Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου
-
►
2020
(289)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (28)
-
►
2019
(9071)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (19)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (54)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (3642)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (3200)
-
▼
2018
(39872)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (3318)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (3683)
-
▼
Μαρτίου
(3597)
-
▼
Μαρ 09
(162)
- Myxoma of the mandibular condyle: Report of a rare...
- Treatment and frequency of follow-up of BCC patien...
- Immunohistochemical identification of nail matrix ...
- A case of subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease ...
- Patch Testing in Gastrointestinal Diseases – A Sys...
- Contact hypersensitivity in rosacea – a report on ...
- Reply to: Kubiak K. And al. Endosymbiosis and its ...
- The iris signal: blue periphery, tan collaret and ...
- 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor treatment for frontal ...
- (Meth)acrylate allergy: frequently missed?
- Mutilating male genital Crohn's without gastrointe...
- Long-Term Optimization of Outcomes With Flexible A...
- Erythromelalgia: improvement in pain with transcra...
- Major prognostic factors for recurrence and surviv...
- Blunt cannula subcision is more effective than Nok...
- Clinical evaluation of simultaneously applied mono...
- Antiaging and antioxidant effects of topical autop...
- Should all patients with hyperparathyroidism be sc...
- Interleukin-31 and interleukin-31 receptor–new the...
- Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tr...
- Reducing morbidity and complications after major h...
- Salivary duct carcinoma
- Nature and role of surgical margins in transoral l...
- Free flaps for head and neck cancer in paediatric ...
- Oncologic and functional outcomes of patients trea...
- Editorial introduction
- Synovial sarcomas of the upper aero-digestive trac...
- Orbital exenteration for sinonasal malignancies: i...
- Detection of surgical margins in oral cavity cance...
- The recurrent pleomorphic adenoma conundrum
- Impact of 3D virtual planning on reconstruction of...
- Immunotherapy for recurrent/metastatic head and ne...
- Managing Your Anesthesiology Practice for the Future
- Improvement of skin lesions and life quality in mo...
- Erratum
- Pediatric Anatomy: Nose and Sinus
- Endoscopic Management of Congenital Dacryocystocele
- Surgical Management of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
- Transnasal Repair of Congenital Choanal Atresia
- Pediatric Septoplasty
- Introduction: The simple act of breathing
- Columellar Reconstruction in Children
- Balloon Catheter Sinuplasty in Pediatric Chronic R...
- Pyriform Aperture Stenosis Repair in Infants
- Pediatric Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
- Survival in patients with submandibular gland carc...
- Combined human papillomavirus typing and TP53 muta...
- Patterns of recurrence in oral tongue cancer with ...
- Polyethylene glycol fusion associated with antioxi...
- Presence of lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection in ...
- Second primary squamous cell carcinoma in patients...
- Treatment with anti-Sclerostin antibody to stimula...
- Comparison of incidental versus palpable thyroid n...
- Skeletal muscle cells actively shape (auto)immune ...
- Clinical and experimental evidence for targeting C...
- The role of capillaroscopy and thermography in the...
- Optimizing conventional DMARD therapy for Sjögren'...
- The value of Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuva...
- Contribution of sex steroids and prolactin to the ...
- A methodological review of induced animal models o...
- Letter to the editor: Autoimmune pathogenic mechan...
- Solid phase assays versus automated indirect immun...
- Perspective: Scientific and ethical concerns perta...
- Cryoglobulins: An update on detection, mechanisms ...
- Association between allelic variants of the human ...
- Evaluating Hearing Loss in Patients Undergoing Sec...
- New-onset atrial fibrillation: an update
- Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in br...
- Eesti välispoliitika algusaegadest: Jaan Tõnissoni...
- Orientation-Selective Retinal Circuits in Vertebrates
- The Global Seed Market, Competition Law and Intell...
- Comprehensive Use of Curvature for Robust and Accu...
- Public Policy Considerations in Competition Enforc...
- Facilitation of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibr...
- The Interplay of Institutions. Linkages between En...
- Kaks majorit kahel pool Läänemerd: Väljaöeldu ja v...
- Setting and Strength of Brushite Cements with Vary...
- Otoferlin acts as a Ca2+ sensor for vesicle fusion...
- Global Governance of Antitrust and the Need for a ...
- Heterogeneous localisation of membrane proteins in...
- "Vexatious"/"Sham" Litigation in EU and US Antitru...
- Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic ...
- High motor variability in DYT1 dystonia is associa...
- Preterm delivery and small-for-gestation outcomes ...
- Global Food Value Chains and Competition Law BRICS...
- Updating the EU Internal Market Concept
- Who’s Asking? Native Science, Western Science, and...
- Status of the FETS Project
- Hodgkins Lymphoma presenting as an obstructing end...
- Acute glomerulonephritis secondary to Streptococcu...
- An Itch You Can’t Scratch: Researchers Find “Itch ...
- Tailored Y-stent on the secondary carina for recur...
- Essential Issues for Pregnancy Counseling in Renal...
- Acute antibody-mediated rejection one week after l...
- A novel subcutaneous site of islet transplantation...
- Speech Perception Skills of Hindi Speaking Childre...
- Improvement of skin lesions and life quality in mo...
- Erratum
- The role of simulation training in anesthesiology ...
- Zebrafish as a model for kidney function and disease
-
▼
Μαρ 09
(162)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (2693)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (3198)
-
►
2017
(41099)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (3127)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (2173)
-
►
2016
(13807)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (700)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (600)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (1350)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (1400)
-
►
2015
(1500)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (1450)
Ετικέτες
Παρασκευή 9 Μαρτίου 2018
Myxoma of the mandibular condyle: Report of a rare case and review of the literature
Source:Oral Oncology
Author(s): Everaldo Pinheiro de Andrade Lima, Flávia Maria de Moraes Ramos-Perez, Rômulo Oliveira de Hollanda Valente, Jorge Esquiche León, Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan, Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez
This report describes an extremely rare case of myxoma of the mandibular condyle. The tumor occurred in the left mandibular condyle of a 42-year-old woman, which was identified in a routine radiographic examination. The clinico-radiographic and histopathological features, and histogenesis of the lesion are discussed. A review of the literature and differential diagnosis of radiolucent condylar lesions are also presented.
http://ift.tt/2FtajKE
Treatment and frequency of follow-up of BCC patients in the Netherlands
Abstract
The incidence of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) rises by 5% per decade in the Netherlands (1), representing an important burden on the health care system and dermatologists' workload (2,3). There is no evidence that intensive follow-up results in better outcomes (burden of disease, cosmetic results) in patients with low risk BCCs (4–6). According to the Dutch BCC guideline, follow-up after treatment is not indicated for patients with a low risk BCC (7), but patients may come for follow-up more frequently for various reasons (4,7,8). Considering the enormous amount of patients, extra follow-up visits represent a substantial workload and healthcare costs. Therefore, we studied follow-up of 482 BCC patients, diagnosed in 2010 from general hospitals (N=291 – random sample from a population-based cancer registry) and academic hospitals (N=191), who had a total of 578 BCC diagnosed in 2010. Information on medical history, tumor characteristics and the treatment and follow-up of all diagnosed BCCs was retrieved from the patient files until April 2015.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2FoTCQh
Immunohistochemical identification of nail matrix melanocytes
Abstract
Background
No previous studies have been conducted to determine the normal number of nail matrix melanocytes in Latin American individuals. The objective of this work was to determine the number of melanocytes per linear millimeter present in the nail matrix and the nail bed in samples obtained from Colombian individuals.
Methods
Twenty-six unilateral biopsies were taken from 19 cadavers subjected to clinical and medico-legal autopsies. These biopsy samples were processed with conventional histotechnology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-HMB-45 and anti-MiTF. Three sets of photographs (HE, HMB-45 and MiTF) were taken of each biopsy sample and independently assessed by three pathologists. Each observer counted the number of melanocytes present in 1 linear mm of the nail matrix or bed.
Results
We found an average of 4.6 melanocytes x linear mm with H & E staining, 9.8 with HMB-45 and 12.4 with MiTF.
Conclusions
The use of IHC significantly increases and facilitates the identification of melanocytes in unilateral biopsies. Our IHC counts exceed the averages found in the literature. This finding warrants new studies to verify whether the Colombian population presents higher numbers of melanocytes in the nail matrix than other populations or whether the observed increase is a result of the use of MiTF.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2FuWUO0
A case of subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease with autoantibodies against 200-kDa and 290-kDa antigens
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) and anti-p200 pemphigoid are uncommon subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases caused by autoantibodies against the 200-kDa protein and 290-kDa type VII collagen, respectively. Here we describe a patient with autoantibodies against both 200-kDa and 290-kDa antigens.A 63-year-old-man had itchy tense blisters and edematous erythemas scattered on his trunk, buttocks, extremities and soles (Fig. 1a). There were no ocular or mucosal lesions. Psoriatic skin lesions were not observed. There was no personal or family history of serious diseases.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2Gdgv6v
Patch Testing in Gastrointestinal Diseases – A Systematic Review of the Patch Test (PT) and Atopy Patch Test (APT)
Abstract
Food allergy is common and the prevalence is increasing. The pathogenesis of food allergy has been extensively reviewed. Immunologic and clinical tolerance to food requires production of regulatory T cells that are food-antigen specific. Loss of tolerance to food can lead to IgE-mediated reactions and non-IgE-mediated reactions.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2FxBRKG
Contact hypersensitivity in rosacea – a report on 143 cases
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammatory processes affecting mainly the center of the face. The pathophysiology is complex, environmental factors seem to play an important role in the exacerbation and worsening of the lesions. The barrier-dysfunction theory in atopic dermatitis has been well described in the literature.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2Ge5S3e
Reply to: Kubiak K. And al. Endosymbiosis and its significance in dermatology
Abstract
We would like to begin by congratulating Kubiak K et al on their work[1], which has the potential to contribute to review the question of endosymbiosis and its significance.We would like to add some new data, notes and comments. Some data regarding viral endosymbiosis other than those discussed by the authors, showed the transmission of a Gemycircularvirus - Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA1- like virus (SsHADV-1–LV)- via insect vectors - Lycoriella ingenua.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2Fw1snw
The iris signal: blue periphery, tan collaret and freckles pattern – strong indicators for epidermal skin cancer in South-Eastern Europe
Abstract
Background
Eye and skin share the embryological origin. Both are established risk factors in epidermal skin cancer. There are few reports using iris colour classification scales, most of them analyse colour in general or are too complex to use in daily practice.
Objectives
To investigate which iris colour pattern is associated with epidermal skin cancer in a S-E European Caucasian population.
Methods
A case control study was conducted on 480 patients: 229 skin cancers patients and 251 controls (dermatological patients free of skin cancers), admitted in two medical clinics of Dermatology in Bucharest, between October 2011 and May 2014. High resolution iris photos were taken for each patient. Three parameters of the iris were analysed individually and in association for each patient: periphery, collaret and freckles.
Results
The most frequent iris colour pattern associated with epidermal skin cancer was blue periphery with light brown collaret and freckles present. In terms of individual parameters, the strongest indicators for skin cancer patients were blue periphery and blue collaret.
Conclusions
The results of this study sustain the hypothesis that blue periphery with light brown collaret and freckles iris pattern is a reliable phenotypic marker for epidermal skin cancer. The results of this study differ from previous reports in which skin cancer risk was associated with a homogenous blue iris. We account these differences to the characteristics of the recruited patients (S-E European, skin type II and III). The assessment of iris colour patterns is an easy and inexpensive detection tool in skin cancer risk assessment.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2FqYEMg
5 alpha-reductase inhibitor treatment for frontal fibrosing alopecia: An evidence-based treatment update
Abstract
Background
Treatment for frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is challenging and its treatment regimen often mirrors other lymphocytic-predominant cicatricial alopecia. 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) has been reported with some treatment success in severe cases of FFA.
Objective
To carry out evidence-based analysis of articles published on treatment efficacy and safety of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor for the treatment of FFA.
Methods
Articles published on the use of 5ARI to treat FFA between 2005 to 2017 were reviewed, analysed and graded according to the American College of Physicians outcome study grading system.
Results
There were two studies with moderate-level of evidence that described the efficacy of 5ARI for treatment of FFA. 5ARI was commonly used as adjunctive therapy with positive results in recalcitrant disease. Mild to moderate hair regrowth was reported in one grade 2 and three lower grade (one grade 3 and two grade 4) studies. There is limited evidence on the safety aspects of this medication in most studies that were analysed.
Limitations
Database studies might not fully account for confounders and is subjected to variations in methodology and data collection.
Conclusion
This review demonstrated that FFA patients treated with 5ARI could achieve either disease stability or reduction in the rate of progression in selected cases. A well designed randomised, double-blind, controlled study would strengthen the role of 5ARI as part of treatment armamentarium for FFA.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2Fxpcrh
Mutilating male genital Crohn's without gastrointestinal involvement
Abstract
A 58 year old gentleman developed multiple fissures and discharging sinuses in the groin and perineum. Skin biopsies showed non-caseating granulomas suggestive of Crohn's disease. The patient had no gastrointestinal symptoms and a radio-labelled white cell scan demonstrated no bowel involvement.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2GejvzO
Long-Term Optimization of Outcomes With Flexible Adalimumab Dosing in Patients With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
Abstract
Background
The recently updated dosing recommendation for adalimumab for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis states that patients with inadequate response to adalimumab every other week (EOW) after 16 weeks may benefit from an increase in dosing frequency to 40 mg every week (EW).
Objective
To determine the long-term efficacy of adalimumab in patients with psoriasis with flexibility to escalate and de-escalate between EOW and EW dosing.
Methods
Data from an open-label study in patients with psoriasis who had received adalimumab in phase 2/3 studies and their extensions were included. Patients initially received 40 mg adalimumab EOW for 24 weeks. From weeks 24 to 252, patients whose Psoriasis Area and Severity Index response was <50% (PASI 50) could be dose-escalated to 40 mg EW and were re-evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks and then every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients who dose-escalated and achieved a PASI 75 response were de-escalated to EOW and could re-escalate to EW if response fell below PASI 50 again; no further de-escalation was allowed. Changes in PASI scores were reported at the last visit before dose escalation or de-escalation.
Results
By week 24, 64.1% of patients in the overall population (n=1256) achieved ≥PASI 75 response, 40.3% ≥PASI 90 response, and 21.7% PASI 100 response. Patients who had a <PASI 50 during weeks 24 to 252 (349/1256, 27.8%) were dose-escalated to EW; 182 (52.1%) remained on EW dosing and 167 (47.9%) achieved a PASI 75 response and were de-escalated to EOW; 83 patients were later re-escalated to EW dosing owing to a <PASI 50 response. Dose escalation was not associated with additional safety concerns.
Conclusion
Optimizing therapy by temporarily increasing the dosing of adalimumab to EW in patients with psoriasis and an inadequate response to adalimumab 40 mg EOW permitted the achievement and long-term maintenance of clinical improvement.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2HnSAkl
Major prognostic factors for recurrence and survival independent of the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition staging system in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with multimodality therapy
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to assess changes resulting from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and evaluate pertinent excluded factors.
Methods
In 101 patients receiving surgery and postoperative radiation, recurrence and survival were estimated by cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier method. Time-to-event analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risks regression models.
Results
The 2-year locoregional recurrence, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific mortality rates were 25%, 72%, and 13%, respectively. The AJCC eighth edition upstaged T classification in 50% of patients and overall stage in 39%. In multivariate analysis, immunosuppression and in-transit metastasis were associated with locoregional recurrence. Older age and in-transit metastasis were associated with worse OS. In univariate analysis (limited by number of events), cause-specific mortality was associated with positive margin, in-transit metastasis, and the seventh edition dichotomized T classification and overall stage.
Conclusion
In-transit metastasis was significantly associated with locoregional recurrence, OS, and cause-specific mortality. Efforts should be made to define in-transit metastasis in the staging system.
http://ift.tt/2FHePo8
Blunt cannula subcision is more effective than Nokor needle subcision for acne scars treatment
Summary
Background and aim
A comprehensive study comparing two different modalities, Nokor needle subcision (NNS) and blunt cannula subcision (BCS), for treatment of acne scars, has not been reported previously. The aim was to compare the effectiveness of these two methods based on patient's and doctor's satisfaction measures, in addition to the late complications 3 months postsubcision.
Method of intervention
Patients had 18-65 years old, with acne scars on both malar sides. They were treated at one malar side with NNS and with BCS at another side. They were monitored during the first week, at one and 3 months postintervention. Patient's and two dermatologist's satisfactions were compared during 3 months, for each modality and between modalities.
Results
From 34 patients, 29.4%, 55.9%, and 14.7% had mild, moderate, and severe acne scars, respectively. Ecchymosis, nodule formation post-NNS, and edema after BCS were the complications. Patients were satisfied with BCS during 3-month monitoring (P = .021), but not with NNS (P = .353). Physician-1 was satisfied from the outcome of both BCS and NNS procedures (P = .044 and .006, respectively). However, physician-2 was only satisfied with NNS at the month 3 than the month 1 (P = .002). All patients and physicians were significantly more satisfied with BCS than NNS (P = .000). Anyway, at the month 3, physician-2 had no significant different points of view about applied methods (P = .25).
Discussion
Considering the complications and satisfaction rates, BCS was more efficient than NNS for acne scar treatment. Then, we suggest BCS as a good replacement for NNS.
http://ift.tt/2G9y2MR
Clinical evaluation of simultaneously applied monopolar radiofrequency and targeted pressure energy as a new method for noninvasive treatment of cellulite in postpubertal women
Summary
Introduction
This study investigates noninvasive cellulite treatments based on simultaneous application of monopolar radiofrequency (RF) and targeted pressure energy to evaluate efficacy and safety and to see whether simultaneous application has any benefits in noninvasive cellulite treatments.
Methods
Thirty women with cellulite (fibrous/adipose/aqueous types) received 4 gluteofemoral treatments (~24 minutes; ~1000 cm2) using a simultaneous application of RF and targeted pressure energy. Clinical improvement was assessed using a pentile grading scale and satisfaction questionnaires. Hip/thigh circumference was measured. Ultrasonography and thermography observed changes in dermal/subcutaneous tissue composition and in gluteofemoral thermal profile. Evaluation at 3 months posttreatment was compared against the baseline.
Results
The clinical improvement averaged 2.17 ± 0.95 (54% improvement). Cellulite was reduced in 93% of cases, while 73% of patients showed good/very good/excellent improvement, with most significant improvement seen in patients with moderately severe cellulite. Hips and thigh circumference decreased on average by 2.31 cm and 2.13 cm, respectively (P < .001). Patient satisfaction was very high, averaging 4.47 ± 0.57 points (1-5 scale). Ultrasonography revealed smoothing and thickening (+0.28 ± 0.15 mm) of the dermis and an average reduction of 1.96 ± 1.60 mm in fat thickness (P < .05). Subjects with significant cellulite reduction had a more homogenous thermal profile at follow-up as a result of therapy-induced diminution of topographic skin defects. No adverse events were recorded.
Conclusion
The application is effective and safe for treating cellulite. The level of clinical improvement after 4 sessions is comparable to results reported after 6-20 sessions in studies on stand-alone RF/laser/targeted pressure energy devices. The technology is promising and deserves further attention and research.
http://ift.tt/2p2030X
Antiaging and antioxidant effects of topical autophagy activator: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study
Summary
Background
Recently, potential roles of autophagy in skin homeostasis received many interests. But, little has been reported for the potential antiaging effects of autophagy activator.
Objective
With the newly synthesized autophagy activator, heptasodium hexacarboxymethyl dipeptide-12 (Aquatide™) in vitro and clinical efficacy of the topical autophagy activator as an antiaging cosmeceutical ingredient was evaluated.
Methods
Antioxidant effect of Aquatide™ was evaluated by radical scavenging assay. In vitro effect was assessed by measuring the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Clinical evaluation was performed by a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Antioxidant efficacy was observed by measuring the carbonylated proteins in stratum corneum (SC) by fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide (FTZ) staining.
Results
Radical scavenging effects of Aquatide were observed with the ABTS assay, and significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity was observed in Aquatide™-treated cells. Autophagy inhibitor treatment abrogated cytoprotective effects of Aquatide™. In a clinical study, statistically significant increase in skin elasticity was observed after 4 and 8 weeks. Quantitative analysis of carbonylated proteins in SC also showed significant reduction in Aquatide™-treated group, which is consistent with the in vitro data.
Conclusion
These results suggest that autophagy plays important roles in antioxidant system and aging process in skin, and topical autophagy activators can be potential cosmeceutical ingredients for skin antiaging.
http://ift.tt/2FFCB3C
Should all patients with hyperparathyroidism be screened for a CDC73 mutation?
Summary
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PH) is a common endocrine abnormality and may occur as part of a genetic syndrome. Inactivating mutations of the tumour suppressor gene CDC73 have been identified as accounting for a large percentage of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome (HPT-JT) cases and to a lesser degree account for familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) cases. Reports of CDC73 whole gene deletions are exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 39 year-old woman with PH secondary to a parathyroid adenoma associated with a large chromosomal deletion (2.5 Mb) encompassing the entire CDC73 gene detected years after parathyroidectomy. This case highlights the necessity to screen young patients with hyperparathyroidism for an underlying genetic aetiology. It also demonstrates that molecular testing for this disorder should contain techniques that can detect large deletions.
Learning points:Necessity of genetic screening for young people with hyperparathyroidism.
Importance of screening for large, including whole gene CDC73 deletions.
Surveillance for patients with CDC73 gene mutations includes regular calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, dental assessments and imaging for uterine and renal tumours.
http://ift.tt/2HhWKKr
Interleukin-31 and interleukin-31 receptor–new therapeutic targets for atopic dermatitis
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, eczematous, severe pruritic skin lesions caused by skin barrier dysfunction and T helper (Th)2 cell–mediated immunity. Interleukin (IL)-31 is a potent pruritogenic cytokine primarily produced by Th2 cells. Both IL-31 transgenic mice and wild-type mice treated with IL-31 exhibit AD-like skin lesions and scratching behaviour. IL-31 receptor α-chain (IL-31RA) are also expressed in peripheral nerves and epidermal keratinocytes, and the roles of IL-31 on pruritus and skin barrier have been investigated. Recently, an anti–IL-31 receptor antibody was shown to significantly improve pruritus in AD patients. This review focuses on IL-31 and IL-31RA in AD.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2Fr8Swo
Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract: an update
http://ift.tt/2HkGF6G
Reducing morbidity and complications after major head and neck cancer surgery: the (future) role of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols
http://ift.tt/2GaKHiC
Salivary duct carcinoma
http://ift.tt/2p1oHOY
Nature and role of surgical margins in transoral laser microsurgery for early and intermediate glottic cancer
http://ift.tt/2GbI0gF
Free flaps for head and neck cancer in paediatric and neonatal patients
http://ift.tt/2HnVjdE
Oncologic and functional outcomes of patients treated with transoral CO2 laser microsurgery or radiotherapy for T2 glottic carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature
http://ift.tt/2GckCQt
Synovial sarcomas of the upper aero-digestive tract: is there a role for conservative surgery?
http://ift.tt/2GaKEmW
Orbital exenteration for sinonasal malignancies: indications, rehabilitation and oncologic outcomes
http://ift.tt/2p1oY4E
Detection of surgical margins in oral cavity cancer: the role of dynamic optical contrast imaging
http://ift.tt/2GaNIQ7
The recurrent pleomorphic adenoma conundrum
http://ift.tt/2HmAjUe
Impact of 3D virtual planning on reconstruction of mandibular and maxillary surgical defects in head and neck oncology
http://ift.tt/2FG1a0E
Immunotherapy for recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer
http://ift.tt/2Hnx5jD
Managing Your Anesthesiology Practice for the Future
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics
Author(s): Amr E. Abouleish, Stanley W. Stead
http://ift.tt/2txy6Ue
Improvement of skin lesions and life quality in moderate-to-severe eczema patients by combined TCM therapy
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic inflammatory skin disorder exacting up to $3.8 billion health dollars annually for treatment.1 50.4% of AD patients report using complementary and alternative therapies, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM); but reports on TCM efficacy and safety remain inconclusive.2, 3 We were interested to learn if combined TCM therapy could suppress Th2 inflammation and benefit patients with AD. We report a case series of 14 AD patients treated with this approach and analysis of the TCM herbs in murine and in vitro models.
http://ift.tt/2oZxKA6
Erratum
In the CME Review article, "The atopic march: Critical evidence and clinical relevance" (Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;120(2):131–137), on page 131, the incorrect Key Messages were incorporated. The Key Messages should read as follows:
http://ift.tt/2GaVZn6
Pediatric Anatomy: Nose and Sinus
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Habib G. Zalzal, Daniel C. O′Brien, George H. Zalzal
The sinonasal anatomy of children differs significantly when compared to the sinonasal anatomy of adults. Even within the pediatric group, the anatomy varies depending on the age of the patient, as structures reach full maturation in the teenage years. Knowledge of pediatric anatomy is important for all otolaryngologists, particularly those planning to operate within the nose of a child. This chapter will present the pediatric nasal and sinonasal anatomy with reference to development and related operative planning.
http://ift.tt/2IgT0KG
Endoscopic Management of Congenital Dacryocystocele
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Vijay A. Patel, Zachary C. Landis, Amanda L. Ely
Congenital dacryocystocele is a relatively rare oculonasal anomaly which can result in symptomatic obstruction of the nasolacrimal system. Techniques utilized in the management of this condition include nasolacrimal duct probing, endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, and transnasal marsupialization. Operative adjuncts include balloon dacryocystoplasty, bicanalicular silastic intubation, and intranasal stenting. Recurrence is relatively uncommon and can be addressed with the application of long-term nasolacrimal stenting.
http://ift.tt/2DgCaYj
Surgical Management of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Withita Utainrat, Daniel C. O′Brien, Dhave Setabutr
Nasal obstruction remains a common complaint and is a frequent reason for children to see otolaryngologists. Due to its location, proximal to the internal nasal valve, enlargement of the inferior turbinate can cause significant nasal obstruction. Symptoms vary widely and treatment may include both medical and surgical options. Surgeons may utilize monopolar cautery, microdebriders, or coblation technology. This article describes techniques with specific reference to children with nasal symptoms.
http://ift.tt/2IfxHsX
Transnasal Repair of Congenital Choanal Atresia
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Vijay A. Patel, Michele M. Carr
Choanal atresia is a relatively rare congenital nasal anomaly that must be repaired to allow infants to adequately breathe and feed. Techniques used in repair have evolved with the development of high-quality optical equipment, such that an endoscopic approach is now most commonly employed. Operative adjuncts include lasers, topical steroids, and stenting. Restenosis is common in the first few years, but this can be improved with dilation.
http://ift.tt/2DgC5Uv
Pediatric Septoplasty
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Sarah R. Akkina, Sanjay R. Parikh
While septoplasty is routinely performed in the adult population, concerns regarding nasal and facial growth have restricted use of this effective procedure in the pediatric population. As a growing number of studies have demonstrated the safety of this technique and its positive effect on quality of life outcomes, septoplasty is gaining greater acceptance as a central treatment for pediatric nasal obstruction. This article explores the controversies, indications, pre-operative evaluation, and techniques of pediatric septoplasty including closed and open approaches. It also describes post-operative care and possible complications of pediatric septoplasty.
http://ift.tt/2IgSTie
Introduction: The simple act of breathing
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): M.M. Carr
http://ift.tt/2DgBVwn
Columellar Reconstruction in Children
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Kristen S. Pan, Brian S. Pan
Defects of the nasal complex can cause significant functional and psychosocial impairment. Nasal reconstruction aims to restore the normal trilaminar structure of the nose, which includes the internal lining, cartilaginous framework, and soft tissue envelope. Among the nasal subunits, the columella is especially challenging to reconstruct due to its unique contour and composite nature. Multiple techniques have been described, each carrying distinct advantages and disadvantages; however, the optimal procedure for an isolated defect of the columella remains elusive. The ideal reconstructive technique should recreate the contour of the columella, provide nasal tip projection, and maintain external valve patency. Additional considerations include matching the pigmentation and texture of the nasal skin while minimizing donor site morbidity. The authors recommend a two-stage reconstruction with bilateral nasal sill flaps and an auricular composite graft.
http://ift.tt/2Id7Y42
Balloon Catheter Sinuplasty in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Chadi A Makary, Hassan H Ramadan
In this article, we review indications for balloon catheter sinuplasty in children with chronic rhinosinusitis who have failed medical therapy and adenoidectomy. We will discuss our surgical approach, complications, postoperative care, and share some tips and pearls about the procedure. Balloon sinuplasty is a safe procedure that can be used alone or concomitantly with other procedures such as adenoidectomy and/or endoscopic sinus surgery. Balloon catheter sinuplasty has been shown to be effective in selected cases, and in isolation or in combination with other procedures, has resulted in great outcomes for these children.
http://ift.tt/2DgBPVx
Pyriform Aperture Stenosis Repair in Infants
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Johnathan E. Castaño, David H. Chi
Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis is a rare developmental anomaly, which is considered a variant of holoprosencephaly. It is characterized by a pyriform aperture width of 11mm or less on maxillofacial computed tomography, and is frequently associated with a solitary median maxillary central incisor. It presents with cyclical cyanosis, feeding difficulty, and respiratory distress. Conservative management includes nasal decongestant, saline and steroid drops, or a McGovern nipple. When conservative management fails, surgical intervention is indicated. Various methods of surgical repair have been described, two of which – nasal dilation and bone resection via a sublabial approach - are described in this article. The role of postoperative stenting is also discussed.
http://ift.tt/2IhjtYg
Pediatric Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Chadi A. Makary, Hassan H. Ramadan
Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common health problem. Pathophysiology is complicated which leads to different treatment options and approaches. Medical treatment with antibiotics and topical nasal sprays is first line treatment. Surgical intervention includes adenoidectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). ESS has proven to be an effective and safe option when everything else fails. In this article, we review the indications, our surgical approach and techniques, and the safety considerations in pediatric ESS.
http://ift.tt/2DeQaSE
Survival in patients with submandibular gland carcinoma — Results of a multi-institutional retrospective study
Publication date: Available online 7 February 2018
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Koichiro Yamada, Keigo Honda, Hisanobu Tamaki, Shinzo Tanaka, Shogo Shinohara, Shinji Takebayashi, Ichiro Tateya, Morimasa Kitamura, Masanobu Mizuta, Toshiki Maetani, Tsuyoshi Kojima, Yoshiharu Kitani, Ryo Asato, Kazuyuki Ichimaru, Yohei Kumabe, Koji Ushiro, Koichi Omori
ObjectiveClinical studies demonstrating the prognostic factors in submandibular gland carcinoma are limited because the tumor is relatively rare. The aim of this study was to identify clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in submandibular gland carcinoma.MethodsThe study included 65 patients with submandibular gland carcinoma who underwent initial surgical treatment at the Kyoto University and its affiliated hospitals.ResultsThe 3-year overall survival (OS), disease specific survival, locoregional control (LRC), and no distant metastasis (NDM) rates were 74.2%, 74.2%, 90.0%, and 64.8%, respectively. In the current follow-up study, 16 patients died of the disease, 5 patients were alive with recurrence, 43 patients were alive without disease, and 1 patient died of unrelated disease without recurrence. All patients who died of the disease had developed distant metastasis. Based on univariate analysis, tumor grade (high grade) and lymph node metastases (≥N2) were significant prognostic factors for OS and LRC. It also revealed tumor grade (high grade), T classification (≥T3), and lymph node metastases (≥N2) were significant for distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed the following significant prognostic factors: lymph node metastases (≥N2) for OS, LRC, and NDM, and high tumor grade for NDM.ConclusionOur study suggested death of submandibular gland carcinoma occurred mainly due to distant metastasis. The significant predictors of distant metastasis were lymph node metastases (≥N2) and tumor grade (high grade).
http://ift.tt/2FEhSxj
Combined human papillomavirus typing and TP53 mutation analysis in distinguishing second primary tumors from lung metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract
Background
In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the occurrence of concurrent lung malignancies poses a significant diagnostic challenge because metastatic HNSCC is difficult to discern from second primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, this differentiation is crucial because the recommended treatments for metastatic HNSCC and second primary lung SCC differ profoundly.
Methods
We analyzed the origin of lung tumors in 32 patients with HNSCC using human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and targeted next generation sequencing of all coding exons of tumor protein 53 (TP53).
Results
Lung tumors were clearly identified as HNSCC metastases or second primary tumors in 29 patients, thus revealing that 16 patients had received incorrect diagnoses based on clinical and morphological data alone.
Conclusion
The HPV typing and mutation analysis of all TP53 coding exons is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with HNSCC and concurrent lung SCC, which can help to ensure that patients receive the most suitable treatment.
http://ift.tt/2IgyN7u
Patterns of recurrence in oral tongue cancer with perineural invasion
Abstract
Background
Although perineural invasion (PNI) is recognized as an adverse prognostic factor in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the patterns of failure are poorly defined.
Methods
Patients with oral tongue SCC who received primary surgical treatment were identified. Specimens were reviewed by head and neck pathologists. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) were calculated. The PNI and PNI characteristics were analyzed as predictors of outcome. The utility of grading the extent of PNI was assessed by quantifying the number of PNI foci per slide reviewed, nerve caliber, and percent circumference involved.
Results
Patients with PNI had a decreased DSS; however, PNI was not predictive of LRFS or RRFS. Patients with PNI were more likely to develop a distant recurrence and 19.40 (confidence interval [CI] 6.70-56.14; P < .001) were more likely to develop a distant recurrence if PNI foci density was >1.
Conclusion
The presence of PNI in oral tongue SCC predicts worse DSS, with distant recurrence as the most common pattern of failure. High PNI foci density is associated with worse DRFS.
http://ift.tt/2DeQIro
Polyethylene glycol fusion associated with antioxidants: A new promise in the treatment of traumatic facial paralysis
Abstract
Background
Recent studies in invertebrates have taught us that early cell membrane regeneration is determinant for axonal recovery and survival after trauma. Many authors obtained extraordinary results in neural regeneration using polyethylene glycol fusion protocols, which also involved microsutures and antioxidants.
Methods
Sixty rats were evaluated with functional and histological protocol after facial nerve neurotmesis. Groups A and B had their stumps coapted with microsuture after 24 hours of neurotmesis and groups C and D after 72 hours. In addition to the microstructure, groups B and D used the polyethylene glycol-fusion protocol for the modulation of the Ca+2.
Results
At the sixth week, the latency of group D and duration of group B was lower than groups A and C (P = .011). The axonal diameter of the groups that used polyethylene glycol-fusion was higher than those who did not use polyethylene glycol-fusion (P ≤ .001).
Conclusion
Although not providing a functional improvement, polyethylene glycol-fusion slowed down demyelination.
http://ift.tt/2If6AOt
Presence of lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Abstract
Background
Chromogenic Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) is the gold standard to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) but it is difficult to use in conjunction with immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, our purpose was to validate the sensitivity and specificity of RNAscope in detection of EBV infection in nasal epithelium and its stroma.
Methods
Fluorescence-based RNAscope EBER-ISH, BRLF1-ISH, and lineage marker-IHC were performed on archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from normal nasal cavity (n = 5), nasopharynx (n = 8), and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) specimens (n = 10).
Results
The EBERs were detected in 10 of 10 NPC samples but was absent in all normal tissues from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The EBERs were exclusively located in pan-cytokeratin (pan-CK)-positive tumor epithelial cells but not in CD45-positive leukocytes and vimentin-positive stromal fibroblasts. The level of EBER expression varied in tumor cells within patient and between patients as well. Additionally, 5 of 10 patients had positive BRLF-ISH.
Conclusion
We developed a simple and reproducible method to simultaneously detect mRNA and protein in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of NPC. As a single staining, traditional EBER continues to be useful; however, for interpretation of the phenotype of EBV-infected cells, RNAscope is superior. Significantly, we showed that lytic EBV infection took place in NPC tumors.
http://ift.tt/2De4z1d
Second primary squamous cell carcinoma in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy predictors and prognostic factors
Abstract
Background
We investigated risk and prognostic factors for second primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy (RT).
Methods
A total of 49 021 patients with NPC were treated at Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center between January 1970 and December 2009. The incidence and management of second primary SCCs were analyzed.
Results
A total of 142 patients (0.29%) developed second primary SCC, with 78.2% in the upper aerodigestive tract. Older age, smoking, and chemotherapy were associated with an increased rate of second primary SCC. The 3, 5, and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates for second primary SCC were 47.18%, 31.69%, and 11.97%, respectively. Advanced age, family history of cancer, and treatment modality were independent prognostic factors for survival.
Conclusion
Second primary tumors rarely develop in patients with NPC treated with RT, but when this occurs, second primary SCC comprises a majority of these. Intensity-modulated RT may shorten the latency to second primary SCC. Surgery as the first-line treatment may improve survival and prognosis.
http://ift.tt/2If6xlL
Treatment with anti-Sclerostin antibody to stimulate mandibular bone formation
Abstract
Background
Anti-Sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) is a promising new bone anabolic therapy. Although anti-Scl-Ab stimulates bone formation and repair in the appendicular and axial skeleton, its efficacy in the craniofacial skeleton is still poorly understood.
Methods
Using an established model of Down syndrome-dependent bone deficiency, 10 Ts65Dn mice and 10 wild-type mice were treated weekly via i.v. tail vein injection with vehicle or anti-Sclerostin for 3 weeks and euthanized 1 week after.
Results
Wild-type mice treated with the anti-Scl-Ab had increased mandibular bone, trabecular thickness, and alveolar height compared with controls. Anti-Scl-Ab increased Ts65Dn mandibular bone parameters such that they were statistically indistinguishable from those in vehicle-treated wild-type mandibles.
Conclusion
Treatment with anti-Scl-Ab significantly increased mandibular bone mass and alveolar height in wild type mice and normalized mandibular bone mass and alveolar height in Ts65Dn mice. The anti-Scl-Ab therapy represents a novel method for increasing mandibular bone formation.
http://ift.tt/2p216xS
Comparison of incidental versus palpable thyroid nodules presenting for fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Abstract
Background
Many attribute the rise in incidence of thyroid cancer to a deluge of radiologically identified incidental thyroid nodules. The clinical implications are unclear.
Methods
A review was performed of all patients who underwent fine-needle aspirations of thyroid nodules by our academic medical center's Endocrinology Division between 2006 and 2010. Medical records were reviewed to identify whether the thyroid nodule was discovered incidentally or by palpation.
Results
Of 1153 patients, 37.4% underwent a biopsy because of an incidental thyroid nodule. These patients were significantly more likely to be >45 years old, men, white race, and with a body mass index >30 kg/m2. Of the 17.2% of incidentalomas that led to surgery, 8.5% were found to be thyroid cancer.
Conclusion
Thyroid nodules discovered incidentally are increasing the diagnosis of subclinical thyroid cancers. Not investigated previously, our study found that the mode of detection was not related to malignancy or surgery.
http://ift.tt/2If6uX7
Skeletal muscle cells actively shape (auto)immune responses
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Ali Maisam Afzali, Thomas Müntefering, Heinz Wiendl, Sven G. Meuth, Tobias Ruck
Histopathological analyses of muscle specimens from myositis patients indicate that skeletal muscle cells play an active role in the interaction with immune cells. Research over the last few decades has shown that skeletal muscle cells exhibit immunobiological properties that perfectly define them as non-professional antigen presenting cells. They are able to present antigens via major histocompatibility complex molecules, exhibit costimulatory molecules and secrete soluble molecules that actively shape the immune response in an either pro- or anti-inflammatory manner. Skeletal muscle cells regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses and are essentially involved in the pathophysiological processes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Understanding the role of skeletal muscle cells might help to identify new therapeutic targets for these devastating diseases. This review summarizes the immunobiological features of skeletal muscle cells, especially in the context of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and discusses shortcomings and limitations in skeletal muscle related research providing potential perspectives to overcome them in the future.
http://ift.tt/2IeZ8mH
Clinical and experimental evidence for targeting CD6 in immune-based disorders
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Marta Consuegra-Fernández, Feng Lin, David A. Fox, Francisco Lozano
CD6 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by most T cells and a subset of B cells that has incompletely-defined roles in regulation of lymphocyte development, selection, activation and differentiation. The two main known mammalian CD6 ligands, CD166/ALCAM and the very recently reported CD318, are widely expressed by both immune cells and a wide range of other cell types, including various epithelial and mesenchymal cell types, as well as many neoplasms. Moreover, CD6 is also a receptor for several pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns. Further layers of complexity of CD6 function are implied by the existence of multiple CD6 isoforms generated by alternative splicing of CD6 transcripts and soluble forms of CD6 released by proteases from the lymphocyte surface. Multiple lines of evidence are now emerging to implicate CD6 and its ligands in the pathogenesis and potentially the treatment of human autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. CD6 is an important multiple sclerosis risk gene, and mice genetically deficient in CD6 or CD318, or treated with antibodies or chimerical proteins that interfere with CD6-ligand interactions, are protected from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. CD6 deficient mice also show reduced TH17 differentiation and protection from disease in a moue model of psoriasis, providing a foundation for successful clinical trials of an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (Itolizumab) in psoriasis. Here we review current knowledge about CD6 and its ligands, and consider its potential value as a therapeutic target in a range of immune-mediated disorders.
http://ift.tt/2p2vaJJ
The role of capillaroscopy and thermography in the assessment and management of Raynaud's phenomenon
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Ariane L. Herrick, Andrea Murray
Most patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) have "benign" primary RP (PRP), but a minority have an underlying cause, for example a connective tissue disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). Secondary RP can be associated with structural as well as functional digital vascular changes and can be very severe, potentially progressing to digital ulceration or gangrene. The first step in management is to establish why the patient has RP. This short review discusses the role of nailfold capillaroscopy and thermography in the assessment of RP. Nailfold capillaroscopy examines microvascular structure, which is normal in PRP but abnormal in most patients with SSc: the inclusion of abnormal nailfold capillaries into the 2013 classification criteria for SSc behoves clinicians diagnosing connective tissue disease to be familiar with the technique. For those without access to the gold standard of high magnification videocapillaroscopy, a low magnification dermatoscope or USB microscope can be used. Thermography measures surface temperature and is therefore an indirect measure of blood blow, assessing digital vascular function (abnormal in both PRP and SSc). Until now, the use of thermography has been mainly confined to specialist centres and used mainly in research: this may change with development of mobile phone thermography.
http://ift.tt/2IfU9lA
Optimizing conventional DMARD therapy for Sjögren's syndrome
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): E.H.M. van der Heijden, A.A. Kruize, T.R.D.J. Radstake, J.A.G. van Roon
http://ift.tt/2p2dyO9
The value of Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant (ASIA) - Shedding light on orphan diseases in autoimmunity
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Yahel Segal, Shani Dahan, Kassem Sharif, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Abdulla Watad, Howard Amital
Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant (ASIA) is a definition aimed to describe the common etiological process at the root of five clinical entities sharing similar symptomatology: macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome (MMF), Gulf War Syndrome (GWS), sick building syndrome (SBS), siliconosis, and post vaccination autoimmune phenomena. ASIA illustrates the role of environmental immune stimulating agents, or adjuvants, in the instigation of complex autoimmune reactions among individuals bearing a genetic preponderance for autoimmunity. The value of ASIA lies first in the acknowledgment it provides for patients suffering from these as yet ill-defined medical conditions. Equally important is the spotlight it sheds for further research of these poorly understood conditions sharing a common pathogenesis.In this article we elaborate on the significance of ASIA, review the current evidence in support of the syndrome, and address recent reservations raised regarding its validity.
http://ift.tt/2IeIvHB
Contribution of sex steroids and prolactin to the modulation of T and B cells during autoimmunity
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Gabriela Recalde, Tamara Moreno-Sosa, Florencia Yudica, Cristian A. Quintero, Belén Sanchez, Graciela A. Jahn, Alexis M. Kalergis, Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
In this review we discuss how sex steroids and prolactin affect regulation and responsiveness of B and T cells. Sex hormones exert profound effects on several physiological processes of non- reproductive tissues. In the immune system, several studies with experimental models for SLE have shown a noticeable pro-inflammatory role for ERα, contributing to disease development reflected in proteinuria and renal pathology. On the other hand, ERβ appears to have an anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect. Estrogen/ERα signaling induced an increase of Th17 cells in lymph nodes as well as the expression of its correspondent chemokine receptor CCR6 during collagen induced arthritis acute phase. High levels of anti- DNA antibodies and increased mortality was observed when given high E and prolactin doses to NZB/NZW mice, as compared with mice receiving low E and prolactin doses, or high E and low prolactin doses. Intracellular progesterone receptors have been detected in TCD4+ cells but in contrast as observed with ERs, it suppresses T cell dependent responses. Progestagen administration on female NZB/NZW mice decreased anti DNA IgG, improved survival, decreased glomerulonephritis and proteinuria.
http://ift.tt/2p2dr5b
A methodological review of induced animal models of autoimmune diseases
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Xinhua Yu, Frank Petersen
Autoimmune disorders are characterized by a loss of immune tolerance and consequent autoimmunity-mediated disease manifestation. Experimental models are invaluable research tools helping us to understand disease pathogenesis and to search for novel therapeutics. Animal models of autoimmune diseases consist of two groups, spontaneous and induced models. In this review article, we focus on the induced models of autoimmune diseases. Due to the complex nature of autoimmune disorders, many strategies have been applied for the induction of corresponding experimental models in animals like monkeys, rabbits, rats, and mice. Methodologically, these strategies can be categorized into three categories, namely immunization with autoantigen, transfer of autoimmunity, and induction by environmental factors. In this review article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of induced experimental autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, we describe and summarize the different strategies used for induction of experimental autoimmune disease. On the other hand, we discuss how to select a strategy for modeling human disease, including the choice of an appropriate species and method for such an approach.
http://ift.tt/2IdJSGF
Letter to the editor: Autoimmune pathogenic mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Publication date: Available online 8 March 2018
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Antonio Greco, Massimo Ralli, Maurizio Inghilleri, Armando De Virgilio, Andrea Gallo, Marco de Vincentiis
http://ift.tt/2p2djCJ
Solid phase assays versus automated indirect immunofluorescence for detection of antinuclear antibodies
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Jolien Claessens, Thibaut Belmondo, Ellen De Langhe, Rene Westhovens, Koen Poesen, Sophie Hüe, Daniel Blockmans, Michael Mahler, Marvin J. Fritzler, Xavier Bossuyt
Solid phase assays (SPAs) and automated microscope systems are increasingly used to screen for antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of three automated ANA screening assays; NOVA Lite HEp-2 using NOVA View® (NV, Inova Diagnostics), an automated indirect immunofluorescence method, EliA™ CTD Screen (Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay, FEIA; Thermo Fisher) and QUANTA Flash® CTD Screen Plus (Chemiluminescence immunoassay, CIA; Inova Diagnostics).The assays were performed on 480 diagnostic samples from patients with an ANA-associated rheumatic disease (AARD; systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myopathy, mixed connective tissue disease) and on 767 samples from diseased and healthy controls.Using cut-offs proposed by the manufacturers, the sensitivity was 95%, 80.5% and 86% for NV, FEIA and CIA, respectively. The corresponding specificity was 61% (NV), 97.5% (FEIA) and 88% (CIA). The sensitivity associated with a specificity of ~95% was 79%, 82% and 78% for NV, FEIA, and CIA, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis revealed no differences in area under the curve (AUC) between the 3 assays when all diseases were grouped. For Sjögren's syndrome, the AUC was higher for SPAs than for NV, whereas for systemic sclerosis, the AUC was higher for NV than for CIA. For all assays, the likelihood ratio for AARD increased with increasing antibody levels and for double positivity of NV with SPA.In conclusion, the performance of automated SPA and IIF was assay- and disease-dependent. Taking into account antibody levels and combining IIF with SPA adds value.
http://ift.tt/2Ie3HO0
Perspective: Scientific and ethical concerns pertaining to animal models of autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA)
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Rohan Ameratunga, Daman Langguth, David Hawkes
The autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) was first described in 2011. The aluminium containing adjuvants of vaccines were stated to be one of the main causes of the condition. Other disorders associated with ASIA include siliconosis, Gulf war syndrome, sick building syndrome and the macrophagic myositis syndrome. We have recently reviewed ASIA as defined by its authors. We have shown that the definition of ASIA is imprecise and includes all patients with an autoimmune disorder as well as potentially the entire population. Application of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality does not support ASIA as an outcome of exposure to aluminium containing adjuvants in vaccines. The advocates of ASIA highlight animal models as evidence for the existence of the disorder. However, as this review will demonstrate, animal models purporting to support the existence of ASIA have methodological, analytical and ethical flaws which, in our view refute the existence of the condition. Three publications by the advocates of ASIA were recently retracted from peer-reviewed journals. We call for a moratorium on animal experiments of ASIA until an independent inquiry has been conducted to determine the existence of a clinically relevant syndrome, identifiable as ASIA in humans.
http://ift.tt/2DdPWLt
Cryoglobulins: An update on detection, mechanisms and clinical contribution
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Marie-Nathalie Kolopp-Sarda, Pierre Miossec
Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins precipitating in cold condition. They are classified in 3 types according to the Brouet classification and may lead to vasculitis of small and medium size vessels. Vasculitis is related to vessel obstruction by monoclonal cryoglobulin aggregates in type I cryoglobulins and immune complex deposition in type II and III mixed cryoglobulins. This phenomenon is favored by low temperature, especially in skin, joints, and peripheral nerves, or increased cryoglobulin concentration in kidneys. For their detection, collection and clotting at 37 °C are critical pre-analytical conditions. Cryoglobulin characterization and quantification are important to identify the underlying disease. Since detection and identification of cryoglobulins lack standardization, a protocol for such detection, characterization and quantification is proposed.
http://ift.tt/2IffGdX
Association between allelic variants of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Cristian Herrera, Miguel Marcos, Cristina Carbonell, José Antonio Mirón-Canelo, Gerard Espinosa, Ricard Cervera, Antonio-Javier Chamorro
IntroductionThe human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) is considered to play a role in the differences and sensitivities of the glucocorticoid response in individuals with autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to examine by means of a systematic review previous findings regarding allelic variants of NR3C1 in relation to the risk of developing systemic autoimmune diseases.MethodsStudies that analysed the genotype distribution of NR3C1 allelic variants among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases were retrieved. A meta-analysis was conducted with a random effects model. Odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. In addition, sub-analysis by ethnicity, sensitivity analysis and tests for heterogeneity of the results were performed.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. We found no evidence that the analysed NR3C1 polymorphisms, rs6198, rs56149945, and rs6189/rs6190, modulate the risk of developing a systemic autoimmune disease. Nonetheless, a protective role for the minor allele of rs41423247 was found among Caucasians (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92; P = 0.004). A subgroup analysis according to underlying diseases revealed no significant association either for Behçet's disease or rheumatoid arthritis, while correlations between NR3C1 polymorphisms and disease activity or response to glucocorticoids could not be evaluated due to insufficient data.ConclusionsThere is no clear evidence that the analysed NR3C1 allelic variants confer a risk for developing systemic autoimmune diseases although the minor G allele of rs41423247 may be protective among Caucasians.
http://ift.tt/2p2d2Qd
Evaluating Hearing Loss in Patients Undergoing Second Line Anti Tubercular Treatment
Abstract
To estimate the prevalence of Sensorineural hearing loss and evaluate the severity of hearing impairment in patients undergoing second line injectable antitubercular treatment. To study the effects of duration of treatment, dose schedule and demographic factors which aggravates anti TB drug induced ototoxicity. Design–prospective and retrospective study Setting-ENT & TB clinic at our hospital and TB Hospital of Subject-18–50 year age , diagnosed MDR or XDR TB Method–baseline puretone audiometry was done of all patients. all patients divided in 3 group depending on aminoacid (amikacin , kanamycin, capreomycin). Follow up PTA was done at 3rd month, 6th month and 6 month after stopping treatment 35.48% of Group 1 (kanamycin) patients show High frequency hearing loss and 16% of patient have both high and low frequency hearing loss High frequency hearing loss 21% of Group 2 (amikacin) patients show High frequency hearing loss and 5% of patient have both high and low frequency hearing loss 20% of Group 3 (capreomycin) patients show High frequency hearing loss with no patient resulted low frequency loss Patients treated FOR MDR-TB develop significant adverse effects. Clinicians must consider risk benefit analysis during treatment as ototoxicity of injectable aminoglycoside ATT is permanent. Early detection of hearing loss through pure tone audiometry helps preventing and progression of hearing loss without compromising the treatment.
http://ift.tt/2p29TzS
New-onset atrial fibrillation: an update
Abstract
New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is the most common perioperative complication of heart surgery, typically occurring in the perioperative period. NOAF commonly occurs in patients who are elderly, or have left atrial enlargement, or left ventricular hypertrophy. Various factors have been identified as being involved in the development of NOAF, and numerous approaches have been proposed for its prevention and treatment. Risk factors include diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. For prevention of NOAF, β-blockers and amiodarone are particularly effective and are recommended by guidelines. NOAF can be treated by rhythm/rate control, and antithrombotic therapy. Treatment is required in patients with decreased cardiac function, a heart rate exceeding 130 beats/min, or persistent NOAF lasting for ≥ 48 h. It is anticipated that anticoagulant therapies, as well as hemodynamic management, will also play a major role in the management of NOAF. When using warfarin as an anticoagulant, its dose should be adjusted based on PT-INR. PT-INR should be controlled between 2.0 and 3.0 in patients aged < 70 years and between 1.6 and 2.6 in those aged ≥ 70 years. Rate control combined with antithrombotic therapies for NOAF is expected to contribute to further advances in treatment and improvement of survival.
http://ift.tt/2IdFZRS
Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in brewing barley grains from Brazil
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop for food and represents one of the main ingredients in beer production. Considering the importance of barley and its derived products, the knowledge about the mycotoxin contamination in the barley production is essential in order to assess its safety. In this study, the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in brewing barley were determined using a LC-MS/MS method. A survey was conducted in 2015 to estimate the mycotoxin levels in these products (n = 76) from four crop regions in Brazil. The results showed high levels of DON and ZEN in the analyzed samples, with contamination levels of 94 and 73.6%, respectively. The mean levels of DON and ZEN ranged from 1700 to 7500 μg/kg and from 300 to 630 μg/kg, respectively. Barley samples from regions 1 and 2 presented higher levels of ZEN and DON, respectively, and those from region 4 presented lower levels of both. Co-occurrence of DON and ZEN was seen in the majority of the barley grain samples, and the mycotoxin content was above the maximum levels established by the Brazilian and European regulations.
http://ift.tt/2FoQ2Wx
Eesti välispoliitika algusaegadest: Jaan Tõnissoni esimene raport Stockholmist 18.2.1918
Kuldkepp, M; (2014) Eesti välispoliitika algusaegadest: Jaan Tõnissoni esimene raport Stockholmist 18.2.1918. Tuna (4) pp. 74-87.
http://ift.tt/2oWf6tz
Orientation-Selective Retinal Circuits in Vertebrates
Antinucci, P; Hindges, R; (2018) Orientation-Selective Retinal Circuits in Vertebrates. Front. Neural Circuits , 12 , Article 11. 10.3389/fncir.2018.00011 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2HgASiz
The Global Seed Market, Competition Law and Intellectual Property Rights: Untying the Gordian Knot
Lianos, I; Katalevsky, D; Ivanov, A; (2016) The Global Seed Market, Competition Law and Intellectual Property Rights: Untying the Gordian Knot. (CLES Research Paper series 2/2016). Centre for Law, Economics and Society, UCL Faculty of Laws: London, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oV6G5Q
Comprehensive Use of Curvature for Robust and Accurate Online Surface Reconstruction
Lefloch, D; Kluge, M; Sarbolandi, H; Weyrich, T; Kolb, A; (2017) Comprehensive Use of Curvature for Robust and Accurate Online Surface Reconstruction. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 39 (12) pp. 2349-2365. 10.1109/TPAMI.2017.2648803 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2HnfxUP
Public Policy Considerations in Competition Enforcement: Merger Control in South Africa
Raslan, AA; (2016) Public Policy Considerations in Competition Enforcement: Merger Control in South Africa. (CLES Research Paper series 3/2016). Centre for Law, Economics and Society, UCL Faculty of Laws: London, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oV64x4
Facilitation of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation by catecholamines is mediated by β1and β2agonism in the rat heart in vitro
Wilder, CDE; Pavlaki, N; Dursun, T; Gyimah, P; Caldwell-Dunn, E; Ranieri, A; Lewis, HR; Wilder, CDE; Pavlaki, N; Dursun, T; Gyimah, P; Caldwell-Dunn, E; Ranieri, A; Lewis, HR; Curtis, MJ; - view fewer (2018) Facilitation of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation by catecholamines is mediated by β1and β2agonism in the rat heart in vitro. British Journal of Pharmacology 10.1111/bph.14176 . (In press).
http://ift.tt/2HklW2N
The Interplay of Institutions. Linkages between Enacting and Implementing Competition Law in India
Darr, A; (2016) The Interplay of Institutions. Linkages between Enacting and Implementing Competition Law in India. (CLES Research Paper series 4/2016). Centre for Law, Economics and Society, UCL Faculty of Laws: London, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oVhbG6
Kaks majorit kahel pool Läänemerd: Väljaöeldu ja väljamõeldu Carl Axel Mothanderi romaanis President
Kuldkepp, M; (2014) Kaks majorit kahel pool Läänemerd: Väljaöeldu ja väljamõeldu Carl Axel Mothanderi romaanis President. Akadeemia , 2014 (2) pp. 235-270.
http://ift.tt/2tqTJpe
Setting and Strength of Brushite Cements with Varying Reactant Particles
Xia, W; Nor, A; Ashley, P; Young, A; (2013) Setting and Strength of Brushite Cements with Varying Reactant Particles. Presented at: IADR General Session 2013, Seattle, USA. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oVgWuG
Otoferlin acts as a Ca2+ sensor for vesicle fusion and vesicle pool replenishment at auditory hair cell ribbon synapses
Michalski, N; Goutman, JD; Auclair, SM; de Monvel, JB; Tertrais, M; Emptoz, A; Parrin, A; ... Petit, C; + view all Michalski, N; Goutman, JD; Auclair, SM; de Monvel, JB; Tertrais, M; Emptoz, A; Parrin, A; Nouaille, S; Guillon, M; Sachse, M; Ciric, D; Bahloul, A; Hardelin, J-P; Sutton, RB; Avan, P; Krishnakumar, SS; Rothman, JE; Dulon, D; Safieddine, S; Petit, C; - view fewer (2017) Otoferlin acts as a Ca2+ sensor for vesicle fusion and vesicle pool replenishment at auditory hair cell ribbon synapses. eLIFE , 6 , Article e31013. 10.7554/eLife.31013 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2trWshY
Global Governance of Antitrust and the Need for a BRICS Joint Research Platform in Competition Law and Policy
Lianos, I; (2016) Global Governance of Antitrust and the Need for a BRICS Joint Research Platform in Competition Law and Policy. (CLES Research Paper series 5/2016). Centre for Law, Economics and Society, UCL Faculty of Laws: London, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oWpzp6
Heterogeneous localisation of membrane proteins in Staphylococcus aureus
Weihs, F; Wacnik, K; Turner, RD; Culley, S; Henriques, R; Foster, SJ; (2018) Heterogeneous localisation of membrane proteins in Staphylococcus aureus. Scientific Reports , 8 , Article 3657. 10.1038/s41598-018-21750-x . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2HklPUV
"Vexatious"/"Sham" Litigation in EU and US Antitrust Law: A Mechanism Design Approach
Lianos, I; Regibeau, P; (2017) "Vexatious"/"Sham" Litigation in EU and US Antitrust Law: A Mechanism Design Approach. (CLES Research Paper series 1/2017). Centre for Law, Economics and Society, UCL Faculty of Laws: London, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oYHg7i
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic Paralysis
Statland, JM; Fontaine, B; Hanna, MG; Johnson, NE; Kissel, JT; Sansone, VA; Shieh, PB; ... Griggs, RC; + view all Statland, JM; Fontaine, B; Hanna, MG; Johnson, NE; Kissel, JT; Sansone, VA; Shieh, PB; Tawil, RN; Trivedi, J; Cannon, SC; Griggs, RC; - view fewer (2017) Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic Paralysis. Muscle and Nerve 10.1002/mus.26009 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tuzDds
High motor variability in DYT1 dystonia is associated with impaired visuomotor adaptation
Sadnicka, A; Stevenson, A; Bhatia, KP; Rothwell, JC; Edwards, MJ; Galea, JM; (2018) High motor variability in DYT1 dystonia is associated with impaired visuomotor adaptation. Scientific Reports , 8 , Article 3653. 10.1038/s41598-018-21545-0 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oXx6E9
Preterm delivery and small-for-gestation outcomes in HIV-infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in rural South Africa: Results from a cohort study, 2010-2015.
Chetty, T; Thorne, C; Coutsoudis, A; (2018) Preterm delivery and small-for-gestation outcomes in HIV-infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in rural South Africa: Results from a cohort study, 2010-2015. PLoS One , 13 (2) , Article e0192805. 10.1371/journal.pone.0192805 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tyDJkW
Global Food Value Chains and Competition Law BRICS Draft Report
Lianos, I; (2017) Global Food Value Chains and Competition Law BRICS Draft Report. (CLES Research Paper series 11/2017). Centre for Law, Economics and Society, UCL Faculty of Laws: London, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oXx0MN
Updating the EU Internal Market Concept
Lianos, I; (2018) Updating the EU Internal Market Concept. (CLES Research Paper series 1/2018). Centre for Law, Economics and Society, UCL Faculty of Laws: London, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tuyG4S
Who’s Asking? Native Science, Western Science, and Science Education
Dawson, E; (2014) Who's Asking? Native Science, Western Science, and Science Education. [Review]. JCOM : Journal of Science Communication , 13 (03) , Article R02. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2oWwFd0
Status of the FETS Project
Letchford, AP; Clarke-Gayther, MA; Dudman, M; Faircloth, DC; Lawrie, SR; Plostinar, C; Alsari, S; ... Back, JJ; + view all Letchford, AP; Clarke-Gayther, MA; Dudman, M; Faircloth, DC; Lawrie, SR; Plostinar, C; Alsari, S; Aslaninejad, M; Savage, PJ; Pozimski, JK; Boorman, G; Bosco, A; Gibson, S; jolly, S; D'Arcy, RTP; Back, JJ; - view fewer (2014) Status of the FETS Project. In: Vretenar, M and Garoby, R and Gerigk, F, (eds.) LINAC14: Proceedings of the 27th International Linear Accelerator Conference. (pp. pp. 361-363). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tw6iiL
Hodgkins Lymphoma presenting as an obstructing endobronchial mass--A rare presentation
We report a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as an endobronchial mass in a 40-year-old man with history of 8 months of non-specific symptoms like cough, fatigue and weight loss. Initially he was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for suspicion of pneumonia without recovery. Radiographic work-up showed cavitary consolidation of the upper lobe of the left lung, followed by bronchoscopy which showed obstructing mass of the upper lobe of the left lung mimicking primary lung carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimen was suggestive of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient responded well to the chemotherapy regimen.
http://ift.tt/2HkE0dr
Acute glomerulonephritis secondary to Streptococcus anginosus
Streptococcus anginosus is a clinically important pathogen that is emerging globally but remains poorly investigated. Here, we report the first case of acute glomerulonephritis resulting from infection with S. anginosus. Glomerulonephritis is typically caused by S. pyogenes and reports secondary to other strains including S. zooepidemicus and S. constellatus exist. Infection with S. anginosus in this patient was associated with acute nephritis (haematuria, oedema and hypertension), nephrotic syndrome and progressive azotemia. There was activation of the complement system. The presence of low C1q and elevated anti-C1q binding complexes points to a potential pathogenic role. Testing for streptococcal antigens was strongly positive. Emerging nephritogenic strains of S. anginosus present a significant health concern for both developed and developing countries.
http://ift.tt/2FDyjda
An Itch You Can’t Scratch: Researchers Find “Itch Receptors” in the Throats of Mice
http://ift.tt/2oZQkrG
Acute antibody-mediated rejection one week after lung transplantation successfully treated with eculizumab, intravenous immunoglobulins and rituximab
A novel subcutaneous site of islet transplantation superior to the liver
http://ift.tt/2oWaZxS
Speech Perception Skills of Hindi Speaking Children with Pre-lingual Hearing Loss Using Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants
Abstract
Very few published studies have reported auditory speech perception in Hindi children with pre-lingual hearing loss. The study is aimed at comparing the speech perception skills of Hindi speaking children with pre-lingual severe to profound hearing loss using hearing aids and cochlear implants. Forty-three 6 to 8-year old children were included as participants, of which 22 were bilateral behind-the-ear hearing aid (HA) users and 21 were unilateral cochlear implant (CI) users. Speech perception was assessed through a forced-choice, picture-pointing task using recorded stimuli presented at 70 dB HL in the sound field. The skills assessed include: (a) pattern perception, (b) bisyllabic word identification, (c) monosyllabic word identification, (d) sentence identification and (e) minimal pair identification. Children using CI consistently performed significantly better than those with HA on all tasks. For the skills assessed, best performance was seen in pattern perception and poorest performance was seen in monosyllabic word identification. One participant from the CI group obtained ceiling scores for pattern perception and bisyllabic word identification. There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of 6 to 7 and 7 to 8-year-old children for any of the tasks. Children fitted with CI have better access to the cues important for perception of speech and hence perform consistently better than those using hearing aids. Recorded speech perception test can be used with children using cochlear implants and hearing aids.
http://ift.tt/2FnnT26