Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): E. Cesbron, J.-B. Monfort, C. Giannesini, P. Duriez, P. Moguelet, P. Senet, C. Francès, A. Barbaud, F. Chasset
IntroductionLe fingolimod est un traitement immunomodulateur oral, indiqué dans la sclérose en plaques (SEP) de forme récurrente-rémittente. Nous rapportons un cas de lymphoprolifération cutanée primitive CD30+ survenue sous ce traitement. Nous avons également réalisé une revue systématique des cas publiés dans la littérature médicale, afin de préciser les caractéristiques des lymphoproliférations associées à ce traitement.ObservationUne femme de 56 ans, suivie pour une SEP récurrente-rémittente, développait 6 mois après l'introduction du fingolimod des nodules ulcérés des aisselles et du dos, asymptomatiques. La biopsie cutanée trouvait un infiltrat inflammatoire dermique polymorphe, riche en grandes cellules CD30+. La confrontation anatomoclinique permettait de retenir le diagnostic de lymphome T cutané CD30+ anaplasique. Le bilan d'extension éliminait une localisation cutanée d'un lymphome systémique. L'évolution était marquée par une régression spontanée des nodules malgré la poursuite du fingolimod. Après évaluation du rapport bénéfice–risque, le fingolimod était poursuivi sous surveillance cutanée rapprochée, sans rechute après 18 mois de traitement.DiscussionUne revue systématique de la littérature dans PUBMED/Medline et Embase a trouvé 7 autres cas de lymphoprolifération survenue sous fingolimod, dont deux autres cas de lymphoprolifération cutanée primitive CD30+, également spontanément régressifs mais en arrêtant l'immunomodulateur.ConclusionMême si la survenue d'une lymphoprolifération CD30+ sous fingolimod semble rare et l'imputabilité de ce dernier dans leur survenue incertaine, cette association doit être connue des dermatologues qui sont appelés à effectuer la surveillance cutanée des patients traités par cet immunomodulateur. Soulignons que dans notre observation, les lésions ont régressé spontanément malgré la poursuite du traitement par fingolimod.BackgroundFingolimod is an oral immunomodulator approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. We report a case of a primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferation occurring 6 months after initiation of fingolimod. Based on a systematic literature review, the characteristics of these fingolimod-induced lymphoproliferative disorders are described.Patients and methodsA 56-year-old woman developed cutaneous indurated and ulcerated nodular lesions 6 months after starting fingolimod for active relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Histological examination of a punch biopsy sample demonstrated a polymorphous dermal infiltrate containing large atypical CD30+ cells, leading to diagnosis of primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Chest-abdomen-pelvis CT scans were performed to rule out secondary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Spontaneous clinical regression was observed and after assessing the benefit/risk ratio, it was decided to continue fingolimod under strict surveillance, with no relapse occurring by month 18.DiscussionA systematic review of PUBMED/Medline and Embase identified seven other cases of lymphoproliferative disorders occurring during fingolimod treatment, including two other cases of primitive cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders.ConclusionEven if cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders occur only rarely during fingolimod treatment, dermatologists should nevertheless be aware of this association for which strict dermatological surveillance is required. We would also stress that these CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders can disappear spontaneously, as in our case, even if treatment by fingolimod is continued.
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Παρασκευή 20 Απριλίου 2018
Lymphoprolifération cutanée primitive CD30+ sous fingolimod : un cas et revue systématique de la littérature
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