Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone – Report of a case and a literature review of the suitable treatment strategy

Publication date: Available online 18 October 2016
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Daisuke Maki, Taisuke Mori, Masanori Teshima, Kenya Kobayashi, Fumihiko Matsumoto, Akihiro Sakai, Kenji Okami, Seiichi Yoshimoto
Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor occurring in the trunk and long bones. We present an extremely rare case of chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone with clinical and pathological correlation and a literature review. We searched all cases of the hyoid chondrosarcoma in PubMed (MEDLINE) between 1990 and 2015. Eighteen cases were analyzed, including the present case. Most of them were low grade type. In 12 cases where intraoperative findings were recorded, no adhesion to the surrounding tissue was observed. Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone is usually low grade type, and there may be no invasion to the adjacent structures even if invasion is suspected by imaging findings. In order to preserve swallowing and laryngeal function, total hyoidectomy without laryngectomy should be indicated according to the intraoperative findings. Needle biopsy is an effective diagnostic technique, but open biopsy should be avoided to prevent the dissemination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of hyoid bone chondrosarcoma with the investigation of intraoperative findings and pre-operative diagnostic modality.



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Congenital nasal cavity stenosis in children with craniosyntosis: A report of 4 rare cases

Publication date: Available online 25 October 2016
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Yew Toong Liew, Siew Shuin Soo, Anna Marie Nathan, Anura Michelle Manuel
Congenital bony nasal stenosis (CBNS) is a very rare but life-threatening cause of airway obstruction in neonates and infants. This review aims to assess the presentation and early airway management of 4 new cases of craniosynostosis with bilateral nasal cavity stenosis. Patients were treated with endoscopic endonasal widening of the nasal cavity and stenting. All patients were extubated well post-operatively with resolution of symptoms. They remained asymptomatic with stents in situ for at least 6 months with no complications reported.Minimally invasive endoscopic endonasal widening of the nasal cavity with stenting is an effective and safe way of addressing nasal cavity stenosis.



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Comparing performance of Bonfils fiberscope and GlideScope videolaryngoscope for awake intubation

The recent article by Nassar et al [1] comparing performance of Bonfils fiberscope and GlideScope videolaryngoscope for awake intubation in the morbidly obese patients with expected difficult airways was of great interest to us. They showed that Bonfils fiberscope was more tolerated by patients with statistical difference, whereas GlideScope videolaryngoscope provided shorter intubation time and less intubation attempts but without statistical significance. Given that the airway management of morbidly obese patients often presents a unique challenge to the anesthesiologists, their findings have potential implications.

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Sudden cardiorespiratory collapse associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy upon transferring a patient to the operation bed

Here, we report a case of cardiopulmonary collapse associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after moving a patient to the operation bed.

http://ift.tt/2eH5ChP

Rapid-sequence intubation of a patient with difficult airway using a double-lumen endotracheal tube with the Pentax-AWS Airwayscope and a soft-tipped tube exchanger

Rapid-sequence intubation of a double-lumen tube is difficult, especially in patients with difficult airway [1]. Here we report successful rapid-sequence intubation of a patient with difficult airway using a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) with the Pentax-AWS Airwayscope (AWS) (HOYA, Tokyo, Japan) videolaryngoscope equipped with a newly developed Intlock for DLT (ITL-LL) (HOYA), combined with a soft-tipped tube exchange catheter (TE-Soft) (Cook Medical, IN, USA).

http://ift.tt/2eYUpaM

A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Clinical Immunology, Volume 173
Author(s): Susanne C. Diesner, Cornelia Bergmayr, Barbara Pfitzner, Vera Assmann, Durga Krishnamurthy, Philipp Starkl, David Endesfelder, Michael Rothballer, Gerhard Welzl, Thomas Rattei, Thomas Eiwegger, Zsolt Szépfalusi, Heinz Fehrenbach, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Anton Hartmann, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Eva Untersmayr
In our mouse model, gastric acid-suppression is associated with antigen-specific IgE and anaphylaxis development. We repeatedly observed non-responder animals protected from food allergy. Here, we aimed to analyse reasons for this protection. Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model.

Graphical abstract

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Intraperitoneal injection of IDO-expressing dermal fibroblasts improves the allograft survival

Publication date: Available online 29 October 2016
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei, MohammadReza Pakyari, Reza B. Jalili, Ruhangiz T. Kilani, Aziz Ghahary
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme with tolerogenic effects on different immune cells. Our group has previously shown that co-transplantation of IDO-expressing fibroblasts with donor tissues can delay immune rejection by inducing local immunosuppression. In this study, we have employed a systemic approach to improve allograft survival without using any immunosuppressive medication. To achieve this, 10 million lentiviral transduced IDO-expressing donor derived fibroblasts were injected into the peritoneal cavity of allograft recipients. We showed that IDO-fibroblast therapy increases the survival of both islets and skin allografts and decreases the infiltration of immune cells in subcutaneous transplanted skins. Indirect pathway of allo-reactive T cell activation was suppressed more than the direct pathway. Injected IDO-fibroblasts were found in peritoneal cavity and mesenteric lymph nodes of the recipient mice. In conclusion, IDO-expressing fibroblast therapy proved to be a novel approach in improving the allogeneic graft survival.



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