRS for schwannoma, juvenile nasal angiofibroma, choroidal hemangioma and pleomorphic adenoma. The median follow-up period was 43.0 months (range, 12.2-174.1 months).
RESULTS: Tumor control was achieved in 35 of 37 lesions (94.6%) at last follow-up after GKRS. Thirty-four lesions (91.9%) decreased, 1 lesion (2.7%) remained stable and 2 lesions (5.4%) increased in size. Clinically, 15 cases (40.5%) showed improvement, 17 cases (45.9%) were stable, 1 case (2.7%) experienced deterioration and 4 cases (10.8%) developed new symptoms. Four of the 5 cases that exhibited deterioration or new symptoms eventually improved.
CONCLUSION: GKRS is a reasonable alternative to surgery that can effectively control tumor growth and preserve functions of the head and neck in primary, residual or recurrent benign head and neck tumors.

PMID: 26704197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Patient and treatment-related risk factors for osteoradionecrosis of the jaw in patients with head and neck cancer.

Patient and treatment-related risk factors for osteoradionecrosis of the jaw in patients with head and neck cancer.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015 Oct 22;

Authors: Raguse JD, Hossamo J, Tinhofer I, Hoffmeister B, Budach V, Jamil B, Jöhrens K, Thieme N, Doll C, Nahles S, Hartwig ST, Stromberger C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for and the incidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw in patients with head and neck cancer.
STUDY DESIGN: This study was a retrospective analysis of the risk for ORN and outcome for 149 of 540 patients with head and neck cancer of the oral cavity (65%), oropharynx (26%), or other head and neck sites (9%) treated with radiotherapy between 2004 and 2009. ORN was graded according to Late Effects of Normal Tissues/Somatic Objective Management Analytic Scale (LENT/SOMA) criteria.
RESULTS: Within a median follow-up of 41 months (95% confidence interval: 27.4-54.6), 38 patients (25.5%) had developed ORN, 37 patients (25%) had a local recurrence, and 53 patients (36%) had died. The median time to diagnosis of ORN was 14.5 months (range: 3-80), and 79% were diagnosed within 2 years of RT. Eleven of these patients had undergone previous mandibular surgery. Univariate significant risk factors for ORN were any comorbidity, poor oral hygiene, pre-radiotherapy osteotomy, close tumor-to-bone proximity, post-radiotherapy dentoalveolar surgery (DAS), DAS without sufficient wound closure, alcohol consumption, and denture pressure sores. In multivariate analysis, comorbidities, pre-radiotherapy mandibular surgery, poor oral hygiene, and insufficient DAS remained significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the risk of ORN calls for maintaining optimal oral hygiene, ensuring good denture fit, receiving proper training in DAS, and helping patients to stop drinking and smoking.

PMID: 26703417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Response to Madans et al. Comments on Sabariego et al. Measuring Disability: Comparing the Impact of Two Data Collection Approaches on Disability Rates. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2015, 12, 10329-10351.

Response to Madans et al. Comments on Sabariego et al. Measuring Disability: Comparing the Impact of Two Data Collection Approaches on Disability Rates. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2015, 12, 10329-10351.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;13(1)

Authors: Sabariego C, Oberhauser C, Posarac A, Bickenbach J, Kostanjsek N, Chatterji S, Officer A, Coenen M, Chhan L, Cieza A

Abstract
We greatly appreciate and wish to thank Madans, Mont and Loeb for the issues they raise in their Comment [1] on our paper "Measuring Disability: Using the WHO Model Disability Survey to Address the Impact of Screeners on Disability Rates" [2]. [...].

PMID: 26703704 [PubMed - in process]

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Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Autoimmunity. 2015 Dec 24;:1-11

Authors: Gonçalves ED, Souza PS, Lieberknecht V, Fidelis GS, Barbosa RI, Silveira PC, de Pinho RA, Dutra RC

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack on central nervous system (CNS) myelin, leading to axon damage and progressive disability. The existing therapies for MS are only partially effective and are associated with undesirable side effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been clinically used to treat inflammation, and to induce tissue healing and repair processes. However, there are no reports about the effects and mechanisms of LLLT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS. Here, we report the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of LLLT (AlGaInP, 660 nm and GaAs, 904 nm) irradiated on the spinal cord during EAE development. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Our results showed that LLLT consistently reduced the clinical score of EAE and delayed the disease onset, and also prevented weight loss induced by immunization. Furthermore, these beneficial effects of LLLT seem to be associated with the down-regulation of NO levels in the CNS, although the treatment with LLLT failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant defense during EAE. Finally, histological analysis showed that LLLT blocked neuroinflammation through a reduction of inflammatory cells in the CNS, especially lymphocytes, as well as preventing demyelination in the spinal cord after EAE induction. Together, our results suggest the use of LLLT as a therapeutic application during autoimmune neuroinflammatory responses, such as MS.

PMID: 26703077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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