The objectives of the present work were (1) to compare pig carcass classification using different ZP ("Zwei-Punkt-Messverfahren") equations approved in the EU, applied on the same dataset, and to discuss the origin of differences between member states; (2) to evaluate the effect of a possible common ZP equation from the combined dataset and analyse how do the different subsets perform; and (3) to discuss the consequences of different national equations within the EU in view of the harmonization of pig carcass classification. A dataset of 951 carcasses from Belgium, France, Germany, Slovenia and Spain was used, 12 approved ZP equations in Europe were applied and the results were compared. Observed differences can be due not only to differences in genetics and sexes, but also to differences in the ZP measurement and dissection trials performed to obtain national equations. Important differences between some equations (up to almost 5 lean meat percentage) indicate a low harmonization among them and a need for improvements. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τρίτη 4 Ιουλίου 2017
Comparison of national ZP equations for lean meat percentage assessment in SEUROP pig classification
Correlation of CD4 counts with clinical and histopathological findings in disseminated histoplasmosis: a 10-year retrospective study
Abstract
Background
Disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis (DCH) is one of the manifestations of systemic histoplasmosis infection in HIV-positive patients. Interaction between host immune status and histoplasmosis infection is still poorly understood. It is thought that immune status, represented by CD4 counts, may be correlated with clinical and histopathological findings.
Objective
To correlate the CD4 counts with the different clinical and histopathological findings in cutaneous histoplasmosis.
Methods
This was a serial case report of seven HAART-treated HIV positive patients with disseminated histoplasmosis observed within the period of January 2004 through December 2014 from the Dermatology and Venereology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients came with different complaints and clinical findings. CD4 counts were recorded prior to lesion biopsy.
Results
The CD4 counts were independent from clinical morphology and distribution of lesions. Lower CD4 counts were associated with the presence of intraepidermal yeast-like cells, whereas there is the ability of forming granulomas at higher CD4 counts.
Conclusion
CD4 count correlates to histopathological findings of cutaneous histoplasmosis.
http://ift.tt/2sEuor6
Riga-Fede disease in the upper jaw in an infant
Abstract
Riga-Fede disease is a benign and uncommon mucosal disorder. This illness is an ulceration of the oral mucosa and arises from repetitive traumatic injuries. The disease is usually caused by the sharp edges of new erupted teeth. The aim of the present case report is to present Riga-Fede disease and its treatment. We reported a 11-month-old healthy female infant diagnosed as Riga-Fede disease based on clinical features. After the conservative treatment that focused on eliminating the source of trauma, total healing was observed. Riga-Fede disease is rare. This illness can be confused with malignancies. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are very important for physicians and patients.
http://ift.tt/2sKJ3Mz
Superiority of a vitamin B12-barrier cream compared with standard glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: A randomized, left-to-right comparative trial
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a result of complex genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and immunological interactions with an overlapping epidermal barrier defect. The study evaluates the efficacy and tolerability of topical Vitamin B12-barrier cream (MB12) compared with standard glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream (GPC) used three times a day for mild AD. The study was conducted as a on one hemi-body randomized, controlled, single-blind, intra-patient left-to-right comparative trial by patients with clinical diagnosis of mild AD measured with total SCORAD index over 4 months. MB12 was compared on one hemi-body treated (GPC). The comparisons of score values were performed primarily by using non-parametric procedures: Mann–Whitney-U test (for independent samples) and Wilcoxon test (for dependent samples). All 22 patients were randomized (left or right side treated with MB12 or GPC). At week 12 a reduction from baseline in SCORAD index was assessed in both body sites with 77.6% SCORAD index reduction in the MB12 treated body sites versus 33.5% in the GPC treated body sites. These results suggest that MB12 could represent a new option in the treatment of mild AD.
http://ift.tt/2tfcGJo
Age-Associated Intracellular Superoxide Dismutase Deficiency Potentiates Dermal Fibroblast Dysfunction During Wound Healing
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair wound healing through destructive oxidation of intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD1) regulates ROS levels and plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that age-associated wound healing impairments may partially result from decreased SOD1 expression. We investigated the mechanistic basis by which increased oxidative stress links to age-associated impaired wound healing. Fibroblasts were isolated from unwounded skin of young and aged mice, and myofibroblast differentiation was assessed by measuring α-smooth muscle actin and collagen gel contraction. Excisional wounds were created on young and aged mice to study the healing rate, ROS levels, and SOD1 expression. A mechanistic link between oxidative stress and fibroblast function was explored by assessing the TGF-β1 signaling pathway components in young and aged mice. Age-related wounds displayed reduced myofibroblast differentiation and delayed wound healing, consistent with a decrease in the in vitro capacity for fibroblast-myofibroblast transition following oxidative stress. Young fibroblasts with normal SOD1 expression exhibited increased phosphorylation of ERK in response to elevated ROS. In contrast, aged fibroblasts with reduced SOD1 expression displayed a reduced capacity to modulate intracellular ROS. Collectively, age-associated wound healing impairments are associated with fibroblast dysfunction that is likely the result of decreased SOD1 expression and subsequent dysregulation of intracellular ROS. Strategies targeting these mechanisms may suggest a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of chronic non-healing wounds in the aged population.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tOVQ5j
Neurological and psychiatric associations in bullous pemphigoid – more than skin deep?
Abstract
In elderly patients, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is associated with several comorbidities; the strongest association occurs between BP and neurological diseases. Different types of dementia, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disorders and epilepsy all have a significant association with BP but patients with multiple sclerosis have the highest risk of BP. An existing neurological disorder appears to increase the risk for subsequent BP, but an increased risk for developing some neurological diseases has also been reported following BP diagnosis. BP seems to be associated with several psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, uni- and bipolar disorder, schizotypal and delusional disorders, and personality disorders, but the risk ratios are usually lower than with neurological diseases. In addition to the skin, the BP autoantigens BP180 and BP230 are expressed in the central nervous system. This finding together with the strong epidemiological association between neurological disorders and BP has led to an assumption that neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation could lead to a cross-reactive immunoresponse between neural and cutaneous antigens and the failure of self-tolerance. A subpopulation of patients with Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease have circulating IgG autoantibodies against BP180, but currently their significance for the development of BP is unclear, since these anti-neural BP180 antibodies neither bind to the cutaneous basement membrane nor cause BP like symptoms. Further studies analyzing large and well-characterized populations of neurological and psychiatric patients are required to understand better the role of autoimmunization against neural BP autoantigens in the pathogenesis of BP.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Imiquimod-applied Interleukin-10 deficient mice better reflects severe and persistent psoriasis with systemic inflammatory state
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice resembles phenotypic changes and cytokine profiles of human psoriasis. However, a psoriasis animal model reflecting the chronic inflammatory course and comorbidities has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate the imiquimod-applied interleukin (IL)-10 deficient mouse model in comparison to previous models. IL-10 deficient and wild type (WT) mice received either imiquimod or vehicle cream for 12 days and were sacrificed on day 15. For earlier time point data, either imiquimod or vehicle cream was applied for 2 days and the mice were sacrificed on day 3.
Imiquimod-applied IL-10 deficient mice showed more persistent psoriasis-like inflammation and higher severity index than did WT between day 8 and 15. Histopathologically, they demonstrated significantly thicker epidermis and larger number of CD45+, myeloperoxidase+, and IL-17+ cell counts on day 15. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with skin tissue revealed significantly higher imiquimod-induced IL-23p19 expression in imiquimod-applied IL-10 deficient mice on day 15. IL-10 deficient mice also showed significantly higher serum levels of imiquimod-induced IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor-α by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 15. Furthermore, IL-10 deficient mice showed more prominent increase of spleen weight and decrease of bodyweight in response to imiquimod application on day 3 and 15. In conclusion, IL-10 deficient mice model with imiquimod application may better reflect severe and persistent psoriasis with systemic inflammatory state.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tOzKjv
Ultraviolet radiation and skin mast cells: Effects, mechanisms, and relevance for skin diseases
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are well-known as versatile effector cells in allergic reactions and several other immune responses. Skin MCs and cutaneous MC responses are subject to the effects of environmental factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Numerous studies have assessed the effects of UVR on MCs, in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, UVR seems to have variable effects on nonactivated and activated mast cells. In general, UV therapy is beneficial in the treatment of urticaria and mastocytosis, but the effects are variable depending on treatment regimen and type of UVR.
Here, we review and summarize key reports from the older and current literature on the crosstalk of UVR and skin MCs. Specifically, we present the literature and discuss published reports on the effects of UVR on skin MCs in rodents and humans. In addition, we review the role of MCs in UVR-driven skin diseases and the influence of UV light on MC-mediated skin diseases. This summary of our current understanding of the interplay of skin MCs and UVR may help to improve the management of patients with urticaria and other MC disorders, to identify current gaps of knowledge, and to guide further research.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2unFZb1
A Rare Case of Primary Bilateral Adrenal Lymphoma
Lymphoma may involve the adrenal glands, but primary lymphoma is rare. Only a few cases have been reported in medical literature. Primary adrenal lymphoma is extremely rare, accounting for
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Age-related changes in the morphological relationship between the supratubal recess and the Eustachian tube
To study age-related changes in the morphology of the supratubal recess (STR) and its relationship with the Eustachian tube (ET).
http://ift.tt/2snzFPu
Age-related changes in the morphological relationship between the supratubal recess and the Eustachian tube
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Juan Hong, Keguang Chen, Huiying Lyu, Dongming Yin, Lin Yang, Tianyu Zhang, Peidong Dai
ObjectiveTo study age-related changes in the morphology of the supratubal recess (STR) and its relationship with the Eustachian tube (ET).MethodsSeventy randomly selected computed tomography (CT) images of non-pathological temporal bones of 49 patients were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were grouped according to age into 4 age groups: group A (0–3 years), group B (4–8 years), group C (9–18 years) and group D (19–50 years). Space analytic geometry was assessed to directly calculate the morphology of the STR and the ET.ResultsIn normal temporal bones, the STR was mostly presented with a solitary cell in life. The length of the STR was significantly longer in group C than that in group A (P<0.05). The width of the STR was declined with age and presented with significant difference among age groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the height of the STR in whole age groups (P>0.05). The aeration of the STR was intimately related with age-related morphological changes in the ET. But the important factors influencing the aeration of the STR were not always the same in different age stages.ConclusionThe extended length and declined width of the STR with age were mostly related with the prolonging bony part and inwardly bending cartilaginous part of the ET in children and adolescent aged from 0 to 18 years old. In adults aged more than 18 years old, the narrowed caliber of the tympanic orifice of the ET could induce the decline in the width of the STR with age, but unfolded horizontal cartilaginous part of the ET contributed to stable length and height in aeration of the STR.
http://ift.tt/2sK0fSk
Secondary encephalocele in infant following subdural empyema repaired endoscopically-A case report
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Roshan K. Verma, Navjot Kaur
Subdural empyema (SDE) is an uncommon entity, mostly associated with meningitis and can be life threatening in infants. Rarely, a subdural empyema can lead to nasal encephalocele which can be challenging situation to manage especially in infant. We present a case of 7 month old infant who presented with subdural empyema that led to formation of nasal encaphalocele after 4 months which was managed endoscopic route.
http://ift.tt/2uHTnpP
The effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on incidence and microbiology associated with complicated acute otitis media
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): B.B. Laursen, C.S. Danstrup, S. Hoffmann, N. Nørskov-Lauritsen, A.L.B. Christensen, T. Ovesen
ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence of complicated acute otitis media (cAOM) as well as the associated microbiology before and after introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV-7 and -13), respectively. CAOM comprises "heavy" AOM (AOM demanding hospitalization), mastodismus (M) and acute mastoiditis (AM).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of the incidence and microbiology associated with cAOM during the non-PCV era, the PCV-7 and 13 eras, respectively. Clinical and microbiological data were prospectively registered in a local database. The incidences of cAOM as well as the distribution of various bacterial strains in the three eras were compared.ResultsA total of 246 cases of cAOM (125 in the pre-vaccine period (2001-2006), 50 in the PCV-7 period (2007-2010) and 71 in the PCV-13 period (2011-2015)) were identified.The incidence of hAOM decreased by 62% in the PCV7-era but increased to almost pre-vaccine levels in the PCV-13 era. In the M + AM group, a decrease by almost 21 % in the PCV7-era was found compared to the pre vaccine era, whereas the decrease was only 12 % in the PCV13-era.The three most common findings in both hAOM and M + AM were Streptococcus pneumonia (SP), group A streptococcus (GAS) and "no growth". In the hAOM group, SP decreased from 38% in the pre-vaccine era to 31% in the PCV7-era and further to 16% in the PCV13-era. GAS decreased from 17% in the pre-vaccine era to 0% in the PCV7-era and 16% in the PCV13-era. The percentage of "no growth" increased from 12 % to 38 % and 44 %, respectively.In the M + AM group, SP decreased to 10 % in the PCV13-era compared with 44 % in the pre-vaccine era and 41 % in the PCV7-era. An increase in GAS from 15 % in the pre-vaccine era and PCV7-era to 30 % in the PCV13-era was observed. The "no growth" percentage increased from 13 % in the pre-vaccine era to 26% in the PCV7-era and 33% in the PCV13-era.ConclusionIntroduction of PCV7 and PCV13 has been associated with an overall reduction of cAOM in Central Region Denmark. Pneumococci were still one of the two most common bacteria species related to cAOM though a decrease in pneumococci positive cases was observed. We found an increase in M + AM induced by GAS and a relatively large increase in "no growth", which might be caused by a more aggressive pre-hospital approach to treatment with antibiotics. Consequently, it is not evident whether the reduction of incidences is caused by the vaccines or a more aggressive antimicrobial attitude to manage AOM. The shift to GAS from SP is worrisome, and therefore continuous surveillance of the microbiology associated with AOM is warranted.
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Changes in pediatric tracheostomy tubes exposed to home dishwashing
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 100
Author(s): David E. Smolar, Brian Ho, Steven M. Kent, C. Anthony Hughes, Donald Mettenburg, Fredrick A. Rueggeberg, Michael W. Groves
ObjectiveDetermine the effects of household dishwashing on Tracheostomy Tube safety.IntroductionTracheostomy tubes accumulate biofilms, which may limit their lifespan. Frequent cleaning of the tubes is a method for biofilm prevention. Cleaning practices vary widely. Some families prefer dishwashing of tubes, but its effects are currently unknown. We hypothesize that dishwashing has no significant effect on the physical properties of tracheostomy tubes and can be recommended as a safe way to clean tracheostomy tubes.MethodsTwenty 4.0 Shiley™ pediatric tracheostomy tubes were randomly assigned into dishwashed (DW) and non-dishwashed (NDW) groups, 10/group. DW tubes were subjected to 12 wash cycles. Each tube's hardness along with the surface spectra were analyzed to assess for chemical composition changes. Three cannula samples from each group were also randomly assessed with scanning-electron microscopy and scored by blinded examiners to assess for changes in surface heterogeneity.ResultsHardness testing revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0009) between the NDW and the DW group indicating increased fragility in the dishwashed tubes. Spectral analysis revealed loss of plasticizers, indicating decreased flexibility. Blinded electron microscopy scoring revealed increased surface heterogeneity in the DW group (p = 0.00007).ConclusionA significant decrease in tube hardness and increased surface heterogeneity were found with dishwashing. The spectral analysis demonstrated increasing fragility. We believe these effects could potentially lead to decreased mechanical safety. With increased surface heterogeneity there is a greater potential for biofilm formation. At this time, dishwashing cannot be recommended as a tracheostomy tube cleaning method.
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Assessment of weight gain following adenotonsillectomy in children with Down syndrome
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 100
Author(s): Christopher F. D'Esposito, Zachary Farhood, Andrew B. Baker, Shaun A. Nguyen, Angela C. LaRosa, Chitra Lal, David R. White
IntroductionAdenotonsillectomy (T&A) has been associated with postoperative weight gain in children. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a similar association exists in children with Down syndrome (DS).MethodsThe medical records of 311 DS patients were reviewed. Subjects were classified into either a control group or surgical group based on whether they had undergone adenotonsillectomy (T&A). Subjects were excluded if they only had one recorded BMI. Cases were analyzed in a pairwise fashion to maximize available data. 113 total patients with DS were identified: 84 (74.3%) in the control group and 29 (25.7%) in the T&A group. Height, weight, BMI, and Z-score data were compared between the control and T&A groups at 6-month intervals over a 24-month period.ResultsChildren with DS who underwent T&A were comparable by demographics to children with DS who did not undergo T&A. Mean weight gain at 24 months for the T&A group was 8.07 ± 5.66 kg compared with 5.76 ± 13.20 kg in controls. The median Z-score at 24 months for the T&A group was 1.11 (0.10–1.88) compared with 1.17 (0.80–1.75) in controls. Children undergoing T&A had a stable median Z-score change of 0.09 at 24 months (p = 0.861, compared to baseline) while children who did not undergo T&A had a significantly increased median Z-score of 0.52 (p = 0.035, compared to baseline). Despite this, there were no significant intergroup differences between weight change, BMI, nor Z-score at any interval (p > 0.05).Conclusions and relevanceChildren with DS did not have an increased rate of weight gain or increased BMI after T&A. BMI Z-scores were shown to stabilize over 24 months in the T&A group and increase in the control group. While this suggests that T&A provides an added benefit of weight control in patients with DS, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and the fact that not all patients had complete follow up across a 24-month period.
http://ift.tt/2tJTbch
Evaluation of ototoxicity of intratympanic administration of Methotrexate in rats
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Sabri Baki Eren, Remzi Dogan, Alper Yenigun, Bayram Veyseller, Selahattin Tugrul, Orhan Ozturan, Mehmet Serif Aydin
ObjectiveMethotrexate is a dihydrofolate reductase enzyme inhibitor with very high selectivity, and it is an antiproliferative folic acid antagonist used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effect of intratympanic Methotrexate application in the inner ear.MethodsThis study was planned as an animal study. This study performed in a tertiary referral center. 24 healthy female rats were used in our study. They were separated into three groups. 0.2 cc intratympanic saline was applied to both ears of Group 1. Paracentesis was applied to the tympanic membrane in both ears of Group 2. 0.2 cc intratympanic Methotrexate was applied to both ears of Group 3. At the beginning of the study, Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and Auditory brainstem response (ABR) of all rats were measured and then again on the 5th, 10th and 15th day. Histologic examinations of all groups were compared.ResultsThere was not any significant difference between basal DPOAE and ABR measurement values of the groups and the results were measured again on the 5th, 10th and 15th day (p>0.05). There was no difference between the groups in terms of histology.ConclusionThe intratympanic Methotrexate injection does not have any ototoxic effect on inner ear. We assume that intratympanic Methotrexate could be used safely on inner ear diseases in which steroid treatment is contraindicated or not effective.
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In response to the letter to the editor regarding: Rat model of chronic tympanic membrane perforation: Ventilation tube with mitomycin C and dexamethasone
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Allen Y. Wang, Lawrence J. Liew, Yi Shen, Jeffrey T. Wang, Magnus von Unge, Rodney J. Dilley
http://ift.tt/2uHJb0p
Letter to the Editor regarding: Rat model of chronic tympanic membrane perforation: Ventilation tube with mitomycin C and dexamethasone
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Zheng-Cai Lou
http://ift.tt/2tJJrik
Anaesthesia for laryngo-tracheal surgery, including tubeless field techniques
http://ift.tt/2sD68oV
Critical care management of pulmonary hypertension
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Mepolizumab Efficacy in Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Receiving Different Controller Therapies
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Frank C. Albers, Robert G. Price, Steven G. Smith, Steven W. Yancey
Teaser
This post hoc analysis of the MENSA study demonstrates that mepolizumab reduced the annualized exacerbation rate relative to placebo in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma irrespective of the number or type of background controller therapies.http://ift.tt/2snaNHK
Reduced need for surgery in severe nasal polyposis with mepolizumab: randomised trial
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Claus Bachert, Ana R. Sousa, Valerie J. Lund, Glenis K. Scadding, Philippe Gevaert, Shuaib Nasser, Stephen R. Durham, Marjolein E. Cornet, Harsha H. Kariyawasam, Jane Gilbert, Daren Austin, Aoife C. Maxwell, Richard P. Marshall, Wytske J. Fokkens
BackgroundPatients with eosinophilic nasal polyposis frequently require surgery, and recurrence rates are high.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab vs placebo for severe bilateral nasal polyposis.MethodsThis randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruited patients aged 18−70 years with recurrent nasal polyposis requiring surgery. Patients received intravenous mepolizumab 750 mg or placebo every 4 weeks for a total of six doses, in addition to daily topical corticosteroid treatment. The primary endpoint was the number of patients no longer requiring surgery at Week 25, based on a composite endpoint of endoscopic nasal polyp score and nasal polyposis severity visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Secondary endpoints included change in nasal polyposis severity VAS score, endoscopic nasal polyp score, improvement in individual VAS symptoms (rhinorrhoea, mucus in throat, nasal blockage, and sense of smell), patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and safety.Results105 patients received mepolizumab (n=54) or placebo (n=51). A significantly greater proportion of patients in the mepolizumab group compared with the placebo group no longer required surgery at Week 25 (16[30%] vs 5[10%], respectively; P=0.006). There was a significant improvement in nasal polyposis severity VAS score, endoscopic nasal polyp score, all individual VAS symptom scores, and sino-nasal outcome test [SNOT]-22 PRO score in the mepolizumab group compared with placebo. Mepolizumab's safety profile was comparable to placebo.ConclusionIn patients with recurrent nasal polyposis on topical corticosteroids who required surgery, mepolizumab treatment led to a greater reduction in the need for surgery and a greater improvement in symptoms than placebo.Clinical implicationsResults suggest that mepolizumab treatment has the potential to improve quality of life and reduce surgery-associated burden for patients with severe nasal polyposis.
Teaser
This was the first study to show that mepolizumab treatment added to daily nasal corticosteroids offers a viable alternative to surgery in patients with severe, recurrent nasal polyposis requiring surgery.http://ift.tt/2tGmIny
Reviewing the impact of lipid synthetic flux on Th17 function
Yoko Kidani | Steven J Bensinger
http://ift.tt/2uElRAZ
Surgical Treatment of Retrosternal Goitre
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate surgical approaches to the management of retrosternal goitre. Between 2004 and 2014, 35 patients (eight males; mean age 67.4 ± 10.9 years) with retrosternal goitre (mainly right-sided in 9, left-sided in 14 and bilateral in 12) underwent surgery. A palpable neck mass was found in 11 (31.4%), stridor in 10 (28.6%) and thyrotoxicosis in 4 (11.4%) cases. 4 (11.4%) patients were asymptomatic. Tracheal compression was detected radiologically in 27 (77.2%) patients with deviation in 18 (51.4%). A collar incision was performed in 34 patients, 6 (17.1%) of whom required additional sternotomy, 1 (2.9%) was assisted by an anterior mediastinotomy. 1 (2.9%) had a right lateral thoracotomy. There was no operative mortality. Transient vocal changes occurred in 3 (8.6%) patients, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 3, atrial fibrillation in 2, and wound complications in 2 (5.7%). Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 12 days (5.5 ± 2.0). Multinodular goitre was found in 33 patients, diffuse goitre in 1 and ectopic thyroid in 1. The average vertical length of goitres in the collar incision group was 7.6 cm compared to 10.6 cm in the sternotomy group. The average weight of specimens was 156.3 g in patients with collar incisions and 307.5 g in the sternotomy group. Removal of retrosternal goitre is more commonly performed via a cervical collar incision with mandatory availability of sternotomy. Radiological measurement of craniocaudal length may predict the risk of sternotomy. Surgical outcomes are not affected by surgical approach.
http://ift.tt/2uGZivj
Vitamin D supplementation in primary allergy prevention: systematic review of randomized and non-randomized studies
Abstract
Background
To date, a systematic review of the evidence regarding the association between Vitamin D and allergic diseases development has not yet been undertaken.
Objective
To review the efficacy and safety of Vitamin D supplementation when compared to no supplementation in pregnant women, breastfeeding women, infants and children for the prevention of allergies.
Methods
Three databases were searched through 30 January 2016 including randomized (RCT) and non-randomized studies (NRS). Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the certainty in the body of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
Results
Among the 1932 articles identified, one RCT and four NRS were eligible. Very low certainty in the body of evidence across examined studies suggests that Vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women, breastfeeding women and infants may not decrease the risk of developing allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (in pregnant women), allergic rhinitis (in pregnant women, and infants), asthma and/or wheezing (in pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants), or food allergies (in pregnant women). We found no studies of primary prevention of allergic diseases in children.
Conclusion
Limited information is available addressing primary prevention of allergic diseases after Vitamin D supplementation and its potential impact remains uncertain.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2umZMrk
Estimating the causal effect of body mass index on hay fever, asthma, and lung function using Mendelian randomization
Abstract
Background
Observational studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with asthma. However, observational data are prone to confounding and reverse causation. In Mendelian randomization, genetic variants are used as un-confounded markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of BMI on asthma, hay fever, allergic sensitization, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC).
Methods
We included 490,497 participants in the observational and 162,124 participants in the genetic analyses. A genetic risk score (GRS) was created using 26 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results were pooled in meta-analyses and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or β-estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
The GRS was significantly associated with asthma (OR=1.009; 95% CI: 1.004, 1.013), but not with hay fever (OR= 0.998; 95% CI: 0.994, 1.002), or allergic sensitization (OR=0.999; 95% CI: 0.986, 1.012) per BMI-increasing allele. The GRS was significantly associated with decrease in FEV1: β=-0.0012 (95% CI: -0.0019, -0.0006) and FVC: β=-0.0022 (95% CI: -0.0031, -0.0014) per BMI-increasing allele. Effect sizes estimated by instrumental variable analyses were OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.10) for asthma, a 9 ml decrease in FEV1 (95% CI: 2.0-15 ml decrease), and a 16 ml decrease in FVC (95% CI: 7.0-24 ml decrease) per 1 kg/m2 higher BMI.
Conclusions
The results support the conclusion that increasing BMI is causally related to higher prevalence of asthma and decreased lung function, but not with hay fever or biomarkers of allergy.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tNX7d5
Surgical Treatment of Retrosternal Goitre
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate surgical approaches to the management of retrosternal goitre. Between 2004 and 2014, 35 patients (eight males; mean age 67.4 ± 10.9 years) with retrosternal goitre (mainly right-sided in 9, left-sided in 14 and bilateral in 12) underwent surgery. A palpable neck mass was found in 11 (31.4%), stridor in 10 (28.6%) and thyrotoxicosis in 4 (11.4%) cases. 4 (11.4%) patients were asymptomatic. Tracheal compression was detected radiologically in 27 (77.2%) patients with deviation in 18 (51.4%). A collar incision was performed in 34 patients, 6 (17.1%) of whom required additional sternotomy, 1 (2.9%) was assisted by an anterior mediastinotomy. 1 (2.9%) had a right lateral thoracotomy. There was no operative mortality. Transient vocal changes occurred in 3 (8.6%) patients, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 3, atrial fibrillation in 2, and wound complications in 2 (5.7%). Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 12 days (5.5 ± 2.0). Multinodular goitre was found in 33 patients, diffuse goitre in 1 and ectopic thyroid in 1. The average vertical length of goitres in the collar incision group was 7.6 cm compared to 10.6 cm in the sternotomy group. The average weight of specimens was 156.3 g in patients with collar incisions and 307.5 g in the sternotomy group. Removal of retrosternal goitre is more commonly performed via a cervical collar incision with mandatory availability of sternotomy. Radiological measurement of craniocaudal length may predict the risk of sternotomy. Surgical outcomes are not affected by surgical approach.
http://ift.tt/2uGZivj
A Double-Blind, Randomised Study Comparing the Skin Hydration and Acceptability of Two Emollient Products in Atopic Eczema Patients with Dry Skin
Abstract
Introduction
Healthcare professionals tend to recommend emollients based primarily on patient/consumer preference and cost, with cheaper options assumed to be therapeutically equivalent. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the effects on skin hydration of two emollients prescribed in the UK, Doublebase Dayleve™ gel (DELP) and a cheaper alternative, Zerobase Emollient™ cream (ZBC).
Methods
This was a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, concurrent bi-lateral (within-patient) comparison in 18 females with atopic eczema and dry skin on their lower legs. DELP gel and ZBC cream were each applied to one lower leg twice daily for 4 days and on the morning only on day 5. The efficacy of both products was assessed by hydration measurements using a Corneometer CM825 probe (Courage-Khazaka Electronic). The measurements were made three times daily on days 1 to 5. The primary efficacy variable was the area under the curve (AUC) of the change from baseline corneometer readings over the 5 days.
Results
Skin hydration using DELP gel was significantly higher than using ZBC cream (p < 0.0001). The cumulative increase in skin hydration observed for DELP gel was substantial and long lasting. In contrast, for ZBC cream, there was no significant improvement of the cumulative skin hydration as measured by the AUC (p = 0.22).
Conclusion
DELP gel achieved substantial, long-lasting and cumulative skin hydration, whilst ZBC cream achieved no measurable improvement in skin hydration compared to before treatment. Healthcare professionals should be aware that different emollients can perform differently.
Funding
Dermal Laboratories Ltd.
Trial Registration
EudraCT number:2014-001026-16.
http://ift.tt/2tEVxda
Specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): G. Mortuaire, J. Michel, J.F. Papon, O. Malard, D. Ebbo, L. Crampette, R. Jankowski, A. Coste, E. Serrano
Allergic rhinitis is a common condition, with significant impact on quality of life depending on severity and quality of control. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (allergen-SIT) is the only known treatment able to alter the natural course of allergic rhinitis. Although well known to allergologists, it has yet to be fully adopted by the ENT community. This review, based on the most recent meta-analyses and clinical studies, shows that SIT significantly reduces symptoms and medication requirements (nasal corticosteroids, H1-antihistamines) in allergic rhinitis. It can reduce the risk of progression to asthma and, if initiated early enough, of developing new sensitizations. Immunobiological analysis shows an altered inflammatory profile following SIT, with immune tolerance involving T-regulatory lymphocyte induction and IgG production. Sublingual SIT with drops is as effective as subcutaneous SIT and is simpler to use, with less anaphylactic risk. Standardization of trial protocols in terms of treatment response assessment and side effect grading is recommended to improve comparative studies. Sublingual SIT with tablets has recently been introduced, providing a good opportunity for ENT practitioners to adopt the SIT approach in rhinitis triggered by allergy to pollens and, in the near future, to house dust mites.
http://ift.tt/2tFEJTn
Rare presentation of intractable tuberculous panophthalmitis with intraocular and intraorbital abscesses: a case report
We report a rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
http://ift.tt/2tmaJt5
Insecticidal activity and composition of essential oils from Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica against the model and stored product pest beetle Tribolium castaneum
This study is the first report to compare the compositions of the gum, fruit and leaves essential oils of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica and the fumigant toxicity against the model and important stored product pest insect, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Col.: Tenebrionidae). The essential oils of the three parts showed qualitative differences in their chemical compositions, but the major common compounds were alpha-pinene, spathulenol, beta-myrcene and D-limonene. The fumigant tests against Tribolium beetles confirmed insecticide activity and the gum essential oil was the most toxic; the concentration to kill 50 % of treated insects (LC50) was 29 mu l/l air. Our data confirm the usefulness of natural plant products as essential oils from Pistacia trees to be used as a botanic fumigant insecticide against important pest insects.
http://ift.tt/2tImI6m
Distribution and evolution of the lectin family in soybean (Glycine max)
Lectins are a diverse group of proteins that bind specific carbohydrates and are found throughout all kingdoms. In plants, lectins are involved in a range of important processes such as plant defense and stress signaling. Although the genome sequence of Glycine max (soybean) has been published, little is known about the abundance and expansion patterns of lectin genes in soybean. Using BLAST and hidden Markov models, a total of 359 putative lectin genes have been identified. Furthermore, these sequences could be classified in nine of the twelve plant lectin families identified today. Analysis of the domain organization demonstrated that most of the identified lectin genes encode chimerolectins, consisting of one or multiple lectin domains combined with other known protein domains. Both tandem and segmental duplication events have contributed to the expansion of the lectin gene family. These data provide a detailed understanding of the domain architecture and molecular evolution of the lectin gene family in soybean.
http://ift.tt/2tI9Ih0
Microwave Spectroscopy of a Carbon Nanotube Charge Qubit
Penfold-Fitch, ZV; Sfigakis, F; Buitelaar, MR; (2017) Microwave Spectroscopy of a Carbon Nanotube Charge Qubit. Physical Review Applied , 7 (5) , Article 054017. 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.054017 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tI5eqG
T-tubule remodelling disturbs localized β2-adrenergic signalling in rat ventricular myocytes during the progression of heart failure
Schobesberger, S; Wright, P; Tokar, S; Bhargava, A; Mansfield, C; Glukhov, AV; Poulet, C; Schobesberger, S; Wright, P; Tokar, S; Bhargava, A; Mansfield, C; Glukhov, AV; Poulet, C; Buzuk, A; Monszpart, A; Sikkel, M; Harding, SE; Nikolaev, VO; Lyon, AR; Gorelik, J; - view fewer (2017) T-tubule remodelling disturbs localized β2-adrenergic signalling in rat ventricular myocytes during the progression of heart failure. Cardiovascular Research , 113 (7) pp. 770-782. 10.1093/cvr/cvx074 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2uGbZX5
Investigation into the application of adult human Muller stem cells in retinal ganglion cell replacement therapy
Singhal, S; (2007) Investigation into the application of adult human Muller stem cells in retinal ganglion cell replacement therapy. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).
http://ift.tt/2tIfHCs
Relationship between brainstem neurodegeneration and clinical impairment in traumatic spinal cord injury
Grabher, P; Blaiotta, C; Ashburner, J; Freund, P; (2017) Relationship between brainstem neurodegeneration and clinical impairment in traumatic spinal cord injury. NeuroImage: Clinical , 15 pp. 494-501. 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.05.026 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2uGew3y
Modulation of NMDA receptor activity by dopamine receptors in the rat striatum
Tong, H; (2006) Modulation of NMDA receptor activity by dopamine receptors in the rat striatum. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tIpc4t
Exploratory study into the effect of abdominal mass loading on airways resistance and ventilatory failure
Dattani, RS; Swerner, CB; Stradling, JR; Manuel, ARG; (2016) Exploratory study into the effect of abdominal mass loading on airways resistance and ventilatory failure. BMJ Open Respiratory Research , 3 (1) , Article e000138. 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000138 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2uGyJXk
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging reveals nuclei of the human amygdala: manual segmentation to automatic atlas
Saygin, ZM; Kliemann, D; Iglesias, JE; van der Kouwe, AJW; Boyd, E; Reuter, M; Stevens, A; Saygin, ZM; Kliemann, D; Iglesias, JE; van der Kouwe, AJW; Boyd, E; Reuter, M; Stevens, A; Van Leemput, K; McKee, A; Frosch, MP; Fischl, B; Augustinack, JC; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, .; - view fewer (2017) High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging reveals nuclei of the human amygdala: manual segmentation to automatic atlas. NeuroImage , 155 pp. 370-382. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.046 .
http://ift.tt/2tI2zgI
Inhibition of Poxvirus Gene Expression and Genome Replication by Bisbenzimide Derivatives.
Yakimovich, A; Huttunen, M; Zehnder, B; Coulter, LJ; Gould, V; Schneider, C; Kopf, M; Yakimovich, A; Huttunen, M; Zehnder, B; Coulter, LJ; Gould, V; Schneider, C; Kopf, M; McInnes, CJ; Greber, UF; Mercer, J; - view fewer (2017) Inhibition of Poxvirus Gene Expression and Genome Replication by Bisbenzimide Derivatives. J Virol 10.1128/JVI.00838-17 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2uGwumI
What Have We Learned from Structural Models?
Blundell, R; (2017) What Have We Learned from Structural Models? American Economic Review , 107 (5) pp. 287-292. 10.1257/aer.p20171116 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tIkVyh
Generalized Observational Slicing for Tree-Represented Modelling Languages Data
Gold, NE; Binkley, D; Harman, M; Islam, S; Krinke, J; Yoo, S; (2017) Generalized Observational Slicing for Tree-Represented Modelling Languages Data. [Dataset]. UCL Department of Computer Science: London, UK. (In press).
http://ift.tt/2uG7wDR
Dicer Deficiency Differentially Impacts Microglia of the Developing and Adult Brain
Varol, D; Mildner, A; Blank, T; Shemer, A; Barashi, N; Yona, S; David, E; Varol, D; Mildner, A; Blank, T; Shemer, A; Barashi, N; Yona, S; David, E; Boura-Halfon, S; Segal-Hayoun, Y; Chappell-Maor, L; Keren-Shaul, H; Leshkowitz, D; Hornstein, E; Fuhrmann, M; Amit, I; Maggio, N; Prinz, M; Jung, S; - view fewer (2017) Dicer Deficiency Differentially Impacts Microglia of the Developing and Adult Brain. Immunity , 46 (6) 1030-1044.e8. 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.003 .
http://ift.tt/2tIfDCI
Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints in Uveitis: The Impact of Quantitative Imaging
Denniston, AK; Keane, PA; Srivastava, SK; (2017) Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints in Uveitis: The Impact of Quantitative Imaging. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 58 (6) BIO131-BIO140. 10.1167/iovs.17-21788 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2uGdc0I
Modelling the upper atmosphere of the gas giant planets
Smith, CGA; (2006) Modelling the upper atmosphere of the gas giant planets. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tI2wS4
Modulation of calcium-activated potassium currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells
Taylor, RDT; (2008) Modulation of calcium-activated potassium currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2uGjnC8
The growth of love
White, Keith J.; (2016) The growth of love. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 22-33. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.03 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tIxkC5
Brown, B. (2015). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Penguin books, ISBN 978-1592408412.
Walter, Chris; (2016) Brown, B. (2015). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Penguin books, ISBN 978-1592408412. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 180-183. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.17 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2uGyGL8
Commentary on the MID3 good practices paper
EMA MSWG Group, .; Manolis, E; Brogren, J; Cole, S; Pittaway-Hay, J; Nordmark, A; Karlsson, KE; EMA MSWG Group, .; Manolis, E; Brogren, J; Cole, S; Pittaway-Hay, J; Nordmark, A; Karlsson, KE; Lentz, F; Benda, N; Wangorsch, G; Pons, G; Zhao, W; Gigante, V; Serone, F; Standing, JF; Dokoumetzidis, A; Vakkilainen, J; van den Heuvel, M; Mangas Sanjuan, V; Taminiau, J; Kerwash, E; Khan, D; Musuamba, FT; Skottheim Rusten, I; - view fewer (2017) Commentary on the MID3 good practices paper. CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 10.1002/psp4.12223 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tIheZ9
Perspectives on love as a component of professional practice
Vincent, Jennifer; (2016) Perspectives on love as a component of professional practice. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 6-21. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.02 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2uGkPEB
Photobacterium sanguinicancri sp. nov. isolated from marine animals
Six strains were isolated from the hemolymph of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla, captured in Spain, and one from a diseased blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. The 16S rRNA gene sequences showed close similarity to the recently described Photobacterium swingsii (98.1 %) and to a lesser degree to Photobacterium aquimaris (97.8 %). MLSA analyses showed a monophyletic group including P. swingsii that form a new subclade. All genomic analyses (Average Nucleotide Identity, Average Amino Acid Identity, and in silico DNA-DNA) clearly separate the strains analysed from P. swingsii with values below the thresholds to delimit a new species. The phenotypic, genotypic and genomic data presented here clearly place these strains as a coherent group within the genus Photobacterium, for which we propose the name Photobacterium sanguinicancri sp. nov. Strain CAIM 1827(T) (=CECT 7579(T), =DSM 24670(T)) is proposed as the type strain of the species.
http://ift.tt/2ultbSo
Production of lactic acid and derivatives from grass using mixed populations
Second generation biorefinery is a facility for biofuel and material production where both fuel and high value products are produced from waste feedstock such as lignocellulosic biomass. Hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass, which can serve as precursor to its polymer polylactic acid (PLA), or precursor for aviation fuel. A widely abundant biomass feedstock which comes forth for this purpose is grass. To achieve this, the intermediary processes have to be thoroughly investigated. Before the biomass feedstock can be utilized, it has to be pretreated to improve its biodegradability. Hence, the first objective of this thesis was to perform pretreatment on the selected biomass – grass. Thermo-mechanical pretreatment with extrusion and chemical pretreatment using calcium hydroxide were employed to enhance the biodegradability of grass. The efficiency of the pretreatment was evaluated based on the methane production and chemical oxygen demand (COD) conversion through mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Once the pretreatment was confirmed to be effective in improving the biodegradability of biomass, storage tests was performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment on biomass storability. Adjacent to storage, a fermentation process was performed to obtain lactic acid. The native microbiome from grass involved in the fermentation was also investigated. Extraction of lactic acid is required after this fermentation process. Membrane electrolysis using anion exchange membrane was used to extract lactic acid from the fermentation broth. Through this process, the pH of the fermentation broth can be controlled without extra chemicals, and lactic acid can be extracted and concentrated into a clear solution. Due to the hydrophilic nature of lactic acid, a possible strategy is to convert lactic acid into a more hydrophobic product – caproic acid through microbial chain elongation which is also known as reverse beta oxidation. Caproic acid has a maximum water solubility of 11 g L-1 at 20 °C, which allows an easier product separation from the fermentation broth. The extracted caproic acid can be further upgraded to fuel by Kolbe electrolysis. For polymerization of lactic acid into PLA, further purification processes were needed. First esterification process was used to remove acetic acid from the extracted solution. Ion exchange resin was used to further remove impurities from the broth. Finally, pure lactic acid was obtained using diethyl ether extraction. Polycondensation was performed to polymerize the lactic acid into the biodegradable plastic PLA.
http://ift.tt/2tMyBsW
Ribosome inactivating proteins from Rosaceae
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are widespread among higher plants of different taxonomic orders. In this study, we report on the RIP sequences found in the genome/transcriptome of several important Rosaceae species, including many economically important edible fruits such as apple, pear, peach, apricot, and strawberry. All RIP domains from Rosaceae share high sequence similarity with conserved residues in the catalytic site and the carbohydrate binding sites. The genomes of Malus domestica and Pyrus communis contain both type 1 and type 2 RIP sequences, whereas for Prunus mume, Prunus persica, Pyrus bretschneideri, and Pyrus communis a complex set of type 1 RIP sequences was retrieved. Heterologous expression and purification of the type 1 as well as the type 2 RIP from apple allowed to characterize the biological activity of the proteins. Both RIPs from Malus domestica can inhibit protein synthesis. Furthermore, molecular modelling suggests that RIPs from Rosaceae possess three-dimensional structures that are highly similar to the model proteins and can bind to RIP substrates. Screening of the recombinant type 2 RIP from apple on a glycan array revealed that this type 2 RIP interacts with terminal sialic acid residues. Our data suggest that the RIPs from Rosaceae are biologically active proteins.
http://ift.tt/2tMjxeC
Anthropometric study of the Caucasian nose in the city of Curitiba: relevance of population evaluation
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Annelyse Cristine Ballin, Bettina Carvalho, José Eduardo Lutaif Dolci, Renata Becker, Cezar Berger, Marcos Mocellin
IntroductionNorms and patterns of nasal esthetics are essential for an adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical programming. The esthetic nasal patterns used are a blend of artistic beauty ideals and tracings in models and celebrities. Because they do not consider population measures, they vary according to the period, and allow a discrepancy between the surgeon's preference and the patient's real desire for rhinoplasty. Not all populations wish to obtain an esthetic result according to these values, but prefer a natural result, that is, one with some of the nasal characteristics of the population to which they belong to. The Brazilian population lacks population studies to evaluate its nose measurements.Objective(1) To evaluate the anthropometric measures of Caucasian noses of people living in the city of Curitiba (state of Paraná), and to compare them to the ideal esthetic pattern of the literature; (2) To compare them between genders.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study involving 100 Caucasian volunteers at a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. Through the frontal and lateral view photos, intercanthal distance, alar distance, nasal dorsum length, nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, and nasal tip projection (Goode's method) were obtained. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the measures obtained between genders and with the ideal patterns.ResultsComparing the results obtained with those predicted by the esthetic ideals, the sample presented: similar nasolabial angle (p=0.07), alar width greater than intercanthal distance (p<0.001), higher nasal tip projection (p<0.001), larger width–length ratio (p<0.001), and more obtuse nasofrontal angle (p<0.001). The nasofrontal angle (p=0.0008) and the tip projection (p=0.032) were statistically different between the genders. Men had a smaller nasofrontal angle, and a larger Goode's ratio.ConclusionExcept for the nasolabial angle, the measures obtained in the population sample differed from the published esthetic ideals. Comparing the genders, men had a sharper nasofrontal angle, and higher tip projection than women.
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Incidence, Treatment Patterns, and Health Care Costs of Infantile Hemangioma: Results of a Retrospective German Database Analysis
Abstract
Objectives
To determine the incidence, effect (defined according to treatment rate), and health care costs of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in Germany from 2007 to 2012 by analyzing patient data of German statutory health insurances.
Methods
A retrospective analysis using data from a database matched with the overall population covered by German statutory health insurance was performed. To describe the treatment rate and costs of IHs, a search algorithm was developed dividing the study population into three groups (patients with IHs, patients with IHs possibly requiring treatment, and patients with IHs receiving treatment).
Results
The incidence of IHs was 2.0% to 3.2%, with a slight increase during the later years of the study period and a female:male ratio of 1.4:1. IH incidence was lower and girls were less likely to present with IHs than in previous reports. The mean treatment rate of IHs was 11.3%. Mean health care costs during first year of life for infants diagnosed with IHs in 2012 were slightly lower (€2,396) than for all infants (€2,649), whereas costs for infants diagnosed and treated for IHs were considerably higher (€10,550). The majority of these costs were due to hospitalization (€8,658).
Conclusion
This retrospective study is the first to analyze the incidence and sex ratio of IHs based on German claims data. The treatment rate of IHs was consistent with previous reports. The mean health care costs for treated patients with IHs were substantially higher than those for all newborns. Limitations of this study are coding bias, a limited sample size, and claims perspective (nonclinical approach).
http://ift.tt/2sI4EF8
Thymus vulgaris L. extract has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in the absence of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 82
Author(s): Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira, Daiane de Jesus Viegas, Ana Paula Réquia Martins, Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, Cristina Pacheco Soares, Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo, Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge, Luciane Dias de Oliveira
ObjectivesThis study evaluated the biological effects of the T. vulgaris L. extract., such as antimicrobial activity on planktonic cultures and mono- and polymicrobial biofilms, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity and genotoxicity.MethodsMonomicrobial biofilms of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and polymicrobial biofilms composed by C. albicans with each bacterium were formed for 48h and exposed for 5min to the plant extract. Murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) were also exposed to the plant extract for 5min and the cell viability were analyzed by MTT, neutral red (NR) and crystal violet (CV) assays. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced by RAW 264.7 was quantified by ELISA, after 24h exposure to the plant extract, both in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. Genotoxicity of the plant extract was evaluated by micronucleus formation (MN) in 1000 cells. The results were analyzed by T-Test or ANOVA and Tukey's Test (P≤0.05).ResultsAll biofilms showed significant reductions in CFU/mL (colony-forming units per milliliter). Cell viability was above 50% for all cell lines. Anti-inflammatory effect on the synthesis of IL-1β and TNF-α was observed. The MN was similar or lower than the control group in all cells.ConclusionsT. vulgaris L. extract was effective against all biofilms, promoted high cell viability, anti-inflammatory effect and presented no genotoxicity.
http://ift.tt/2slX97E
Different expression patterns of Lin28 and Lin28b in mouse molar development
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 82
Author(s): Ning Dong, Yan Liu, Tiantian Zhang, Lin Zhao, Jiangang Tian, Jianping Ruan
ObjectiveThe RNA-binding proteins Lin28 and Lin28b are expressed in many developing tissues and are involved in the biosynthesis of the microRNA let-7 family and embryogenesis processes. However, their roles in mammalian tooth development remain ill-defined.DesignThe spatiotemporal expressions of Lin28 and Lin28b during mouse molar odontogenesis from day E11.5 to P21 were examined through immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.ResultsBoth Lin28 and Lin28b were initially expressed in dental epithelium, but the expression patterns varied thereafter. Lin28 was expressed in tooth germ from early embryonic stages and was consistently expressed in the ameloblasts and odontoblasts throughout all stages of tooth development. However, positive staining of Lin28b gradually faded out with tooth germ development, before finally disappearing in tooth organ cells after birth.ConclusionsThese results indicate that Lin28 was spatiotemporally expressed in tooth germ throughout tooth development progression and may play an active role in ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation, as well as matrix secretion and the mineralization of enamel and dentin. Its paralogue Lin28b may have a distinct function in tooth germ formation.
http://ift.tt/2tEY72R
Role of fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis through ITS sequencing
Objective
Next-generation sequencing increases the sensitivity of fungal identification and may improve our understanding of the role that fungi play in sinus health and disease, which remains incompletely understood. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon to explore the role of the mycobiome in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
Methods
Swabs were collected intraoperatively from the middle meatus of 90 patients (63 with CRS; 27 controls). DNA was extracted, and ITS amplicon concentration was measured using fluorometry. Internal transcribed spacer amplicons were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq (Illumina Inc San Diego CA). Sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME.
Results
Using conventional detection techniques of culture and histology, fungi only were identified in nine of 63 (14.3%) CRS patients (fungus-identified group); the remaining 54 CRS patients and all controls did not have fungus identified using the traditional techniques. This fungus-identified group had a significantly higher average ITS concentration and a significantly lower Shannon's diversity index compared to the other two groups. The most abundant organism sequenced was Aspergillus (35.22% of all sequences). Multivariate analysis showed that positive fungal detection using traditional techniques and computed tomography (CT) double densities were the most important clinical predictors of a high fungal biomass, whereas Lund-Mackay score, polyps, eosinophilia, and eosinophilic mucus were not significant in comparison.
Conclusion
Fungal biomass estimated through ITS amplicon concentration correlated with traditional fungal detection techniques and CT double densities. Our results suggest that fungal dysbiosis only occurs in the sinuses of a selected subset of patients, and therefore could not be a universal determinant of sinus disease pathogenesis in all CRS patients.
Level of Evidence
NA. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Occlusion handling framework for tracking in smart camera networks by per-target assistance task assignment
Occlusion is one of the most difficult challenges in the area of visual tracking. In this paper, we propose an occlusion handling framework to improve the performance of local tracking in a smart camera view in a multi-camera network. We formulate an extensible energy function to quantify the quality of a camera's observation of a particular target by taking into account of both person--person and object--person occlusion. Using this energy function, a smart camera assesses the quality of observations over all targets being tracked. When it cannot adequately observe of a target, a smart camera estimates the quality of observation of the target from view points of other assisting cameras. If a camera with better observation of the target is found, the tracking task of the target is carried out with the assistance of that camera. In our framework, only positions of persons being tracked are exchanged between smart cameras. Thus communication bandwidth requirement is very low. Performance evaluation of our method on challenging video sequences with frequent and severe occlusions shows that the accuracy of a baseline tracker is considerably improved. We also report the performance comparison to state of the art trackers in which our method outperforms.
http://ift.tt/2sHZUj0
Love: Recognising relationships in work with vulnerable youth
Thrana, Hilde Marie; (2016) Love: Recognising relationships in work with vulnerable youth. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 71-89. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.06 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tlctTq
Forecasted trends in disability and life expectancy in England and Wales up to 2025: A modelling study
Guzman-Castillo, M; Ahmadi-Abhari, S; Bandosz, P; Capewell, S; Steptoe, A; Singh-Manoux, A; Kivimaki, M; Guzman-Castillo, M; Ahmadi-Abhari, S; Bandosz, P; Capewell, S; Steptoe, A; Singh-Manoux, A; Kivimaki, M; Shipley, MJ; Brunner, EJ; O'Flaherty, M; - view fewer (2017) Forecasted trends in disability and life expectancy in England and Wales up to 2025: A modelling study. The Lancet Public Health , 2 (7) e307-e313. 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30091-9 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sBDeFP
Aroha: 'Loving' within a statutory and bi-cultural residential environment
Sutherland, Andrew; (2016) Aroha: 'Loving' within a statutory and bi-cultural residential environment. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 159-167. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.13 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tlOXFO
Editorial
Smith, Mark; (2016) Editorial. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 1-5. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.01 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2sBP9DO
Faith, hope and love in social work practice
Ravadale, Hannah; (2016) Faith, hope and love in social work practice. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 168-170. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.14 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tlkBDe
Children's quest for love and professional child protection work: the case of Norway
Basberg Neumann, Cecilie; (2016) Children's quest for love and professional child protection work: the case of Norway. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 104-123. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.08 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2sBQWsl
Orphan love in the age of capital
Skott-Myhre, Hans; Skott-Myhre, Kathleen S.G.; Kouri, Scott; Smith, Jeff; (2016) Orphan love in the age of capital. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 51-70. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.05 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tlkyYf
Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study
Topiwala, A; Allan, CL; Valkanova, V; Zsoldos, E; Filippini, N; Sexton, C; Mahmood, A; Topiwala, A; Allan, CL; Valkanova, V; Zsoldos, E; Filippini, N; Sexton, C; Mahmood, A; Fooks, P; Singh-Manoux, A; Mackay, CE; Kivimäki, M; Ebmeier, KP; - view fewer (2017) Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study. BMJ , 357 , Article j2353. 10.1136/bmj.j2353 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sBkaaQ
Active dendritic integration as a mechanism for robust and precise grid cell firing
Schmidt-Hieber, C; Toleikyte, G; Aitchison, L; Roth, A; Clark, BA; Branco, T; Häusser, M; (2017) Active dendritic integration as a mechanism for robust and precise grid cell firing. Nature Neuroscience 10.1038/nn.4582 . (In press).
http://ift.tt/2tlOYJS
Pregnancy incidence and outcomes in women with perinatal HIV infection
Byrne, L; Sconza, R; Foster, C; Tookey, PA; Cortina-Borja, M; Thorne, C; (2017) Pregnancy incidence and outcomes in women with perinatal HIV infection. AIDS 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001552 . (In press).
http://ift.tt/2sBQhak
Cultivating human beings, not human dongs: Challenging discources of self care
Little, J. Nicole; (2016) Cultivating human beings, not human dongs: Challenging discources of self care. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 124-138. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.09 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tlfN0v
Children with speech and language communication needs in England: Challenges for practice
Dockrell, J; Leung, D; Fugard, A; Howell, P; (2017) Children with speech and language communication needs in England: Challenges for practice. Frontiers in Education 10.3389/feduc.2017.00035 . (In press).
http://ift.tt/2sBhAlj
Mind sets and IFL: texts and tasks. A theoretical model acting as a link between Italian language acquisition, cultural categories and literary texts
Tamponi, AR; (2006) Mind sets and IFL: texts and tasks. A theoretical model acting as a link between Italian language acquisition, cultural categories and literary texts. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tlm10q
Preparation of Nano- and Microstructures For Drug Delivery
Ahmad, Z; Edirisinghe, M; (2017) Preparation of Nano- and Microstructures For Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech , 18 (5) p. 1427. 10.1208/s12249-017-0807-0 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sChBW5
Do you love me? An empirical analysis of the feeling of love amongst children in out-of-home care
Lausten, Mette; Frederiksen, Signe; (2016) Do you love me? An empirical analysis of the feeling of love amongst children in out-of-home care. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 90-103. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.07 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tlrGnn
The BLUEDISK survey: molecular gas distribution and scaling relations in the context of galaxy evolution
Cormier, D; Bigiel, F; Wang, J; Pety, J; Usero, A; Roychowdhury, S; Carton, D; Cormier, D; Bigiel, F; Wang, J; Pety, J; Usero, A; Roychowdhury, S; Carton, D; van der Hulst, JM; Jozsa, GIG; Gonzalez-Garcia, M; Saintonge, A; - view fewer (2016) The BLUEDISK survey: molecular gas distribution and scaling relations in the context of galaxy evolution. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society , 463 (2) pp. 1724-1739. 10.1093/mnras/stw2097 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sC2KL3
Fostering Restoration The impact of love and second families in residential care
Jones, Rachel L.; (2016) Fostering Restoration The impact of love and second families in residential care. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 145-151. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.11 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tHZ0Hr
Barnes, M., Brannelly, T., Ward, L., Ward, N. (2015). Ethics of care: Critical advances in international perspectives. Policy Press. 286pp, ISBN – 978-1-44731-654-1.
Ingram, Richard; (2016) Barnes, M., Brannelly, T., Ward, L., Ward, N. (2015). Ethics of care: Critical advances in international perspectives. Policy Press. 286pp, ISBN – 978-1-44731-654-1. [Review]. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 184-185. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.18 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2uFLFwB
Fenton, M. (2015). Social care and child welfare in Ireland: Integrating residential care, leaving care and aftercare. The Liffey Press, ISBN 978-1-908308-74-0.
Garat, Thom; (2016) Fenton, M. (2015). Social care and child welfare in Ireland: Integrating residential care, leaving care and aftercare. The Liffey Press, ISBN 978-1-908308-74-0. [Review]. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 178-179. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.16 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tHKgbi
More than just a bracelet: the use of material symbolism to communicate love
Emond, Ruth; (2016) More than just a bracelet: the use of material symbolism to communicate love. International Journal of Social Pedagogy , 15 (3) pp. 34-50. 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.04 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tlGW3L
Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 correlation with p21 expression and inverse association with tumor size in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6), a surrogate marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, and p21 in a series of 125 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).
Methods
Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to ascertain the phosphorylation status of p-S6 at Ser235/236 and Ser240/244, p21, and p53 protein expression.
Results
Expression of phosphorylated S6 protein on either serine 235/236 or serine 240/244 was detected in 83% and 88% tumors, respectively, and both of them were inversely and significantly correlated with the tumor size and local infiltration. Positive p21 expression was found in 91.5% of the cases, and was inversely correlated with tumor size. In OSCC, p21 expression correlates with p-S6 levels, a surrogate marker of mTOR activation, independently of p53 status.
Conclusion
Expression of both p21 and p-S6 was found to inversely associate with tumor size but not survival outcomes in patients with OSCC.
http://ift.tt/2tEzMtL
Osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap in nonmandible head and neck reconstruction
Abstract
Background
The osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a versatile flap primarily used to reconstruct composite defects involving the mandible. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience with this flap for nonmandible reconstruction.
Methods
All patients undergoing nonmandible osseous reconstruction with free-tissue transfer were reviewed. Patients with osteocutaneous RFFF reconstructions were evaluated. The retrospective review of all osteocutaneous RFFFs was performed from 1998 to 2014.
Results
One hundred forty-two nonmandible osseous reconstructions were performed. Twenty-five patients underwent nonmandible osteocutaneous RFFF reconstruction. Eleven patients failed previous nonmicrovascular reconstruction. Reconstruction was for defects of the: palatomaxillary complex (n = 15), orbitomaxillary complex (n = 4), nasomaxillary complex (n = 4), larynx (n = 1), and clavicle (n = 1). There were no flap compromises. Postoperative complications included: 2 partial intraoral dehiscences; 1 recipient-site infection; and 1 seroma. Eight reconstructions required secondary procedures to improve functional and/or cosmetic outcomes.
Conclusion
The osteocutaneous RFFF is a robust flap that can be used to reconstruct composite defects involving bone and soft-tissue beyond the mandible.
http://ift.tt/2slMlq6
Novel approach to maxillary reconstruction using osteocutaneous free tissue transfer with a customized stent
Abstract
Background
Computer-guided 3D virtual planning and customized templates are novel and effective methods aiding maxillary reconstruction, particularly during osteocutaneous free tissue transfer of complex defects. However, virtual planning and modelling is often expensive.
Methods
We present a new method to reconstruct complex defects with a surgical stent designed from presurgical casts. We present 2 patients who underwent this technique. Reconstruction in both cases was aided by a surgical stent fashioned preoperatively to approximate the anatomic dimensions of the defect, guiding the shape and orientation of the flap during inset to aid in dental rehabilitation.
Results
Surgery was performed without evidence of malocclusion, oronasal separation, or osteoradionecrosis with both patients undergoing successful rehabilitation and showing good postoperative oral intake.
Conclusion
Utilization of our novel surgical stent allowed reconstruction of complex maxillectomy defects and facilitated the design of a reconstructive flap without the need of pre-bent plates, cutting guides, or associated expenses.
http://ift.tt/2tEr4eV
Baroreceptor reflex failure: Review of the literature and the potential impact on patients with head and neck cancer
Abstract
Background
Baroreceptor dysfunction and reflex failure may occur after surgery affecting the carotid artery. The implications for patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer are not well described.
Methods
A literature search of PubMed was performed between March 2016 and May 2016. Search terms used individually and in combination included: "baroreflex failure," "carotid sinus sensitivity," "carotid endarterectomy," "carotid body tumor," and "head and neck cancer." Bibliographies of included articles were also reviewed for additional pertinent articles.
Results
There is evidence of baroreceptor failure in certain patients after interventions associated with the carotid artery, including carotid endarterectomy and carotid body tumor excision. Few studies have been performed investigating the potential effect of head and neck surgery treatment, including surgery and/or radiation, on baroreflex function.
Conclusion
Head and neck cancer treatment has the potential to cause baroreflex failure, and this is likely an underrecognized and underdiagnosed condition.
http://ift.tt/2sm1Y0P
Assessing the natural durability for different tropical timber species using the mini-block test
The Xylarium in the Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA, Tervuren, Belgium) contains over 60,000 wood-samples, comprising over 12,000 species. These samples are of great historical and scientific value yet have a random format, which complicates standard testing. The wood-durability against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor was tested for 36 species. Due to the random sample sizes the standardised test for testing durability related to basidiomycetes CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005) was not applicable as such. Instead, the mini-block test, as proposed by Bravery (1978) was used. The similarity between the standard test and the mini-block test will be assessed for 13 reference species. Virulence check for both test fungi was performed using beech, Fagus sylvatica L. For both Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor a standard durability only allowed standard classification according to durability class DC 2 when referring to the criteria set in EN 350 (2016), showing that the fungal growth was not optimal. There appears to be no direct link between the mass loss of the tested species using the criteria and the durability class listed in EN 350 (2016). Prior to fungal testing the same samples were also chemically analysed, by DART TOFMS to check potential correlation between ion-intensity and mass loss. Several ions which are linked to certain compounds or metabolites, appear to play an important role in explaining the variability in mass loss between samples.
http://ift.tt/2sBmGOd
Holz ist nicht gleich holz - Interview on German Public Radio concerning timber species identification using mass spectrometry.
See URL -> 14:15 to 19:00.
http://ift.tt/2tlykdm
Fertilitätserhalt bei onkologischen Patientinnen
Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund der stetigen Optimierung von Chemo- und Strahlentherapien verbesserte sich die Überlebensrate bei Karzinomerkrankungen signifikant. Die onkologischen Behandlungen können Eierstock- und Hodengewebe dauerhaft schädigen. Dies belastet die Betroffenen und deren Partner zusätzlich. Eine zeitnahe, umfassende Aufklärung über Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei drohendem Fertilitätsverlust ist deshalb von immenser Bedeutung. Neben der Kryokonservierung von Spermien und Hodengewebe beim Mann sind auch eine Kryokonservierung von Eierstockgewebe, befruchteten und unbefruchteten Eizellen nach ovarieller Stimulation neben einer Transposition der Ovarien vor Radiatio möglich. Eine protektive, hormonelle Therapie bei Frauen wird weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert. Das Netzwerk FertiPROTEKT wurde 2006 mit dem Ziel einer Bündelung der Expertise von Onkologen und Reproduktionsmedizinern, dem Aufbau einer flächendeckenden Versorgungsstruktur und der wissenschaftlichen Datenerfassung gegründet.
http://ift.tt/2tchTld
Restoring jawline contour with calcium hydroxylapatite: A prospective, observational study
Summary
Background
Jawline reshaping by replacing volume has become an indispensable component of modern facial rejuvenation.
Aim
To evaluate calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) for the treatment of an aging jawline in a routine setting.
Methods
Five investigators enrolled 35 subjects requesting jawline rejuvenation with CaHA. Injections were performed according to investigators usual practice. Baseline and post-treatment scores were evaluated using Merz Aesthetics Scales®. Follow-up visits took place at Day 30 (Day 60 for those with touch-up at Day 30), 180, and 360. Physician and patient satisfaction, esthetic impact of treatment, and adverse events were recorded.
Results
Improvements in jawline contour compared with baseline were statistically significant at each visit, with scores of 2.42 (moderate to severe sagging) at baseline, 1.02 (mild) at Day 30/60 (P≤.0001), 1.11 at Day 180 (P≤.0001), and 1.45 at Day 360 (P=.0015). Statistically significant improvements in marionette line scores were also observed. Investigators rated results as "improved" to "very much improved" in all subjects up to Day 180, and in 81% of subjects at Day 360. Satisfaction with treatment was very high. Adverse events were mostly mild and related to either the procedure or injection technique.
Conclusion
CaHA is a very effective agent for restoring jawline contour in routine practice and is associated with high levels of physician and patient satisfaction.
http://ift.tt/2tLXaWC
Gefährliche Kosmetikprodukte in Deutschland
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kosmetische Produkte unterliegen der europäischen Kosmetikverordnung. Danach dürfen sie bei Anwendung unter „normalen oder vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Bedingungen" die menschliche Gesundheit nicht schädigen. Gefährliche kosmetische Produkte werden von den EU-Mitgliedstaaten an die Europäische Kommission gemeldet und in der Datenbank des europäischen Schnellwarnsystems RAPEX gelistet.
Material und Methoden
Die Meldungen aus Deutschland über gefährliche Kosmetikprodukte aus den Jahren 2005 bis 3/2017 in der europäischen RAPEX-Datenbank wurden systematisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse
Im genannten Zeitraum wurden aus Deutschland 157 gefährliche Kosmetikprodukte gemeldet. Die häufigsten Produktkategorien waren Bleichcremes (24,2 %) wegen des Gehalts an Hydrochinon, Quecksilber oder Glukokortikosteroiden, Cremes/Lotionen/Gele (10,8 %) überwiegend wegen mikrobiologischer Kontaminationen, Hennaprodukte (10,2 %) wegen sensibilisierender Konzentrationen von Paraphenylendiamin und Nagelklebstoffe (8,9 %) wegen hoher Gehalte an Methylmethacrylat.
Diskussion
Gefährliche Kosmetikprodukte scheinen angesichts des hohen Marktvolumens von Kosmetika selten zu sein, auch wenn die Gesamtzahl der den Meldungen zugrunde liegenden behördlichen Untersuchungen nicht bekannt ist. Dermatologen sollten bei einem Verdacht auf Gesundheitsschädigungen durch Kosmetikprodukte die zuständigen Überwachungsbehörden informieren, damit die Produkte untersucht und ggf. vom Markt genommen werden können.
http://ift.tt/2sHxc1A
Het arbeidsreglement : een anomalie?
In deze bijdrage onderzoekt de auteur op een haast anekdotische wijze een aantal knelpunten i.v.m. het arbeidsreglement. Zo staat hij o.a. stil bij de vraag in hoeverre een werkgever de arbeidsovereenkomst van een werknemer om disciplinaire redenen mag schorsen. Hij is er niet zeker van dat het arbeidsreglement in zijn huidige vorm nog een plaats heeft in de relatie werkgever-werknemer. Daarom breekt hij een lans voor een arbeidsreglement 2.0. Hierbij zou de wetgever zich kunnen laten inspireren door het 'personeelshandboek' dat in Nederland ingang heeft gevonden.
http://ift.tt/2uF0MX0
De impact van politiek op het werkingssaldo van Vlaamse gemeenten
Dit onderzoek gaat na in welke mate politieke kenmerken van Vlaamse lokale besturen een impact hebben op hun werkingssaldo in de periode 1995-2011. Het werkingssaldo wordt berekend als het verschil tussen de gewone ontvangsten en gewone uitgaven van een lokaal bestuur en geeft het resultaat weer dat volgt uit de gewone werking. Ondanks het feit dat alle lokale overheden binnen dezelfde economische en financiële omgeving handelen, zijn er toch grote verschillen in de omvang van hun werkingssaldo. Dit onderzoek heeft tot doel om deze verschillen te verklaren aan de hand van politieke variabelen, aangevuld met economische en socio-demografische variabelen als controlevariabelen. Betreffende de politieke factoren worden vier hypothesen onderzocht: (i) Linkse besturen laten een lager saldo optekenen dan rechtse besturen; (ii) Meer gefragmenteerde besturen hebben een lager saldo dan minder gefragmenteerde besturen; (iii) Lokale besturen met een hogere electorale marge hebben een hoger saldo dan besturen met een lagere electorale marge; en (iv) In de aanloop naar de verkiezingen is het saldo lager dan in andere jaren van de legislatuur. Voor het eerst wordt het werkingssaldo van Vlaamse lokale besturen voor een ruime periode verklaard. We analyseren en verklaren rekeningcijfers van alle 308 Vlaamse lokale besturen longitudinaal en hanteren daarvoor een paneldataschatting die 17 jaar beslaat, waarbinnen 3 legislaturen vallen.
http://ift.tt/2uFujzO
Travel guides and travelogues as sources to examine the collector’s role in art and heritage preservation : the case of Belgium (ca. 1780-1914)
During the long nineteenth century Belgium was home to a remarkably large number of private art and antiques collections. Many of those were visited by an interested local and international public and were popular topics in contemporary travel literature. Based on an in-depth examination of historical travel guides and travelogues, this contribution aims to further our understanding of the nineteenth-century private collector. Which information did this group of sources provide about the character of Belgium's foremost artistic centers Brussels, Antwerp and Ghent as places of private collecting, and about the individual practices of local collectors on a micro-level? How did the description of the collectors, of their number, focus and motivations, as well as of the function and importance of their collections evolve over the course of the century? In answering these questions, this contribution aspires to shed light on how the specific role of the private collector was assessed within the urban art and antiquarian circles in nineteenth-century Belgium.
http://ift.tt/2tHkFiX
Necrotrophic growth of periodontopathogens is a novel virulence factor in oral biofilms
The oral use of antimicrobial agents embedded in toothpastes and mouth rinses results in an oral microbial massacre with high amounts of dead bacteria in close proximity to few surviving bacteria. It was hypothesized that this provides the surviving pathogenic bacteria a large amount of dead microbial biomass as a nutritional source for growth (necrotrophy). This study demonstrated the necrotrophic growth of periodontal pathogens in the presence of different dead oral species. In addition, the presence of dead bacteria resulted in an outgrowth of several periodontal pathogens in complex multispecies biofilms. Additionally, upon contact with dead oral bacteria, virulence genes of P. intermedia and P. gingivalis were up-regulated (necrovirulence). This resulted in a more pronounced epithelial cytotoxicity (necrotoxicity). These findings indicate that presence of dead bacteria induce necrotrophy, necrovirulence and necrotoxicity in several oral pathogens.
http://ift.tt/2uFqo61
La Revue des marraines (1916–17): A Journal for War Godmothers and their Godchildren
This article is situated at the crossroads of First World War and periodical studies. It sheds light on the phenomenon of 'war godmothers' ['marraines'], women who supported soldiers at the front by sending them parcels and letters. The so-called godmothers made use of the mainstream press to advertise their services, and founded periodicals of their own. In this article, we examine the representation of war godmothers in the periodical press and uncover La Revue des marraines, a handwritten journal created by the Melles Picard in Paris. The analysis addresses the little-known phenomenon of the war godmothers, the relation between godmother and godson, and changing gender roles. It further questions the importance of handwritten journals during the war, when paper and other means were scarce.
http://ift.tt/2uFwNOK
Public Health Impact of Congenital Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus Infection in Belgium, 2013: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis
Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) may cause significant morbidity and even fetal or neonatal mortality. We aimed to quantify the disease burden of CT and cCMV in Belgium in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and identify data gaps. The public health impact of CT and cCMV in Belgium in 2013 was 188 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 43–419) and 1976 (95% UI, 757–4067) DALYs, respectively. The major data gaps identified were representative Belgian studies; information on important sequelae, intrauterine mortality, and termination of pregnancy; and late onset sequelae. A scenario analysis showed important increases in years of life lost when the burden due to fetal losses was included and decreases in DALYs when comprehensive CT prevention measures were conducted. Addressing the key data gaps identified may allow generation of the data needed to break the vicious circle of underrecognition.
http://ift.tt/2tHdKpN
Anode potential influences the structure and function of anodic electrode and electrolyte-associated microbiomes
Three bioelectrochemical systems were operated with set anode potentials of +300 mV, +550 mV and +800 mV vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) to test the hypothesis that anode potential influences microbial diversity and is positively associated with microbial biomass and activity. Bacterial and archaeal diversity was characterized using 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and biofilm thickness was measured as a proxy for biomass. Current production and substrate utilization patterns were used as measures of microbial activity and the mid-point potentials of putative terminal oxidases were assessed using cyclic voltammetry. All measurements were performed after 4, 16, 23, 30 and 38 days. Microbial biomass and activity differed significantly between anode potentials and were lower at the highest potential. Anodic electrode and electrolyte associated community composition was also significantly influenced by anode potential. While biofilms at +800 mV were thinner, transferred less charge and oxidized less substrate than those at lower potentials, they were also associated with putative terminal oxidases with higher mid-point potentials and generated more biomass per unit charge. This indicates that microbes at +800 mV were unable to capitalize on the potential for additional energy gain due to a lack of adaptive traits to high potential solid electron acceptors and/or sensitivity to oxidative stress.
http://ift.tt/2tHx2vr
Ultra-short-course booster is effective in recurrent grass pollen–induced allergic rhinitis
Abstract
Background
A relevant proportion of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients experience recurrent symptoms after successfully completing allergen immunotherapy (AIT). This prospective, controlled, non-interventional study used internationally standardised instruments to determine the clinical effects of a preseasonal, ultra-short-course booster AIT on clinical outcome parameters.
Methods
This two-arm study included patients aged ≥12 years with recurrent grass pollen–induced seasonal AR who had completed a successful course of any grass pollen AIT at least five years before enrolment. Overall, 56 patients received one preseasonal short-course booster AIT using tyrosine-absorbed grass pollen allergoids containing the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®); 51 control patients received symptomatic medication. The combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) was recorded in the (peak) grass pollen season. Furthermore, concomitant (antiallergic) medication use, the patients'state of health, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) results, and safety/tolerability of the treatment were assessed.
Results
The CSMS in the peak grass pollen season was significantly lower in the booster AIT group (Δ=38.4%, P<0.01). Moreover, significantly more patients in this group used no concomitant antiallergic medication throughout the peak grass pollen season. Twice as many patients in the booster AIT group as in the control group reported having a better state of health than in the preceding season. RQLQ results showed significant differences favouring the booster AIT. The booster AIT was generally well tolerated, with only 2 patients reporting mild, grade 1 systemic adverse events.
Conclusion
Booster AIT using tyrosine-absorbed allergoids containing the adjuvant MPL® effectively prevents re-occurrence of symptoms in patients with grass pollen–induced AR.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tkKenv
Feasibility of Protective Ventilation During Elective Supratentorial Neurosurgery: A Randomized, Crossover, Clinical Trial.
http://ift.tt/2ukPPL0
Hemangiopericytoma of the thoracic spine: a case report
http://ift.tt/2tLfpeX
Pilomatrixoma located on the cruris: an uncommon localization
http://ift.tt/2tLsuop
Vacuum-assisted closure therapy after resection of giant basal cell carcinoma of the scalp
http://ift.tt/2tLCb6y
Thyroid Disorders in Central Ghana: The Influence of 20 Years of Iodization
Background. Ghana began mandatory iodization of salt in 1996. This study compares the prevalence of thyroid disorders before and after the introduction of iodization. Methods. This is a retrospective study of thyroid cases from the middle belt of Ghana between 1982 and 2014. To demonstrate a link between iodization and hyperthyroidism and autoimmunity, we compared the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disorders before and after the iodization programme. Results. A total of 10,484 (7548 females, 2936 males) cases were recorded. The rate of thyroid cases seen was 343/100,000. Nontoxic nodular goiters (25.7%) and toxic nodular goiters (22.5%) represented the second commonest thyroid disorders recorded. The prevalence of hyperthyroid disorders seen after 1996 was significantly higher than the prevalence seen before the iodization (40.0 versus 21.1%, ). The prevalence of autoimmune disorders recorded after iodization was significantly higher than that before the iodization programme started (22.3% versus 9.6%, ). Conclusions. This study has revealed a significant increase in thyroid admissions in Central Ghana over the decades. A connection between iodine fortification and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and between iodine fortification and autoimmune thyroiditis has been shown in this study.
http://ift.tt/2uEZPht
Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gut
Ricciardelli, I; (2008) Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gut. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tEcOTs
Material moralities: Crafts, networks and family cosmology in Central Slovakia
Makovicky, NM; (2007) Material moralities: Crafts, networks and family cosmology in Central Slovakia. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).
http://ift.tt/2sl9HfD
Recurrent brain ischaemia and deep vein thrombosis: the clot thickens
Turner, D; Scully, M; Stone, S; Werring, DJ; (2017) Recurrent brain ischaemia and deep vein thrombosis: the clot thickens. Practical Neurology 10.1136/practneurol-2016-001581 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tEqApm
The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study
Skrobot, OA; Love, S; Kehoe, PG; O'Brien, J; Black, S; Chen, C; DeCarli, C; Skrobot, OA; Love, S; Kehoe, PG; O'Brien, J; Black, S; Chen, C; DeCarli, C; Erkinjuntti, T; Ford, GA; Kalaria, RN; Pantoni, L; Pasquier, F; Roman, GC; Wallin, A; Sachdev, P; Sachdev, P; Skoog, I; Ben-Shlomo, Y; Passmore, AP; Engelborghs, S; Lafosse, C; Bertolucci, PH; Brucki, S; Caramelli, P; de Toledo Ferraz Alves, TC; Bocti, C; Fulop, T; Hogan, DB; Hsiung, GR; Kirk, A; Leach, L; Robillard, A; Sahlas, DJ; Guo, Q; Tian, J; Hokkanen, L; Jokinen, H; Benisty, S; Deramecourt, V; Hauw, J; Lenoir, H; Tsatali, M; Tsolaki, M; Sundar, U; Coen, RF; Korczyn, AD; Altieri, M; Baldereschi, M; Caltagirone, C; Caravaglios, G; Di Carlo, A; DI Piero, V; Gainotti, G; Galluzzi, S; Logroscino, G; Mecocci, P; Moretti, DV; Padovani, A; Fukui, T; Ihara, M; Mizuno, T; Kim, SY; Akinyemi, R; Baiyewu, O; Ogunniyi, A; Szczudlik, A; Bastos-Leite, AJ; Firmino, H; Massano, J; Verdelho, A; Kruglov, LS; Ikram, MK; Kandiah, N; Arana, E; Barroso-Ribal, J; Calatayud, T; Cruz-Jentoft, AJ; López-Pousa, S; Martinez-Lage, P; Mataro, M; Börjesson-Hanson, A; Englund, E; Laukka, EJ; Qiu, C; Viitanen, M; Biessels, GJ; de Leeuw, FE; den Heijer, T; Exalto, LG; Kappelle, LJ; Prins, ND; Richard, E; Schmand, B; van den Berg, E; van der Flier, WM; - view fewer (2017) The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study. Alzheimer's and Dementia , 13 (6) pp. 624-633. 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.10.007 .
http://ift.tt/2skXDuB