Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols supports the post-operative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to minimize the use of opioids. However, there is an increasing concern on the impaired wound healing of anastomosis associated with NSAID use, potentially causing a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. The aim was to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of NSAIDs with anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery.
Methods
A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial.gov. Studies identified were appraised with standard selection criteria. Data points were extracted and meta-analysis was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Results
Seventeen studies comprising of 26 098 patients were examined. The analysis of all studies showed a significantly lower rate of anastomotic dehiscence in the no-NSAID group (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48–2.71, P < 0.00001). The analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrates similar dehiscence rates between both groups (P = 0.17). In subgroup analysis, non-selective NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of anastomotic dehiscence (pooled OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.62–2.50, P < 0.00001). However, there was no difference in the incidence of anastomotic leakage between no-NSAID group and selective NSAID group (P = 0.05).
Conclusion
Use of NSAIDs after colorectal surgery may be associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. It is important to balance between the benefits of faster post-operative recovery and potential adverse effects of NSAIDs. Selective NSAIDs may be safer than non-selective ones. More RCTs are warranted to further evaluate the relationship between anastomotic leakage and use of NSAIDs, especially selective ones.
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