Publication date: Available online 24 February 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): C. Denos, I. Dreyfus, C. Chiaverini, C. Labreze, C. Abasq, A. Phan, S. Mallet, L. Monteil, J. Mazereeuw-Hautier
IntroductionLa kératodermie aquagénique (KA) est caractérisée par l'apparition de papules blanchâtres, d'un aspect fripé et d'une desquamation des mains au contact avec l'eau. En dehors du contexte de la mucoviscidose, la KA semble rare (13 cas) et mal connue chez l'enfant. De plus, l'association à la mucoviscidose est source de peurs chez les parents et les médecins. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire les caractéristiques et de discuter la prise en charge de la KA de l'enfant.Matériel et méthodeÉtude rétrospective, multicentrique, incluant les enfants de moins de 16 ans atteints de KA.RésultatsChez les 12 enfants inclus, l'âge médian de début était de 9,25 ans (20 mois–15 ans). L'aspect clinique et le mode de survenue étaient classiques ; l'atteinte des paumes était plus sévère que celle des plantes. Des signes fonctionnels étaient associés dans six cas. Le retentissement médian était de 1,5 sur une échelle de 10. Le test de la sueur était négatif chez deux patients. L'analyse moléculaire du gène CFTR, réalisée chez trois patients, était négative chez un et montrait une mutation hétérozygote dans les deux autres cas. L'évolution se faisait vers la stabilité chez huit patients, l'aggravation chez deux autres, la guérison et l'amélioration chacune dans un cas.DiscussionC'est à notre connaissance la première série de KA de l'enfant. Les caractéristiques cliniques ne diffèrent pas significativement de celles de l'adulte ; le retentissement est modéré et l'évolution variable. Un bilan systématique visant à éliminer une mucoviscidose ne semble pas justifié chez l'enfant puisque à ce jour aucune mucoviscidose n'a été diagnostiquée devant une KA isolée.ConclusionLa KA est rare chez l'enfant ; elle ne doit pas inquiéter à tort et peut évoluer vers l'amélioration ou la guérison.IntroductionAquagenic keratoderma (AK) is a rare condition characterized by wrinkled and edematous appearance of the skin of the hands occurring within minutes of immersion in water. Other than in a setting of cystic fibrosis, AK has rarely been reported in children, with only 13 clinical cases on record. Many clinicians are unfamiliar with AK and have fears relating to the association with cystic fibrosis The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics and to discuss management of the disease.MethodsRetrospective, multicentre study, including children aged under 16 years presenting AK.Results12 children were included. KA started at a mean age of 9.25 years (range: 20 months to 15 years). Clinical appearance and mode of onset were classical, with the palms being more severely affected than the soles. Pruritus or pain were reported in six cases. The median impact on daily life was 1.5/10. Some of the children underwent investigations: two had a negative sweat test, three had molecular analysis of the gene CFTR: one was negative and two had a heterozygote mutation. The course of the disease was variable: eight stabilizations, two exacerbations, one cure and one improvement.DiscussionThis is the first series on childhood KA. Clinical characteristics were similar to those seen in adults. Impact was moderate and the disease course was variable. Systematic medical check-up for cystic fibrosis does not appear warranted in children since to date, cystic fibrosis has not been diagnosed in any patients presenting AK alone.ConclusionAK is rare in children and should not cause erroneous concern, and improvement can occur.
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