Authors: Wang SS, Bandopadhayay P, Jenkins MR Abstract Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer-related death. Immunotherapy is a powerful new approach for treating some refractory cancers; applying this 'fourth pillar' of cancer treatment to pediatric brain tumors is an exciting but challenging prospect. This review offers new perspectives on moving towards successful immunotherapy for pediatric brain tumors, focusing on pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG), a subgroup...
32m
Authors: Mermigka G, Sarris PF Abstract Both plants and animals carry NOD-like-receptors (NLRs). However, the formation of inflammasome-like structures in plants has been an open question for many years. Two recent publications (Wang et al.Science, 2019) report key findings regarding the structure and activation of plant 'resistosomes', and provide insights into the control of programmed cell death in plants. PMID: 31182341 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Trends in Immunology)
32m
Authors: Hooftman A, O'Neill LAJ Abstract The field of immunometabolism has demonstrated that metabolites can lead double lives as immunomodulators. Itaconate is perhaps the best example of such a moonlighting molecule, and has been shown to have multiple anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. Itaconate is significantly upregulated under inflammatory conditions, and can promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype by reducing oxidative stress and blocking transcriptional responses to lipopolysaccharide...
32m
Authors: Sacristán C PMID: 31175061 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Trends in Immunology)
32m
Authors: Margraf A, Ley K, Zarbock A Abstract Neutrophil recruitment is not only vital for host defense, but also relevant in pathological inflammatory reactions, such as sepsis. Model systems have been established to examine different steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade in vivo and in vitro under inflammatory conditions. Recently, tissue-specific recruitment patterns have come into focus, requiring modification of formerly generalized assumptions. Here, we summarize existing models...
32m
Authors: Phillipson M, Kubes P Abstract Neutrophils promptly accumulate in large numbers at sites of tissue injury. Injuries to the skin or mucosae disrupt barriers against the external environment, and the bactericidal actions of neutrophils are important in preventing microbial invasion. Neutrophils have also been associated with exacerbated inflammation, for example in non-healing wounds or in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, additional neutrophil functions...
32m
Authors: Silvestre-Roig C, Fridlender ZG, Glogauer M, Scapini P Abstract New evidence has challenged the outdated dogma that neutrophils are a homogeneous population of short-lived cells. Although neutrophil subpopulations with distinct functions have been reported under homeostatic and pathological conditions, a full understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity is currently lacking. We review here current knowledge of neutrophil heterogeneity and diversity, highlighting the...
32m
Authors: Cassatella MA, Östberg NK, Tamassia N, Soehnlein O Abstract Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in human circulation, entertain intense interactions with other leukocyte subsets, platelets, and stromal cells. Molecularly, such interactions are typically communicated through proteins generated during granulopoiesis, stored in granules, or produced on demand. Here, we provide an overview of the mammalian regulation of granule protein production in the bone marrow and...
32m
Authors: Hidalgo A, Chilvers ER, Summers C, Koenderman L Abstract Neutrophils are recognized as an essential part of the innate immune response, but an active debate still exists regarding the life cycle of these cells. Neutrophils first differentiate in the bone marrow through progenitor intermediaries before entering the blood, in a process that gauges the extramedullary pool size. Once believed to be directly eliminated in the marrow, liver, and spleen, neutrophils, after circulating...
32m
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου