Behavioral characterization of CD36 knockout mice with SHIRPA primary screen

Publication date: 15 February 2016
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 299
Author(s): Shuxiao Zhang, Wei Wang, Juan Li, Ke Cheng, Jingjing Zhou, Dan Zhu, Deyu Yang, Zihong Liang, Liang Fang, Li Liao, Peng Xie
CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family of cell surface proteins, which plays a major role in fatty acid, glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, CD36 functions as a microglial surface receptor for amyloid beta peptide. Regarding this, we suggest CD36 might also contribute to neuropsychiatric disease. The aim of this study was to achieve a behavioral phenotype of CD36 knockout (CD36^−/−) mice. We characterized the behavior of CD36^−/− mice and C57BL/6J mice by subjecting them to a series of tests, which include SHIRPA primary behavioral screen test, 1% sucrose preference test, elevated plus-maze test, open-field test and forced swimming test. The results showed that CD36^−/− mice traversed more squares, emitted more defecation, exhibited higher tail elevation and had more aggressive behaviors than C57BL/6J mice. The CD36^−/− mice spent more time and traveled longer distance in periphery zone in the open-field test. Meanwhile, the numbers that CD36^−/− mice entered in the open arms of elevated plus-maze were reduced. These findings suggest that CD36^−/− mice present an anxious phenotype and might be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.



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Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of cork

Cork presents a range of diverse and versatile properties making this material suitable for several and extremely diverse industrial applications. Despite the wide uses of cork, its antimicrobial properties and potential applications have deserved little attention from industry and the scientific community. Thus, the main purpose of this work was the evaluation of the antibacterial properties of cork, by comparison with commercially available antimicrobial materials (EVA copolymer and a currently used antimicrobial commercial additive (ACA)), following the previous development and optimization of a method for such antimicrobial assay. The AATCC 100–2004 standard method, a quantitative procedure developed for the assessment of antimicrobial properties in textile materials, was used as reference and optimized to assess cork antibacterial activity. Cork displayed high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with a bacterial reduction of almost 100% (96.93%) after 90 minutes of incubation, similar to the one obtained with ACA. A more reduced but time constant antibacterial action was observed against Escherichia coli (36% reduction of the initial number of bacterial colonies). To complement this study, antibacterial activity was further evaluated for a water extract of cork and a MIC of 6 mg/mL was obtained against the reference strain S. aureus.

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Restraining of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Promotes Invasion of Listeria monocytogenes into Glia Cells

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that could cause severe infection in the central nervous system of humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis is not fundamentally assessed. This study aimed to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in L. monocytogenes during its invasion into glia cells. The ROS level in L. monocytogenes was manipulated using NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Results showed that the invasiveness of L. monocytogenes was elevated when ROS was downregulated by DPI and NAC treatment. Expression profiles of pro-inflammatory factors in glia cells were also examined because they play important roles in the functions of glia cells in the brain immune system. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α and Interleukin-1β) in host glia cells were downregulated when invaded by L. monocytogenes with lower ROS level. This finding indicates that ROS may function as negative regulator during the invasion of L. monocytogenes in brain infection.

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