Abstract Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors and a leading cause of death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Based on numerous previous studies, hypertension is thought to be caused by the complex mutual interactions of genetic factors and environmental factors, such as excessive salt intake and stress. However, its detailed mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a key hormonal system in the pathogenesis...
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Abstract Silibinin has been shown to attenuate cognitive dysfunction and inhibit amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models. However, the underlying mechanism by which silibinin improves cognition remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of silibinin on β-secretase levels, Aβ enzymatic degradation, and oxidative stress in the brains of APP/PS1 mice with cognitive impairments. Oral administration of silibinin for 2 months significantly...
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Abstract Hypokalemia, an abnormally low level of potassium (K+), is a electrolyte imbalance that commonly occurs in heart failure patients. Hypokalemia is well known to induce lethal ventricular arrhythmia. However, the effects of hypokalemia in failing hearts that have undergone electrophysiological remodeling, i.e., the reactivation of fetal-type ion channels, remain unexplored. We have examined the effect of hypokalemia in the myocytes of transgenic mice overexpressing the...
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Abstract Adequate oxygen supply by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen at appropriately high atmospheric pressure (1266–1317 hPa) and increased oxygen concentration (35–40% oxygen) has a possibility of improving the oxidative metabolism in cells and tissues without barotrauma and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, metabolic syndrome and lifestyle-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, in rats were inhibited and/or improved by exposure...
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Abstract Water intake is recommended for weight loss, but the relationship between water intake and energy metabolism is not clear. We hypothesized that long-term water insufficiency would influence energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism while modulating gut microbiota. Female rats were provided with high-fat diets with different amounts of water and food intake for 6 weeks as follows: water provided for 1 h per day with food ad libitum (WRFA), water supply ad libitum plus pair...
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Abstract Japanese menopausal women who feel cold, even in a warm room, are said to be experiencing “hie-sho.” We assessed the magnitude of coldness by a “hie-sho” interview score. The association between the magnitude of coldness and female hormones, fat intake, and menopausal symptoms is unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between the hie-sho interview scores and female hormones, fat intake, Kupperman index in pre- (pre group) and post- (post...
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Renal involvement in the pathogenesis of mineral and bone disorder in dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse
Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe muscular disorder, often complicated with osteoporosis, and impaired renal function has recently been featured. We aimed to clarify the involvement of renal function in the pathogenesis of mineral and bone disorder in mdx mice, a murine model of the disease. We clearly revealed renal dysfunction in adult mdx mice, in which dehydration and hypercalcemia were contributed. We also examined the effects of dietary phosphorus (P) overload...
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Abstract Appropriate cardiovascular adjustment is necessary to meet the metabolic demands of working skeletal muscle during exercise. The sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure and blood flow during exercise, and several important neural mechanisms are responsible for changes in sympathetic vasomotor outflow. Changes in sympathetic vasomotor outflow (i.e., muscle sympathetic nerve activity: MSNA) in inactive muscles during...
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Abstract Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter SMCT1 (SLC5A8) mediates monocarboxylate transport in the proximal tubule of the kidney. We have identified PDZK1 and PDZ domain-containing RING finger 3 (PDZRN3) as potent binding partners of SMCT1, which has a PDZ motif (Thr–Arg–Leu), by yeast two-hybrid screening and revealed that PDZK1 enhances the transport activity of SMCT1. In this study, we aimed to characterize the interaction between SMCT1 and PDZRN3 as well as to examine...
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Abstract For decades, high-intensity interval/intermittent exercise training methods have been used by elite athletes to improve their performance in sports. One of the most effective training methods, i.e., ‘Tabata training,’ is reviewed herein from the viewpoint of the energetics of exercise. The prior research describing the metabolic profile and effects of Tabata training is also summarized, with some historical anecdotes.
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Abstract TRPM3 is a non-selective cation channel that is activated by neural steroids such as pregnenolone sulfate, nifedipine, and clotrimazole. Despite the number of TRPM3 variants, few reports have described functional analyses of these different TRPM3 types. Here we identified a new TRPM variant from mouse dorsal root ganglion, termed TRPM3γ3. We classified TRPM3γ3 and another known variant (variant 6) into the γ subtype, and analyzed the TRPM3γ variants. mRNA expression...
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate how odor stimulation affects taste perception. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were measured from the frontal region of the head in normal, healthy subjects, and frequency analyses were performed. Each odor stimulation was delivered while the subject was tasting chocolate, using chocolate paste as the odorant for ‘matched odor stimulation,’ and garlic paste for ‘unmatched odor stimulation.’ Differences in EEG signals appeared...
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Abstract Nesfatin-1 is a hypothalamic anorexigenic peptide processed from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2). Central and peripheral administration of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 enhances glucose metabolism and insulin release. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is also localized in pancreatic islets, while its function remains unknown. To explore the role of pancreatic β-cell-produced NUCB2/nesfatin-1, we developed pancreatic β-cell-specific NUCB2 knockout (βNUCB2 KO) mice and NUCB2 gene knockdown (shNUCB2) MIN6 β-cell...
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Abstract Besides the two canonical calciotropic hormones, namely parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], there are several other endocrine and paracrine factors, such as prolactin, estrogen, and insulin-like growth factor that have been known to directly stimulate intestinal calcium absorption. Generally, to maintain an optimal plasma calcium level, these positive regulators enhance calcium absorption, which is indirectly counterbalanced by a long-loop negative...
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Abstract Our previous demonstration that severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) increases MnSOD protein abundance in the mouse kidney cortex led this study to elucidate the underlying mechanism with monensin-treated HEK293 cells as a model. Severe EAE increases mitochondrial protein abundance of SGK1 kinase and Tom20, a critical subunit of mitochondrial translocase in the renal cortex. In HEK293 cells, catalase inhibits monensin-induced increases of mitochondrial...
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