Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): V. Sibaud, S. Boulinguez, C. Pagès, L. Riffaud, L. Lamant, C. Chira, S. Boyrie, E. Vigarios, E. Tournier, N. Meyer
Le développement des inhibiteurs de checkpoints immunologiques (anticorps monoclonaux anti-PD-1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4) représente une avancée considérable dans la prise en charge de nombreux cancers. Étant donné leur mécanisme d'action particulier qui induit l'activation et la prolifération des lymphocytes T CD4+/CD8+, ils s'associent à un profil de tolérance tout à fait spécifique. Leurs effets indésirables sont avant tout d'ordre immunologique (immune-related adverse events) et peuvent concerner l'ensemble des organes. Dans ce cadre, la toxicité dermatologique est la plus fréquente, même si elle reste le plus souvent d'intensité légère à modérée et ne limite habituellement pas la poursuite de l'immunothérapie. Plus d'un tiers des patients traités peuvent développer des symptômes dermatologiques, le plus souvent sous la forme d'un exanthème maculo-papuleux, d'un prurit ou d'un vitiligo (ce dernier uniquement chez les patients traités pour mélanome). Des dermatoses beaucoup plus spécifiques peuvent cependant apparaître : réactions lichénoïdes, psoriasis induit, sarcoïdose, maladies auto-immunes (pemphigoïde bulleuse, dermatomyosite, pelade), lésions acnéiformes, xérostomie…Il est donc nécessaire de systématiquement caractériser cliniquement et histologiquement ces lésions en cas de formes atypiques, persistantes ou sévères. Cet article synthétise les principales toxicités dermatologiques rapportées avec les inhibiteurs de checkpoints immunologiques ainsi que leur incidence et décrit les principes de leur prise en charge.The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4) represents a significant advance in the treatment of multiple cancers. Given their particular mechanism of action, which involves triggering CD4+/CD8+ T-cell activation and proliferation, they are associated with a specific safety profile. Their adverse events are primarily immune-related, and can affect practically all organs. In this context, dermatological toxicity is the most common, though it mostly remains mild to moderate and does not require discontinuation of treatment. More than a third of patients are faced with cutaneous adverse events, usually in the form of a maculopapular rash, pruritus or vitiligo (only in patients treated for melanoma). Much more specific dermatologic disorders, however, may occur such as lichenoid reactions, induced psoriasis, sarcoidosis, auto-immune diseases (bullous pemphigoid, dermatomyositis, alopecia areata), acne-like rash, xerostomia, etc. Rigorous dermatological evaluation is thus mandatory in the case of atypical, persistent/recurrent or severe lesions. In this article, we review the incidence and spectrum of dermatologic adverse events reported with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, a management algorithm is proposed.
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Παρασκευή 20 Απριλίου 2018
Toxicités dermatologiques des inhibiteurs de checkpoint immunologiques
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