Publication date: February 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Volume 145, Issue 2
Author(s): F. Smaoui, M. Koubaa, K. Rekik, Y. Mejdoub, S. Mezghani, I. Maaloul, A. Hammami, C. Marrakchi, M. Ben Jemaa
IntroductionLa gangrène périphérique symétrique (GPS) est une lésion ischémique distale symétrique touchant au moins deux extrémités, en l'absence d'obstruction artérielle proximale et de vasculite. C'est une entité clinique rare et sévère. Nous avons souhaité étudier les signes cliniques, les agents étiologiques et la prise en charge de la GPS à travers une série de quatre cas.Malades et méthodesNous rapportons tous les cas de GPS hospitalisés dans notre centre entre 2000 et 2014. Les critères d'inclusion étaient : la présence d'une lésion ischémique distale et symétrique sur deux sites ou plus, en l'absence d'obstruction des vaisseaux de gros calibre.RésultatsIl s'agissait de 2 hommes et 2 femmes, d'âge moyen 43,2±12 ans. Tous avaient des lésions de nécrose cutanée au niveau des pulpes des doigts et des orteils. Trois ont présenté un état de choc septique. Deux avaient un antécédent de splénectomie. L'affection sous-jacente était une bactériémie à Streptococcus pneumoniae dans 2 cas et une forme maligne de la fièvre boutonneuse méditerranéenne (FBM) dans 2 cas. En plus du traitement antibiotique spécifique, nous avons utilisé un vasodilatateur (iloprost) dans 2 cas et une héparinothérapie curative dans 2 cas. L'évolution était favorable dans 3 cas, avec régression des lésions nécrotiques. Un cas a nécessité le recours à une amputation de tous les orteils et des doigts non perfusés.ConclusionLa GPS peut compliquer rarement une FBM. Un examen cutané minutieux et répété est indispensable pour évoquer et traiter à temps la GPS afin d'améliorer son pronostic.BackgroundSymmetric peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a symmetrical distal ischemic lesion on at least 2 or more extremities in the absence of proximal arterial obstruction and vasculitis. It is a rare and severe clinical entity. The aim of this study was to describe clinical symptoms, etiological agents and the management of SPG through a series of 4 cases.Patients and methodsWe included all cases of SPG hospitalized between 2000 and 2014. The inclusion criterion was the presence of distal ischemic damage at two or more sites in the absence of large vessel obstruction.ResultsFour patients (2 men and 2 women) were included. The mean age was 43.2±12 years. Two patients had a history of splenectomy. All patients had blackening of the tips of the fingers and toes. Three patients presented with septic shock. The etiology was bacteremia involving Streptococcus pneumoniae in two cases and a malignant form of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF). In addition to specific antibiotics, we used a potent vasodilator (iloprost) in two cases and curative heparin therapy in two cases. The outcome was favorable in 3 cases, with regression of necrotic lesions. One case required the amputation of non-perfused necrotic fingers and toes.ConclusionSPG can complicate MSF in some rare cases. Thorough and repeated skin examinations are essential to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of GPS in order to improve the prognosis.
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