Histochemical analysis of collagen fibers in giant cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia

Publication date: Available online 28 April 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Mônica Jarema Schmidt, André Tschoeke, Lúcia Noronha, Rafaela Scariot de Moraes, Ricardo Alves Mesquita, Ana Maria Trindade Grégio, Luciana Reis Azevedo Alanis, Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio, Jean Nunes dos Santos, Antonio Adilson Soares de Lima, Teixeira Suelen Luiz, Arielli Carine Michels, Maria Cássia Ferreira Aguiar, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues Johann
ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate collagen fibers in giant cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and oral normal mucosa.Materials and methodsSixty-six cases were stained with picrosirius red. The slides were observed under polarization, followed by the measurement of the area and the percentage of the type I and type III collagens. The age and gender were obtained from the clinical records.ResultsNo differences could be observed in both the area and percentage of the type I and type III collagens within the categories of lesions and normal mucosa. In the giant cells fibroma, a greater area and percentage of type I collagen could be identified in individuals of less than 41.5 years (p<0.05).ConclusionThe distribution of type I and type III collagen fibers in the studied lesions followed a similar pattern to that observed in the normal mucosa, indicating a normal collagen maturation process of type III to I. The study supports that multinucleated and stellate cells of the giant cell fibroma appear to be functional within collagen types III and I turnover. The greater amount of type I collagen identified in giant cell fibroma in individuals of less than 41.5 years reinforce the neoplastic nature of lesion.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1pVHdGN
via IFTTT

Effect of chronic intake of liquid nutrition on stomach and duodenum morphology

Publication date: Available online 27 April 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Michaela Vrabcova, Livia Mikuska, Rastislav Vazan, Michal Miko, Ivan Varga, Boris Mravec
Changes in the quantity and/or quality of food intake have been shown to be associated with morphological and functional alterations of the gastrointestinal system. To examine this, we investigated the effect of chronic liquid nutrition intake (Fresubin) on stomach and duodenum morphology in Wistar rats fed liquid nutrition during different developmental periods. We used four groups of rats: a) control group (CON) fed pelleted chow for 130days; b) liquid nutrition group (LN) fed liquid nutrition for 130days; c) liquid nutrition juvenile group (LNJ) fed liquid nutrition for 70days and then pelleted food for 60days; d) liquid nutrition adult group (LNA) fed pelleted chow for 70days and then liquid nutrition for 60days. We found that LN and LNA rats showed a significant reduction of empty stomach mass compared to CON animals, while stomach and duodenal longitudinal muscle layer thickness did not differ between groups. Villus height was increased only in LNA animals, while villus width was increased in both LN and LNA rats. Crypt depth was reduced in LNJ. However, liquid nutrition intake did not affect villus height/crypt depth ratio, nor number of goblet cells. We found that chronic intake of liquid nutrition affects some morphological parameters of the stomach and duodenum but these changes were not homogenous between experimental groups. Interestingly, transition from liquid nutrition to solid food reversed the alterations of stomach weight as well as villus width induced by intake of liquid nutrition in LNA rats. Our data indicate that morphological and functional changes in the gastrointestinal system induced by qualitative and quantitative changes in food intake are at least partially reversible. Therefore, specific diets may be used potentially as adjuvant treatment for modulating the progression of gastrointestinal diseases by affecting stomach and small intestine morphology.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NeuSsz
via IFTTT

Protective role of garlic oil against oxidative damage induced by furan exposure from weaning through adulthood in adult rat testis

Publication date: Available online 26 April 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Gehan El-Akabawy, Neveen M. El-Sherif
Furan is produced in a wide variety of heat-treated foods via thermal degradation. Furan contamination is found to be relatively high in processed baby foods, cereal products, fruits juices, and canned vegetables. Several studies have demonstrated that furan is a potent hepatotoxin and hepatocarcinogen in rodents. However, few studies have investigated the toxic effects of furan in the testis. In addition, the exact mechanism(s) by which furan exerts toxicity in the testis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential of furan exposure from weaning through adulthood to induce oxidative stress in adult rat testis, as well as the potential of garlic oil (GO) to ameliorate the induced toxicity. Our results reveal that furan administration significantly reduced serum testosterone levels and increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); furthermore, furan administration decreased significantly the enzymatic activity of testicular antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and induced histopathological alterations in the testis. GO co-administration ameliorated the reduction in testosterone levels and dramatically attenuated the furan-induced oxidative and histopathological changes. In addition, Go significantly down-regulated the increased caspase-3 and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression in the furan-treated testis. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the furan-induced oxidative changes in the adult rat testis and the protective role of GO to ameliorate these changes through its antioxidant effects and its ability to inhibit CYP2E1 production.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1pVHcTh
via IFTTT

Androgen receptor-mediated non-genomic effects of vinclozolin on porcine ovarian follicles and isolated granulosa cells

Publication date: Available online 16 April 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Kamil Wartalski, Malgorzata Knet-Seweryn, Dorota Hoja-Lukowicz, Zbigniew Tabarowski, Malgorzata Duda
The present study investigated the influence of the androgen receptor (AR) agonists testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and vinclozolin (Vnz), a fungicide with antiandrogenic activity, on non-genomic signal transduction within ovarian follicles. Porcine granulosa cells (GCs) isolated from mature follicles were cultured for 48h. For the last 24h of culture, they were exposed to T (10⁻⁷M), DHT (10⁻⁷M), Vnz (1.4×10⁻⁵M), T and Vnz (T+Vnz), or DHT and Vnz (DHT+Vnz) at the same concentrations. To better imitate in vivo conditions, whole follicles (4–6mm in diameter) were incubated (24h) in an organ culture system with the same factors. Expression of AR mRNA and protein was determined by real-time PCR and western blot analyses. To demonstrate AR localization in cultured GCs and whole follicles, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry were performed, respectively. To elucidate the possible non-genomic action of Vnz in GCs, protein expression and the activity of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases were determined by western blot and ELISA analyses. The immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry results showed that exposure of GCs and follicles to Vnz resulted in cytoplasmic and perinuclear AR localization. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that AR mRNA and protein expression increased (P≤0.001) in GC cultures after combined treatment with an androgen and Vnz. In whole follicles, such treatment also increased AR mRNA with a decrease in the respective protein expression (P≤0.001). Moreover, addition of T or DHT with Vnz increased the activity of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases in cultured GCs (P≤0.001). The results suggest a novel mechanism for Vnz action in porcine ovarian follicles on both AR mRNA and protein levels. Thus, this environmental antiandrogen activates non-genomic signaling pathways, as indicated by the increased activity of both investigated kinases observed within minutes of Vnz addition. Given the widespread presence of Vnz in the environment, elucidation of its non-genomic action should be the subject of studies on female fertility.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NeuTNc
via IFTTT

Evidence for CD34/SMA positive cells in the left main coronary artery in atherogenesis

Publication date: Available online 14 April 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Peter Kruzliak, David L. Hare, Peter Sabaka, Delian Delev, Ludovit Gaspar, Luis Rodrigo, Anthony Zulli
Regression of atherosclerosis is a key aspect of preventing further coronary artery disease and understanding which cell type forms smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic fibrous caps will aid in reducing CAD. Atherogenesis is a complex interplay of cells migrating and proliferating into the vascular wall. CD34 positive hemapoetic stem cells are believed to not transform into vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). The current study hypothesised that there would be no evidence for CD34⁺/α SMC actin⁺ cells in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Aims: To identify CD34+/α actin positive cells in the fibrous cap and wall of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary artery. Methods: Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol and 1% methionine for 4 weeks, then 9 weeks of normal diet to induce regression. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD34⁺ haematopoietic progenitor cells and α SMC actin. Results: In the fibrous cap, the majority of cells were CD34⁻/α SMC actin⁺ spindle shaped cells. However very rare populations of CD34⁺/α SMC actin⁺ and CD34⁺/α SMC actin⁻ cells were also present but these cells were not spindle shaped. Conclusion: Our study found that CD34⁺/α SMC actin⁻ spindle shaped cells were absent from the fibrous cap. Moreover, the predominant cell population were the vascular smooth muscle cells (CD34⁻/α SMC actin⁺) but (CD34⁺/α SMC actin⁺) cells were also present. This model could be used to understand the role of each SMC population subtype to hasten atherosclerotic regression in the coronary artery.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1pVHf1m
via IFTTT

Expression of calbindin-D9k and vitamin D receptor in the uterus of Egyptian buffalo during follicular and luteal phases

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Mahmoud Abdelghaffar Emam, Mahmoud E.A. Abouelroos, Fatma A. Gad
Uteri of mature Egyptian buffalo cows (5–10 years old) were collected at follicular (n=12) and luteal (n=16) phases of estrous cycle to investigate the expression of calbindin-D9k (CaPB-9k) and vitamin D receptor (VDR). This study was done using avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry method. In addition, blood levels of calcium (Ca), vitamin D3 (Vit D), estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) were measured. The immunohistochemical findings restricted the expressions of CaBP-9k and VDR to the luminal and glandular epithelia of the endometrium implicating the importance of CaBP-9K and VDR in the function of endometrial epithelium, especially the glandular one, in order to prepare a receptive uterus. On the other hand, the myometrium did not express CaBP-9k or VDR that denies the potential role of CaBP-9k and VDR in the uterine contractility during the estrous cycle of Egyptian buffalo. All of Ca, Vit D, and P4 blood levels significantly (P<0.05) increased during luteal phase however, blood level of E2 significantly (P<0.05) increased during follicular phase. The expressions of CaBP-9k and VDR in the uterus of Egyptian buffalo were significantly (P<0.05) higher during luteal (P4 dominant) phase than during the follicular (E2 dominant) phase indicating that P4 up-regulates the expressions of CaBP-9k and VDR. In view of these observations, this study represents the first characterization of CaBP-9K and VDR expression in the uterus of Egyptian buffalo and suggests the pivotal role of CaBP-9k and VDR in the uterine receptivity. Furthermore, it demonstrates the regulatory role of P4 for expressions of CaBP-9k and VDR in buffalo uterus.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NeuQRC
via IFTTT

miR-128 regulates differentiation of hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells into smooth muscle cells by targeting SMAD2

Publication date: Available online 14 April 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Zhihao Wang, Li Pang, Huiying Zhao, Lei Song, Yuehui Wang, Qi Sun, Chunjie Guo, Bin Wang, Xiujiao Qin, Aiqun Pan
Human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (hHFMSCs) are an important source of cardiovascular tissue engineering for their differentiation potential into smooth muscle cells (SMCs), yet the molecular pathways underlying such fate determination is unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in cell differentiation. In present study, we found that miR-128 was remarkably decreased during the differentiation of hHFMSCs into SMCs induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Moreover, overexpression of miR-128 led to decreased expression of SMC cellular marker proteins, such as smooth muscle actin (SMA) and calponin, in TGF-β1-induced SMC differentiation. Further, we identified that miR-128 targeted the 3′-UTR of SMAD2 transcript for translational inhibition of SMAD2 protein, and knockdown of SMAD2 abrogated the promotional effect of antagomir-128 (miR-128 neutralizer) on SMC differentiation. These results suggest that miR-128 regulates the differentiation of hHFMSCs into SMCs via targeting SMAD2, a main transcription regulator in TGF-β signaling pathway involving SMC differentiation. The miR-128/SMAD2 axis could therefore be considered as a candidate target in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for SMCs.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1pVHcm9
via IFTTT