Evaluation of depression and social anxiety symptoms in obese children

2016-03-31T06-28-48Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Esra Akyuz Ozkan, Ali Irfan Gul, Zeynep Tuba Ozdemir, Hasim Husrevsahi, Zehra Yildirim, Esra Domur, Ummugulsum Aliye Gecit.
Objective: The present study aimed to assess depression and social anxiety symptoms in obese children. Methods: The Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children - Revised (SASC-R) were administered to 80 obese children and 82 controls. Results: The obese group consisted of 42 male and 38 female children, mean age 12.48±2.70 years (range 7-17 years), mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.47±3.72 kg/m2; controls were 43 male, 39 female children, mean age 12.93±2.32 years (range 9-17 years), mean BMI was 16.92±5.17 kg/m2. Mean social anxiety scores were higher in the obese group than in the control group. Mean depression scores were significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group. The mean depression scores were higher in obese females compared to control females as well as in males. The mean social anxiety scores were higher in obese females than in controls as well as in males. There was no correlation between BMI and depression and social anxiety scores in obese males and females. Among obese childeren 21.5% and among the control group 14.3% had a value of CDI above the cut-off point, and this was statistically significant. Among obese childeren 15.2% of females and 10.4% of males had a value above the cut-off point, but the difference between sexes was not statistically significant. Discussion: Depression and social anxiety symptoms were more common in obese children and did not relate to the degree of obesity. The prevention of childhood obesity is important in both sexes for reducing the risk of psychological disorder in adulthood.


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Relation of the Nine Types of Temperament Model with personality disorders

2016-03-31T06-28-48Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Enver Demirel Yilmaz, Ali Gorkem Gencer, Ozge Unal, Mehmet Palanci, Mehmet Kandemir, Ziya Selcuk, Omer Aydemir.
Objective: Aim of this study is to determine the correspondence between personality categories and the types making up the Nine Types of Temperament Model (NTTM) a new temperament model which evaluates personality disorders within the context of temperament traits and maladaptive personality features- and conceptualization of NTTM types. Method: The sample group is composed of 117 participants with a personality disorder. SCID II and Nine Types of Temperament Scale (NTTS) were applied to participants. Results: According to the findings, all NTTM types have shown significant correlation with at least one personality disorder. According to the regression analysis results, it was determined that the NTTM types were explained by personality disorders at a rate of 19-41%. Conclusions: In this study, it is found that knowing the temperament features that form the basis of an individuals personality structure is helpful to diagnose and to determine the tendency to develop personality disorders that are pathological responses to personality characteristics. In addition, this study brings up questions such as whether the individual differences between patients with the same personality disorders can be evaluated on the basis of temperament and whether it is possible to determine therapy and treatment approaches according to an individuals temperament type.


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Psychometric properties of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales short form: a reliability and validity study

2016-03-31T06-28-48Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Miray Akyunus, Tulin Gencoz.
Objective: Considering the lack of an instrument in Turkish to measure individuals interpersonal difficulties, our aim was to adapt a short version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP-C) for Turkish culture, and we studied the psychometric properties of the scale. Method: Our study included 1298 adult participants from the normal population (411 females and 887 males) between the ages of 18 and 68. In order to establish reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the IIP-C, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, split-half reliability coefficients, and concurrent and criterion validity studies were conducted. The validity study analyzed correlations with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Basic Personality Traits Inventory. Results: The results of the study indicated good internal consistency, test-retest and split-half reliability coefficients of the IIP-C, assessing overall level of interpersonal difficulty and distress due to various interpersonal problems. Moreover, findings supported concurrent and criterion validity of the inventory, in addition to the two-factor structures consistent with the original inventory. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of IIP-C seem to be acceptable; therefore, the instrument can be utilized for research and clinical purposes in Turkey.


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Review of the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant psychiatric inpatients

2016-03-31T06-28-48Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Kader Semra Karatas, Julide Guler, Aytul Hariri, Feride Ezgi Buyuksahin Unal.



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Analysis of gene expression in mouse brain regions after exposure to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields

10.3109/09553002.2016.1159353<br/>James P. McNamee

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A case of patch stage of Kaposi’s sarcoma and discussion of the differential diagnosis

A 55-year-old HIV positive male had a skin lesion biopsy which showed atypical vascular proliferation within the superficial and deep dermis with mild atypia of lining endothelial cells. A sparse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate surrounding the irregular vascular channels was noted. Immunohistochemistry highlighted the atypical blood vessels with the vascular markers CD31, CD34 and Factor VIII. The differential diagnosis included unusual vascular or lymphatic proliferations, stasis dermatitis, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, progressive lymphangioma and angiosarcoma with focal Kaposi's sarcoma features. Characteristic human herpes virus-8 positive staining helped support the diagnosis of patch stage of Kaposi's sarcoma. Herein, we discuss the case findings, differential diagnosis and characteristic histological findings associated with the patch stage of Kaposi's sarcoma which can be an elusive diagnosis.

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Influence of different fixation protocols on the preservation and dimensions of cardiac tissue

Abstract

Recent extensive progress in invasive cardiac procedures has triggered a wave of dozens of heart morphometric anatomical studies that are carried out largely using autopsied samples fixed in formaldehyde solution prior to observations and measurements. In reality, very little is known about changes in heart tissue dimensions during fixation. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how fixation affects the dimensions of cardiac tissue, and if different types and concentrations of reagents affect this phenomenon. A total of 40 pig heart samples were investigated, and seven different measuring sites were permanently marked in every heart prior to fixation. Four study groups (n = 10 each) were assembled that differed only in concentration and the type of fixative: (i) 2% formaldehyde solution; (ii) 4% formaldehyde solution (formalin); (iii) 10% formaldehyde solution; (iv) alcoholic formalin. The samples were measured before and after fixation at the following time points: 24 h, 72 h and 168 h. It was found that different fixatives significantly affected different parameters. Almost all of the heart dimensions that were measured stabilized after 24 h; later changes were statistically insignificant in the point-to-point comparison. Change in the length of the interatrial septum surface was not altered significantly in any of the fixatives after 24 h of preservation. It was found that 10% formaldehyde increased the thickness of muscular tissue only after 24 h; this thickening was reduced after 72 h and was insignificant at 168 h. Other heart parameters in this group do not present significant changes over the entire fixation time duration. In conclusion, the 10% formaldehyde phosphate-buffered solution appeared to be the best fixative among the fixatives that were studied for cardiac morphometric purposes; this solution caused the smallest changes in tissue dimensions. Measurements should be obtained at least after 1 week of preservation when most parameters exhibit the smallest changes compared with the non-preserved samples.

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