RESUMEN Introducción: La rinoplastía secundaria cada día es más frecuente debido a la creciente popularidad de la cirugía estética y también por las mayores expectativas del paciente y del cirujano. La rinoplastía secundaria ha llegado a ser un campo en evolución con desafíos únicos. Para enfrentarlo adecuadamente el cirujano debe analizar y comprender las necesidades específicas del paciente y las causas anatómicas que generaron el problema y cómo corregirlo. Objetivo: Identificar los problemas anatómicos más frecuentemente encontrados en 277 rinoplastías secundarias y sistematizarlos para una mejor evaluación preoperatoria y planificación quirúrgica. Material y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 1.160 rinoplastías operadas por el otorrinolaringólogo Dr. Luis Villarroel entre el 1 de enero de 2006 y el 31 de marzo de 2015, de las cuales 277 son rinoplastías secundarias (24%). En ellas se encontraron 1.197 problemas o deformidades (4,3 promedio), que se dividieron en tercio superior, medio, inferior y endonasales, con una subdivisión de deformidades individuales dentro de cada grupo. También se comparan los resultados encontrados según si la cirugía primaria fue de otro cirujano (rinoplastías secundarias) o del mismo autor (rinoplastías de revisión). Resultados: El 85% de los pacientes presentó problemas en el tercio inferior. Los problemas más frecuentes fueron desviación del tabique nasal (problema endonasal) (56%), punta hiporotada (47%), desviación del dorso óseo (34%) y desviación del dorso cartilaginoso (30%). Las rinoplastías de revisión, comparadas con las secundarias, presentan un porcentaje mayor de problemas de insuficiente resección del dorso óseo y menos dorsos cartilaginosos estrechos. Conclusión: Existen diferentes razones por las que un paciente busca una rinoplastía secundaria. Es importante conocer las causas más frecuentes con el fin de identificar los errores cometidos en el primer caso y evitar dichas prácticas. Es preferible una cirugía primaria conservadora porque evita problemas difíciles de resolver. Esta clasificación nos ayuda a sistematizar el análisis preoperatorio, a saber, dónde estamos teniendo problemas y así corregirlos y obtener mejores resultados quirúrgicos.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Secondary rhinoplasty is becoming increasingly common due to the growing popularity of cosmetic surgery and also by higher expectations of the patient and the surgeon. Secondary rhinoplasty has become an evolving field with unique challenges. To repair the surgeon must properly analyze and understand the specific concerns of the patient and the anatomical causes of why you need a new operation. Aim: To identify anatomical problems most frequently found in 277 secondary and systematize rhinoplasty for better preoperative evaluation and surgical planning. Material and method: Retrospective analysis of 1160 rhinoplasty operated by otolaryngologist Dr. Luis Villarroel between January 1006 and March 31, 2015, of which 277 are secondary rhinoplasty (24%). In this study we found 1197 problems or deformities (average 4.3), They were classified into upper, middle, bottom third ,and endonasal, with an individual deformities subdivision within each group. The results are compared if the primary surgery was another surgeon (secondary rhinoplasty of others) or by the same author (revision rhinoplasty). Results: 85% of patients had problems in the lower third. The most common individual problems identificated were deviated septum (56%), drop tip (47%), bone dorsum deviation (34%), and cartilaginous dorsum desviation (30%). The author presents a higher percentage of insufficient bone resection and less cartilaginous dorsum narrow. Conclusion: There are different reasons why a patient seeks a secondary rhinoplasty. It is important to know the most frequent causes in order to identify the mistakes made in the first instance and avoid them. It's preferable one conservative primary surgery because it avoids difficult problems. This classification helps us to systematize the preoperative analysis and better results.
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