Are oral mucosal nevi potential precursors for oral mucosal melanoma?

Publication date: Available online 28 February 2018
Source:Oral Oncology
Author(s): A. Thirumal Raj, Shankargouda Patil, Chandini Rajkumar




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Profiling of the Major Phenolic Compounds and Their Biosynthesis Genes in Sophora flavescens Aiton

Sophorae Radix (Sophora flavescens Aiton) has long been used in traditional medicine in East Asia due to the various biological activities of its secondary metabolites. Endogenous contents of phenolic compounds (phenolic acid, flavonol, and isoflavone) and the main bioactive compounds of Sophorae Radix were analyzed based on the qualitative HPLC analysis and evaluated in different organs and at different developmental stages. In total, 11 compounds were detected, and the composition of the roots and aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers) was significantly different. trans-Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid were observed only in the aerial parts. Large amounts of rutin and maackiain were detected in the roots. Four phenolic acid compounds (benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and four flavonol compounds (kaempferol, catechin hydrate, epicatechin, and rutin) were higher in aerial parts than in roots. To identify putative genes involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, a total of 41 transcripts were investigated. Expression patterns of these selected genes, as well as the multiple isoforms for the genes, varied by organ and developmental stage, implying that they are involved in the biosynthesis of various phenolic compounds both spatially and temporally.

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Sequential Extractions and Toxicity Potential of Trace Metals Absorbed into Airborne Particles in an Urban Atmosphere of Southwestern Nigeria

The paper investigates the hypothesis that biotoxicities of trace metals depend not only on the concentration as expressed by the total amount, but also on their geochemical fractions and bioavailability. Airborne particles were collected using SKC Air Check XR 5000 high volume Sampler at a human breathing height of 1.5–2.0 meters, during the dry season months from November 2014 to March 2015 at different locations in Akure (7°10′N and 5°15′E). The geochemical-based sequential extractions were performed on the particles using a series of increasingly stringent solutions selected to extract metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn) into four operational geochemical phases—exchangeable, reducible, organic, and residual—and then quantified using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed metals concentration of order Pb > Cr > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Mn. However, most metals in the samples exist in nonmobile fractions: exchangeable (6.43–16.2%), reducible (32.58–47.39%), organic (4.73–9.88%), and residual (18.28–27.53%). The pollution indices show ingestion as the leading route of metal exposure, with noncarcinogenic (HQ) and cancer risk (HI) for humans in the area being higher than 1.0 × 10−4, indicating a health threat.

http://ift.tt/2t8N0jy

Thermal Wavelength Measurement of Nanofluid in an Optical-Fiber Thermal Wave Cavity Technique to Determine the Thermal Diffusivity

The application of optical-fiber thermal wave cavity (OF-TWC) technique was investigated to measure the thermal diffusivity of Ag nanofluids. The thermal diffusivity was obtained by measuring the thermal wavelength of sample in a cavity scan mode. The spherical Ag nanoparticles samples were prepared at various sizes using the microwave method. Applying the thermal wavelength measurement in a flexible OF-TWC technique requires only two experimental data sets. It can be used to estimate thermal diffusivity of a small amount of liquid samples (0.3 ml) in a brief period. UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure the characterization of the Ag nanoparticles. The thermal diffusivity of distilled water, glycerol, and two different types of cooking oil was measured and has an excellent agreement with the reported results in the literature (difference of only 0.3%–2.4%). The nanofluids showed that the highest value of thermal diffusivity was achieved for smaller sized nanoparticles. The results of this method confirmed that the thermal wavelength measurement method using the OF-TWC technique had potential as a tool to measure the thermal diffusivity of nanofluids with different variables such as the size, shape, and concentration of the nanoparticles.

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Asthma exacerbation prediction: recent insights

Purpose of review Asthma attacks are frequent in children with asthma and can lead to significant adverse outcomes including time off school, hospital admission and death. Identifying children at risk of an asthma attack affords the opportunity to prevent attacks and improve outcomes. Recent findings Clinical features, patient behaviours and characteristics, physiological factors, environmental data and biomarkers are all associated with asthma attacks and can be used in asthma exacerbation prediction models. Recent studies have better characterized children at risk of an attack: history of a severe exacerbation in the previous 12 months, poor adherence and current poor control are important features which should alert healthcare professionals to the need for remedial action. There is increasing interest in the use of biomarkers. A number of novel biomarkers, including patterns of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath, show promise. Biomarkers are likely to be of greatest utility if measured frequently and combined with other measures. To date, most prediction models are based on epidemiological data and population-based risk. The use of digital technology affords the opportunity to collect large amounts of real-time data, including clinical and physiological measurements and combine these with environmental data to develop personal risk scores. These developments need to be matched by changes in clinical guidelines away from a focus on current asthma control and stepwise escalation in drug therapy towards inclusion of personal risk scores and tailored management strategies including nonpharmacological approaches. Summary There have been significant steps towards personalized prediction models of asthma attacks. The utility of such models needs to be tested in the ability not only to predict attacks but also to reduce them.

http://ift.tt/2HSvfIv

‘Hidden’ occupational allergens such as additives

Purpose of review With the development of innovative technologies, new agents are continually introduced to the workplace. Some of these agents can act as hidden allergens whenever they are not declared in the product labels or whenever their health hazards are unknown. This review article focuses on the identification and description of unusual and/or hidden allergens recently incriminated in occupational diseases. Recent findings Occupational exposure is an important global health issue that can induce respiratory and cutaneous disorders, as well as life-threatening anaphylaxis. Apart from the classic forms of occupational exposure, reports have emerged from nonconventional or newly identified allergens or additives. These compounds are substances added to another in order to alter or improve the general quality or to counteract undesirable properties, and some of them may behave as potent and frequently hidden allergens. These highly uncommon and/or hidden allergens belong to several categories: foods, spices, cosmetics, insects, enzymes, chemicals, drugs, preservatives, and coloring agents, among others. Summary A high level of suspicion and awareness about the potential hidden allergens is necessary to ascertain the allergens implicated. It is of utmost importance to identify the specific eliciting agents of the occupational diseases in order to avoid strictly further exposure to them.

http://ift.tt/2oFQnZA

Evidence establishing a link between prenatal and early-life stress and asthma development

Purpose of review The objective of this review is to provide an update on our evolving understanding of the effects of stress in pregnancy and during early development on the onset of asthma-related phenotypes across childhood, adolescence, and into early adulthood. Recent findings Accumulating evidence over the past 2 decades has established that prenatal and early-life psychological stress and stress correlates (e.g., maternal anxiety or depression) increase the risk for childhood respiratory disorders. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses including numerous prospective epidemiological and case–control studies substantiate a significant effect of prenatal stress and stress in early childhood on the development of wheeze, asthma, and other atopic-related disorders (eczema and allergic rhinitis), with many studies showing an exposure–response relationship. Offspring of both sexes are susceptible to perinatal stress, but effects differ. The impact of stress on child wheeze/asthma can also be modified by exposure timing. Moreover, coexposure to prenatal stress can enhance the effect of chemical stressors, such as prenatal traffic-related air pollution, on childhood respiratory disease risk. Understanding complex interactions among exposure dose, timing, child sex, and concurrent environmental exposures promises to more fully characterize stress effects and identify susceptible subgroups. Although the link between perinatal stress and childhood asthma-related phenotypes is now well established, pathways by which stress predisposes children to chronic respiratory disorders are not as well delineated. Mechanisms central to the pathophysiology of wheeze/asthma and lung growth and development overlap and involve a cascade of events that include disrupted immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function as well as oxidative stress. Altered homeostatic functioning of these integrated systems during development can enhance vulnerability to asthma and altered lung development. Summary Mechanistic studies that more comprehensively assess biomarkers reflecting alterations across interrelated stress response systems and associated regulatory processes, in both pregnant women and young children, could be highly informative. Leveraging high-throughput systems-wide technologies to include epigenomics (e.g., DNA methylation, microRNAs), transcriptomics, and microbiomics as well as integrated multiomics are needed to advance this field of science. Understanding stress-induced physiological changes occurring during vulnerable life periods that contribute to chronic respiratory disease risk could lead to the development of preventive strategies and novel therapeutic interventions.

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Update on metal-induced occupational lung disease

Purpose of review Occupational and environmental exposures to metals can result in multiple pulmonary conditions. This article will review recent epidemiologic and mechanistic studies that have enhanced our understanding of the association between particular lung diseases and exposure to specific metals. Recent findings Recent studies have broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of lung diseases such as CBD in established industries and drawn attention to conditions that may arise from exposure to metals such as indium in developing technologies. New diagnostic techniques such as elemental tissue analysis may help establish a diagnosis of metal-induced occupational lung disease. Electronic cigarette devices, environmental pollutants, and the growing use of nanoparticle-sized metals pose additional risks to workers and consumers. Summary Recognizing the risks of pulmonary disease in workers exposed to metals and performing a thorough occupational history and diagnostic work-up in patients with unexplained respiratory findings is necessary to promote understanding and prevention of metal-induced lung disease.

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Role of epigenetics in the development of childhood asthma

Purpose of review Epigenetic marks are emerging as mediators of genetics and the environment on complex disease phenotypes, including childhood asthma and allergy. Recent findings Epigenome-wide association studies over the past year have added to the growing body of evidence supporting significant associations of epigenetic regulation of gene expression and asthma and allergy. Studies in children have identified signatures of eosinophils in peripheral blood, Th2 cell transcription factors and cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and epithelial dysfunction in the respiratory epithelium. Importantly, studies at birth have begun to decipher the contribution of epigenetic marks to asthma inception. Few studies have also begun to address the contribution of genetics and the environment to these associations. Summary Next generation of epigenome-wide association studies that will deal with confounders, study the influence of the genetics and environment, and incorporate multiple datasets to provide better interpretation of the findings are on the horizon. Identification of key epigenetic marks that are shaped by genetics and the environment, and impact transcription of specific genes will help us have a better understanding of etiology, heterogeneity and severity of asthma, and will also empower us to develop biologically driven therapeutics and biomarkers for secondary prevention of this disease.

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Health surveillance for occupational asthma

Purpose of review The outcome for workers with occupational asthma is improved for those with an earlier diagnosis. Health surveillance at work is in principle designed to identify such cases, so that the risks to the individual worker, and coworkers, can be reduced. There is recent evidence to suggest that the uptake and quality of such surveillance could be improved. This review has assessed current approaches to health surveillance for occupational asthma. Recent findings The article covers a review of the utility of questionnaires, lung function testing, immunological investigations, and other tests, including exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophilia, and exhaled breath condensate specifically in the context of workplace-based health surveillance. Summary Questionnaires remain a key component of respiratory health surveillance, although maybe limited by both sensitivity and specificity for early occupational asthma. The role of lung function testing is debated, although is recommended for higher level health surveillance. Various examples of immunological testing in health surveillance are discussed, but more evidence is needed in many specific areas before more general recommendations can be made. Evidence is discussed in relation to the utility of newer approaches such as exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophilia, and exhaled breath condensate.

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Editorial introductions

No abstract available

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The emerging spectrum of exposure-related bronchiolitis

Purpose of review Exposure-related bronchiolitis is increasingly recognized as an important but challenging clinical diagnosis. Acute and chronic inhalational exposures are associated with variable clinical presentations and a spectrum of histopathologic abnormalities affecting the small airways. This review provides an overview of the histologic patterns and occupational settings for exposure-related bronchiolitis, along with recent advances in disease diagnosis and management. Recent findings The entire histopathologic spectrum of bronchiolitis (constrictive, obliterative, proliferative, lymphocytic, respiratory) has been reported in exposure-related bronchiolitis. Recent studies have shown that lung clearance index testing and impulse oscillometry are more sensitive than spirometry in detecting small airways abnormalities and may augment the diagnosis of occupational bronchiolitis. Prognosis in indolent occupational bronchiolitis appears more favorable than some other types of bronchiolitis but is variable depending on the extent of bronchiolar inflammation and the stage of disease at which exposure removal occurs. Summary No specific histopathologic pattern of bronchiolitis is pathognomonic for occupational bronchiolitis as one or more histologic patterns may be present. A high index of suspicion is needed for exposure and disease recognition. Recent advances that may aid in diagnosis include transbronchial cryobiopsy, lung clearance index testing, and impulse oscillometry, although further research is needed.

http://ift.tt/2oC0nmK

Assessing the impact of air pollution on childhood asthma morbidity: how, when, and what to do

Purpose of review Exposure to air pollutants is linked with poor asthma control in children and represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for impaired lung function, rescue medication use, and increased asthma-related healthcare utilization. Identification of the most relevant pollutants to asthma as well as susceptibility factors and strategies to reduce exposure are needed to improve child health. Recent findings The current available literature supports the association between pollutants and negative asthma outcomes. Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and presence of certain gene polymorphisms may impact susceptibility to the negative health effects of air pollution. Improved air quality standards were associated with better asthma outcomes. Summary The link between air pollution and pediatric asthma morbidity is supported by the recent relevant literature. Continued efforts are needed to identify the most vulnerable populations and develop strategies to reduce exposures and improve air quality.

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Biomarkers and asthma management: analysis and potential applications

Purpose of review Asthma features a high degree of heterogeneity in both pathophysiology and therapeutic response, resulting in many asthma patients being treated inadequately. Biomarkers indicative of underlying pathological processes could be used to identify disease subtypes, determine prognosis and to predict or monitor treatment response. However, the newly identified as well as more established biomarkers have different applications and limitations. Recent findings Conventional markers for type 2-high asthma, such as blood eosinophils, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, serum IgE and periostin, feature limited sensitivity and specificity despite their significant correlations. More distinctive models have been developed by combining biomarkers and/or using omics techniques. Recently, a model with a positive predictive value of 100% for identification of type 2-high asthma based on a combination of minimally invasive biomarkers was developed. Summary Individualisation of asthma treatment regimens on the basis of biomarkers is necessary to improve asthma control. However, the suboptimal properties of currently available conventional biomarkers limit its clinical utility. Newly identified biomarkers and models based on combinations and/or omics analysis must be validated and standardised before they can be routinely applied in clinical practice. The development of robust biomarkers will allow development of more efficacious precision medicine-based treatment approaches for asthma.

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Asthma in inner city children: recent insights United States

Purpose of review Children living in US inner cities experience disparate burdens of asthma, especially in severity, impairment, exacerbations, and morbidity. Investigations seeking to better understand the factors and mechanisms underlying asthma prevalence, severity, and exacerbation in children living in these communities can lead to interventions that can narrow asthma disparities and potentially benefit all children with asthma. This update will focus on recent (i.e. late 2016–2017) advances in the understanding of asthma in US inner city children. Recent findings Studies published in the past year expand understanding of asthma prevalence, severity, exacerbation, and the outcomes of guidelines-based management of these at-risk children, including: asthma phenotypes in US inner city children that are severe and difficult-to-control; key environmental determinants and mechanisms underlying asthma severity and exacerbations (e.g. allergy-mediated exacerbation susceptibility to rhinovirus); the importance of schools as a place for provocative exposures (e.g. mouse allergen, nitrogen dioxide) as well as a place where asthma care and outcomes can be improved; and the development and validation of clinically useful indices for gauging asthma severity and predicting exacerbations. Summary These recent studies provide a trove of actionable findings that can improve asthma care and outcomes for these at-risk children.

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Development of allergic sensitization and its relevance to paediatric asthma

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent evidence on the distinct atopic phenotypes and their relationship with childhood asthma. We start by considering definitions and phenotypic classification of atopy and then review evidence on its association with asthma in children. Recent findings It is now well recognized that both asthma and atopy are complex entities encompassing various different sub-groups that also differ in the way they interconnect. The lack of gold standards for diagnostic markers of atopy and asthma further adds to the existing complexity over diagnostic accuracy and definitions. Although recent statistical phenotyping studies contributed significantly to our understanding of these heterogeneous disorders, translating these findings into meaningful information and effective therapies requires further work on understanding underpinning biological mechanisms. Summary The disaggregation of allergic sensitization may help predict how the allergic disease is likely to progress. One of the important questions is how best to incorporate tests for the assessment of allergic sensitization into diagnostic algorithms for asthma, both in terms of confirming asthma diagnosis, and the assessment of future risk.

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Precision medicine in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases

Purpose of the review Since the 1990s with the advances in molecular biology, a number of genetic defects have been described. The International Union of Immunological Sciences has recently updated the classification of genetic defects associated with primary immune deficiencies that now number 354. With the ever-expanding list of new monogenic disorders and a better understanding of the immunobiology and function of these defective genes, new therapies have emerged particularly aimed at the autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that plague these patients. Recent findings Immune deficiencies associated with gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are a potential category for targeted therapies to control the GOF activities of the mutated gene. In addition to the increased susceptibility to infections these patients have autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that are difficult to control with conventional therapies. The dysregulated immune functions of the activated phospholipase-3-kinase δ syndrome, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 haploinsufficiency, lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency, the GOF mutations of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3 immune deficiencies will be reviewed. The targeted therapies for each of these immune deficiencies using small molecule kinase inhibitors and fusion protein biologic modifiers will be described. Summary In this review, we explore the recent advances in precision medicine treatment of several primary immunodeficiency syndromes in which immune dysregulation is a key feature. Understanding the immunobiology associated with these GOF mutations has led to the use of biologic therapies to better control the associated autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations.

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Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting acutely with neurologic signs

A 70-year-old white male with a longstanding history of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis, and relatively recent onset of chronic cough one year prior, presented to the hospital for one-week duration of neurologic complaints including chronic and worsening neck pain, bilateral upper extremity weakness, difficulty gripping objects, blurry vision, confusion, change in gait, and difficulty with initiation of urination. His medical history also included essential hypertension, dyslipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux, and shingles.

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Displacement of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Patients with Recurrent Goiter Undergoing Redo Thyroid Surgery

Thyroid reoperations are surgically challenging because of scarring and disturbances in the anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). This study was conducted on 49 patients who underwent redo surgery. 61 RLNs were identified and completely exposed. Their functional integrity was evaluated using intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM). Indications for secondary surgery, anatomical changes secondary to recurrent goiter mass and prior surgery, and results of IONM were studied. Frequent indications for redo surgery were multinodular goiter (MNG) in 19 (38.8%) and results of cytology in 14 (28.5%) patients. The mean time interval between primary and redo thyroid surgery was 23.4 years. We laterally approached 41 (67.2%) thyroid lobes between the sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscles. 16 (26.2%) RLNs were found to be adherent to the lateral surface of the corresponding thyroid lobe. The functional integrity of all RLNs was confirmed by IONM. The remnant thyroid tissue can then lead to goiter recurrence requiring secondary surgery after a long period of time. The indications for redo surgery were similar to primary cases. Lateral displacement of the RLN which is adherent to the lateral surface of recurrent goiter mass is common anatomic variation. Thyroid reoperations based on awareness of anatomical disturbances can be performed safely by an experienced surgeon with support of ancillary electrophysiological technology.

http://ift.tt/2EZUgng

Outcome of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers in Low-Resource Settings

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are amongst the most common cancers in certain parts of the world. Low-income and low middle- income countries make up 65% of newly diagnosed HNSCC cases annually and account for about 75% of HNSCC global mortality. These countries also suffer from a significant shortage of skilled labor, equipment, and health facilities. This article discusses the burden of HNSCCs in developing countries and the differences in outcomes compared with developed countries.

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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea Secondary to Right Ventricular Myxoma: A Novel Presentation of an Unusual Tumor

A 14-month-old male presented with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and grade III/VI systolic ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border with an S4 gallop and was subsequently found to have a right ventricular cardiac myxoma. Prior presentations of these tumors have been with exertional syncope and murmur, asymptomatic murmur, or exertional dyspnea; the presentation of such a tumor with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is novel.

http://ift.tt/2oFvXQn

Barriers to Adherence With Acne Medications and Physician Intervention

This qualitative analysis examines reasons for patient nonadherence with acne medications and proposes physician interventions to increase adherence.

http://ift.tt/2HUh6KH

Methotrexate-Associated B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

This case report describes a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who developed methotrexate-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disease.

http://ift.tt/2t4tggU

Tanning and Sun-Protection Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Men

This cross-sectional analysis assesses the impact of sexual orientation on indoor tanning, sunless tanning, and sun-protection behaviors among men.

http://ift.tt/2HRGRLV

CD56 Variation in a Patient With Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

This case report describes both CD56-negative and CD56-positive findings in the same patient with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm.

http://ift.tt/2t37Xwe

Iododerma (?) in Cancer Treated With Complementary and Alternative Medicine

To the Editor I read with interest the insightful and balanced observation by Hamel and Selby. Some questions and issues arose, which I present to the authors:

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Iododerma (?) in Cancer Treated With Complementary and Alternative Medicine—Reply

In Reply We thank Dr Nwabudike for his kind remarks regarding our recent Observation. Herein, we provide additional details concerning our diagnosis of iododerma while expanding our opinion on the role of Hoxsey herbal therapy in the outcome of this case.

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Patient Follow-up Preferences After Excision of Localized Melanoma

This telephone survey study determined the proportion of adults treated for localized melanoma who prefer the standard scheduled visit frequency, according to Australian guideline recommendations, or fewer scheduled visits.

http://ift.tt/2HRGpNJ

Records Study Suggests Gender Affirming Surgeries On The Rise Along with Insurance Coverage

In a national medical records analysis, researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine say there is evidence that the number of gender affirming surgeries performed in hospitals for transgender individuals is on the rise, along with increased access made possible by Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance coverage for the procedures.

http://ift.tt/2t0hLqN

Common Knee Operation in Elderly Constitutes Low Value Care, New Study Concludes

A new Medicare records study by Johns Hopkins researchers has added to mounting evidence that a common surgery designed to remove damaged, worn ends of the thin rubbery cartilage in the knee joint brings little or no benefit to people over the age of 65.

http://ift.tt/2owz0eu

The brick building

Fenwick, C; (2017) The brick building. In: Fentress, E and Goodson, C and Maiuro, M, (eds.) Villa Magna: an Imperial Estate and its Legacies: Excavations 2006-10. (pp. 184-187). British School at Rome: Rome, Italy.

http://ift.tt/2CrMQHW

The excavation and dating of the cemetery

Fenwick, C; (2017) The excavation and dating of the cemetery. In: Fentress, E and Goodson, C and Maiuro, M, (eds.) Villa Magna:an Imperial Estate and its Legacies.Excavations 2006–10. (pp. 12-13). British School at Rome: Rome, Italy.

http://ift.tt/2GROJvz

A Pilot Survey for C III] Emission in the Reionization Era: Gravitationally Lensed Z ∼ 7–8 Galaxies in the Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744

Zitrin, A; Ellis, RS; Belli, S; Stark, DP; (2015) A Pilot Survey for C III] Emission in the Reionization Era: Gravitationally Lensed Z ∼ 7–8 Galaxies in the Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744. The Astrophysical Journal , 805 (1) 10.1088/2041-8205/805/1/L7 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2CqW7Ql

Detecting the tensor-to-scalar ratio with the pure pseudospectrum reconstruction of B-mode

Ferte, A; Peloton, J; Grain, J; Stompor, R; (2015) Detecting the tensor-to-scalar ratio with the pure pseudospectrum reconstruction of B-mode. Physical Review D , 92 (8) 10.1103/PhysRevD.92.083510 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2GQQw3S

Ly alpha EMISSION FROM A LUMINOUS z=8.68 GALAXY: IMPLICATIONS FOR GALAXIES AS TRACERS OF COSMIC REIONIZATION

Zitrin, A; Labbe, I; Belli, S; Bouwens, R; Ellis, RS; Roberts-Borsani, G; Stark, DP; ... Smit, R; + view all Zitrin, A; Labbe, I; Belli, S; Bouwens, R; Ellis, RS; Roberts-Borsani, G; Stark, DP; Oesch, PA; Smit, R; - view fewer (2015) Ly alpha EMISSION FROM A LUMINOUS z=8.68 GALAXY: IMPLICATIONS FOR GALAXIES AS TRACERS OF COSMIC REIONIZATION. Astrophysical Journal Letters , 810 (1) 10.1088/2041-8205/810/1/L12 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2CpUBOt

Molecular analysis of single circulating tumour cells following long-term storage of clinical samples

Mesquita, B; Rothwell, DG; Burt, DJ; Chemi, F; Fernandez-Gutierrez, F; Slane-Tan, D; Antonello, J; ... Brady, G; + view all Mesquita, B; Rothwell, DG; Burt, DJ; Chemi, F; Fernandez-Gutierrez, F; Slane-Tan, D; Antonello, J; Carter, M; Carter, L; Parry, M; Franklin, L; Marais, R; Blackhall, F; Dive, C; Brady, G; - view fewer (2017) Molecular analysis of single circulating tumour cells following long-term storage of clinical samples. Molecular Oncology , 11 (12) pp. 1687-1697. 10.1002/1878-0261.12113 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2GROy3n

Pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes: using materials to define cellular differentiation and tissue engineering

Lucendo-Villarin, B; Rashidi, H; Cameron, K; Hay, DC; (2016) Pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes: using materials to define cellular differentiation and tissue engineering. Journal Of Materials Chemistry B , 4 (20) pp. 3433-3442. 10.1039/c6tb00331a . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2Cu0JoI

Characterizing indeterminate (Likert-score 3/5) peripheral zone prostate lesions with PSA density, PI-RADS scoring and qualitative descriptors on multiparametric MRI

Brizmohun Appayya, M; Sidhu, HS; Dikaios, N; Johnston, EW; Simmons, LA; Freeman, A; Kirkham, AP; ... Punwani, S; + view all Brizmohun Appayya, M; Sidhu, HS; Dikaios, N; Johnston, EW; Simmons, LA; Freeman, A; Kirkham, AP; Ahmed, HU; Punwani, S; - view fewer (2018) Characterizing indeterminate (Likert-score 3/5) peripheral zone prostate lesions with PSA density, PI-RADS scoring and qualitative descriptors on multiparametric MRI. British Journal of Radiology , 91 (1083) , Article 20170645. 10.1259/bjr.20170645 .

http://ift.tt/2GROl05

When one size doesn't fit all: Temperament-based parenting interventions

Allen, J; (2015) When one size doesn't fit all: Temperament-based parenting interventions. In: ACAMH Occasional Paper 33: Making Parenting Work for Children's Mental Health. (pp. 12-22). Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH): London, United Kindom.

http://ift.tt/2CoTWgl

Nanodiamonds for device applications: An investigation of the properties of boron-doped detonation nanodiamonds

Afandi, A; Howkins, A; Boyd, IW; Jackman, RB; (2018) Nanodiamonds for device applications: An investigation of the properties of boron-doped detonation nanodiamonds. Scientific Reports , 8 , Article 3270. 10.1038/s41598-018-21670-w . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2GPMyZh

Association of the apparent diffusion coefficient with maturity in adolescent sacroiliac joints

Bray, TJP; Vendhan, K; Roberts, J; Atkinson, D; Punwani, S; Sen, D; Ioannou, Y; Bray, TJP; Vendhan, K; Roberts, J; Atkinson, D; Punwani, S; Sen, D; Ioannou, Y; Hall-Craggs, MA; - view fewer (2016) Association of the apparent diffusion coefficient with maturity in adolescent sacroiliac joints. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 44 (3) pp. 556-564. 10.1002/jmri.25209 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2Cqbp87

Monotherapy with a novel intervenolin derivative, AS-1934, is an effective treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection

Abstract

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes various gastrointestinal diseases including gastric cancer. Hence, eradication of this infection could prevent these diseases. The most popular first-line treatment protocol to eradicate H. pylori is termed "triple therapy" and consists of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin, and amoxicillin or metronidazole. However, the antibiotics used to treat H. pylori infection are hindered by the antibiotics-resistant bacteria and by their antimicrobial activity against intestinal bacteria, leading to side effects. Therefore, an alternative treatment with fewer adverse side effects is urgently required to improve the overall eradication rate of H. pylori.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and mechanism of action of an antitumor agent, intervenolin, and its derivatives as an agent for the treatment of H. pylori infection.

Results

We demonstrate that intervenolin, and its derivatives showed selective anti-H. pylori activity, including antibiotic-resistant strains, without any effect on intestinal bacteria. We showed that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, is a target and treatment with intervenolin or its derivatives decreased the protein and mRNA levels of H. pylori urease, which protects H. pylori against acidic conditions in the stomach. Using a mouse model of H. pylori infection, oral monotherapy with the intervenolin derivative AS-1934 had a stronger anti-H. pylori effect than the triple therapy commonly used worldwide to eradicate H. pylori.

Conclusion

AS-1934 has potential advantages over current treatment options for H. pylori infection.

http://ift.tt/2F8Rewq

Exploring the in situ expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endoglin in pemphigus foliaceus variants and pemphigus vulgaris

Abstract

Background

Erythroderma is a severe manifestation of pemphigus foliaceus (PF), a blistering disease mediated by IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein-1. Increasing evidence supports the contribution of angiogenic mediators in the pathogenesis of erythroderma.

Objective

To evaluate the in situ expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin in PF patients with erythroderma.

Methods

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin samples obtained from patients with erythrodermic PF (n=19; 12 patients with endemic PF), non-erythrodermic PF (n=17), pemphigus vulgaris (PV; n=10), psoriasis (n=10), and healthy individuals (HI; n=10) were processed in an automated immunohistochemistry platform utilizing anti-VEGF and anti-endoglin as primary antibodies. Reactivity was evaluated both manually (0=negative; 1+=mild; 2+=intense) and through an automated microvessel analysis algorithm.

Results

VEGF expression in erythrodermic PF was higher than in non-erythrodermic PF (p=0.034) and in HI (p=0.004), and similar to psoriasis (p=0.667) and PV (p=0.667). In non-erythrodermic PF, VEGF positivity was similar to HI (p=0.247), and lower than psoriasis (p=0.049) and PV (p=0.049). Both erythrodermic and non-erythrodermic PF presented similar endoglin expression (p=0.700). In addition, endoglin positivity during erythrodermic PF was similar to psoriasis (p=0.133) and lower than PV (p=0.0009). Increased expression of in situ VEGF suggests that healing processes are triggered in response to tissue damage led by autoantibodies in PF, especially during erythroderma. Reduced endoglin positivity suggests that an unbalanced angiogenesis may occur during erythrodermic PF. Further studies may help to confirm if the regulation of VEGF and endoglin expression in patients with PF can contribute to control the healing process and enable disease remission.

Conclusion

Overexpression of VEGF in erythrodermic PF as well as in PV and psoriasis points out a dysregulated repair process in severe forms of these diseases, and suggests VEGF and endoglin could act as prognostic markers and future therapeutic targets to enable proper healing in PF.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Reply to Happle R. And al. Koebner's sheep in Wolf's clothing: does the isotopic response exist as a distinct phenomenon?

Abstract

We read with interest the issues raised by Happle and Kluger. The Koebner phenomenon is well-established and the number of diseases apparently showing this phenomenon has grown so much that a classification of subtypes exists. The concept of locus minoris resistentiae (lmr), which helps us explain why certain disorders occur in certain locations, appears to underlie both Koebner phenomenon and Wolf isotopic response. The isotopic response was initially defined as "the occurrence of a new disorder at the site of another, unrelated and already healed skin disease". Wolf himself cited lmr as a putative explanation for the occurrence of the isotopic response. Certain questions arise from the initial definition by Wolf and the ever growing extensions of the isotopic response we see today.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2oDXyl9

Answer to Nwabudike LC and al. Koebner's sheep in Wolf's clothing: does the isotopic response exist as a distinct phenomenon?

Abstract

We thank Dr. Nwabudike for his interest in our article. We fully agree with him that the "isotopic response" is merely a variant of Koebner reaction. In fact, all forms of Koebner reaction can be taken as variants from each other.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part I. Non-syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas: classification, clinical and genetic features

Abstract

The term palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) indicates any form of persistent thickening of the epidermis of palms and soles, and includes genetic as well as acquired conditions. We review the nosology of hereditary PPKs that comprise an increasing number of entities with different prognoses, and a multitude of associated cutaneous and extracutaneous features. On the basis of the phenotypic consequences of the underlying genetic defect, hereditary PPKs may be divided into: i. non-syndromic, isolated PPKs, which are characterized by a unique or predominant palmoplantar involvement; ii. non-syndromic PPKs with additional distinctive cutaneous and adnexal manifestations, here named complex PPKs; iii. syndromic PPKs, in which PPK is associated with specific extracutaneous manifestations. To date, the diagnosis of the different hereditary PPKs is based mainly on clinical history and features combined with histopathological findings. In recent years, the exponentially increasing use of next generation sequencing technologies has led to the identification of several novel disease genes, and thus substantially contributed to elucidate the molecular basis of such a heterogeneous group of disorders. Here, we focus on hereditary non-syndromic isolated and complex PPKs. Syndromic PPKs are reviewed in the second part of this 2-part article, where other well-defined genetic diseases, which may present PPK among their phenotypic manifestations, are also listed and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PPKs are summarized.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The depth of follicular extension in actinic keratosis correlates with the depth of invasion in squamous cell carcinoma: implication for clinical treatment

Abstract

Background

Actinic keratosis (AK) may show extension down follicules, not only in cases with full-thickness epidermal atypia ("bowenoid" AK), but also in cases with atypia limited to the epidermal basalis. Previous studies have demonstrated that in bowenoid AK, follicular extension is usually superficial, being limited to the upper follicular segment. Little is known about the depth of follicular involvement in cases of iSCC arising from AK and the role of the follicle in iSCC pathogenesis.

Objective

This study investigated the relationship between follicular extension of atypical keratinocytes in an AK and the development of iSCC from the follicular wall. The depth of follicular extension was correlated with the depth invasion of iSCC. Differences between the differentiated and classical pathways of iSCC were also examined.

Methods

We performed a retrospective histologic review of 193 biopsy specimens of iSCC with an associated AK. We assessed the presence and depth of follicular extension of atypical keratinocytes in the AK, using tumor (Breslow) thickness and the follicular unit level (infundibular, isthmic and sub-isthmic), as well as iSCC being present directly adjacent to the follicular basalis.

Results

Follicular extension was present in 25.9% of the cases (50 cases), usually extending into the lower follicular segment. The iSCC was present directly adjacent to the follicular basalis in 58% of the cases (29 cases), correlating highly with the depth of follicular extension (infundibular: 3/12; isthmic: 21/33; sub-isthmic 5/5).

Conclusion

The depth of follicular extension of atypical keratinocytes in an AK correlates with the development of depth of invasion of an associated iSCC, irrespective of the pathway of origin. It is therefore important to note the presence and the depth of follicular extension when diagnosing an AK, since follicular extension likely accounts for a significant proportion of recurrent AK and the development of iSCC following superficial treatment modalities.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2HSxag3

Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation of Late Dysphagia in Patients With Oropharynx and Nasopharynx Cancer, Candidates to Combined Radiochemotherapy With Intensity Modulated Technique (IMRT)

Conditions:   Cancer of Oropharynx;   Cancer of Nasopharynx
Intervention:  
Sponsor:   Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Pisana
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2F0fwJJ

The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema – the 2017 revision and update

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential. This update and revision of the global guideline for HAE provides up-to-date consensus recomm...

http://ift.tt/2GPD1S1

Clinically diagnosed cholecystitis: a case series

Abstract

In patients presenting with classic signs and symptoms of cholecystitis, the diagnosis is made based on confirmatory imaging studies. However, the most commonly utilized imaging studies lack accuracy, especially in the case of acalculous disease. Here we discuss four cases of patients presenting with symptoms of cholecystitis. All four patients underwent multiple imaging studies, which yielded negative results. Due to persistent symptoms, the decision was made to proceed with cholecystectomy. Each patient underwent uncomplicated cholecystectomy, with resolution of symptoms post-operatively, and continued symptoms relief 6–10 months post-operatively. Cholecystitis is a clinical diagnosis. Negative imaging studies should not influence the management in a patient presenting with classic signs and symptoms of cholecystitis.

http://ift.tt/2F9dCpb

False-positive radioiodine accumulation in a huge pelvic mass after thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma, a case report from Syria

Abstract

Iodine has always been connected to thyroid gland, and the fact that thyroid tissue traps, organificates and stores iodine more than other tissues is well known, hence the use of radioiodine as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for thyroid disorders. However, false-positive cases do occur. We present a case of a 34-year-old patient who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Results of follow up TSH, thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibody tests after surgery lead to two rounds of radioactive iodine. After that, a radioiodine whole-body scan showed high uptake in the pelvis above bladder. Computed tomography scan showed a pelvic heterogeneous mass with some calcifications. Surgical removal and subsequent pathology confirmed the absence of metastasis. The final pathological diagnosis was serous cystadenoma, endometriosis cyst and leiomyoma. As the real cause behind false-positive iodine uptake by these tissues has yet to be determined, careful assessment should be considered in any suspicious case.

http://ift.tt/2t1lswx

Bowel endometriosis treated with simultaneous ileocecal and rectal resection

Abstract

A 43-year-old female noticed hematochezia and lower-right abdominal pain during menstruation. Her family doctor detected a mass by computed tomography at the ileocecum. She was referred to our hospital and colonoscopy was performed. We observed extrinsic pressure resulting in mucosal change at the ileocecum. We also observed a submucosal tumor-like lesion at the rectosigmoid. We performed biopsy from both lesions, both were benign. Ileocecal resection and rectal low anterior resection were performed for diagnosis. Redness, induration and serosal dimpling were recognized at the ileocecum, rectosigmoid and upper rectum. All lesions had endometorial tissue in muscular layer, so pathological diagnosis was bowel endometriosis. Bowel endometriosis occurring in multiple parts and where two colectomies were performed simultaneously is very rare. To determine the optimal method of treatment for the bowel endometriosis, detailed preoperative examination must be performed, specifically complete surgical resection of the lesion for definite diagnosis.

http://ift.tt/2FbpVBj

Seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen following hepatitis E exacerbation on chronic hepatitis E and B dual infection in a renal transplant recipient: a case report

Hepatitis E virus infection usually causes an acute and self-resolving hepatitis. In areas where chronic hepatitis B virus infection is prevalent, acute hepatitis E virus superinfection on chronic hepatitis B ...

http://ift.tt/2CO55CQ

"Grundbesitzer aus Estland": Activist Regionalism in the Baltic Sea Area in 1916

Kuldkepp, M; (2012) "Grundbesitzer aus Estland": Activist Regionalism in the Baltic Sea Area in 1916. Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal , 1/2 (139/140) pp. 137-165. 10.12697/%25x . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2BVP1Cg

First non-destructive internal imaging of Rangea, an icon of complex Ediacaran life

Sharp, AC; Evans, AR; Wilson, SA; Vickers-Rich, P; (2017) First non-destructive internal imaging of Rangea, an icon of complex Ediacaran life. Precambrian Research , 299 pp. 303-308. 10.1016/j.precamres.2017.07.023 .

http://ift.tt/2F86s4J

Description of new cranial material of Propalorchestes (Marsupialia: Palorchestidae) from the middle Miocene camfield beds, Northern Territory, Australia

Trusler, PW; Sharp, AC; (2016) Description of new cranial material of Propalorchestes (Marsupialia: Palorchestidae) from the middle Miocene camfield beds, Northern Territory, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria , 74 pp. 291-324. 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.21 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2BT3qzj

miRNA-126 Orchestrates an Oncogenic Program in B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Nucera, S; Giustacchini, A; Boccalatte, F; Calabria, A; Fanciullo, C; Plati, T; Ranghetti, A; ... Naldini, L; + view all Nucera, S; Giustacchini, A; Boccalatte, F; Calabria, A; Fanciullo, C; Plati, T; Ranghetti, A; Garcia-Manteiga, J; Cittaro, D; Benedicenti, F; Lechman, ER; Dick, JE; Ponzoni, M; Ciceri, F; Montini, E; Gentner, B; Naldini, L; - view fewer (2016) miRNA-126 Orchestrates an Oncogenic Program in B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell , 29 (6) pp. 905-921. 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.007 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2FaRRW8

OVAS: an open-source variant analysis suite with inheritance modelling

Mozere, M; Tekman, M; Kari, J; Bockenhauer, D; Kleta, R; Stanescu, H; (2018) OVAS: an open-source variant analysis suite with inheritance modelling. BMC Bioinformatics , 19 p. 46. 10.1186/s12859-018-2030-8 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2F37JGO

'Review of James E. Casteel, Russia in the German Global Imaginary: Imperial Visions and Utopian Desires, 1905–1941; Christian Bailey, Between Yesterday and Tomorrow: German Visions of Europe, 1926–1950'

Hewitson, M; (2018) 'Review of James E. Casteel, Russia in the German Global Imaginary: Imperial Visions and Utopian Desires, 1905–1941; Christian Bailey, Between Yesterday and Tomorrow: German Visions of Europe, 1926–1950'. [Review]. Journal of Modern History , 90 pp. 224-227. 10.1086/695924 .

http://ift.tt/2FbEsNm

The Ottawa Statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomised trials

Edwards, SJL; Weijer, C; (2012) The Ottawa Statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomised trials. PLoS Medicine , 9 (11) , Article e1001346. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001346 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2BWF8Ez

Virtual experiments in collaborative archival education: constructing a digital laboratory for digital learning

Anderson, K; Bastian, J; Flinn, A; Samuelsson, G; (2012) Virtual experiments in collaborative archival education: constructing a digital laboratory for digital learning. Comma , 2012 (2) pp. 97-104. 10.3828/comma.2012.2.10 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2EXRNK2

Motile cilia defects in diseases other than primary ciliary dyskinesia: The contemporary diagnostic and research role for transmission electron microscopy

Mitchison, HM; Shoemark, A; (2017) Motile cilia defects in diseases other than primary ciliary dyskinesia: The contemporary diagnostic and research role for transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural Pathology , 41 (6) pp. 415-427. 10.1080/01913123.2017.1370050 .

http://ift.tt/2F4jtZy

Detection and estimation of capillary interparticle forces in the material of a fluidized bed reactor at high temperature by powder flow characterization

Chirone, R; Lettieri, P; poletto, M; barletta, D; (2018) Detection and estimation of capillary interparticle forces in the material of a fluidized bed reactor at high temperature by powder flow characterization. Powder Technology 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.02.024 .

http://ift.tt/2F8Cb5I

A smartphone app to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: Identifying the effectiveness of intervention components in a factorial randomised control trial

Crane, D; Garnett, C; Michie, S; West, R; Brown, J; (2018) A smartphone app to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: Identifying the effectiveness of intervention components in a factorial randomised control trial. Scientific Reports (In press).

http://ift.tt/2BVBlqZ

SCA Tethering-PCR: A Rapid Genetic Test for the Diagnosis of SCA1-3, 6, and 7 by PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis

Cagnoli, C; Brussino, A; Mancini, C; Ferrone, M; Orsi, L; Salmin, P; Pappi, P; ... Brusco, A; + view all Cagnoli, C; Brussino, A; Mancini, C; Ferrone, M; Orsi, L; Salmin, P; Pappi, P; Giorgio, E; Pozzi, E; Cavalieri, S; Di Gregorio, E; Ferrero, M; Filla, A; De Michele, G; Gellera, C; Mariotti, C; Nethisinghe, S; Giunti, P; Stevanin, G; Brusco, A; - view fewer (2018) SCA Tethering-PCR: A Rapid Genetic Test for the Diagnosis of SCA1-3, 6, and 7 by PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.12.006 . (In press).

http://ift.tt/2EVF9Lw

Coupling of Rigor Mortis and Intestinal Necrosis During C. elegans Organismal Death

Galimov, E; Pryor, R; POOLE, S; Benedetto, A; Pincus, Z; Gems, D; (2018) Coupling of Rigor Mortis and Intestinal Necrosis During C. elegans Organismal Death. Cell Reports (In press).

http://ift.tt/2BTmcGJ

Introduction: Making parenting work for children’s mental health

Essau, CA; Allen, JL; (2015) Introduction: Making parenting work for children's mental health. In: Essau, CA and Allen, JL, (eds.) UNSPECIFIED (pp. 1-2). Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health: London, United Kingdom.

http://ift.tt/2F6O8ZR

Environmental Context Detection for Adaptive Navigation using GNSS Measurements from a Smartphone

Gao, H; Groves, D; (2018) Environmental Context Detection for Adaptive Navigation using GNSS Measurements from a Smartphone. Navigation 10.1002/navi.221 . (In press). Green open access

http://ift.tt/2BUYslr

The Role of Aesthetics and Design: Wearables in Situ

Pateman, M; Harrison, D; Marshall, P; Cecchinato, M; (2018) The Role of Aesthetics and Design: Wearables in Situ. In: CHI'18 Extended Abstracts. ACM: Montreal, QC, Canada. (In press). Green open access

http://ift.tt/2F98XDH

Targeted stem cells expressing TRAIL as a therapy for lung Cancer TACTICAL: a phase I/II trial

Sage, E; Davies, A; Kolluri, K; Patrick, S; Weil, B; Rego, RVTP; Edwards, A; ... Janes, SM; + view all Sage, E; Davies, A; Kolluri, K; Patrick, S; Weil, B; Rego, RVTP; Edwards, A; Bain, O; Santilli, G; Thakrar, R; Champion, K; Day, A; Popova, B; Fullen, D; Thrasher, A; Kalber, T; Forster, M; Lythgoe, M; Lowdell, M; Janes, SM; - view fewer (2018) Targeted stem cells expressing TRAIL as a therapy for lung Cancer TACTICAL: a phase I/II trial. Presented at: UNSPECIFIED.

http://ift.tt/2BVOU9O

Uses of biologics in allergic diseases: what to choose and when

Publication date: Available online 27 February 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Tara Vinyette Saco, Amber Pepper, Thomas B. Casale




http://ift.tt/2BWzMcn

The Eosinophil: for better or worse, in sickness and in health

Publication date: Available online 27 February 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Bruce S. Bochner




http://ift.tt/2FErdTw

Epinephrine auto-injector needle lengths can both subcutaneous and periosteal/intraosseous injection be avoided?

Publication date: Available online 27 February 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Sten Dreborg, Laura Kim, Gina Tsai, Harold Kim
BackgroundAdministration of epinephrine should be intramuscularly in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. The length of the epinephrine autoinjector, EAI, needle should assure intramuscular injection.ObjectiveTo discuss suitable needle lengths of EAIs based on ultrasound measurements related to weight.MethodsThe skin to muscle distance (STMD) and skin to bone distance (STBD) was measured by ultrasound on the mid third anterolateral area of the right thigh, applying either high pressure (max)(8 lb.)(HPEAI) or low pressure (min)(LPEAI) on an ultra-sound probe. Three hundred two children and adolescents and 99 adults were included. The STMDmax and STMDmin as well as the STBDmax and STBDmin were estimated.ResultsUsing HPEAIs, the risk of periosteal/intraosseous penetration was 32% in children weighing less than 15 kg. The risk of subcutaneous injection was 12% in adolescents and 33% in adults. With LPEAIs, there was no risk of periosteal/intraosseous injection and the risk of subcutaneous injections in adolescents and adults was less, 2 and 10%, respectively. A new EAI aimed for injection in small children would have no risk of periosteal/intraosseous injection but 71% chance of subcutaneous deposit of epinephrine.ConclusionCommon HPEAIs have a high risk of periosteal/intraosseous penetration in children and subcutaneous injections in overweight and obese adults. The LPEAIs have some risk of subcutaneous injection in adults. HPEAIs 0.1 mg epinephrine and shorter needle has no risk of periosteal/intraosseous injection but a high risk of subcutaneous deposit. For use in adult, over-weight/obese patients, HPEAIs and LPEAIs should have longer needles. Future studies should focus on the triggering pressures and the variations in needle length.



http://ift.tt/2t9IOAb

Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting acutely with neurologic signs

Publication date: Available online 28 February 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Barbara A. Brunet, Rebecca M. Sugg, Patricia Stewart




http://ift.tt/2FGMU5m

In vitro investigation on probiotic, anti-Candida, and antibiofilm properties of Lactobacillus pentosus strain LAP1

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 89
Author(s): Chirom Aarti, Ameer Khusro, Rakesh Varghese, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Paul Agastian, Naïf Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Soundharrajan Ilavenil, Ki Choon Choi
ObjectiveTo investigate the probiotic characteristics, anti-Candida activity, and antibiofilm attributes of Hentak derived Lactobacillus pentosus strain LAP1.DesignThe probiotic properties of strain LAP1 was depicted by adapting standard protocols. The anti-Candida and antibiofilm properties of isolate were determined using agar well diffusion assay and ELISA reader test, respectively. The time-kill assay was performed using viable colony count assay. Further, the co-aggregation property of strain LAP1 was determined based on standard methodology.ResultsStrain LAP1 exhibited not only tolerance to acidic pH but also showed resistivity (P ≤ 0.05) to simulated gastric juice exposure. Similarly, the strain was able to tolerate bile salt, showed hyperproteolytic activity, and also depicted susceptibility to most of the antibiotics tested. Auto-aggregation phenomenon (37.5–60%), hydrophobicity nature (42.85%), and survival potentiality of strain LAP1 under freeze-dried condition (9.0 ± 0.01 log CFU/ml) made the isolate a promising probiotic candidate. Cell-free neutralized supernatant (CFNS) of strain LAP1 exhibited potent antifungal activities against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei with arbitrary unit of 150 ± 4.34, 200 ± 5.21, and 130 ± 5.13 AU/ml, respectively and depicted remarkable reduction in the biofilm formation of respective Candida sp. in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, time-kill assay data provided the growth inhibition of all Candida sp. in a time dependent manner. Additionally, strain LAP1 revealed significant co-aggregate percentage with C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei.ConclusionsL. pentosus strain LAP1 exhibited a good probiotic characteristics, potent anti-Candida activity, and significant antibiofilm property that could be undoubtedly recommended for its vast applications not only in food industries but also as biotherapeutic agent against Candida infections in pharmaceutical industries.



http://ift.tt/2Fehaqx

Role of T1 mapping as a complementary tool to T2* for non-invasive cardiac iron overload assessment

Torlasco, C; Cassinerio, E; Roghi, A; Faini, A; Capecchi, M; Abdel-Gadir, A; Giannattasio, C; ... Pedrotti, P; + view all Torlasco, C; Cassinerio, E; Roghi, A; Faini, A; Capecchi, M; Abdel-Gadir, A; Giannattasio, C; Parati, G; Moon, JC; Cappellini, MD; Pedrotti, P; - view fewer (2018) Role of T1 mapping as a complementary tool to T2* for non-invasive cardiac iron overload assessment. PLoS One , 13 (2) , Article e0192890. 10.1371/journal.pone.0192890 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2sY4FKy

A multicentre study of validity and reliability of responses to hand cold challenge as measured by laser speckle contrast imaging and thermography: outcome measures for systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon

Wilkinson, JD; Leggett, SA; Marjanovic, EJ; Moore, TL; Allen, J; Anderson, ME; Britton, J; ... Murray, AK; + view all Wilkinson, JD; Leggett, SA; Marjanovic, EJ; Moore, TL; Allen, J; Anderson, ME; Britton, J; Buch, MH; Galdo, FD; Denton, CP; Dinsdale, G; Griffiths, B; Hall, F; Howell, K; MacDonald, A; McHugh, NJ; Manning, JB; Pauling, JD; Roberts, C; Shipley, JA; Herrick, AL; Murray, AK; - view fewer (2018) A multicentre study of validity and reliability of responses to hand cold challenge as measured by laser speckle contrast imaging and thermography: outcome measures for systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon. Arthritis Rheumatology 10.1002/art.40457 . (In press).

http://ift.tt/2FdRZEa

Autologous fat transfer in the successful treatment of upper limb linear morphoea

Mura, S; Fin, A; Parodi, PC; Denton, CP; Howell, KJ; Rampino Cordaro, E; (2018) Autologous fat transfer in the successful treatment of upper limb linear morphoea. [Letter]. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology (In press).

http://ift.tt/2COHuBZ

Development of systemic sclerosis in transgender females: a case series and review of the literature

Campochiaro, C; Host, LV; Ong, VH; Denton, CP; (2018) Development of systemic sclerosis in transgender females: a case series and review of the literature. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology (In press).

http://ift.tt/2ovQqbd

Re: Jochen Walz. The "PROMIS" of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cost Effectiveness in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis? Eur Urol 2018;73:31-2

Faria, R; Soares, MO; Spackman, E; Ahmed, HU; Brown, LC; Kaplan, R; Emberton, M; Faria, R; Soares, MO; Spackman, E; Ahmed, HU; Brown, LC; Kaplan, R; Emberton, M; Sculpher, MJ; - view fewer (2018) Re: Jochen Walz. The "PROMIS" of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cost Effectiveness in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis? Eur Urol 2018;73:31-2. [Letter]. European Urology 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.02.003 . (In press).

http://ift.tt/2CMCKgf

To meet in Moorfields: the places and spaces of revolt in early modern London

Peacey, JT; (2017) To meet in Moorfields: the places and spaces of revolt in early modern London. In: D'Amico, J and Bravo, P, (eds.) Territoires, lieux et espaces de la révolte : XIVe-XVIIIe siècles. (pp. 127-140). Editions Universitaires de Dijon: Dijon, France.

http://ift.tt/2F8kN0T

Delayed cone-opponent signals in the luminance pathway

Stockman, A; Henning, GB; Anwar, S; Starba, R; Rider, AT; (2018) Delayed cone-opponent signals in the luminance pathway. Journal of Vision , 18 (2) , Article 6. 10.1167/18.2.6 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2t3yF7N

Karl Bunsen sul primo incontro di Niebhur e Leopardi

Palandri, E; (2015) Karl Bunsen sul primo incontro di Niebhur e Leopardi. In: Studi sul Sette-Ottocento offerti a Marinella Columni. (pp. 147-155). Edizioni Ca' Foscari: Venice, Italy. Gold open access

http://ift.tt/2FcroHN

YAP/TAZ-CDC42 signaling regulates vascular tip cell migration

Sakabe, M; Fan, J; Odaka, Y; Liu, N; Hassan, A; Duan, X; Stump, P; ... Xin, M; + view all Sakabe, M; Fan, J; Odaka, Y; Liu, N; Hassan, A; Duan, X; Stump, P; Byerly, L; Donaldson, M; Hao, J; Fruttiger, M; Lu, QR; Zheng, Y; Lang, RA; Xin, M; - view fewer (2017) YAP/TAZ-CDC42 signaling regulates vascular tip cell migration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 114 (41) pp. 10918-10923. 10.1073/pnas.1704030114 .

http://ift.tt/2CMhSWG

Prostate Cancer and the impact on couples: a qualitative metasynthesis

Rivas, CA; Collaco, N; Matheson, L; Nayoan, J; Wagland;, R; Gavin, A; Glaser, A; Rivas, CA; Collaco, N; Matheson, L; Nayoan, J; Wagland;, R; Gavin, A; Glaser, A; Watson, E; - view fewer (2018) Prostate Cancer and the impact on couples: a qualitative metasynthesis. Supportive Care in Cancer (In press).

http://ift.tt/2ovPTWN

"I couldn't think of anything worse than going there to be honest": Science museums, science centres and non-participation

Dawson, E; (2012) "I couldn't think of anything worse than going there to be honest": Science museums, science centres and non-participation. Informal Learning Review , 115 pp. 1-6.

http://ift.tt/2COk2VI

What is science communication?

Dawson, E; (2013) What is science communication? Catalyst: Secondary Science Review , 24 (1) pp. 4-5.

http://ift.tt/2F8LouJ

Working in Science Communication

Dawson, E; (2013) Working in Science Communication. Catalyst: Secondary Science Review , 24 (1) pp. 6-8.

http://ift.tt/2CKjzDL

Modelling of irregular-shaped cement particles and microstructural development of Portland cement

Liu, C; Huang, R; Zhang, Y; Liu, Z; Zhang, M; (2018) Modelling of irregular-shaped cement particles and microstructural development of Portland cement. Construction and Building Materials , 168 pp. 362-378. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.142 .

http://ift.tt/2oyS7ET

Glass production in the first millennium CE: a compositional perspective

Freestone, I; Glass production in the first millennium CE: a compositional perspective. In: Klimscha, F and Karlsen, HJ and Hansen, S and Renn, J, (eds.) Glas und Glasproduktion in Ur- und Frühgeschichtlicher Zeit. Edition TOPOI: Berlin, Germany.

http://ift.tt/2t4mEPu

HIC2 regulates isoform switching during maturation of the cardiovascular system

Dykes, IM; van Bueren, KL; Scambler, PJ; (2018) HIC2 regulates isoform switching during maturation of the cardiovascular system. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology , 114 pp. 29-37. 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.10.007 . Green open access

http://ift.tt/2FbxEQ8

Randomised response: over het hoe en waarom van privacy-bescherming

Van Den Hout, ADL; Altorf, M; (2012) Randomised response: over het hoe en waarom van privacy-bescherming. STAtOR , 3-4 pp. 33-36.

http://ift.tt/2t37tGk

No future in archaeological heritage management?

Högberg, A; Holtorf, C; May, S; Wollentz, G; (2018) No future in archaeological heritage management? World Archaeology 10.1080/00438243.2017.1406398 . (In press). Green open access

http://ift.tt/2FcOdeg

Redefining ecosystem multifunctionality

Manning, P; van der Plas, F; Soliveres, S; Allan, E; Maestre, FT; Mace, G; Whittingham, MJ; Manning, P; van der Plas, F; Soliveres, S; Allan, E; Maestre, FT; Mace, G; Whittingham, MJ; Fischer, M; - view fewer (2018) Redefining ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature Ecology and Evolution , 2 (3) pp. 427-436. 10.1038/s41559-017-0461-7 .

http://ift.tt/2t2e8ke

A Survey of Formation Control and Motion Planning of Multiple Unmanned Vehicles

Liu, Y; Bucknall, R; (2018) A Survey of Formation Control and Motion Planning of Multiple Unmanned Vehicles. Robotica (In press).

http://ift.tt/2ovvQYw

Impact of Previous Biologic Use on Efficacy and Safety of Brodalumab and Ustekinumab in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: Integrated Analysis of AMAGINE-2 and AMAGINE-3

Abstract

Background

Biologics used increasingly used for treating moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Efficacy may differ in patients with previous biologics exposure.

Objective

To investigate the impact of previous biologic exposure on efficacy and safety of brodalumab and ustekinumab in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Methods

Two placebo- and ustekinumab-controlled phase 3 clinical trials. Initial 12-week induction phase where patients were treated with brodalumab (210mg Q2W or 140mg Q2W), ustekinumab or placebo. Efficacy endpoints included: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) and Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA 0/1) versus placebo, PASI 100 versus ustekinumab, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI). Adverse events were monitored throughout.

Results

493 patients (334 [27%] brodalumab 210 mg Q2W and 159 [26%] ustekinumab) received prior biologics exposure; 150 (12%) and 62 (10%) reporting previously failed biologic. Brodalumab efficacy in patients with or without previous biologics exposure was statistically equivalent; 40.9% and 39.5% of bio-naïve and -experienced patients achieved PASI 100 at Week 12, compared with 21.1% and 17.0% with ustekinumab (both P<0.001). In patients where prior biologics had been successful or failed, 41.7% and 32.0% achieved PASI 100, compared with 21.1% and 11.3% with ustekinumab. Tolerability was similar, and did not appear to be influenced by previous biologic treatment.

Conclusions

Efficacy of brodalumab 210 mg Q2W was similar regardless of prior biologic therapy (P=0.31, 0.32 and 0.64 for PASI 75, 90, and 100 respectively). Almost twice as many patients achieved PASI 100 or complete clearance at Week 12 compared with ustekinumab; differences most noticeable where previous biologics had failed. Both treatments were well tolerated.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Risk of intraocular and other extracutaneous involvement in patients with cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma

Abstract

Background/Objectives

Cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma is an uncommon, usually benign disease affecting infants and young children. Ocular and other systemic involvement have been reported, but their incidence is unclear, and the utility of routine screening is not well established. Our aim was to characterize the risk of ocular and systemic complications in children with cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical charts of children with cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma seen at Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, between January 2000 and December 2015. A comprehensive literature review was also performed.

Results

Of 338 children with cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma, 76 (median age 6 months, 51% female) met inclusion criteria. The most frequently involved site was the head and neck region (40%). In 39 patients (51%), there was a single lesion. Multiple lesions (>5) were evident in 20 patients (26%). Most cutaneous juvenile xanthogranulomas were micronodular (77%). None of the patients had ocular involvement. One patient had multiple asymptomatic hepatic nodules on imaging that regressed spontaneously within several months. Literature review of pediatric cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma series, including our cohort, revealed that the incidence of ocular manifestations is 0.24% (7/2949) and of systemic manifestations is 0.75% (22/2949).

Conclusion

Cutaneous juvenile xanthogranulomas are generally limited to the skin. Because eye involvement is rare, a routine eye examination is of low yield and probably not warranted in children with no ocular or visual symptoms. New recommendations for systemic screening could not be drawn from this study.

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Familial papular epidermal nevus with “skyline” basal cell layer and multiple pilomatricomas: A new association?

Abstract

Papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer is a newly described keratinocytic nevus. Recently, papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer has been reported in association with extracutaneous involvement, and the term papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer syndrome is used to indicate a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the presence of papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer and different neurologic symptoms that seem to improve during infancy and adolescence. Multiple pilomatricomas have been reported in association with various syndromes. We report herein papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer associated with multiple pilomatricomas in two members of a family with the aim of drawing attention to this peculiar epidermal nevus to improve our knowledge of the syndrome.

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Color Atlas of Oral Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment Edited by G. Laskaris Fourth edition Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme, 2017. ISBN 9783137170044

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Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Circulating BRAFV600E Levels Correlate with Treatment in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


http://ift.tt/2ozzX50

Acquired perforating collagenosis in a non-diabetic patient with advanced prostate carcinoma: A review of perforating dermatosis associated with malignancy

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HLA-DRB1*04:05 in two cases of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease-like uveitis developing from an advanced melanoma patient treated by sequential administration of nivolumab and dabrafenib/trametinib therapy

Abstract

Although uveitis is reported as a rare adverse event (AE) associated with dabrafenib/trametinib therapy or nivolumab, the occurrence of severe uveitis is extremely rare. We describe two cases of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH)-like uveitis developing after the sequential administration of nivolumab and dabrafenib/trametinib therapy. Interestingly, both cases had HLA-DRB1*04:05, which is strongly associated with VKH disease, and achieved biologically complete remission after the treatment for uveitis. Our cases suggest a possible correlation between VKH-like uveitis as an AE and the clinical outcomes of sequential administration of nivolumab and dabrafenib/trametinib therapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma.

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Unusual association between digital mucous cyst and acquired ungual fibrokeratoma: A case report

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Case of pyoderma gangrenosum-like sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa in a patient with ulcerative colitis

http://ift.tt/2COanON

Landiolol hydrochloride to successfully treat refractory ventricular arrhythmia during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass

We effectively treated refractory ventricular arrhythmia (RVA) at the time of weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during aortic valve replacement with landiolol for three patients who failed to respond to electrical defibrillation. Demographic data, comorbid factors, and preoperative finding were noted [Table 1].

http://ift.tt/2oss0iX

Human factors study in untrained adolescents comparing an epinephrine prefilled syringe (symjepi™) with EpiPen® autoinjector

Self- or caregiver administration of epinephrine is considered the treatment of choice for acute anaphylaxis (1). In June 2017, US FDA approved Symjepi™, a prefilled syringe used for the administration of epinephrine (2).

http://ift.tt/2Fc2mbE

Uses of biologics in allergic diseases: what to choose and when

Choosing a biologic therapy for asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, or nasal polyps should be based on disease phenotype, relevant biomarkers, comorbid allergic conditions, and FDA approval status.

http://ift.tt/2sYrI89

The Eosinophil: for better or worse, in sickness and in health

Key messages

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Epinephrine auto-injector needle lengths can both subcutaneous and periosteal/intraosseous injection be avoided?

Administration of epinephrine should be intramuscularly in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. The length of the epinephrine autoinjector, EAI, needle should assure intramuscular injection.

http://ift.tt/2t2uvwT

Surgical Care and Otolaryngology in Global Health

Surgical access is inadequate for most people. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery established 6 indicators to measure surgical access: geographic accessibility, density of surgical providers, number of procedures performed, perioperative mortality, impoverishing expenditure, and catastrophic expenditure. Otolaryngology surgical, training, and research efforts use these 6 indicators to maximize impact and coordination of worldwide efforts in surgery. Research must be rigorous and consider the counterfactual. For otolaryngologists who want to contribute, focusing on 1 of the 6 indicators may be most impactful.

http://ift.tt/2EYDZLq

Workforce Considerations, Training, and Diseases in Africa

Surgeons in sub-Saharan Africa face different challenges than those in developed countries: extreme shortages of otolaryngologists, speech pathologists, and audiologists; lack of training opportunities; and a paucity of otolaryngology services aggravated by population growth and aging. In addition to common Western diseases, patients have otolaryngology complications related to the human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, malaria, and trauma. Less than 5% of the population has access to timely, safe, affordable surgery; 29 out of 52 African countries have no radiotherapy services. Discussion focuses on education and training, which can be achieved in several ways, some complimentary.

http://ift.tt/2FCcIiP

Melanoma risk prediction using a multi-locus genetic risk score in the Women’s Health Initiative cohort

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with melanoma have been identified though genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, the combined impact of these SNPs on melanoma development remains unclear, particularly in post-menopausal women who carry lower melanoma risk.

http://ift.tt/2FFD2Jb

The Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Psoriasis Patients Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibitors versus Phototherapy: An Observational Cohort Study

Psoriasis is a risk factor for cardiovascular events.

http://ift.tt/2BUlf0N

Dermatologists are the primary treating physicians of skin cancer in the United States Medicare population

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Dermatology and climate change

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Title: Opioid, Alcohol, and Cannabis Misuse Among Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a population-based analysis in the United States

Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) experience chronic pain and have significant physical, emotional and psychological disease impact. These patients may be at risk for substance abuse.

http://ift.tt/2EZ8Kzz

Surgical Pearl: Video chat to prevent wrong site surgery

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Similar survival of patients with multiple vs. single primary melanomas based on Utah SEER data (1973-2011)

Survival data are mixed comparing patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM) to those with single primary melanomas (SPM).

http://ift.tt/2FAyFik

Correction for Woelders et al., Melanopsin- and L-cone-induced pupil constriction is inhibited by S- and M-cones in humans [Correction]

NEUROSCIENCE Correction for "Melanopsin- and L-cone–induced pupil constriction is inhibited by S- and M-cones in humans," by Tom Woelders, Thomas Leenheers, Marijke C. M. Gordijn, Roelof A. Hut, Domien G. M. Beersma, and Emma J. Wams, which was first published January 8, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1716281115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:792–797)....

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Correction for Goncalves et al., Fenofibrate prevents skeletal muscle loss in mice with lung cancer [Correction]

MEDICAL SCIENCES Correction for "Fenofibrate prevents skeletal muscle loss in mice with lung cancer," by Marcus D. Goncalves, Seo-Kyoung Hwang, Chantal Pauli, Charles J. Murphy, Zhe Cheng, Benjamin D. Hopkins, David Wu, Ryan M. Loughran, Brooke M. Emerling, Guoan Zhang, Douglas T. Fearon, and Lewis C. Cantley, which was first...

http://ift.tt/2ovTVOP

Correction for Conforti et al., Faulty neuronal determination and cell polarization are reverted by modulating HD early phenotypes [Correction]

NEUROSCIENCE Correction for "Faulty neuronal determination and cell polarization are reverted by modulating HD early phenotypes," by P. Conforti, D. Besusso, V. D. Bocchi, A. Faedo, E. Cesana, G. Rossetti, V. Ranzani, C. N. Svendsen, L. M. Thompson, M. Toselli, G. Biella, M. Pagani, and E. Cattaneo, which was first...

http://ift.tt/2F7qcoX

Temporal-prefrontal cortical network for discrimination of valuable obȷects in long-term memory [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]

Remembering and discriminating objects based on their previously learned values are essential for goal-directed behaviors. While the cerebral cortex is known to contribute to object recognition, surprisingly little is known about its role in retaining long-term object–value associations. To address this question, we trained macaques to arbitrarily associate small or...

http://ift.tt/2F9AhSo

Targeted DNA demethylation of the Arabidopsis genome using the human TET1 catalytic domain [Plant Biology]

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification involved in gene regulation and transposable element silencing. Changes in DNA methylation can be heritable and, thus, can lead to the formation of stable epialleles. A well-characterized example of a stable epiallele in plants is fwa, which consists of the loss of DNA...

http://ift.tt/2CMbbnp

GABAergic inhibition of leg motoneurons is required for normal walking behavior in freely moving Drosophila [Neuroscience]

Walking is a complex rhythmic locomotor behavior generated by sequential and periodical contraction of muscles essential for coordinated control of movements of legs and leg joints. Studies of walking in vertebrates and invertebrates have revealed that premotor neural circuitry generates a basic rhythmic pattern that is sculpted by sensory feedback...

http://ift.tt/2owOOOo

Ridding fMRI data of motion-related influences: Removal of signals with distinct spatial and physical bases in multiecho data [Neuroscience]

"Functional connectivity" techniques are commonplace tools for studying brain organization. A critical element of these analyses is to distinguish variance due to neurobiological signals from variance due to nonneurobiological signals. Multiecho fMRI techniques are a promising means for making such distinctions based on signal decay properties. Here, we report that...

http://ift.tt/2GRn79Z

Compartmentalization of antagonistic Ca2+ signals in developing cochlear hair cells [Neuroscience]

During a critical developmental period, cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) exhibit sensory-independent activity, featuring action potentials in which Ca2+ ions play a fundamental role in driving both spiking and glutamate release onto synapses with afferent auditory neurons. This spontaneous activity is controlled by a cholinergic input to the IHC, activating...

http://ift.tt/2HQkiaz

Suppression of RGSz1 function optimizes the actions of opioid analgesics by mechanisms that involve the Wnt/{beta}-catenin pathway [Neuroscience]

Regulator of G protein signaling z1 (RGSz1), a member of the RGS family of proteins, is present in several networks expressing mu opioid receptors (MOPRs). By using genetic mouse models for global or brain region-targeted manipulations of RGSz1 expression, we demonstrated that the suppression of RGSz1 function increases the analgesic...

http://ift.tt/2GRn9i7

Targeting the cMET pathway augments radiation response without adverse effect on hearing in NF2 schwannoma models [Medical Sciences]

Neurofibromatosis type II (NF2) is a disease that needs new solutions. Vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth causes progressive hearing loss, and the standard treatment, including surgery and radiotherapy, can further damage the nerve. There is an urgent need to identify an adjunct therapy that, by enhancing the efficacy of radiation, can...

http://ift.tt/2HPl3Rb

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells form nonclassical and potent immune synapses driving rapid cytotoxicity [Immunology and Inflammation]

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are effective serial killers with a faster off-rate from dying tumor cells than CAR-T cells binding target cells through their T cell receptor (TCR). Here we explored the functional consequences of CAR-mediated signaling using a dual-specific CAR-T cell, where the same cell was triggered...

http://ift.tt/2GRncuj

Correction for Kleist et al., Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community [Correction]

ECOLOGY Correction for "Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community," by Nathan J. Kleist, Robert P. Guralnick, Alexander Cruz, Christopher A. Lowry, and Clinton D. Francis, which was first published January 8, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1709200115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E648–E657). The...

http://ift.tt/2CKPdkL

STING-dependent translation inhibition restricts RNA virus replication [Immunology and Inflammation]

In mammalian cells, IFN responses that occur during RNA and DNA virus infections are activated by distinct signaling pathways. The RIG-I–like-receptors (RLRs) bind viral RNA and engage the adaptor MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) to promote IFN expression, whereas cGAS (cGMP–AMP synthase) binds viral DNA and activates an analogous pathway via...

http://ift.tt/2HQko1V

The ZBED6-IGF2 axis has a maȷor effect on growth of skeletal muscle and internal organs in placental mammals [Genetics]

A single nucleotide substitution in the third intron of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is associated with increased muscle mass and reduced subcutaneous fat in domestic pigs. This mutation disrupts the binding of the ZBED6 transcription factor and leads to a threefold up-regulation of IGF2 expression in pig skeletal muscle....

http://ift.tt/2GR8H9x

CRISPR/Cas9 cleavages in budding yeast reveal templated insertions and strand-specific insertion/deletion profiles [Genetics]

Harnessing CRISPR-Cas9 technology provides an unprecedented ability to modify genomic loci via DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and repair. We analyzed nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair induced by Cas9 in budding yeast and found that the orientation of binding of Cas9 and its guide RNA (gRNA) profoundly influences the pattern of...

http://ift.tt/2HQkp5Z

Pivotal roles of PCNA loading and unloading in heterochromatin function [Genetics]

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heterochromatin structures required for transcriptional silencing of the HML and HMR loci are duplicated in coordination with passing DNA replication forks. Despite major reorganization of chromatin structure, the heterochromatic, transcriptionally silent states of HML and HMR are successfully maintained throughout S-phase. Mutations of specific components of the...

http://ift.tt/2GR6tat

Long-term value memory in primates [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]

Every year around Christmas we receive a visitor from the Nordic countries. A hawk keeps returning to a particular branch of a single tree throughout the entire winter, knowing that he will obtain daily treats with little effort. With the advent of spring, he happily returns to his breeding grounds,...

http://ift.tt/2GPa4pg

Antibiotic killing through oxidized nucleotides [Microbiology]

The alarming global rise of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens necessitates not only urgent discovery of new antibiotics but also practical strategies to preserve those that are currently used (1, 2). A system-level understanding of the killing mechanisms of bactericidal antibiotics holds the promise of shortening treatment time courses and...

http://ift.tt/2GR8OBZ

Interacting-heads motif has been conserved as a mechanism of myosin II inhibition since before the origin of animals [Cell Biology]

Electron microscope studies have shown that the switched-off state of myosin II in muscle involves intramolecular interaction between the two heads of myosin and between one head and the tail. The interaction, seen in both myosin filaments and isolated molecules, inhibits activity by blocking actin-binding and ATPase sites on myosin....

http://ift.tt/2GR8JOH

Liprin-{alpha}3 controls vesicle docking and exocytosis at the active zone of hippocampal synapses [Neuroscience]

The presynaptic active zone provides sites for vesicle docking and release at central nervous synapses and is essential for speed and accuracy of synaptic transmission. Liprin-α binds to several active zone proteins, and loss-of-function studies in invertebrates established important roles for Liprin-α in neurodevelopment and active zone assembly. However, Liprin-α...

http://ift.tt/2FBFBfc

Number of Obese Years — Not Just Obesity — a Distinct Risk Factor for Heart Damage

In an analysis of clinical data collected on more than 9,000 people, Johns Hopkins researchers have shown that the number of years spent overweight or obese appear to "add up" to a distinct risk factor that makes those with a longer history of heaviness more likely to test positive for a chemical marker of so-called "silent" heart damage than those with a shorter history

http://ift.tt/2oBBR56

Drugs With a REMS: Benefit/Risk Counseling to Patients

Do you know what to do when counseling a patient on a drug with a REMS designation? Learn more with new guidance from the FDA.
FDA Expert Commentaries and Interviews

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Diagnosis and endoscopic endonasal management of nontraumatic pseudoaneurysms of the cranial base

Background

Nontraumatic pseudoaneurysms of the cranial base are rare and present unique diagnostic and treatment dilemmas compared with both true aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms outside of the cranial base. There is a dearth of knowledge regarding the management of these complicated lesions.

Methods

Nontraumatic pseudoaneurysms of the cranial base internal carotid artery (ICA) were retrospectively identified at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center through a key word search of cranial base cases from 2010 to 2017.

Results

Three cases were identified, demonstrating pseudoaneurysms of the cavernous and petrous ICA. Each patient underwent diagnostic work-up with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography, followed by endovascular occlusion and endoscopic endonasal surgery, which resulted in relief of presenting complaints and ablation of the pseudoaneurysm.

Conclusion

Symptomatic cranial base pseudoaneurysms should undergo treatment to obliterate the aneurysm and relieve the mass effect. First, formal angiography is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Next, endovascular occlusion is performed, with a preference for coiling or endoluminal reconstruction with a flow diverter. Last, endoscopic intervention follows in cases where: (1) decompression of vital structures is indicated; (2) diagnosis of the pseudoaneurysm cannot be definitively confirmed with angiography; or (3) the etiology of the confirmed pseudoaneurysm requires further investigation.

http://ift.tt/2CIT3ut

Management of long-lasting phantosmia: a systematic review

Background

Interest in the pathophysiology and management of phantom smells has increased rapidly over the last decade. A PubMed search for the term "phantosmia" demonstrated a near-doubling of articles published on phantosmia within the past 7 years. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the management of phantosmia.

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published since January 1990, using terms combined with pertinent Boolean search operators. We included articles evaluating management of phantosmia written in the English language, with original data and a minimum of 6 months of follow-up, on at least 2 patients and with well-defined and measurable outcomes.

Results

A total of 2151 unique titles were returned upon the initial search. Of these, 146 abstracts were examined, yielding 7 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. All articles were predominantly level 4 evidence. One prospective level 3 study was included. The studies included a total of 96 patients, with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 11 years. Endpoints were primarily based on subjective patient responses. Management options included observation and medical and surgical therapy. Olfactory mucosa excision was the only surgical intervention studied, with short-term symptomatic improvement in 10 of 11 patients. Forty-one patients were treated medically, which included antipsychotic, antimigraine, and antiseizure medications, transcranial stimulation, and topical cocaine application.

Conclusion

Despite increasing interest in the treatment of phantosmia and reports of successful therapies, there remains a paucity of data and lack of consensus regarding optimal management of this difficult condition.

http://ift.tt/2orC5N5

A challenge-response endoscopic sinus surgery specific checklist as an add-on to standard surgical checklist: an evaluation of potential safety and quality improvement issues

Background

The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate the impact of an aviation-style challenge and response sinus surgery–specific checklist on potential safety and equipment issues during sinus surgery at a tertiary academic health center. The secondary goal was to assess the potential impact of use of the checklist on surgical times during, before, and after surgery. This initiative is designed to be utilized in conjunction with the "standard" World Health Organization (WHO) surgical checklist. Although endoscopic sinus surgery is generally considered a safe procedure, avoidable complications and potential safety concerns continue to occur. The WHO surgical checklist does not directly address certain surgery-specific issues, which may be of particular relevance for endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods

This prospective observational pilot study monitored compliance with and compared the occurrence of safety and equipment issues before and after implementation of the checklist. Forty-seven consecutive endoscopic surgeries were audited; the first 8 without the checklist and the following 39 with the checklist. The checklist was compiled by evaluating the patient journey, utilizing the available literature, expert consensus, and finally reevaluation with audit type cases. The final checklist was developed with all relevant stakeholders involved in a Delphi method.

Results

Implementing this specific surgical checklist in 39 cases at our institution, allowed us to identify and rectify 35 separate instances of potentially unsafe, improper or inefficient preoperative setup. These incidents included issues with labeling of topical vasoconstrictor or injectable anesthetics (3, 7.7%) and availability, function and/or position of video monitors (2, 5.1%), endoscope (6, 15.4%), microdebrider (6, 15.4%), bipolar cautery (6, 15.4%), and suctions (12, 30.8%).

Conclusion

The design and integration of this checklist for endoscopic sinus surgery, has helped improve efficiency and patient safety in the operating room setting.

http://ift.tt/2CISQYd

Do you know your guidelines? Diagnosis and management of cutaneous head and neck melanoma

Abstract

The following article is the next installment of the series "Do You Know Your Guidelines?" presented by the Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, workup, and management of cutaneous melanoma are reviewed in an evidence-based fashion.

http://ift.tt/2oAhmG5

Change in alcohol and tobacco consumption after a diagnosis of head and neck cancer: Findings from head and neck 5000

Abstract

Background

Tobacco and alcohol consumption are risk factors for developing head and neck cancer, and continuation postdiagnosis can adversely affect prognosis. We explored changes to these behaviors after a head and neck cancer diagnosis.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data were collected from 973 people newly diagnosed with oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or laryngeal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were additionally collected 4 and 12 months later.

Results

The prevalence of high alcohol consumption reduced from 54.3% at diagnosis to 41.4% at 12 months, and smoking reduced from 21.0% to 11.7%. Changes in behavior were dynamic, for example, 44% of smokers at 12 months were not smoking at diagnosis or 4 months. Several factors were associated with alcohol consumption, whereas only tumor site and comorbidities were associated with smoking.

Conclusion

A diagnosis of head and neck cancer can result in important changes in alcohol consumption and smoking prevalence. However, these changes are dynamic in the first year after diagnosis.

http://ift.tt/2ovO0cJ

Supine positioning for the subscapular system of flaps: A pictorial essay

Abstract

Background

This pictorial essay demonstrates a modification to the positioning, prepping, and draping technique for the subscapular system of flaps allowing the patient to be placed supine and without the need for a second assistant during the harvest or closure.

Methods and Results

We performed a literature review focusing on the positioning of the patient during the harvest of the subscapular system of flaps. A supine modification harvest prepping, draping, and position is then described in pictorial essay format. The technique is made possible with the use of a Mayo stand to position the arm.

Discussion

A literature review demonstrates limited description of nonlateral decubitus position harvest of the scapular flap. A novel positioning technique is described in pictorial essay format to demonstrate the ease and feasibility without the need for a second assistant during the case, an important goal in the era of limited resident duty hours.

http://ift.tt/2oyY6IY

Improved labelling for consumers with food allergy

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Issue Information

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Forthcoming Meetings

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Cover Image

The cover image, by Y. J. Jeon et al., is based on the Original Article Type III interferons are critical host factors that determine susceptibility to Influenza A viral infection in allergic nasal mucosa, DOI: 10.1111/cea.13082.

http://ift.tt/2GNsx5D

Sunscreen habits and skin cancer rates in patients with vitiligo in Australia

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In reply

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Ultrasound versus fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation

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Probing resonant energy transfer in collisions of ammonia with Rydberg helium atoms by microwave spectroscopy

Zhelyazkova, V; Hogan, SD; (2017) Probing resonant energy transfer in collisions of ammonia with Rydberg helium atoms by microwave spectroscopy. The Journal of Chemical Physics , 147 (24) , Article 244302. 10.1063/1.5011406 .

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The UK Paediatric Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Register: Statin-related safety and 1-year growth data

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Listening effort during sentence processing is increased for non-native listeners: a pupillometry study

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From “transitions in cities“ to “transitions of cities“: The diffusion and adoption of solar hot water systems in urban China

Huang, P; Castán Broto, V; Liu, Y; (2017) From "transitions in cities" to "transitions of cities": The diffusion and adoption of solar hot water systems in urban China. Energy Research and Social Science , 36 pp. 156-164. 10.1016/j.erss.2017.10.028 . Green open access

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Creative interventions for symptoms of postnatal depression: A process evaluation of implementation

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The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Olalde, I; Brace, S; Allentoft, ME; Armit, I; Kristiansen, K; Booth, T; Rohland, N; ... Reich, D; + view all Olalde, I; Brace, S; Allentoft, ME; Armit, I; Kristiansen, K; Booth, T; Rohland, N; Mallick, S; Szécsényi-Nagy, A; Mittnik, A; Altena, E; Lipson, M; Lazaridis, I; Harper, TK; Patterson, N; Broomandkhoshbacht, N; Diekmann, Y; Faltyskova, Z; Fernandes, D; Ferry, M; Harney, E; de Knijff, P; Michel, M; Oppenheimer, J; Stewardson, K; Barclay, A; Alt, KW; Liesau, C; Ríos, P; Blasco, C; Miguel, JV; García, RM; Fernández, AA; Bánffy, E; Bernabò-Brea, M; Billoin, D; Bonsall, C; Bonsall, L; Allen, T; Büster, L; Carver, S; Navarro, LC; Craig, OE; Cook, GT; Cunliffe, B; Denaire, A; Dinwiddy, KE; Dodwell, N; Ernée, M; Evans, C; Kuchařík, M; Farré, JF; Fowler, C; Gazenbeek, M; Pena, RG; Haber-Uriarte, M; Haduch, E; Hey, G; Jowett, N; Knowles, T; Massy, K; Pfrengle, S; Lefranc, P; Lemercier, O; Lefebvre, A; Martínez, CH; Olmo, VG; Ramírez, AB; Maurandi, JL; Majó, T; McKinley, JI; McSweeney, K; Mende, BG; Mod, A; Kulcsár, G; Kiss, V; Czene, A; Patay, R; Endrődi, A; Köhler, K; Hajdu, T; Szeniczey, T; Dani, J; Bernert, Z; Hoole, M; Cheronet, O; Keating, D; Velemínský, P; Dobeš, M; Candilio, F; Brown, F; Fernández, RF; Herrero-Corral, A-M; Tusa, S; Carnieri, E; Lentini, L; Valenti, A; Zanini, A; Waddington, C; Delibes, G; Guerra-Doce, E; Neil, B; Brittain, M; Luke, M; Mortimer, R; Desideri, J; Besse, M; Brücken, G; Furmanek, M; Hałuszko, A; Mackiewicz, M; Rapiński, A; Leach, S; Soriano, I; Lillios, KT; Cardoso, JL; Pearson, MP; Włodarczak, P; Price, TD; Prieto, P; Rey, P-J; Risch, R; Rojo Guerra, MA; Schmitt, A; Serralongue, J; Silva, AM; Smrčka, V; Vergnaud, L; Zilhão, J; Caramelli, D; Higham, T; Thomas, MG; Kennett, DJ; Fokkens, H; Heyd, V; Sheridan, A; Sjögren, K-G; Stockhammer, PW; Krause, J; Pinhasi, R; Haak, W; Barnes, I; Lalueza-Fox, C; Reich, D; - view fewer (2018) The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature 10.1038/nature25738 . (In press).

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