Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Τετάρτη 26 Ιουνίου 2019

A Short Communication: Lamotrigine Levels in Milk, Mothers, and Breastfed Infants During the First Postnatal Month
Background: Lamotrigine has become the most frequently prescribed drug in the treatment of pregnant women with epilepsy. Although some relevant studies have found a wide milk/maternal serum as well as infant/maternal serum concentration ratio, different infant ages at the time of sampling and small number of patients preclude comparison. The aim of this study was to provide a consistent evaluation. Methods: Data of 43 nursing women treated by lamotrigine were evaluated retrospectively. The...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis With High Cutoff Membranes
Background: An optimal antifungal therapy for invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients is essential to reduce the high mortality rates. Acute kidney injury is common, and continuous renal replacement therapies are frequently used. Previous studies have demonstrated a lack of effect from different continuous renal replacement techniques on micafungin clearance. However, the use of high cutoff pore size membranes could potentially allow for the loss of albumin and alter micafungin pharmacokinetics....
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus-Personalized Therapy: Second Consensus Report
Abstract: Ten years ago, a consensus report on the optimization of tacrolimus was published in this journal. In 2017, the Immunosuppressive Drugs Scientific Committee of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicity (IATDMCT) decided to issue an updated consensus report considering the most relevant advances in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacogenetics (PG), pharmacodynamics, and immunologic biomarkers, with the aim to provide analytical and drug-exposure...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Persistent Muscle Twitching With Phenobarbitone in a Preterm Neonate—Lack of Response or Manifestation of Toxicity?
Background: Phenobarbitone is frequently used for the treatment of seizures in neonates, but it has a narrow therapeutic index. Case presentation: A 28-week preterm infant born of vaginal delivery developed signs and symptoms suggestive of ventriculitis on day 9. After an episode of clonic seizures on day 11, phenobarbitone was administered intravenously at a loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by maintenance doses of 6 mg/kg per day in 2 divided doses for 5 days. Due to suspected recurrence...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Tacrolimus Trough Level at the First Month May Predict Renal Transplantation Outcomes Among Living Chinese Kidney Transplant Patients: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Background: Monitoring and maintaining a stable tacrolimus trough level is essential because of its narrow therapeutic window and considerable fluctuation in the early phase after kidney transplantation. However, optimal tacrolimus exposure early after transplantation remains unclear among Chinese patients. Methods: In this propensity score–matched cohort study, we thoroughly investigated the association between tacrolimus trough level at the first month and acute rejection (AR) as well as...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Rapid Quantitation of Flecainide in Human Plasma for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Using Liquid Chromatography and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Background: Measurement of flecainide is useful to optimize dosage and minimize risks of toxicity. Furthermore, there is a need for urgent sample analysis when flecainide is used in transplacental therapy for fetal tachycardia. To this end, we have developed and validated a rapid assay for the measurement of flecainide in human plasma or serum, using a small sample volume (50 µL). Methods: After a simple deproteination with zinc sulfate and methanol, prepared samples were injected onto a...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Immunogenicity is Not Affected by Switching From Infliximab Originator to a Biosimilar in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Background: Rising evidence demonstrates that there are no differences in efficacy and safety between infliximab (IFX) originator and IFX biosimilar CT-P13 in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, most data are derived from adult patients, and data on pharmacokinetics are limited. The authors evaluated long-term IFX trough levels, immunogenicity, and remission rates in children with IBD who switched from IFX originator to biosimilar CT-P13. Methods: In this single-center...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Prediction of Free Mycophenolic Acid Concentrations and Free Fraction in Adult Lupus Nephritis Patients
No abstract available
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Measuring Unbound Versus Total Piperacillin Concentrations in Plasma of Critically Ill Patients: Methodological Issues and Relevance
Background: Piperacillin is considered a moderately protein-bound antibiotic (20%–40%), with albumin being an important binding protein. Although infrequently used in practice, different methods to measure the fraction unbound (fu) are available, but uncertainty remains as to what the most appropriate method is. The main goal of this study was to estimate the impact of the methodology used to measure unbound piperacillin in plasma on the fu of piperacillin; we compared ultrafiltration (UF) at...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Suppressive Effect of Everolimus on IL-2, IL-10, IL-21, and IFNγ Levels: Implications for the Successful Minimization of Calcineurin Inhibitor Use in Transplantation
Background: Success with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) such as cyclosporine A (CSA) and tacrolimus (TAC) in organ transplantation has demonstrated that cytokine suppression is a key factor in patient management. However, the exact effects of recently introduced immunosuppressive agents other than CNI on cytokine expression remain unknown. In this study, the action of the mTOR-inhibitor everolimus (EVR) and that of the antimetabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) on the transcription of several cytokines...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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LC-MS/MS-Based Quantification of 9 Antiepileptic Drugs From a Dried Sample Spot Device
Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is commonly performed on plasma or serum. The use of dried plasma spots (DPSs) could represent a useful tool to facilitate sample shipment to reference laboratories. In this article, the authors describe the application of a commercially available UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of 9 commonly prescribed AEDs (levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramate, ethosuximide, lamotrigine, rufinamide, zonisamide, primidone, and...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Determination of Endogenous Concentrations of Uracil and Dihydrouracil in Dried Saliva Spots by LC-MS/MS: Method Development, Validation, and Clinical Application
Background: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the measurement of uracil (U) and dihydrouracil (UH2) concentrations in dried saliva spots (DSSs), for the evaluation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activity. Results: Nine 18-mm diameter DSS discs were extracted with acetate:isopropyl alcohol (85:15, vol/vol) and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The assay was linear in the range of 10–1000 ng·mL−1, with...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Pharmacokinetic Variability and Clinical Use of Lacosamide in Children and Adolescents in Denmark and Norway
Background: The indication for the antiepileptic drug lacosamide (LCM) was recently extended to include children from the age of 4 years. Real-life data on the use and serum concentrations of LCM in children and adolescents are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of LCM in this patient group in relation to age, comedication, dose, serum concentrations and duration of treatment, and to examine pharmacokinetic variability. Methods: Children and adolescents (
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Substantial Differences in Serum Concentrations of Psychoactive Drugs Measured in Samples Stored for 2 Days or More on Standard Serum Tubes Versus Serum Tubes Containing Gel Separators
Background: Drugs may potentially adsorb to blood collection tubes containing gel separators in the preanalytical phase of therapeutic drug monitoring. The aim of this study was to compare measured concentrations of 28 psychoactive drugs and 13 metabolites in spiked serum samples stored on standard (plain) tubes versus barrier gel tubes during a 2–6-day period at room temperature. Methods: Drug-free (“blank”) serum samples spiked with mixes of antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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A Compilation of Serum Concentrations of 12 Antipsychotic Drugs in a Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Setting
Background: No comprehensive collection of routine therapeutic drug monitoring data for antipsychotic drugs has been published. Methods: In this compilation, data on 12 antipsychotics are presented. The drugs included are amisulpride (n = 506), aripiprazole (n = 1610), clozapine (n = 1189), flupentixol (n = 215), haloperidol (n = 390), olanzapine (n = 10,268), perphenazine (n = 1065), quetiapine (n = 5853), risperidone (n = 3255), sertindole (n = 111), ziprasidone (n = 1235), and zuclopenthixol...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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Plasma Concentration of Tamoxifen and Its Metabolites in a Neonate and Mother Receiving Tamoxifen: A Case Report of a Pregnant Woman
No abstract available
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
5m
Simultaneous Quantification of 13 Cannabinoids and Metabolites in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Adult Epilepsy Patients
Background: A sensitive, robust method was developed and validated to quantitate 13 major natural cannabinoid parent and metabolite compounds in human plasma at or below 0.5 ng/mL. Methods: A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to measure 13 cannabinoid compounds: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid, cannabidivarin, cannabinol, cannabigerol, cannabigerolic acid, cannabichromene, Δ9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
5m
Ganciclovir Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Case Series: Erratum
No abstract available
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Current Issue
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