Different effects of dopaminergic medication on perceptual decision-making in Parkinson's disease as a function of task difficulty and speed-accuracy instructions.

Huang, YT; Georgiev, D; Foltynie, T; Limousin, P; Speekenbrink, M; Jahanshahi, M; (2015) Different effects of dopaminergic medication on perceptual decision-making in Parkinson's disease as a function of task difficulty and speed-accuracy instructions. Neuropsychologia , 75 pp. 577-587. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.012 .

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Feeding Stonehenge: cuisine and consumption at the Late Neolithic site of Durrington Walls

Craig, OE; Shillito, L-M; Albarella, U; Viner-Daniels, S; Chan, B; Cleal, R; Ixer, R; Craig, OE; Shillito, L-M; Albarella, U; Viner-Daniels, S; Chan, B; Cleal, R; Ixer, R; Jay, M; Marshall, P; Simmons, E; Wright, E; Pearson, MP; - view fewer (2015) Feeding Stonehenge: cuisine and consumption at the Late Neolithic site of Durrington Walls. ANTIQUITY , 89 (347) pp. 1096-1109.

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The habenula: an under-recognised area of importance in frontotemporal dementia?

Bocchetta, M; Gordon, E; Marshall, CR; Slattery, CF; Cardoso, MJ; Cash, DM; Espak, M; Bocchetta, M; Gordon, E; Marshall, CR; Slattery, CF; Cardoso, MJ; Cash, DM; Espak, M; Modat, M; Ourselin, S; Frisoni, GB; Schott, JM; Warren, JD; Rohrer, JD; - view fewer (2015) The habenula: an under-recognised area of importance in frontotemporal dementia? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312067 .

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Medicated Janus fibers fabricated using a Teflon-coated side-by-side spinneret.

Yu, DG; Yang, C; Jin, M; Williams, GR; Zou, H; Wang, X; Annie Bligh, SW; (2015) Medicated Janus fibers fabricated using a Teflon-coated side-by-side spinneret. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces , 138 pp. 110-116. 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.055 .

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Corrigendum

Endocrinology, Early Release.


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Matrix Dimensionality and Stiffness Cooperatively Regulate Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Publication date: Available online 11 January 2016
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Wen-Ting Hsieh, Yi-Shiuan Liu, Yi-hsuan Lee, Marilyn G. Rimando, Keng-hui Lin, Oscar K. Lee
Osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is mechanosensitive. It's affected by the mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment, particularly its mechanical modulus. To explore the effect of mechanical modulus on osteogenesis in the third dimension (3D), this study used a novel polyacrylamide (PA) scaffold whose pores are monodisperse and spherical, the mechanical moduli of which can be tuned across a wide range. It was found that MSCs have similar proliferation rates in PA scaffolds independent of the matrix stiffness. The contractile force exerted by MSCs inside PA scaffolds was strong enough to deform the pores of scaffolds made of more compliant PAs (whose shear modulus, G′scaffold < 4 kPa). Only scaffolds of the highest stiffness (G′scaffold = 12 kPa) can withhold the contraction from MSCs. After osteogenic induction for 21 days, the expression profiles of marker genes showed that PA scaffolds of G′scaffold = 12 kPa promoted osteogenesis of MSCs. Confocal image analysis demonstrated that there are more F-actin cytoskeletons and bundled stress fibers at higher matrix moduli in 2D and 3D. Moreover, the 3D porous structure promotes osteogenesis of MSCs more than 2D flat substrates. Together, the differences of cellular behaviors when cultured in 2D and 3D systems are evident. The PA scaffolds developed in the present study can be used for further investigation into the mechanism of MSC mechanosensing in the 3D context.

Graphical abstract

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meso-Dihydroguaiaretic acid attenuates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma

Publication date: February 2016
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 31
Author(s): Ji-Won Song, Chang-Seob Seo, Eun-Sang Cho, Tae-In Kim, Young-Suk Won, Hyo-Jung Kwon, Jong-Keun Son, Hwa-Young Son
meso-Dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA), which is a dibenzylbutane lignin isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Saururus chinensis, has various biological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and neuroprotective effects. However, no report has examined the potential anti-asthmatic activity of MDGA. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of MDGA on asthmatic responses, particularly airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of asthma. Intragastric administration of MDGA significantly lowered the productions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α), eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and immunoglobulin (Ig)E in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), plasma, or lung tissues. Histological studies showed that MDGA inhibited OVA-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production in the respiratory tract. Moreover, MDGA markedly attenuated the OVA-induced activations of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Together, these results suggest that MDGA effectively inhibits airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion by downregulating the levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibiting the activations of NF-κB and MAPKs.



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