The ESP Coordinating Center (ESP CC) is responding to a request from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Patient Safety for a rapid evidence review on implementing High Reliability Organization (HRO) principles into practice. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature on frameworks, metrics, and evidence of effects of HRO implementation. Findings from this review will be used to inform the implementation of the VA’s HRO Initiative.
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A 2012 systematic review on HIV screening for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found strong evidence that antiretroviral therapy (ART) greatly decreases the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission but that use of ART may be associated with increased risk of preterm delivery. The USPSTF previously found HIV screening tests to be highly accurate.
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Effective prevention strategies for HIV infection are an important public health priority. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regularly (e.g., daily) or before and after HIV exposure events to decrease the risk of acquiring HIV infection.
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The active device did not reduce the frequency of severe asthma exacerbations more than the placebo.
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A 2012 systematic review on HIV screening for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found strong evidence that antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with improved clinical outcomes in persons with CD4+ T helper cell (CD4) counts less than 500 cells/mm3 and substantially decreases risk of HIV transmission, with certain antiretroviral agents potentially associated with long-term cardiovascular harms. The USPSTF previously found HIV screening tests to be highly accurate.
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