Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): M.-H. Jegou, E. Lorier-Roy
IntroductionLa maladie de Paget mammaire est rare. Elle est exceptionnelle sur sein surnuméraire, où son diagnostic est retardé par méconnaissance de la pathologie du sein ectopique et défaut d'explorations. À partir d'un cas clinique original, nous faisons le point clinique sur le sein ectopique et ses carcinomes, dont la maladie de Paget.ObservationUne femme de 44 ans signalait depuis quelques mois une douleur dans la zone d'un sein surnuméraire. Une exploration par échographie était normale, mais la symptomatologie inexpliquée conduisait à proposer une exérèse. Celle ci était en faveur d'une maladie de Paget strictement intra-épidermique de 2 millimètres, non associée à un carcinome sous-jacent. La patiente était traitée par exérèse élargie. Une surveillance à un an ne montrait pas de récidive.DiscussionLe sein ectopique, présent dans 6 % de la population, est un « laissé pour compte », alors qu'il peut avoir les mêmes pathologies que le sein anatomique : il est à l'origine de 0,6 % des cancers mammaires. La maladie de Paget est un adénocarcinome in situ rare, représentant moins de 3 % des cancers mammaires. Elle est exceptionnelle sur sein ectopique ; nous en rapportons ici le quatrième cas publié. L'originalité de notre observation tient à l'absence de signe clinique objectif à l'inspection. Des symptômes subjectifs localisés au sein surnuméraire, tels que douleur, picotements, sensations de brûlure ou de prurit, doivent être pris en compte pour permettre un diagnostic précoce de la maladie de Paget. L'échographie et la mammographie sont souvent pris en défaut. L'imagerie en résonance magnétique (IRM) peut être une bonne indication, mais n'est pas un examen de routine. L'avenir pourrait être au dépistage par microscopie confocale sur les seins ectopiques avec plaque aréolo-mamelonnaire, car cette technique peut permettre de visualiser les cellules de Paget et leur organisation.BackgroundPaget's disease of the breast is rare, even more so when it occurs in a supernumerary breast since diagnosis is delayed due to lack of exploration and ignorance of the pathology of ectopic breast. Based on an original clinical case, we provide a clinical update concerning ectopic breast and ectopic carcinoma, including Paget's disease.Patients and methodsA 44-year-old woman had complained of pain in the area of her supernumerary breast for several months. The ultrasound examination was normal but the unexplained symptoms led to performance of an excision biopsy of the lesion. This showed strictly intra-epidermal Paget's disease measuring 2mm, without any underlying carcinoma. A wider excision was performed. Follow-up at one year showed no recurrence.DiscussionAn ectopic breast, present in 6 % of the population, is often ignored, despite being subject to the same diseases as anatomical breasts: it is at the origin of 0.6 % of breast cancers. Paget's disease is a rare in situ adenocarcinoma comprising fewer than 3 % of cases of breast cancer. It is extremely rare in ectopic breast. Ours is only the fourth reported case in the literature. This case is original because of the lack of objective clinical signs. Subjective symptoms such as pain, tingling, burning sensation and pruritus related to the supernumerary breast must be taken into consideration in order to enable early diagnosis of Paget's disease. Exploration by ultrasound and mammography generally appears flawed. Breast MRI may be useful but is not performed routinely. A promising future approach may consist of confocal microscopy screening of all ectopic breasts with areola or nipple patches, since this method enables the visualization of Paget cells and their organization.
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Παρασκευή 20 Απριλίου 2018
Maladie de Paget sur sein surnuméraire
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