Morbidity profile of inmates in old age homes in Mangalore, South India

2016-05-28T10-24-59Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Usha Rani S Padmanabha, Nalam Udayakiran, Puneeth Nagarajaiah, Vinayak J Kempaller.
Background: Ageing is a natural and inevitable process. As per WHO, in 2012, it has been estimated that over 8% of the total population is aged above 60 years. This proportion is expected to increase to 12% by 2025 and over 20% by 2050. India is witnessing a rapid increment in aged population constituting 8.2% of the national population. The old age homes, which were uncommon, have recently spread across the country indicating the growing rift between the generations. Objective: To assess the morbidity and sociodemographic profile of inmates in old age homes in Mangalore. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study done in three selected old age homes in Mangalore from June 2015 to August 2015. Universal sampling was done to obtain a sample size of 87. Totally, 80 inmates were enrolled. Data were obtained by interviewer method, medical records, and clinical examination, by using a pretested questionnaire after obtaining an informed consent. Results: Among the 80 inmates, 25% were male and 75% were female, out of which 63% were in the age group of 6070 years. Among the elders, 69% were widow/widower, 55% did not have any source of income, 29% were illiterate and 46% had completed primary education, 75% had musculoskeletal disorders, 69 % had visual defects, 64% were hypertensive, 30% had dental problems, and 28% were diabetic. Conclusion: There is an essential need for specialized geriatric clinics. Proper and regular health checkups should be conducted in old age homes with referral services. There is a need for insurance coverage for all the elders to meet their medical expenses.


from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UkBu8j
via IFTTT

A study on musculoskeletal disorders distribution and health-seeking behavior among geriatric people in the field practice area of rural health and training center of a tertiary care hospital

2016-05-28T10-24-59Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Harshal Gajanan Mendhe, Narni Hanumanth, Gangi Harika.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) Technical Report 2003 stated that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal disorders, severe limb injury, trauma, or fracture. The burden of MSDs is global and looking at the gravity of the situation, WHO declared 20002010 as the bone and joint decade. As the geriatric people are more vulnerable to osteoporotic changes, there is a possibility that prevalence of MSDs will be more. So this cross-sectional study has been carried out among the geriatric people. Objective: To assess the sociodemographic profiles of geriatric people, to find out the prevalence of MSDs among study participants, and to assess their health-seeking behavior toward MSD. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 geriatric people were included in the study as study participants. Systematic sampling was followed to identify the household. The semi-structured questionnaire from the SJH Report was used to gather information regarding MSD problems. Result: A total of 43% of the study participants belonged to lower middle class family, 48% participants had joint pain, and 21% had backache. Knee joint was the most commonly affected joint. Backache was more common in women (67%) than in men (33%) and was found to be statistically significant. A total of 31% of the participants had osteoarthritis, 2% had rheumatoid arthritis, 7% had soft tissue rheumatism, 1% had monoarticular joint pain and gout, 4.75% had severe limb injury, trauma, and fracture, 26% had pain at any site, and 13.3% had no complaint at all. Overall prevalence of MSD was 61%. A total of 45% were seeking treatment from local RMP, whereas 28% did not seek any treatment for MSD problem. Conclusion: The geriatric people should undergo investigations such as serum calcium, vitamin D-3, and bone marrow density.


from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1si4EvC
via IFTTT

Assessment of the quality of life indices in adolescents with Acne vulgaris

2016-05-28T10-24-59Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Tejaswi Cherukuri; Rangaraj Murugaiyan; Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal.
Background: Acne vulgaris, a multifactorial disease, is one of the most common dermatological conditions that is encountered in clinical practice and affecting approximately 80% adolescents and young adults at some stage. Objective: To study the quality of life in adolescents with acne and its relation with severity. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Dermatology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital from January 2014 to December 2014. All the patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were chosen from the Dermatology Out-Patient Department during the specified period of time. Cardiff acne disability index (CADI) and separate Child dermatology life quality index (CDLQI) and adult Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were assessed depending on the age of the patient. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info software (version 3.4.3). Categorical data were analyzed using the Pearsons χ2-test and significant P-value was fixed at P

from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UkANfb
via IFTTT

Obstructive sleep apnea among patients attending Family Medicine Centers, Military Hospital in Khamis Mushait city, Saudi Arabia

2016-05-28T10-24-59Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Mana Mubarak Alshahrani, Sultan Mohammed Alshahrani, Ibrahim Saeed Alarfaj, Shamsun Nahar.
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition affecting at least 2% to 4% of the adult population. Patients are not routinely screened for symptoms of OSA as a part of their initial medical evaluation. Objective: To identify the prevalence and correlates of individuals who are at risk of OSA among adults attending to family medicine centers in Military Hospital in Khamis Mushait city, KSA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out utilizing the Berlin questionnaire to identify patients who are at high risk for OSA among adult attendees of family medicine centers in Military Hospital in Khamis Mushait city, KSA. The study was conducted between October 1st and December 31st, 2015. An interview questionnaire including in addition to Belin questionnaire, demographic and personal data, smoking, and medical history was utilized. In addition, anthropometric measures including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), and waist/hip ratio for central obesity were measured. Result: The study included 413 patients. Their age ranged between 18 and 93 years with a mean of 39.6 ± 13.5 years. Slightly more than half of them (217; 52.5%) were females. Approximately half of the participants (201; 48.7%) were obese and 124 (30%) were overweight. Sixty-one subjects, representing 14.8% participants were at high risk of sleep apnea syndrome. Snoring was present in 37.3% subjects. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that females were less likely to be at high risk of sleep apnea syndrome compared to males (AOR = 0.24 95% CI: 0.100.54, p = 0.001). Obese subjects were at higher risk of sleep apnea syndrome compared to normal subjects (AOR = 12.67 95% CI: 3.0053.55, p = 0.001). Current smokers were more likely to be at higher risk of sleep apnea syndrome compared to nonsmokers (AOR = 3.46 95% CI: 1.259.58, p = 0.017). Patients with history of chronic diseases were at higher risk of sleep apnea syndrome compared to those without history of chronic diseases (AOR = 2.96 95% CI: 1.505.81, p = 0.002). Conclusion: The study has shown that a considerable proportion of adults attending family medicine centers in Khamis Mushait, KSA are at higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Males, smokers, obese, and those with history of chronic diseases were at higher significant risk for OSA compared to their counterparts.


from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1si4BQF
via IFTTT

High-resolution telomere fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals intriguing anomalies in germ cell tumors

Publication date: August 2016
Source:Human Pathology, Volume 54
Author(s): Mohammed Talha Shekhani, John R. Barber, Stephania M. Bezerra, Christopher M. Heaphy, Nilda Diana Gonzalez Roibon, Diana Taheri, Leonardo O. Reis, Gunes Guner, Corinne E. Joshu, George J. Netto, Alan K. Meeker
Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common malignancy of young men. Most patients are completely cured, which distinguishes these from most other malignancies. Orchiectomy specimens (n=76) were evaluated using high-resolution (single-cell discriminative) telomere-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with simultaneous Oct4 immunofluorescence to describe telomere length phenotype in TGCT neoplastic cells. For the first time, the TGCT precursor lesion, germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) is also evaluated in depth. The intensity of the signals from cancerous cells was compared to the same patient's reference cells—namely, healthy germ cells (defined as "medium" length) and interstitial/somatic cells (defined as "short" telomere length). We observed short telomeres in most GCNIS and pure seminomas (P=.006 and P=.0005, respectively). In contrast, nonseminomas displayed longer telomeres. Lesion-specific telomere lengths were documented in mixed tumor cases. Embryonal carcinoma (EC) demonstrated the longest telomeres. A fraction of EC displays the telomerase-independent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype (24% of cases). Loss of ATRX or DAXX nuclear expression was strongly associated with ALT; however, nuclear expression of both proteins was retained in half of ALT-positive ECs. The particular distribution of telomere lengths among TGCT and GCNIS precursors implicate telomeres anomalies in pathogenesis. These results may advise management decisions as well.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1sEeBn1
via IFTTT

Dendritic cells in renal biopsies of patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Publication date: August 2016
Source:Human Pathology, Volume 54
Author(s): Mingyu Cheng, Xin Gu, Guillermo A. Herrera
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response and can be separated into 2 major subsets: myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) DCs. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a common cause of injury to renal tubules and interstitium resulting from the interplay of tubular cells and inflammatory cells and their products. However, the involvement of DCs in ATIN is still unknown. In this study, the participation and localization of myeloid (CD1c) and plasmacytoid (CD303) DC subsets in the biopsies from patients with ATIN (n=20), lupus nephritis (n=17, positive control), or minimal change disease (n=14, negative control) were investigated. DCs were identified morphologically within the tubulointerstitium in the renal biopsies by transmission electron microscopy interacting with surrounding tubules and inflammatory cells. Direct immunofluorescence showed that both CD1c+DCs and CD303+ DCs exist in all the renal biopsies. As compared with minimal change disease, biopsies with ATIN had significantly increased CD1c+DCs (P<.001) and CD303+ DCs (P<.001). The number of CD1c+DCs in ATIN was significantly higher than that in lupus nephritis (P<.02), whereas the number of CD303+ DCs in ATIN was slightly but not significantly higher than that in lupus nephritis (P=.2). DCs in the biopsies with ATIN were restricted to the tubulointerstitium forming dense networks, and most of them maintained immature state. All these findings suggest that DC subsets may be differentially involved in the pathogenesis of ATIN. Their potential role in intrarenal regulation of immune responses in ATIN is proposed.



from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TP1Twr
via IFTTT

Biventricular conversion for Fontan failure

Abstract

Certain cardiac malformations may pose difficulties in achieving a biventricular repair, and univentricular repair may be selected for them if the Fontan criteria are satisfied. However, univentricular palliation is not without its own drawbacks. We present a patient with double outlet of the right ventricle with pulmonic stenosis where the Fontan operation was conducted but where there was early Fontan failure in the short term and she needed conversion to a biventricular physiology.

from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1RAcJjR
via IFTTT