In Borneo, an island shared by Indonesia and Malaysia, some of the world's oldest tropical forests are being cut down and replaced with oil palm plantations at a breakneck pace. Wiping forests high in biodiversity off the land for monoculture plantations causes numerous environmental problems, f...
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Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τρίτη 1 Μαρτίου 2016
How Forest Loss Is Leading To a Rise in Human Disease
Scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minor and moderate head trauma in children
BMC Medicine
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Diabetes mellitus does not affect the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery; A nested case-control study
Journal of Nephrology
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Body temperature mapping in critically ill newborn infants nursed under radiant warmers during intensive care
Journal of Perinatology
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Ba3FeS4Br: A 0D Iron-Based Chalcohalide with Unusual Magnetic Properties
Abstract
A new 0D iron-based magnetic chalcohalide, Ba3FeS4Br, has been prepared by the spontaneous crystallization method. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma. Interestingly, the structure contains a Ba–Br reticulate structure in which isolated FeS4 tetrahedra are located. Its band gap was experimentally determined to be 1.65 eV. Despite the large separation between the Fe atoms, with the shortest distance being more than 6.33(2) Å, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and field-dependent magnetization measurements on Ba3FeS4Br unexpectedly showed an antiferromagnetic phase transition at 85 K, which may be due to the antiferromagnetic super exchange of Fe3+ spins.
Ba3FeS4Br features discrete covalent FeS4 tetrahedra located within the ionic Ba–Br framework. Despite the large separation between the Fe atoms, with the shortest distance being more than 6.33(2) Å, Ba3FeS4Br unexpectedly exhibits an antiferromagnetic phase transition at 85 K, which may due to the antiferromagnetic super–super exchange of Fe3+ spins.
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An Intelligent Ensemble Neural Network Model for Wind Speed Prediction in Renewable Energy Systems
Various criteria are proposed to select the number of hidden neurons in artificial neural network (ANN) models and based on the criterion evolved an intelligent ensemble neural network model is proposed to predict wind speed in renewable energy applications. The intelligent ensemble neural model based wind speed forecasting is designed by averaging the forecasted values from multiple neural network models which includes multilayer perceptron (MLP), multilayer adaptive linear neuron (Madaline), back propagation neural network (BPN), and probabilistic neural network (PNN) so as to obtain better accuracy in wind speed prediction with minimum error. The random selection of hidden neurons numbers in artificial neural network results in overfitting or underfitting problem. This paper aims to avoid the occurrence of overfitting and underfitting problems. The selection of number of hidden neurons is done in this paper employing 102 criteria; these evolved criteria are verified by the computed various error values. The proposed criteria for fixing hidden neurons are validated employing the convergence theorem. The proposed intelligent ensemble neural model is applied for wind speed prediction application considering the real time wind data collected from the nearby locations. The obtained simulation results substantiate that the proposed ensemble model reduces the error value to minimum and enhances the accuracy. The computed results prove the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble neural network (ENN) model with respect to the considered error factors in comparison with that of the earlier models available in the literature.
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Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Glycofused Tricyclic Derivatives of Amyloid β-Peptide Ligands
Abstract
Fluorescent glycofused tricyclic compounds were synthesized through the domino conjugate oxa-Michael addition/aldol condensation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes with protected 3-oxoglucal by exploiting activation with an organocatalyst. Stereoselectivity was obtained by using (R)-(+)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol trimethylsilyl ether as the catalyst. All synthesized compounds presented good optical properties. All compounds were able to bind to synthetic amyloid β 1–42 peptide aggregates and to label amyloid plaques from brain sections of transgenic mice affected with Alzheimer's disease with staining properties comparable to thioflavin T.
We synthesize new fluorescent glycofused tricyclic compounds able to bind to synthetic amyloid β 1–42 peptide aggregates and to label amyloid plaques in brain-tissue samples from transgenic mice affected with Alzheimer's disease.
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The influence of three different apical implant designs at stability and osseointegration process: experimental study in rabbits
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to perform a histomorphometric and biomechanical comparison of three implants with different designs of the apical area to promote a better bone initial stability and its correlation with the osseointegration.
Material and methods
Fifty-four tapered implants with same length, diameter and surface properties but with three different apical configurations (Group I: MK4: Group II: C1 and Group III: MK7) were inserted in the tibia of rabbits. Implant stability and bone formation were evaluated by resonance frequency analysis measured at 0, 6, 8 and 12 weeks and by histomorphometric analysis performed at 6, 8 and 12 weeks.
Results
Statistical test to compare the stability through the implant stability quotient in the four times showed few differences between the groups and time periods proposed, with significance set at P < 0.05. In the bone–implant contact, by comparing the groups in the three times proposed, it was possible concluded that there is a similar behavior among the three implant design (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
With the limitations of this animal study, it can be concluded that the design of the apical area influences the implant stability and the bone-to-implant contact.
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Matrix metalloproteinase-10 is a target of T and B cell responses that correlate with synovial pathology in patients with antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis
Publication date: Available online 26 February 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Jameson T. Crowley, Klemen Strle, Elise E. Drouin, Annalisa Pianta, Sheila L. Arvikar, Qi Wang, Catherine E. Costello, Allen C. Steere
Infection-induced autoimmunity is thought to be a contributing factor in antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis, but studies of autoimmunity have been hindered by difficulty in identifying relevant autoantigens. We developed a novel approach that begins with the identification of T cell epitopes in synovial tissue using tandem mass spectrometry. Herein, we identified an immunogenic HLA-DR-presented peptide (T cell epitope) derived from the source protein matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) from the synovium of a patient with antibiotic-refractory arthritis. This finding provided a bridge for the identification of autoantibody responses to MMP-10, the "first autoimmune hit" in a subgroup of patients with erythema migrans, the initial skin lesion of the infection. Months later, after priming of the immune response to MMP-10 in early infection, a subset of patients with antibiotic-responsive or antibiotic-refractory arthritis had MMP-10 autoantibodies, but only patients with antibiotic-refractory arthritis had both T and B cell responses to the protein, providing evidence for a "second autoimmune hit". Further support for a biologically relevant autoimmune event was observed by the positive correlation of anti-MMP-10 autoantibodies with distinct synovial pathology. This experience demonstrates the power of new, discovery-based methods to identify relevant autoimmune responses in chronic inflammatory forms of arthritis.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) potentiates autoimmune hepatitis in the CYP2D6 mouse model
Publication date: Available online 26 February 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Peter Müller, Marie Messmer, Monika Bayer, Josef M. Pfeilschifter, Edith Hintermann, Urs Christen
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe development non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are increasing worldwide. In particular NASH, which is characterized by an active hepatic inflammation, has often severe consequences including progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we investigated how metabolic liver injury is influencing the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We used the CYP2D6 mouse model in which wild type C57BL/6 mice are infected with an Adenovirus expressing the major liver autoantigen cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). Such mice display several features of human AIH, including interface hepatitis, formation of LKM-1 antibodies and CYP2D6-specific T cells, as well as hepatic fibrosis. NAFLD was induced with a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that pre-existing NAFLD potentiates the severity of AIH. Mice fed for 12 weeks with a HFD displayed increased cellular infiltration of the liver, enhanced hepatic fibrosis and elevated numbers of liver autoantigen-specific T cells. Our data suggest that a pre-existing metabolic liver injury constitutes an additional risk for the severity of an autoimmune condition of the liver, such as AIH.
Graphical abstract
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Immune recognition and response to the intestinal microbiome in type 1 diabetes
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Alexandra Paun, Christopher Yau, Jayne S. Danska
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. During the past 50 years T1D incidence has increased dramatically in many countries accompanied by an earlier age of onset especially in persons with lower genetic risk. These observations have prompted investigations of dynamic environmental factors that may contributor to risk for anti-pancreatic immunity. The gut and pancreas are anatomically and biochemically linked through the enteroinsular axis, a system in which gut-derived immune and metabolic signals have the potential to evoke effects in the pancreas. The gut microbiome (i.e. the 100 trillion symbiotic microorganisms which inhabit the mammalian gastrointestinal tract) influences numerous aspects of host metabolism, development and immunity. Here we examine recent evidence linking gut microbiome composition and function to pancreatic autoimmunity. Studies in children with genetic risk factors for T1D and analyses of the microbiome in rodent models have begun to associations between an altered microbiome composition potentially favoring a pro-inflammatory intestinal metabolic milieu and T1D. We discuss how environmental factors during critical developmental windows – gestation, birth, weaning and puberty may contribute to T1D risk. For example mode of delivery (vaginal or C-section) and exposure to antibiotics (pre- or post-natally) are two factors that modulate the maternal and/or offspring microbiome and can impact T1D development. Taken together, these emerging data underscore the requirement for longitudinal studies and mechanistic investigations in human subjects and rodent models to identify the basis for microbiome modulation of T1D and to identify biomarkers and therapeutics to improve the delayed onset and prevention of the disease.
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Lymphocyte-activation gene 3+ (LAG3+) forkhead box protein 3− (FOXP3−) regulatory T cells induced by B cells alleviates joint inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis
Publication date: Available online 19 February 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Szu-Ying Chen, Wan-Tseng Hsu, Yi-Lien Chen, Chien-Hui Chien, Bor-Luen Chiang
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which dysregulated immune cells primarily target synovial joints. Despite recent advances in the treatment of RA, including the introduction of biologic therapies and employment of combination disease-modifying antirheumatic drug strategies, remission rates remain suboptimal. Previous studies have demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) was effective in treating a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The objective of this study was to develop optimal potential iTreg-based therapy for CIA by adoptively transferring LAG3+ Treg-of-B cells. B-cell-induced Treg-of-B cells expressed LAG3 but not Foxp3 (designated LAG3+ Treg-of-B), and secreted IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. Furthermore, LAG3+ Treg-of-B cells suppressed the proliferation of CD4+CD25− responder T cells through both LAG3 and IL-10 production. In the murine CIA model, adoptive transfer of LAG3+ Treg-of-B cells alleviated the joint severity as well as local and systemic inflammation. Treatment with LAG3+ Treg-of-B cells also promoted IL-10 production in lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and draining lymph nodes. Moreover, mice receiving LAG3+ Treg-of-B cell treatment showed significantly less pronounced osteolysis in the hind footpads, which correlated with the downregulation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression. In conclusion, we identified a novel subset of Tregs for CIA treatment. This insight may facilitate exploring novel regulatory T-cell-based therapies for human autoimmune diseases.
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Refined mapping of autoimmune disease associated genetic variants with gene expression suggests an important role for non-coding RNAs
Publication date: Available online 18 February 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Isis Ricaño-Ponce, Daria V. Zhernakova, Patrick Deelen, Oscar Luo, Xingwang Li, Aaron Isaacs, Juha Karjalainen, Jennifer Di Tommaso, Zuzanna Agnieszka Borek, Maria M. Zorro, Javier Gutierrez-Achury, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Joyce van Meurs, Mihai G. Netea, Iris H. Jonkers, Sebo Withoff, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Yang Li, Yijun Ruan, Lude Franke, Cisca Wijmenga, Vinod Kumar
Genome-wide association and fine-mapping studies in 14 autoimmune diseases (AID) have implicated more than 250 loci in one or more of these diseases. As more than 90% of AID-associated SNPs are intergenic or intronic, pinpointing the causal genes is challenging. We performed a systematic analysis to link 460 SNPs that are associated with 14 AID to causal genes using transcriptomic data from 629 blood samples. We were able to link 71 (39%) of the AID-SNPs to two or more nearby genes, providing evidence that for part of the AID loci multiple causal genes exist. While 54 of the AID loci are shared by one or more AID, 17% of them do not share candidate causal genes. In addition to finding novel genes such as ULK3, we also implicate novel disease mechanisms and pathways like autophagy in celiac disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, 42 of the AID SNPs specifically affected the expression of 53 non-coding RNA genes. To further understand how the non-coding genome contributes to AID, the SNPs were linked to functional regulatory elements, which suggest a model where AID genes are regulated by network of chromatin looping/non-coding RNAs interactions. The looping model also explains how a causal candidate gene is not necessarily the gene closest to the AID SNP, which was the case in nearly 50% of cases.
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The Zika outbreak of the 21st century
Publication date: Available online 28 February 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Christopher Chang, Kristina Ortiz, Aftab Ansari, M. Eric Gershwin
The Zika virus outbreak has captivated the attention of the global audience and information has spread rapidly and wildly through the internet and other media channels. This virus was first identified in 1947, when it was isolated from a sentinel rhesus monkey placed by British scientists working at the Yellow Fever Research Laboratory located in the Zika forest area of Uganda, hence its name, and is transmitted primarily by the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. The fact that the rhesus macaque is an Asian species being placed in an African forest brings to mind the possibility of rapid adaptation of the virus from an African to Asian species, an issue that has not been considered. Whether such adaptation has played any role in acquiring pathogenicity due to cross species transmission remains to be identified. The first human infection was described in Nigeria in 1954, with only scattered reports of about a dozen human infections identified over a 50-year period. It was not until 2007 that Zika virus raised its ugly head with infections noted in three-quarters of the population on the tiny island of Yap located between the Philippines and Papua New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, followed by a major outbreak in French Polynesia in 2013. The virus remained confined to a narrow equatorial band in Africa and Asia until 2014 when it began to spread eastward, first toward Oceania and then to South America. Since then, millions of infected individuals have been identified in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, including 25 additional countries in the Americas. While the symptoms associated with Zika virus infection are generally mild, consisting of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia and conjunctivitis, there have been reports of more severe reactions that are associated with neurological complications. In pregnant women, fetal neurological complications include brain damage and microcephaly, while in adults there have been several cases of virus-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome. The virus was until recently believed to only be transmitted via mosquitoes. But when the Zika virus was isolated from the semen specimens from a patient in Texas, this provided the basis for the recent report of possible sexual transmission of the Zika virus. Due to the neurological complications, various vectors for infection as well as the rapid spread throughout the globe, it has prompted the World Health Organization to issue a global health emergency. Various governmental organizations have recommended that pregnant women do not travel to countries where the virus is epidemic, and within the countries affected by the virus, recommendations were provided for women of childbearing age to delay pregnancy. The overall public health impact of these above findings highlights the need for a rapid but specific diagnostic test for blood banks worldwide to identify those infected and for the counseling of women who are pregnant or contemplating pregnancy. As of this date, there are neither commercially licensed diagnostic tests nor a vaccine. Because cross-reactivity of the Zika virus with dengue and Chikungunya virus is common, it may pose difficulty in being able to quickly develop such tests and vaccines. So far the most effective public health measures include controlling the mosquito populations via insecticides and preventing humans from direct exposure to mosquitoes.
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Functionalized metal-organic-framework CMPO@MIL-101(Cr) as a stable and selective rare earth adsorbent
In this contribution we report the innovative use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), more specifically MIL-101(Cr), as a novel stable supporting material for rare earth adsorption from aqueous environment. The mesoporous MIL-101 was covalently functionalized with chelating carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide-type ligands (CMPO) via a three-step procedure, yielding 0.5 ± 0.15 mmol of active groups per gram. These new materials were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), infrared spectrometry (DRIFTS), N2- sorption measurements, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and elemental analysis (CHNS), which confirm the successful anchoring of the CMPO ligands and the preservation of the porous structure. The stability of the material after contact with the acidic solutions used in adsorption tests was determined as well (XRD, XRF) and it was found that the functionalized MOF perfectly survives the applied conditions with full preservation of the structure and minimal ligand leaching (B5 %). The adsorption performance of the functionalized MOF was investigated through a europium equilibrium study and selectivity tests with elements (Eu, Y, and Zn) which are commonly found in end-of-life products, such as fluorescent lamps, color TVs, and PC monitors. The europium adsorption isotherm shows good correlation (R2[95 %) to the Langmuir model, which suggests a calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 12.5 mg Eu/g. Moreover, selectivity results show a considerable affinity for europium over yttrium (SFEu/Y 3.2) and a high affinity over zinc (SFEu/Zn 8.5), which is promising for urban mining applications.
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Post-peak ICT: graceful degradation for communication networks in an energy constrained future
In recent years, rising energy prices and increasing environmental concerns have boosted research in the so called green ICT and green networking research tracks, aimed at improving the energy efficiency of communications while still offering maximal functionality. In this article we explore a future scenario in which low power networking is no longer optional, but instead becomes a necessity due to fluctuating energy availability. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, we argue why a so called post-peak future scenario, in which we can no longer rely on fossil fuels as our main resource for electricity production, is not unlikely, and what it might entail. Second, we explore the consequences of such a scenario for ICT: How well can current and future infrastructures cope with temporary energy limitations? As an illustration, we present a case study showing the impact of reduced energy availability on a wireless access network.
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Comparison of two food record-based dietary assessment methods for a pan-European food consumption survey among infants, toddlers, and children using data quality indicators
We aimed (1) to describe and evaluate the "EPIC-Soft DataEntry" application developed as a user-friendly data entry tool for pan-European and national food consumption surveys among infants and children, and (2) to compare two food record-based dietary assessment methods in terms of food description and quantification using data quality indicators. EPIC-Soft DataEntry was used for both methods. Two pilot studies were performed in both Belgium and Czech Republic in a total of 376 children (3 months to 10 year olds): one using a consecutive 3-day food diary; and the second with two non-consecutive 1-day food diaries with data entry during a completion interview. The collected dietary data were compared between the two dietary assessment methods by country and by age groups: (i) < 1 year; (ii) 1-3 years; (iii) > 3-10 years. Overall, 70 % of the interviewers evaluated the work with EPIC-Soft DataEntry as easy. With both dietary assessment methods, an equally high proportion of specific food names (e.g., "yoghurt, strawberry") were reported, where only between 5 and 15 % of foods were non-specified (e.g., "yoghurt, n.s."). The two 1-day food diaries yielded a higher proportion of foods with detailed description. For example, in the age category of 1-3 year olds in Belgium, for 7 out of 16 systematic questions on food description (e.g., "preservation method,") specific answers were significantly higher (all P < 0.03). The proportion of missing quantities of consumed foods was comparable between the two methods. The EPIC-Soft DataEntry application was positively evaluated by the majority of the interviewers. Two non-consecutive 1-day food diaries with data entry during a completion interview provide a more detailed description of consumed foods as compared with a 3-day food diary.
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A numerical study of ultrafast vector flow imaging in the neonatal heart
Doppler flow imaging for the visualisation of neonatal intraventricular blood flow currently still has inherent limitations: beam-to-flow angle dependency, aliasing and a too low frame rate. Ultrafast imaging and vector flow estimation may resolve these limitations, yet both still require thorough validation for the pediatric cardiac setting. Hence, a computational modelling approach in the neonatal left ventricle was employed to investigate (i) diverging wave emission to acquire images at very high frame rate and (ii) subsequent speckle tracking algorithms for vector flow estimation. Single non-tilted diverging waves with an opening angle of 60° were transmitted, at a pulse repetition frequency of 9 kHz. Speckle tracking on the acquired ultrasound images provided 2D intraventricular flow estimates at a frame rate of 180 Hz for both the apical four chamber and parasternal short axis view, and this over an entire cardiac cycle. Overall, the blood flow was reasonably accurately tracked throughout the cardiac cycle, yet several imaging artefacts were observed. Zones of low flow proved very difficult to track due to clutter filtering issues, while high spatial flow gradients caused strong underestimation of systolic outflow.
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Feasibility of dietary assessment methods, other tools and procedures for a pan-European food consumption survey among infants, toddlers and children
Purpose: To test the feasibility of tools and procedures for a pan-European food consumption survey among children 0-10 years and to recommend one of two tested dietary assessment methods. Methods: Two pilot studies including 378 children were conducted in Belgium and the Czech Republic in the Pilot studies for Assessment of Nutrient intake and food Consumption among Kids in Europe. One protocol included a 3-day food diary which was checked with a parent, and data were entered afterwards using EPIC-Soft. The alternative protocol consisted of two non-consecutive 1-day food diaries followed by EPIC-Soft completion interviews. Both protocols included general and food propensity questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The protocols were compared using evaluation questionnaires among the participating parents and study personnel. Results: The parents found the questionnaires and instructions for filling in the food diaries understandable. Food description and food quantification was evaluated as problematic by 29 and 15 % of the participants for the 3-day diaries versus 15 and 12 % for the 1-day diaries. The protocol with 1-day food diaries was evaluated as less burdensome by the parents and logistically more challenging by the interviewers. Conclusions: Both dietary assessment methods with related tools and administration protocols were evaluated as feasible. The administration protocol with two 1-day food diaries with completion interviews offers more advantages for the future pan-European survey in children 0-10 years. The positive evaluation of feasibility of tools and materials is an important step towards harmonised food consumption data at European level among the younger age groups.
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Associations between macronutrient intake and serum lipid profile depend on body fat in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study
The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between macronutrient intake and serum lipid profile in adolescents from eight European cities participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) cross-sectional study (2006-7), and to assess the role of body fat-related variables in these associations. Weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thicknesses, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol, TAG, apoB and apoA1 were measured in 454 adolescents (44% boys) aged 12.5-17.5 years. Macronutrient intake (g/4180 kJ per d (1000 kcal per d)) was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Associations were evaluated by multi-level analysis and adjusted for sex, age, maternal education, centre, sum of four skinfolds, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary behaviours and diet quality index for adolescents. Carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with HDL-C (beta = -0.189, P<0.001). An inverse association was found between fat intake and TAG (beta = -0.319, P<0.001). Associations between macronutrient intake and serum lipids varied according to adiposity levels, i.e. an inverse association between carbohydrate intake and HDL-C was only observed in those adolescents with a higher waist: height ratio. As serum lipids and excess body fat are the major markers of CVD, these findings should be considered when developing strategies to prevent the risk of CVD among adolescents.
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A Randomized, Noninferiority Trial of Intravenous Iron Isomaltoside versus Oral Iron Sulfate in Patients with Nonmyeloid Malignancies and Anemia Receiving Chemotherapy, the PROFOUND trial
Abstract
Study Objective
A safe alternative to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents to treat anemia is warranted in patients with cancer and anemia; thus, the objective of this trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) iron isomaltoside with oral iron in patients with cancer and anemia by testing noninferiority of IV versus oral iron .
Design
Phase III, prospective, open-label, comparative, randomized, noninferiority, multicenter trial.
Setting
Forty-seven hospitals or private cancer clinics in Asia, United States, and Europe.
Patients
Three hundred fifty patients with cancer and anemia.
Intervention
Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either intravenous iron isomaltoside or oral iron sulfate. Patients in the iron isomaltoside group were then randomized into an infusion subgroup (single intravenous infusions of a maximum dose of 1000 mg over 15 min) or a bolus injection subgroup (bolus injections of 500 mg over 2 min).
Measurements and Main Results
The primary efficacy outcome was change in hemoglobin concentration from baseline to week 4. Changes in other relevant hematology variables, effect on quality of life, and safety outcomes were also assessed. The primary efficacy outcome was tested for noninferiority whereas the remaining outcomes were tested for superiority. Iron isomaltoside was noninferior to oral iron in change in hemoglobin concentration from baseline to week 4 (difference estimate 0.016, 95% confidence interval –0.26–0.29, p<0.001). A faster onset of the hemoglobin response was observed with infusion of iron isomaltoside (superiority test: p=0.03 at week 1), and a sustained effect on hemoglobin level was shown in both the iron isomaltoside and oral iron treatment groups until week 24. A significant mean decrease in fatigue score was observed from baseline to week 12 in the iron isomaltoside group (p<0.001) but not in the oral iron group (p=0.057).. A higher proportion of patients treated with oral iron experienced adverse drug reactions (18.8% vs 6.6%, p<0.001) and discontinued the trial due to intolerance (8.0% vs 0.9%, p=0.001). Transient hypophosphatemia (phosphate level < 2 mg/dL) was reported at similar low frequencies among the groups: 7.1% in the iron isomaltoside infusion subgroup versus 8.5% in the iron isomaltoside bolus injection subgroup versus 5.4% in the oral iron group.
Conclusion
This trial demonstrated comparable sustained increases in hemoglobin concentration over time with both iron isomaltoside and oral iron. Iron isomaltoside was better tolerated than oral iron, and fatigue was significantly decreased with iron isomaltoside. Low rates of clinically insignificant hypophosphatemia were reported in patients receiving both treatments.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Factors associated with masticatory performance among preschool children
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI), food consistency, and oral problems on masticatory performance among preschool children.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample composed of 279 children between 3 and 5 years of age allocated to three groups (underweight, ideal weight, and overweight) based on the BMI. Moreover, eating habits, malocclusion, breathing type, masticatory units, and untreated dental caries were investigated. For the evaluation of masticatory performance, the masticatory function test (Optocal) and Rosin-Rammler equation were used for the determination of median size (X50) of shredded food particles for each child. Data analysis involved the description of the frequency of the variables as well as both simple and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results
A larger median participle size was associated with a greater number of cavitated teeth (p < 0.001), greater frequency of the daily ingestion of liquid foods (p = 0.001), and a higher BMI (p < 0001). A greater number of masticatory units (p < 0.001), older age (p = 0.007), and greater frequency of the daily intake of solid foods (p = 0.019) were factors that contributed to a smaller median food particle size.
Conclusion
BMI, number of cavitated teeth, number of masticatory units, child's age, and food consistency exerted an influence on masticatory performance among preschool children.
Clinical relevance
Mastication is important for craniofacial growth and development. Thus, dentists should know the factors that affect the masticatory performance among children with primary teeth.
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Simultaneous urodynamic and anorectal manometry studies in children: insights into the relationship between the lower gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts
Abstract
Background
Children with urinary incontinence (UI) have associated functional constipation (FC) and fecal incontinence (FI). The physiology between lower urinary tract (LUT) and anorectum in children has not been elucidated. Aims: Observe the effect of rectal distention (RD) on LUT function, and bladder filling and voiding on anorectal function.
Methods
Children with voiding dysfunction referred to Boston Children's Hospital were prospectively enrolled in combined urodynamic (UDS) and anorectal manometry (ARM). Anorectal and urodynamic parameters were simultaneously measured. Patients underwent two micturition cycles, first with rectal balloon deflated and second with it inflated (RD). Lower urinary tract and anorectal parameters were compared between cycles.
Key Results
Ten children (seven UI, four recurrent UTIs, nine FC ± FI) were enrolled. Postvoid residual (PVR) increased (p = 0.02) with RD. No differences were observed in percent of bladder filling to expected bladder capacity, sensation, and bladder compliance with and without RD. Bladder and abdominal pressures increased at voiding with RD (p < 0.05). Intra-anal pressures decreased at voiding (p < 0.05), at 25% (p = 0.03) and 50% (p = 0.06) of total volume of bladder filling.
Conclusions & Inferences
The PVR volume increased with RD. Stool in the rectum does not alter filling cystometric capacity but decreases the bladder's ability to empty predisposing patients with fecal retention to UI and UTIs. Bladder and abdominal pressures increased during voiding, demonstrating a physiological correlate of voiding dysfunction. Intra-anal pressures decreased during bladder filling and voiding. This is the first time intra-anal relaxation during bladder filling and voiding has been described.
We demonstrate that distention (RD) affects bladder function and describe a physiological correlate of voiding dysfunction which may explain why patients with fecal retention may be predisposed to lower urinary tract problems.
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The Effects of Short-term Circuit Resistance Training with Supplementation of Milk, Cheese Juice, Whey Protein on Resting Level Apolipoprotein M- HDL Total Cholesterol, Lipid Profile, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide and Plasma Estradiol in Untrained Young Men
2016-03-01T01-13-24Z
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Aalizadeh Ali, Ramezani Hossein, Abdi Ahmed, Rohbakhsh Ebad, Changizi Ashtiyani Saeed, Ghanbari Niaki Abbas.
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the most significant factors leading to death. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 28 non athletic men. Subjects were divided into 4 groups. In First group was given the water (400 cc) ,second group whey protein supplementation (50g) , three groups Cheese juice (50g) , forth group was given the milk (400 cc) and immediately after the training. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) its sub fractions HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, apolipoprotein M, Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and estradiol were evaluated prior and after training for 12 sessions follow: three sessions in each week. The differences were not significant of GIP and estradiol observed in 4 groups after training in comparison with prier phase. Significant decrease of apolipoprotein M- HDL total cholesterol on resting level were observed in 4 groups and of HDL3 cholesterol with Cheese juice and also whey protein comparison with prior phase (P-value of the order is equal 0.02, 0.001, 0.000 0.015)( 0.01, 0.01). Significant increase of HDL2 cholesterol was observed circuit resistance training group with Cheese juice and also whey protein comparison with prier phase (P-value of the order is equal 0.02, 0.03). This study showed that circuit resistance training positive effects have on the lipid profile changes in untrained young men.
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Risk of colorectal cancer after the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A population-based study
Cancer
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Enhanced liver fibrosis marker as a noninvasive predictor of mortality in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected women from a multicenter study of women with or at risk for HIV
AIDS
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Maldi-tof ms accelerates pathogen identification and may confer benefit in the outcome of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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FOLFOXIRI or FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a propensity score-adjusted analysis from two randomized clinical trials
Annals of Oncology
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The expression of miR-125b-5p is increased in the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection and inhibits the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen
Journal of Viral Hepatitis
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Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 supplementation in the management of diarrhea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A double blind randomized placebo controlled pilot clinical study
Nutrition Journal
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Effects of bariatric surgery on outcomes of patients with acute pancreatitis
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease: A prospective study at 5 years
Digestive and Liver Diseases
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Application of Y-shaped, coated self-expandable metallic stents for anastomotic stenosis after gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II)
Acta Radiologica
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Predicting a response to antibiotics in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome
Digestive Diseases and Sciences
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Polyphosphate derived from lactobacillus brevis inhibits colon cancer progression through induction of cell apoptosis
Anticancer Research
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Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-containing regimens in hepatitis C infected patients with impaired renal function
Liver International
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Association between long-term lipid profiles and disease severity in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Digestive Diseases and Sciences
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Osteoprotegerin: A novel biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal carcinoma
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Addressing the role of food in irritable bowel syndrome symptom management
The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
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Role of diet in fecal incontinence: A systematic review of the literature
International Urogynecology Journal
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Identification of hepatitis C virus genotype 3 by a commercial assay challenged by natural polymorphisms detected in Spain from patients with diverse origins
Journal of Clinical Virology
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Gastrointestinal tolerance and plasma status of carotenoids, EPA and DHA with a fiber- enriched tube feed in hospitalized patients initiated on tube nutrition: randomized controlled trial
Clinical Nutrition
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Pancreatoduodenectomy, fifteen years of experience
BMC Cancer
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Dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Brazil: A case control study
Nutrition Journal
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