Evidence for altered levels of Immunoglobulin D in the nasal airway mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Publication date: Available online 16 June 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Jin-Young Min, Jayakar V. Nayak, Kathryn E. Hulse, Whitney W. Stevens, Paul A. Raju, Julia H. Huang, Lydia A. Suh, Griet A. Van Roey, James E. Norton, Roderick G. Carter, Caroline P.E. Price, Ava R. Weibman, Ali R. Rashan, Eliver E. Ghosn, Zara M. Patel, Tetsuya Homma, David B. Conley, Kevin C. Welch, Stephanie Shintani-Smith, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Kathleen E. Harris, Atsushi Kato, Peter H. Hwang, Robert C. Kern, Leonore A. Herzenberg, Robert P. Schleimer, Bruce K. Tan
BackgroundImmunoglobulin D (IgD) is an enigmatic antibody isotype best known when co-expressed with IgM on naïve B cells. However, elevated soluble IgD (sIgD) and increased IgD⁺IgM^- B cell populations have been described in the human upper respiratory mucosa.ObjectiveWe assessed whether levels of sIgD and IgD⁺ B cells are altered in nasal tissue from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We further characterized IgD⁺ B cell populations and explored clinical and local inflammatory factors associated with tissue sIgD levels.MethodssIgD levels were measured by ELISA in nasal tissues, nasal lavages, serum, and supernatants of dissociated nasal tissues. IgD⁺ cells were identified by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Inflammatory mediator levels in tissues were assessed by real-time PCR and multiplex immunoassay. Bacterial cultures from the middle meatus were performed. Underlying medical history and medicine use were obtained from medical records.ResultssIgD levels and the number of IgD⁺ cells were significantly increased in uncinate tissue (UT) of CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared to control (4-fold, P<.05). IgD⁺ cells were densely scattered in the periglandular regions of CRSsNP UT. We also found that IgD⁺CD19⁺CD38^bright plasmablasts were significantly elevated in CRSsNP tissues compared to control (P<.05). Among numerous factors tested, IL-2 levels were increased in CRSsNP UT and were positively correlated with tissue IgD levels. Additionally, the supernatants of IL-2-stimulated dissociated CRSsNP tissue had significantly increased sIgD levels compared to IL-2-stimulated dissociated control tissue ex vivo (P<.05). Tissue from CRS patients with preoperative antibiotic use or those with pathogenic bacteria presence showed higher IgD levels compared to tissue from patients absent these variables (P<.05).ConclusionsIgD levels and IgD⁺CD19⁺CD38^bright plasmablasts were increased in nasal tissue of CRSsNP. IgD levels were associated with increased IL-2 and the presence of pathogenic bacteria. These findings suggest that IgD might contribute to enhance mucosal immunity, inflammation, or respond to bacterial infections in CRS, especially CRSsNP.

Teaser

Soluble IgD levels and IgD⁺CD19⁺CD38^bright plasmablasts were significantly increased in nasal airway mucosa from patients with CRSsNP. Local factors including IL-2 levels and presence of pathogenic bacteria may enhance IgD production in nasal airway mucosa.


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