Cochlear implantation in autistic children with profound sensorineural hearing loss

Publication date: Available online 19 November 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Magdalena Lachowska, Agnieszka Pastuszka, Zuzanna Łukaszewicz-Moszyńska, Lidia Mikołajewska, Kazimierz Niemczyk
IntroductionCochlear implants have become the method of choice for the treatment of severe-to-profound hearing loss in both children and adults. Its benefits are well documented in the pediatric and adult population. Also deaf children with additional needs, including autism, have been covered by this treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the benefits from cochlear implantation in deafened children with autism as the only additional disability.MethodsThis study analyzes data of six children. The follow-up time was at least 43 months. The following data were analyzed: medical history, reaction to music and sound, Ling's six sounds test, onomatopoeic word test, reaction to spoken child's name, response to requests, questionnaire given to parents, sound processor fitting sessions and data.ResultsAfter cochlear implantation each child presented other communication skills. In some children, the symptoms of speech understanding were observed. No increased hyperactivity associated with daily use cochlear implant was observed. The study showed that in autistic children the perception is very important for a child's sense of security and makes contact with parents easier.ConclusionOur study showed that oral communication is not likely to be a realistic goal in children with cochlear implants and autism. The implantation results showed benefits that varied among those children. The traditional methods of evaluating the results of cochlear implantation in children with autism are usually insufficient to fully assess the functional benefits. These benefits should be assessed in a more comprehensive manner taking into account the limitations of communication resulting from the essence of autism. It is important that we share knowledge about these complex children with cochlear implants.



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Hearing Preservation After Penetrating Cochlear Injury

Objectives:

To share results and recommendations for management of penetrating cochlear injury.

Methods:

A patient underwent repair of a penetrating cochlear injury after a projectile led to a traumatic cochleostomy with a narrow miss of the facial nerve and intracranial carotid artery.

Results:

Postoperatively, the patient's audiogram demonstrated a pure tone average of 47.5 dB for air conduction and 35 dB for bone conduction, worse in the high frequencies, with a Word Recognition Score of 76%.

Conclusions:

Hearing loss from a penetrating cochlear injury can be mitigated with early repair, minimizing inner ear trauma, and steroid use to treat posttraumatic labyrinthitis.

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Localization and expression patterns of TRP channels in submandibular gland development

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 74
Author(s): Motoya Fujiseki, Masahito Yamamoto, Sobhan Ubaidus, Takashi Shinomiya, Shinichi Abe, Masakazu Tazaki, Hitoshi Yamamoto
ObjectiveExpression of Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels: TRP canonical (TRPC)1, TRP vanilloid (TRPV)3, TRPV4 and TRP melastatin (TRPM)8 in adult rat salivary gland has recently been reported. The authors investigated expression of these TRP channels in the submandibular gland during early developmental stage in which the cell constitution is different, and discussed the function of TRP in the submandibular gland in early development.DesignUsing rat submandibular gland at embryonic days (E)18 and E20 and postnatal days (PN)0 and PN5 and PN28, expression of TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPC1 and TRPM8 was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.ResultsAll TRP channels were expressed in cells constituting the submandibular gland in early developmental stage, but an increase in the expression level at PN5 on RT-PCR was significant compared with those at E18, PN0 and PN28 in TRPC1 and TRPV4 channels, whereas an increase was observed but not significant in the others. On immunohistochemical staining at PN5, whereas strong reactions of anti-TRPM8 antibody, anti-TRPV3 and anti-TRPV4 antibodies were observed in cells which proliferated from a terminal portion of cells arranged tubular structure which previously constituted mostly the submandibular gland.ConclusionIt was clarified that TRP channels are expressed in the rat submandibular gland in early developmental stage although cells constituting the submandibular gland are different from those in adult animals, suggesting that these TRP channels are involved in cell differentiation in at PN5 into the adult submandibular gland during early development.



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Investigation of CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 74
Author(s): Serbulent Yigit, Akin Tekcan, Aydin Rustemoglu, Mehmet Kemal Tumer, Goknur Kalkan, Kaan Yerliyurt
ObjectivesRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common painful disorder affecting oral health, mucosa and overall quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of RAS remains unclear. RAS shows a large genetic diversity among the patients. In present study, we investigated whether CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 are associated with RAS and its clinical findings in Turkish patients.Materials and methodsGenomic DNA obtained from 387 individuals (160 patients with RAS and 227 healthy controls) were used in the study. CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations were determined by using polymerase chain reaction with the specific primers.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype and allele distribution (p>0.05, OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.70–1.28, OR 1.01 95% CI 0.75–1.37, respectively). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the combined genotype analysis of CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations (p>0.05).ConclusionsAccording to our results, we found that CD40 gene mutations are not associated with RAS. We are convinced that CD40 gene mutations do not predispose to develop RAS in Turkish population. To our knowledge, this is the first study regarding CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations investigated in RAS patients.



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Detection and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis in blood samples with different microbiological identification methods: An in vitro study

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 74
Author(s): María José Marin, Nagore Ambrosio, Leire Virto, Pedro Diz, Maximiliano Álvarez, David Herrera, Mariano Sanz, Elena Figuero
BackgroundCulture-based methods (culture broth bottles or lysis methods) have been the standard for detecting bacteremia. More recently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was proposed as a more sensitive and specific test although none of them has been validated for the identification of periodontal pathogens (fastidious growing bacteria) in blood samples.ObjectiveTo compare the ability to detect and quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis (alone or in combination) in blood samples with three culture techniques [direct anaerobic culturing (DAC), haemo-culture (BACTEC), and lysis-centrifugation (LC)] and a non-culture dependent approach (qPCR) in an in vitro study.Material and methodsBlood samples from 12 periodontally healthy volunteers were contaminated with three concentrations [10⁴,10² and 10¹ colony forming units (CFU)/mL] of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and S. oralis, alone or in combination. Samples were analysed by DAC, BACTEC, LC and qPCR. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, kappa index and Lińs correlation coefficients were calculated.ResultsDAC, LC and qPCR were able to detect the three target species at all concentrations. An excellent concordance (correlation coefficient r: 0.92–1) was observed between DAC and the reference standard (sensitivity raging 93.33–100% and specificity 88.89–100%) values. BACTEC was not able to identify P. gingivalis in any of the performed experiments. qPCR provided false negative results for S.oralis.ConclusionsDAC showed the best results for the proper identification and quantification of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and S. oralis, alone or in combination, in blood samples.



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The risk of melanoma and hematologic cancers in patients with psoriasis

The risk of melanoma and hematologic cancers in patients with psoriasis is controversial.

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Rapid visualization of nonmelanoma skin cancer

Mohs micrographic surgery examines all margins of the resected sample and has a 99% cure rate. However, many nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are not readily amenable to Mohs micrographic surgery. This defines an unmet clinical need to assess the completeness of non-Mohs micrographic surgery resections during surgery to prevent re-excision/recurrence.

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