Publication date: Available online 15 May 2020Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Lucy C Beishon, Claire AL Williams, Kannakorn Intharakham, Angus P Batterham, Samuel C Barnes, Victoria J Haunton, Thompson G Robinson, Ronney B Panerai
Sat May 16, 2020 15:46
Abstract The tuberous sclerosis genes and MTOR are increasingly being found to have important roles in novel subtypes of renal cancer, particularly emerging entities eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and high‐grade oncocytic renal tumor (HOT) / RCC with eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. We report a unique renal neoplasm in a 66 year‐old woman that initially mimicked MITF family translocation RCC due to mixed clear and eosinophilic cells, extensive stromal hyalinization,...
Sat May 16, 2020 19:38
Abstract Pain in the orofacial region is one of the most common reasons for patients to seek dental treatment. Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) can be affected not only by pain, but also by other oral disorders. Four main dimensions, Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact, have been suggested to cover different areas of OHRQoL. The aim of this systematic review was to map the impact of orofacial pain conditions on the Orofacial Pain dimension of...
Sat May 16, 2020 21:04
Abstract The rates of melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) have been increasing over the last twenty years in the U.S., and this has been attributed to increased ultraviolet radiation exposure (UVR). Given these rising rates, preventative measures have become increasingly important to reduce the incidence and promote early detection of these cancers. Skin cancer prevention remains a challenging task to accomplish mainly due to the lack of reliable and sensitive methods to provide objective...
Sat May 16, 2020 17:44
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant commonly used to prevent renal transplant rejection and treat glomerulonephritis. MPA inhibits IMPDH2 within stimulated lymphocytes, reducing guanosine synthesis. Despite the widespread use of MPA, interindividual variability in response remains with rates of allograft rejection up to 15% and approximately half of individuals fail to achieve complete remission to lupus nephritis. We sought to identify contributors to interindividual variability in MPA...
Sat May 16, 2020 22:50
Abstract Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency is a rare disorder characterized by unpredictable, potentially life‐threatening recurrent angioedema attacks. Lanadelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody with selective binding to active plasma kallikrein, and prevents the formation of cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (cHMWK) and bradykinin, thereby preventing HAE attacks. The clinical pharmacology of lanadelumab was characterized following subcutaneous administration...
Thu May 14, 2020 20:03
ABSTRACT This open‐label, multicenter, Phase 1 therapeutic protein‐drug interaction study was designed to evaluate the potential effect of guselkumab, a fully human anti‐interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) immunoglobulin G1 lambda (IgG1λ) monoclonal antibody, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a cocktail of representative cytochrome P450 (CYP) probe substrates (midazolam [CYP3A4], S‐warfarin [CYP2C9], omeprazole [CYP2C19], dextromethorphan [CYP2D6], and caffeine [CYP1A2]). Fourteen participants with psoriasis received...
Thu May 14, 2020 20:01
Abstract Although cell‐based therapy has become a promising treatment, its practice and evaluation process remain unstandardized. Therefore, Japan initiated a dual‐track regulatory framework for cell‐based therapy aiming to promote and regulate the therapies to ensure that patients can access safe and effective treatments. Influenced by such pathway, Taiwan adopted the framework and initiated its own cell‐based therapy regulation in 2018. This article discusses how Japan has influenced Taiwan in...
Thu May 14, 2020 20:01
Abstract Deep vein thrombosis is a common but extremely dangerous complication of surgery. This study investigated regulatory mechanism of exosomal microRNA‐296‐5p (miR‐296‐5p) in deep vein thrombosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were first isolated from mice, where the cell surface marker expression and cellular senescence were then determined by flow cytometry and β‐galactosidase assay. Exosomes in EPCs were extracted and the gain‐of‐function study was performed to examine effects of exosomal...
Thu May 14, 2020 20:00
Abstract Doravirine (DOR) is a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1). Its use in combination with rifapentine (RPT), an anti‐tuberculosis antibiotic, may reduce the exposure of DOR compromising viral suppression in those living with HIV‐1 co‐infected with tuberculosis. We conducted a prospective, phase I, open label, two‐period, fixed sequence, drug interaction study to evaluate the effect of once‐weekly RPT and isoniazid...
Thu May 14, 2020 19:58
Objectives/Hypothesis The aim of cochlear implantation is to safely insert an electrode array into the scala tympani (ST) while avoiding damage to surrounding structures. There is disagreement on the optimal way of entering the ST—the round window (RW) approach versus cochleostomy. Regardless of the chosen approach, it is vital to understand the regional anatomy, which is complex, difficult to conceptualize, and rarely dissected in temporal bone courses. The goal of this study was to examine the...
Sat May 16, 2020 13:01
Objectives/Hypothesis To analyze stapler benefits in salvage total laryngectomy in terms of surgical time, hospitalization length, oral feeding time, and occurrence of pharyngocutaneous fistula, and to evaluate risk factors for its onset. Study Design Retrospective analysis. Methods One hundred fourteen patients affected by endolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent salvage total laryngectomy following primary treatment failure were reviewed. We divided patients into two groups...
Sat May 16, 2020 13:00
Objectives/Hypothesis The contralateral transmaxillary (CTM) approach is a new surgical approach that improves the surgical trajectory relative to the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Here, we present our clinical experience with the CTM approach to the petroclival region of the skull base. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods A retrospective review of 29 patients who underwent a CTM approach for skull base pathology from 2015 to 2020 was performed. Assessment...
Fri May 15, 2020 21:06
Objectives The primary aim of this study was to identify the ease and safety of office‐based lower airway endoscopy (OLAE) in patients with and without comorbidities. In addition, we identified the most common indications for OLAE and the associated diagnosis. Methods A retrospective review on 567 patients and 706 in‐office flexible fiberoptic procedures was performed. Using a previously established grading system, the ease of visualization of the subglottis, trachea, and carina was assessed,...
Fri May 15, 2020 20:56
Objectives/Hypothesis To compare the results of magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance sialography (MRSIAL) and the clinical and laboratory characteristics in a well‐characterized cohort of patients with primary or secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) meeting the American–European Consensus Group criteria. Study Design: Retrospective, observational, monocentric study. Methods Thirty‐six patients (81% female, mean age = 48 ± 35 years) with primary or secondary SS who underwent MRSIAL...
Fri May 15, 2020 20:48
Objectives To describe pain experience and opioid use after major head and neck reconstructive surgery. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Patients undergoing major head and neck surgery with microvascular free tissue transfer (free flaps) at a tertiary academic center were included. Pain scores (0–10) and demographic and clinical data were ascertained from medical records. Discharge opioid prescriptions and refills obtained within 30 days were recorded. Patient characteristics...
Fri May 15, 2020 20:34
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the nasal airflow‐inducing maneuver (NAIM) using the Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart, Wedel, Germany) olfactory threshold test, Open Essence (OE, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) olfactory identification test, and self‐administered odor questionnaire (SAOQ) for olfactory perception in NAIM experienced and NAIM first‐time groups. For NAIM first‐time group, the relationships between time from laryngectomy to first NAIM, olfactory threshold,...
Thu May 14, 2020 22:00
Abstract We examined whether differential self‐perception influences the salience of emotional stimuli in depressive disorders, using a perceptual matching task in which geometric shapes were arbitrarily assigned to the self and an unknown other. Participants associated shapes with personal labels (e.g. ‘self’ or ‘other’). Each geometric shape additionally contained a happy, sad or neutral line drawing of a face. Participants then judged whether shape‐label pairs were as originally shown or re‐paired,...
Sat May 16, 2020 11:38
Abstract In the rodent forebrain, the majority of astrocytes are generated during the early postnatal phase. Following differentiation, astrocytes undergo maturation which accompanies the development of the neuronal network. Neonate astrocytes exhibit a distinct morphology and domain size which differs to their mature counterparts. Moreover, many of the plasma membrane proteins prototypical for fully developed astrocytes are only expressed at low levels at neonatal stages. These include connexins...
Thu May 14, 2020 14:30
Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, Volume 28, Issue , January-December 2020. Hepatitis B virus is mainly considered to cause hepatocellular carcinoma which is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Treatment of Hepatitis B virus with nucleos(t)ide analogues can decrease the progression of the disease and subsequently decreases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we have discussed the different classes of nucleos(t)ide analogues used in the treatment...
Sat May 16, 2020 11:48
Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on care delivery among health care institutions and providers in the United States. As a categorical cancer center, MD Anderson has prioritized care for our patients based on acuity of their disease. We continue to implement measures to protect patients and employees from acquiring the infection within our facilities, and to provide acute management of cancer patients with concomitant COVID‐19 infections who are considered at high risk of...
Sat May 16, 2020 17:39
Abstract Background The clinical significance of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. Methods Three hundred and forty three patients with NPC diagnosed between 1998 and 2017 and treated at our institution were included. Chi‐square was used to identify characteristics associated with viral status. Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS) and Cox proportional regression was used to identify...
Sat May 16, 2020 17:33
Abstract Aim The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in society experiencing unprecedented challenges for health care practitioners and facilities serving at the frontlines of this pandemic. With regard to oral cancer, there is a complete absence of literature regarding the long‐term impact of pandemics on patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The objective of this article is to put forth an institutional multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and management of OPMDs....
Sat May 16, 2020 17:29
Abstract The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has rapidly transformed health care delivery around the globe. Because of the heavy impact of COVID‐19 spread, cancer treatments have necessarily been de‐prioritized, thus exposing patients to increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to delayed care. In this scenario, cancer specialists need to assess critical oncology patients case by case to carefully balance risk vs benefit in treating tumors and preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we report early insights...
Sat May 16, 2020 17:23
Abstract The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to have extensive effects on public health as it spreads rapidly across the globe. Patients with head and neck cancer are a particularly susceptible population to these effects, and we expect there to be a potential surge in patients presenting with head and neck cancers after the surge in COVID‐19. Furthermore, the impact of social distancing measures could result in a shift toward more advanced disease at presentation. With...
Sat May 16, 2020 17:19
Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes E6, E7, and shorter isoforms of E6 (E6*) are known carcinogenic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Little is known regarding E6* functions. Methods We analyzed RNA‐seq data from 68 HNSCC HPV type 16‐positive tumors to determine host genes and pathways associated with E6+E7 expression (E6E7) or the percent of full‐length E6 (E6%FL). Influence scores of E6E7 and E6%FL were used to test for associations with clinical...
Thu May 14, 2020 13:15
Key points Sleep apnoea increases susceptibility to opioid‐induced respiratory depression (OIRD). Endogenous opioids are implicated as a contributing factor in sleep apnoea. Rats exposed to sleep phase chronic intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (CIHH) for 7 days exhibited exaggerated OIRD to systemic fentanyl both while anaesthetized and artificially ventilated and while conscious and breathing spontaneously, implicating heightened CNS inhibitory efficacy of fentanyl. CIHH also induced tonic...
Sat May 16, 2020 12:36
Sat May 16, 2020 12:27
Key points Rapid alterations of gravitational stress during high‐performance aircraft push‐pull maneuver induce dramatic shifts in volume and pressure within the circulation system, which may result in loss of consciousness due to the rapid and significant reduction in cerebral perfusion. There are still no specific and effective countermeasures so far. We found that lower body negative pressure (LBNP), applied prior to and during ‐Gz and released at the subsequent transition to +Gz, could effectively...
Sat May 16, 2020 12:26
Key points Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐alpha (PDGFRα) is a novel biomarker along with smooth myosin heavy chain for the pacemaker cells (previously termed ‘atypical’ smooth muscle cells) in the murine and cynomolgus monkey pelvis‐kidney junction. PDGFRα+ cells present in adventitial and urothelial layers of murine renal pelvis do not express smMHC but are in close apposition to nerve fibers. Most c‐Kit+ cells in the renal pelvis are mast cells. Mast cells (CD117+/CD45+) are more...
Fri May 15, 2020 18:15
Key points We confirm that GABAB‐Rs are involved in the termination of Up‐states; their blockade consistently elongates Up‐states. GABAB‐Rs modulate also Down‐states and the oscillatory cycle, thus with an impact on slow oscillation rhythm and its regularity. The most frequent effect of GABAB‐Rs blockade is elongation of Down‐states and subsequent decrease of oscillatory frequency, with an increased regularity. In one‐fourth of cases, GABAB‐Rs blockade shortened Down‐states and increased oscillatory...
Thu May 14, 2020 17:09
Abstract The world has recently experienced a decline in male reproductive (e.g. sperm counts and motility) and metabolic healthy (e.g. obesity and diabetes). Accumulated evidence from animal models also show that the metabolic health of the father may influence the metabolic health in his offspring. Vectors for such paternal intergenerational metabolic responses (IGMR) involves small non‐coding RNA (sncRNA) that often increase in spermatozoa during the last days of maturation in the epididymis....
Sat May 16, 2020 16:15
Abstract Background We have earlier reported that amiodarone, a potent and commonly used antiarrhythmic drug increases serum desmosterol, the last precursor of cholesterol, in 20 cardiac patients by an unknown mechanism. Objective Here, we extended our study to a large number of cardiac patients of heterogeneous diagnoses, evaluated the effects of combining amiodarone and statins (inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis at the rate‐limiting step of hydroxy‐methyl‐glutaryl CoA reductase)...
Sat May 16, 2020 15:35
Abstract Objective Patients undergoing bariatric surgery present long‐term metabolic improvements and reduced type 2 diabetes risk, despite long‐term weight regain. We hypothesized that part of these protective effects could be linked to altered gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). Methods Transcriptomic profiling by gene microarray was performed in abdominal subcutaneous WAT from women before (n = 50) and two (n = 49) and five (n = 38) years after Roux‐en‐Y gastric...
Thu May 14, 2020 22:00
Abstract Background The interplay between innate and adaptive immunity is central in life‐threatening clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The specific mechanisms involved and their protective versus detrimental effects in the disease process remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that higher levels of Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression in human atherosclerotic lesions are correlated with better patient outcome. Objective...
Thu May 14, 2020 20:20
Abstract Background Propeller flaps have been reported to cover cervicothoracic midline defects with lower donor site morbidity compared to muscle flaps. When these defects are extensive, we propose a propeller flap technique that we have named dorsal intercostal artery perforator plus (DICAP+) flap based on two perforator pedicles, to secure the large skin paddle. In this article, we present our experience. Methods Six propeller DICAP+ flap procedures were performed on five patients, to...
Sat May 16, 2020 17:53
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