Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Πέμπτη 28 Ιουλίου 2016
Association of Serum Adropin Concentrations with Diabetic Nephropathy
Objective. Adropin is a newly identified regulatory protein encoded by the Enho gene and is critically involved in energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. This study aims to determine the correlation of serum adropin concentrations with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods. This study consisted of 245 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 81 healthy subjects. Then T2DM patients were divided into normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria subgroups based on urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). Results. T2DM patients showed significantly lower serum adropin concentrations than those in the controls. T2DM patients with macroalbuminuria had significantly decreased serum adropin concentrations compared with the other three groups. In addition, T2DM patients with microalbuminuria showed lower serum adropin concentrations than those in patients with normoalbuminuria. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum adropin was correlated with decreased risk of developing T2DM and DN. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum adropin was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and ACR and positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI and ACR were negatively correlated with serum adropin levels. Conclusion. Serum adropin concentrations are negatively associated with renal function. Adropin may be implicated in the pathogenesis of DN development.
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Iontophoresis-Assisted Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking with Epithelial Debridement: Preliminary Results
Purpose. To report the early outcomes of iontophoresis-assisted corneal collagen cross-linking procedure with epithelial debridement (I-SCXL). Methods. Twenty eyes of twenty patients with progressive keratoconus were included in this prospective clinical study. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), sphere and cylinder refraction, corneal topography, Scheimpflug tomography, aberrometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and endothelial cell count were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. The parameters considered to establish keratoconus progression were always proven with differential maps as change in curvature in the cone area of at least 1 diopter obtained with an instantaneous map. Results. Functional parameters showed a significant improvement () of BSCVA after 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Morphological parameters indicated stabilization of the corneal ectasia during the follow-up; however, a positive trend was noted with a mean flattening of 1.73 D. Minimum pachymetry values showed thinning that remained constant after the treatment. The demarcation line was clearly visible in all patients, reaching a depth of μm. None of the patients had continuous progression of keratoconus or had to repeat cross-linking procedures. Endothelial cell counts did not change significantly (). Conclusion. The early results indicate that the I-SCXL may be able to reduce the treatment time and improve the riboflavin diffusion.
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Association between Serum Ferritin and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Background and Aims. CIN is a major and serious complication following PCI in patients with ACS. It is unclear whether a higher serum ferritin level is associated with an increased risk of CIN in high-risk patients. Thus, we conducted this study to assess the predictive value of SF for the risk of CIN after PCI. Methods. We prospectively examined SF levels in 548 patients with ACS before undergoing PCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for CIN. The ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of SF for CIN. Results. CIN occurred in 96 patients. Baseline SF was higher in patients who developed CIN compared to those who did not ( versus ; ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SF was an independent predictor of CIN (OR, 1.008; 95% CI, 1.003–1.013; ). The area under ROC curve for SF was 0.629, and SF > 180.9 μg/L predicted CIN with sensitivity of 80.2% and specificity of 41.4%. Conclusion. Our data show that a higher SF level was significantly associated with an increased risk of CIN after PCI.
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Prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia in the first trimester
2016-07-28T06-05-49Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Ahter Tanay Tayyar, Ahmet Tayyar, Mehmet Baki Senturk, Ayse Disli Gurler, Hulya Akgun, Mehmet Tayyar.
Sirenomelia is a rare and fatal congenital anomaly. Incidence of sirenomelia one in 60,000 to 100,000 live births. Early prenatal diagnosis by first trimester scan should be the aim to minimize the physical and psychiatric trauma related to the termination of pregnancy at advanced gestation. Nulliparous woman aged 23 years was referred for evaluation because of absence of legs at 12 weeks 6 days of gestation. The upper half of the fetus appeared normal .The lower extremities appeared to be fused together in fixed extension and mobility at the hip and knee joints was restricted. A single umbilical artery was demonstrated using color dopler, Also, omphalocole was detected and the final diagnosis was sirenomelia. Parents opted for the pregnancy termination due to the lethal prognosis for the fetus. Etiological factors of sirenomelia sequence are still unclear. Several heterogeneous risk factors have been reported, but all of them are debatable. Anomalies of kidneys, significant oligohydramnios and concomitant hypoplasia of the lungs make a very unfavorable prognosis for sirenomelia. Termination of the pregnancy is an option due to a lethal prognosis. It should be offered to the parents when diagnosis of the sirenomelia is made. First trimester diagnosis will give oppurtunity to the patient more safer and less traumatic termination procedure.
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The effect of licorice drink on cytochrome P3A6 and P-glycoprotein gene transcription in rabbits
2016-07-28T06-05-49Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Rawia Al-Balawnih, Suheil Zmeili, Yacoub Irshaid, Malek Zihlef.
The effect of licorice drink, a widely used herb in the Middle East, on hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P3A6 (CYP3A6) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) gene transcription using rabbit as an animal model was assessed. This article reports that licorice treated groups showed a significant induction of hepatic CYP3A6 expression by 17.6-folds, and an inhibition of intestinal CYP3A6 expression by 7.6-folds. Licorice administration did not affect P-gp expression neither in hepatic nor in intestinal tissues. It is concluded that licorice can affect the metabolism of drugs that are CYP3A6 substrates, but it might not affect the transport of drugs dependent on P-gp.
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Experimental and Theoretical Observations on the Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of α-Amino Carbanions to Arynes: Synthesis of 1-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines
1-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQ) are key intermediates and products in the pharmaceutical industry. A new method involving intramolecular nucleophilic addition of α-amino carbanions to in-situ-generated arynes in N-Boc-protected (Boc = tert-butoxycarbonyl) amine substrates is presented for the synthesis of these compounds. Surprisingly, a similar reaction in Lewis-acid-complexed tertiary amines failed. These results have been analysed using quantum chemical calculations on the intermediates involved in the reactions.
A transition-metal-free and oxidant-free strategy is described for the synthesis of NH and N-Me C-1-arylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.
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Microbial contamination of water intended for milk container washing in smallholder dairy farming and milk retailing houses in southern Ethiopia
The water used during handling and processing of milk products can be potential sources of microbial contamination with possible negative consequences on food safety. Especially, the water used in keeping the ...
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Estimation of the Gini coefficient for the lognormal distribution of income using the Lorenz curve
The main objective of the study is to compare the Newton–Cotes methods such as the Trapezium rule, Simpson 1/3 rule and Simpson 3/8 rule to estimate the area under the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient of inc...
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Acute effects of different conditioning activities on running performance of sprinters
This study investigated acute effects of different conditioning activities on sprint performance of collegiate sprinters using a randomized, crossover design. Male sprinters (N = 10; 20.1 ± 0.6 years; 174.6 ± ...
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Efficacy of azithromycin in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study and propensity score analysis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening form of respiratory failure without an established pharmacological treatment. Recently, macrolides have been found to be beneficial in cases of acute l...
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MALT lymphoma of the left biceps muscle: a rare case with an interesting presentation
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), also called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma accounts for 7–8 % of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and most commonly involves the stomach. However, muscle...
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Vocal fold control beyond the species-specific repertoire in an orang-utan.
Vocal fold control beyond the species-specific repertoire in an orang-utan.
Sci Rep. 2016;6:30315
Authors: Lameira AR, Hardus ME, Mielke A, Wich SA, Shumaker RW
Abstract
Vocal fold control was critical to the evolution of spoken language, much as it today allows us to learn vowel systems. It has, however, never been demonstrated directly in a non-human primate, leading to the suggestion that it evolved in the human lineage after divergence from great apes. Here, we provide the first evidence for real-time, dynamic and interactive vocal fold control in a great ape during an imitation "do-as-I-do" game with a human demonstrator. Notably, the orang-utan subject skilfully produced "wookies" - an idiosyncratic vocalization exhibiting a unique spectral profile among the orang-utan vocal repertoire. The subject instantaneously matched human-produced wookies as they were randomly modulated in pitch, adjusting his voice frequency up or down when the human demonstrator did so, readily generating distinct low vs. high frequency sub-variants. These sub-variants were significantly different from spontaneous ones (not produced in matching trials). Results indicate a latent capacity for vocal fold exercise in a great ape (i) in real-time, (ii) up and down the frequency spectrum, (iii) across a register range beyond the species-repertoire and, (iv) in a co-operative turn-taking social setup. Such ancestral capacity likely provided the neuro-behavioural basis of the more fine-tuned vocal fold control that is a human hallmark.
PMID: 27461756 [PubMed - in process]
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A recursive kinematic random forest and alpha beta filter classifier for 2D radar tracks
In this work, we show that by using a recursive random forest together with an alpha beta filter classifier, it is possible to classify radar tracks from the tracks' kinematic data. The kinematic data is from ...
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Reply to response to Wheatley et al., "Surgical excision margins in primary cutaneous melanoma: A meta-analysis and Bayesian probability evaluation" Cancer Treatment Reviews April 2016;45:76.
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Reply to response to Wheatley et al., "Surgical excision margins in primary cutaneous melanoma: A meta-analysis and Bayesian probability evaluation" Cancer Treatment Reviews April 2016;45:76.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2016 Jul 15;
Authors: Wheatley K, Wilson JS, Gaunt P, Marsden JR
PMID: 27460559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The prospect of precision therapy for renal cell carcinoma.
| Related Articles |
The prospect of precision therapy for renal cell carcinoma.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2016 Jul 12;49:37-44
Authors: Ciccarese C, Brunelli M, Montironi R, Fiorentino M, Iacovelli R, Heng D, Tortora G, Massari F
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has greatly expanded in the last decade. From being a malignancy orphan of effective therapies, kidney cancer has become today a tumor with several treatment options. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a metabolic disease, being characterized by the dysregulation of metabolic pathways involved in oxygen sensing (VHL/HIF pathway alterations and the subsequent up-regulation of HIF-responsive genes such as VEGF, PDGF, EGF, and glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4, which justify the RCC reliance on aerobic glycolysis), energy sensing (fumarate hydratase-deficient, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCC, mutations of HGF/MET pathway resulting in the metabolic Warburg shift marked by RCC increased dependence on aerobic glycolysis and the pentose phosphate shunt, augmented lipogenesis, and reduced AMPK and Krebs cycle activity) and/or nutrient sensing cascade (deregulation of AMPK-TSC1/2-mTOR and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways). In this complex scenario it is important to find prognostic and predictive factors that can help in decision making in the treatment of mRCC.
PMID: 27453294 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Dummy, Active-Controlled, and Multiple-Dose Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig (Ramulus Mori, Sangzhi) Alkaloid Tablet and Acarbose in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Aims. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloid (SZ-A) tablet compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. This clinical trial enrolled 38 patients who were randomized into two groups (SZ-A: 23; acarbose: 15) and were treated for 24 weeks. Patients and clinical trial staffs were masked to treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcome measures were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial and fasting plasma glucose levels from baseline to the end of treatment. Analysis included all patients who completed this study. Results. By the end of this study, HbA1c level in SZ-A group was decreased from baseline significantly (). No significant difference was found when compared with acarbose group (). Similarly, 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose levels in SZ-A group were decreased from baseline statistically (), without any significant differences compared with acarbose group ( and 0.558, resp.). The fasting plasma glucose levels were not significantly changed in both groups. One of 23 patients in SZ-A group (4.76%) and 5 of 15 patients in acarbose group (33.33%) suffered from gastrointestinal adverse events. Conclusions. Compared with acarbose, SZ-A tablet was effective and safe in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Study on the Mechanism of mTOR-Mediated Autophagy during Electroacupuncture Pretreatment against Cerebral Ischemic Injury
This study is aimed at investigating the association between the electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment-induced protective effect against early cerebral ischemic injury and autophagy. EA pretreatment can protect cerebral ischemic and reperfusion injuries, but whether the attenuation of early cerebral ischemic injury by EA pretreatment was associated with autophagy is not yet clear. This study used the middle cerebral artery occlusion model to monitor the process of ischemic injury. For rats in the EA pretreatment group, EA pretreatment was conducted at Baihui acupoint before ischemia for 30 min for 5 consecutive days. The results suggested that EA pretreatment significantly increased the expression of autophagy in the cerebral cortical area on the ischemic side of rats. But the EA pretreatment-induced protective effects on the brain could be reversed by the specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine of autophagy. Additionally, the Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the impact of EA pretreatment on p-mTOR (2481) was negatively correlated with its impact on autophagy. In conclusion, the mechanism of EA pretreatment at Baihui acupoint against cerebral ischemic injury is mainly associated with the upregulation of autophagy expression, and its regulation of autophagy may depend on mTOR-mediated signaling pathways.
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Acupuncture Points Stimulation for Meniere’s Disease/Syndrome: A Promising Therapeutic Approach
Objective. This study aims to explore evidence for acupuncture points stimulation (APS) in treatment of Meniere's disease (MD). Method. A literature search was conducted in seven databases including EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, and WangFang database and the data analysis was performed by using the RevMan version 5.3. Results. 12 RCTs with 993 participants were acquired after the search. The quality of most eligible studies was very low which limited the value of the meta-analysis. Compared with western medicine comprehensive treatment (WMCT), the APS alone or in combination with WMCT had a significant positive effect in controlling vertigo; however, the result was negative in hearing improvement and DHI. No adverse events were reported in the studies. Conclusion. The APS might be a promising therapeutic approach for MD. However, the currently available evidence is insufficient to make a definitive conclusion for the poor quality of included studies. More high-quality researches with larger sample size are urgently needed to assess the effectiveness and safety.
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Scheduling announced requests for streaming information
We analyse a scheduling system in which users announce requests for information from a server some time before they actually need this information. Each constituent of the requested information has its own specific deadline, which is characteristic for applications that gradually consume a stream of information (e.g., video). For that purpose, a request fully specifies when the requesting user needs each constituent of this information. Since each user device is equipped with a buffer, the server can exploit this detailed timing information to deliver parts of the requested information upfront. The more the requests are announced in advance, the better the ability of the server to avoid deadline violations. We investigate for a given server capacity via semi-analytical techniques complemented with simulations how much the requests need to be announced in advance to essentially avoid violating all deadlines.
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Advanced crack propagation simulation for eSHM system design
In high tech production industry there is a trend towards combining sophisticated design simulation tools with advanced manufacturing processes to facilitate lightweight designs. More complex shapes are constructed for maximal weight reduction. Correspondingly designing closer to the limit requires advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. In addition to guaranteeing the structural integrity of the product, the SHM system allows for field validation of design assumptions by including the information from product performance within design validation. All products in the field become validation cases for the design assumptions made. This paper proposes an innovative SHM technique by means of capillary channels embedded in the structure (eSHM) in order to detect cracks before they reach their critical length. In this approach it is aimed to place capillary channels inside the structure. The location of the capillary channels is such that they are in zones where cracks pass during propagation before they reach their critical length. The crack monitoring as such is achieved by measuring air pressure in the capillary channel. Cracks reaching the capillary will cause a decrease in air pressure and an alarm. The well functioning of the system is fully determined by the positioning of the capillary channels. Advanced simulation techniques are used to determine the location of the capillaries to ensure crack detection. Accuracy of these simulations significantly contributes to the success of the SHM system. This paper shows the use of an advanced finite element (FE) based simulation approach to design the SHM system. It consists of two steps, first FE based critical stress zone determination calculations are used to calculate the critical hot spots for crack initiation. SHM capillaries are placed such to detect cracks initiated in these critical zones. Validation of the capillary locations is done by means of Nasgro based crack propagation simulations. Cracks will be initiated at different locations in the hot zones and propagation simulated. It is shown that each of the cracks propagates through the capillaries. A generic example is envisaged: a gearbox support connection between a gearbox and the system it is build into. However in order to make the study quantitative it is opted to design the eSHM for the torque arm of a wind turbine gearbox. The publically available National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) gearbox will be used in combination with fatigue loading conditions determined in the framework of this GRC project. To facilitate capillaries of complex shape the section of the torque arm containing the capillaries will be produced by means of additive manufacturing techniques. These techniques are becoming increasingly available at a decreasing cost for plastics and metals and could in future be used for manufacturing parts of structural components of gearbox systems.
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Novel murine tumour models depend on strain and route of inoculation
Summary
This study describes variations in tumour growth patterns which occur when changes in the routes of inoculation and mouse strain are used to introduce tumours into established murine model systems that are known to vary in location and aggression. Intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous and hydrodynamic inoculations of B16F10 cells were compared among CD-1, C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice. Most surprisingly, allogeneic tumour growth in Balb/c mice after intravenous and hydrodynamic inoculation of B16F10 cells was faster than tumour growth in the syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. These and other variations in the tumour growth patterns described here can help provide the researcher with more experimental control when planning to use the optimal tumour model for any particular study.
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Replication of [small alpha]-amino acid via Strecker synthesis with amplification and multiplication of chiral intermediate aminonitrile
Chem. Commun., 2016, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC05544C, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC05544C, Communication
Shohei Aiba, Naoya Takamatsu, Taichiro Sasai, Yuji Tokunaga, Tsuneomi Kawasaki
Chiral amino acid, [small alpha]-(p-tolyl)glycine induced the enantiomeric imbalance toward the formation of its own chiral intermediate, [small alpha]-(p-tolyl)glycine nitrile through the Strecker reaction between achiral three components. In combination with the...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Chiral amino acid, [small alpha]-(p-tolyl)glycine induced the enantiomeric imbalance toward the formation of its own chiral intermediate, [small alpha]-(p-tolyl)glycine nitrile through the Strecker reaction between achiral three components. In combination with the...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Telocytes and lung disease.
Telocytes and lung disease.
Histol Histopathol. 2016 Jul 27;:11807
Authors: Song D, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM, Wang X
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) represent a new distinct type of interstitial cells found in many organs, including lungs. TCs are mainly defined by a small cellular body from which arise very long (hundreds of micrometers) extensions named telopodes. During the last years, TCs were characterized in respect with their microRNA profiles, gene features and proteome signatures. Also, the ultrastructural 3D configuration was further elucidated by the aid of the FIB-SEM technology. TCs are able to communicate by homo- and heterocellular contacts with neighboring cells and are also able to transfer genetic information and signaling molecules to influence other cells by means of extracellular vesicle release. However, the exact function of lung TCs remains unclear. Here, we review the potential significance of TCs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. We will also discuss some future possibilities for targeting TCs as a potential therapeutic strategy.
PMID: 27463150 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Expression of Ccdc85C, a causative protein for murine hydrocephalus, in the mammary gland tumors of dogs.
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Expression of Ccdc85C, a causative protein for murine hydrocephalus, in the mammary gland tumors of dogs.
Histol Histopathol. 2016 Jul 26;:11806
Authors: Tanaka N, Izawa T, Takenaka S, Akiyoshi H, Yamate J, Kuwamura M
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain containing 85c (Ccdc85c) is a causative gene for hemorrhagic hydrocephalus mouse which shows hydrocephalus with frequent brain hemorrhage and formation of subcortical band heterotopia. A previous study revealed that Ccdc85C protein is expressed in the systemic simple epithelial cells with proliferative activity in rats and suggested that Ccdc85C expression may be related to the cell proliferation of simple epithelial cells. To reveal the roles of Ccdc85C in the proliferative lesion, we examined the expression patterns of Ccdc85C in the mammary gland tumor of dogs, a common representative tumor derived from simple epithelial cells. In canine mammary gland tumors, Ccdc85C was expressed at the apical junctions of the luminal epithelial cells. Ccdc85C was also distributed throughout the entire cytoplasm of the myoepithelial cells. Ccdc85C expression was observed at the epithelial cells with luminal structures, but was not observed at the epithelial cells forming sheet growth pattern without luminal structure. In carcinomas, Ccdc85C expression in mammary tumor tissue tended to be weaker than that in surrounding normal mammary gland tissue. Ccdc85C is known to cause neurological diseases such as hydrocephalus, and subcortical heterotopia, and the present study is the first to demonstrate Ccdc85C expression in canine mammary tumors and a relationship between Ccdc85C expression and tumor malignancy.
PMID: 27457231 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Significant up-regulation of 1-ACBP, B-ACBP and PBR genes in immune cells within the oesophageal malignant tissue and a possible link in carcinogenic angiogenesis.
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Significant up-regulation of 1-ACBP, B-ACBP and PBR genes in immune cells within the oesophageal malignant tissue and a possible link in carcinogenic angiogenesis.
Histol Histopathol. 2015 Oct 1;
Authors: Dlamini Z, Mbele M, McCabe M, Rees J, Naicker S, Mbita Z
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer ranks as the sixth most common malignancy in the world, and recent evidence has shown that its incidence is increasing. ACBPs (Acyl-coA binding proteins) act as intracellular carrier-proteins for medium to long chain acyl-coA, mediating fatty acid transport to the mitochondrion for ß-oxidation. ACBPs are also believed to be putative ligands of PBR (peripheral benzodiazepine receptor), and once they bind to this receptor they facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, presumably favouring apoptosis. The main aim of the study was to establish the expression patterns of 1- Acyl-coA binding proteins (1-ACBP), B- Acyl-coA binding proteins (B-ACBP), and peripheral bezodiazepine receptor (PBR) in oesophageal cancer, and to link their roles with the disease. In situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR methods were performed to determine localization and the expression levels of the three genes in oesophageal cancer. All three genes illustrated substantial up-regulation within the malignant tissue sections as compared to normal oesophageal sections, all three transcripts localized specifically to mast cells, plasma cells and lymphocytes in diseased and normal tissue section. In the diseased tissue B-ACBP and 1-ACBP mRNA localized to endothelial cells of blood vessels in the submucosa. B-ACBP also localized to the nucleus of squamous epithelial cells. PBR localization was indicated in tumour islands of invasive tissue sections. Quantitative RT-PCR also indicated that the expression levels of PBR were higher as compared to the ACBP genes expression in tumours. These results show that 1-ACBP, B-ACBP and PBR play a role in the pathogenesis of oesophageal tumours and possibly in carcinogenic angiogenesis.
PMID: 27452861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Editorial (Thematic Issue: Targeted Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery).
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Editorial (Thematic Issue: Targeted Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery).
Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2016;16(6):467-8
Authors: Liang F, Chen B, Zhang C
PMID: 27452678 [PubMed - in process]
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Infracentimetric cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Incidence and prognostic value
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): A. Pauzie, M. Gavid, J.-M. Dumollard, A. Timoshenko, M. Peoc'h, J.-M. Prades
ObjectivesSupracentimetric cervical lymph node metastasis is classically a poor prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence and survival in head and neck cancer. Causality, however, is more controversial for infracentimetric cervical lymph node metastases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and prognostic value of infracentimetric lymph node metastasis.Materials and methodsTwo hundred and forty-three neck dissections from 150 head and neck cancer patients were analyzed. A single pathologist exhaustively inventoried the number and size of all adenopathies in the surgical specimen.ResultsCervical lymph node metastases were infracentimetric in 38% of cases, with 72% extracapsular spread (versus 91% for supracentimetric adenopathies; P<0.01). Infracentimetric metastases were more often associated with other cervical lymph node metastases (mean 5.3 versus 3.9; P=0.14). Fifty three percent of specimens showed only supracentimetric metastases (versus 13% infracentimetric metastases; P<0.01). Disease-specific and failure-free survival were lower in case of infracentimetric metastasis, associated with supracentimetric metastasis or not, than in case of macrometastasis only.ConclusionInfracentimetric cervical lymph node metastasis is a factor of poor prognosis, and may represent a different, more aggressive lymphatic process. We suggest complete neck dissection by the surgeon and meticulous analysis by the pathologist, the results of which guide complementary therapy. Close surveillance of recurrence is also recommended.
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"Am J Rhinol Allergy"[jour]; +21 new citations
21 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2016/07/28
PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
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Diagnosing early upward cerebellar herniation by computed tomography: A diagnostic boom, a savior.
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Diagnosing early upward cerebellar herniation by computed tomography: A diagnostic boom, a savior.
Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7:72
Authors: Singla N, Kapoor A, Chatterjee D
PMID: 27453797 [PubMed]
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The outermost "dura-like membrane" of vestibular schwannoma.
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The outermost "dura-like membrane" of vestibular schwannoma.
Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7:71
Authors: Tomio R, Yoshida K, Kohno M, Kamamoto D, Mikami S
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The membranous structure of vestibular schwannoma is an important factor in its surgical treatment. Herein, we report intraoperative and microscopic findings relating to an outermost dura-like membrane in cases of vestibular schwannoma and the importance of these findings.
METHODS: Intraoperative findings of 16 cases of vestibular schwannoma treated with an initial surgery were studied with an aim to determine if the cases had a dura-like membrane. Then we studied microscopic findings of the dura-like membrane using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining in 2 cases.
RESULTS: The dura-like membrane was observed in 8 out of 16 cases. The average tumor size of the cases that had a dura-like membrane was 30 ± 8.1 mm, and Koos grading 4 was in 7 out of 8 cases, and one was grade 3. In cases without a dura-like membrane, these values were significantly smaller, with an average tumor size of 12.8 ± 5.2 mm, and Koos grading 4 was only in 1 of 8 cases, grade 3 was in 2 cases, and other 5 cases were grade 2. The outermost dura-like membrane enveloped the vestibular schwannoma around the internal acoustic meatus and was continuous with the dura mater. Reactive angiogenesis was observed in the dura mater. Microscopic findings proved its continuity with the dura mater. In one case, the facial nerve was damaged before it was identified during subcapsular dissection. In that case, the dura-like membrane negatively affected our ability to identify the facial nerve.
CONCLUSIONS: A dura-like membrane sometimes envelops vestibular schwannoma around the internal acoustic meatus. Recognition of this membranous structure is important for the surgical preservation of facial and acoustic nerves.
PMID: 27453796 [PubMed]
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The effects of 30 mT electromagnetic fields on hippocampus cells of rats.
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The effects of 30 mT electromagnetic fields on hippocampus cells of rats.
Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7:70
Authors: Teimori F, Khaki AA, Rajabzadeh A, Roshangar L
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite the use of electromagnetic waves in the treatment of some acute and chronic diseases, application of these waves in everyday life has created several problems for humans, especially the nerve system. In this study, the effects of 30mT electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the hippocampus is investigated.
METHODS: Twenty-four 5-month Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into two groups. The experimental group rats were under the influence of an EMF at an intensity of 3 mT for approximately 4 hours a day (from 8 AM to 12 PM) during 10 weeks. After the hippocampus was removed, thin slides were prepared for transmission electron microscope (TEM) to study the ultrastructural tissue. Cell death detection POD kits were used to determine the apoptosis rate.
RESULTS: The results of the TEM showed that, in the hippocampus of the experimental group, in comparison to the control group, there was a substantial shift; even intracellular organelles such as the mitochondria were morphologically abnormal and uncertain. The number of apoptotic cells in the exposed group compared to the control group showed significant changes.
CONCLUSIONS: Similar to numerous studies that have reported the effects of EMFs on nerves system, it was also confirmed in this lecture. Hence, the hippocampus which is important in regulating emotions, behavior, motivation, and memory functions, may be impaired by the negative impacts of EMFs.
PMID: 27453795 [PubMed]
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Emerging from Their Burrow: Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors for Cancer.
Emerging from Their Burrow: Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors for Cancer.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016 Jul 27;
Authors: Gan GN, Jimeno A
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cancer treatment is moving away from conventional cytotoxic drugs and towards agents that target specific proteins and mechanisms important to cancer development or survival. The Hedgehog Pathway (HhP) is a signal transduction pathway and its constitutive activation is tumorigenic in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The HhP enables phenotypic flexibility, and channels tumor-stroma interactions. As a result, it is over-expressed in numerous cancers as well as in the tumor microenvironment and may represent a promising therapeutic target.
AREAS COVERED: In this article, we review the rationale for targeting HhP and its role as an oncogenic driver, in tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and in the tumor microenvironment and describe the results of preclinical and clinical studies involving HhP inhibitors.
EXPERT OPINION: HhP activation plays an important role in both the tumor microenvironment and tumor EMT which can lead to treatment resistance for a number of different malignancies. In addition to standard use in BCC, several HhP inhibitors are in preclinical, early, and mid-stage clinical development for other solid and hematologic malignancies.
PMID: 27459882 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Old and new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease.
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Old and new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016 Jul 26;
Authors: Galimberti D, Scarpini E
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To date, pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChEIs) for mild-to-moderate AD, and memantine for moderate-to-severe AD. AChEIs reversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thus increasing the availability of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses, enhancing cholinergic transmission. These drugs provide symptomatic short-term benefits, without clearly counteracting the progression of the disease.
AREAS COVERED: On the wake of successful clinical trials which lead to the marketing of AChEIs donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine, many compounds with AChEI properties have been developed and tested mainly in Phase I-II clinical trials in the last twenty years. Here, we review clinical trials initiated and interrupted, and those ongoing so far.
EXPERT OPINION: Despite many clinical trials with novel AChEIs have been carried out after the registration of those currently used to treat mild to moderate AD, none so far has been successful in a Phase III trial and marketed. Alzheimer's disease is a complex multifactorial disorder, therefore therapy should likely address not only the cholinergic system but also additional neurotransmitters. Moreover, such treatments should be started in very mild phases of the disease, and preventive strategies addressed in elderly people.
PMID: 27459153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in phase II clinical development for treating type 2 diabetes.
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The potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in phase II clinical development for treating type 2 diabetes.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016 Jul 26;
Authors: Pafili K, Maltezos E, Papanas N
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There is now an abundance of anti-diabetic agents. However, only few patients achieve glycemic targets. Moreover, current glucose-lowering agents mainly depend upon insulin secretion or function. Sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors present a novel glucose-lowering therapy, inducing glycosuria in an insulin-independent fashion.
AREAS COVERED: In this review, the authors discuss the key efficacy and safety data from phase II clinical trials in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of the main SGLT2 inhibitors approved or currently in development, and provide a rationale for their use in T2DM.
EXPERT OPINION: Despite the very promising characteristics of this new therapeutic class, a number of issues await consideration. One important question is what to expect from head-to-head comparison data. We also need to know if dual inhibition of SGLT1/SGLT2 is more efficacious in reducing HbA1c and how this therapy affects metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. Additionally, several SGLT2 agents that have not yet come to market have hitherto been evaluated in Asian populations, whereas approved SGLT2 inhibitors have been frequently studied in other populations, including Caucasian subjects. Thus, we need more information on the potential role of ethnicity on their efficacy and safety.
PMID: 27459025 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Telocytes and lung disease.
Telocytes and lung disease.
Histol Histopathol. 2016 Jul 27;:11807
Authors: Song D, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM, Wang X
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) represent a new distinct type of interstitial cells found in many organs, including lungs. TCs are mainly defined by a small cellular body from which arise very long (hundreds of micrometers) extensions named telopodes. During the last years, TCs were characterized in respect with their microRNA profiles, gene features and proteome signatures. Also, the ultrastructural 3D configuration was further elucidated by the aid of the FIB-SEM technology. TCs are able to communicate by homo- and heterocellular contacts with neighboring cells and are also able to transfer genetic information and signaling molecules to influence other cells by means of extracellular vesicle release. However, the exact function of lung TCs remains unclear. Here, we review the potential significance of TCs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. We will also discuss some future possibilities for targeting TCs as a potential therapeutic strategy.
PMID: 27463150 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Expression of Ccdc85C, a causative protein for murine hydrocephalus, in the mammary gland tumors of dogs.
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Expression of Ccdc85C, a causative protein for murine hydrocephalus, in the mammary gland tumors of dogs.
Histol Histopathol. 2016 Jul 26;:11806
Authors: Tanaka N, Izawa T, Takenaka S, Akiyoshi H, Yamate J, Kuwamura M
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain containing 85c (Ccdc85c) is a causative gene for hemorrhagic hydrocephalus mouse which shows hydrocephalus with frequent brain hemorrhage and formation of subcortical band heterotopia. A previous study revealed that Ccdc85C protein is expressed in the systemic simple epithelial cells with proliferative activity in rats and suggested that Ccdc85C expression may be related to the cell proliferation of simple epithelial cells. To reveal the roles of Ccdc85C in the proliferative lesion, we examined the expression patterns of Ccdc85C in the mammary gland tumor of dogs, a common representative tumor derived from simple epithelial cells. In canine mammary gland tumors, Ccdc85C was expressed at the apical junctions of the luminal epithelial cells. Ccdc85C was also distributed throughout the entire cytoplasm of the myoepithelial cells. Ccdc85C expression was observed at the epithelial cells with luminal structures, but was not observed at the epithelial cells forming sheet growth pattern without luminal structure. In carcinomas, Ccdc85C expression in mammary tumor tissue tended to be weaker than that in surrounding normal mammary gland tissue. Ccdc85C is known to cause neurological diseases such as hydrocephalus, and subcortical heterotopia, and the present study is the first to demonstrate Ccdc85C expression in canine mammary tumors and a relationship between Ccdc85C expression and tumor malignancy.
PMID: 27457231 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Significant up-regulation of 1-ACBP, B-ACBP and PBR genes in immune cells within the oesophageal malignant tissue and a possible link in carcinogenic angiogenesis.
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Significant up-regulation of 1-ACBP, B-ACBP and PBR genes in immune cells within the oesophageal malignant tissue and a possible link in carcinogenic angiogenesis.
Histol Histopathol. 2015 Oct 1;
Authors: Dlamini Z, Mbele M, McCabe M, Rees J, Naicker S, Mbita Z
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer ranks as the sixth most common malignancy in the world, and recent evidence has shown that its incidence is increasing. ACBPs (Acyl-coA binding proteins) act as intracellular carrier-proteins for medium to long chain acyl-coA, mediating fatty acid transport to the mitochondrion for ß-oxidation. ACBPs are also believed to be putative ligands of PBR (peripheral benzodiazepine receptor), and once they bind to this receptor they facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, presumably favouring apoptosis. The main aim of the study was to establish the expression patterns of 1- Acyl-coA binding proteins (1-ACBP), B- Acyl-coA binding proteins (B-ACBP), and peripheral bezodiazepine receptor (PBR) in oesophageal cancer, and to link their roles with the disease. In situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR methods were performed to determine localization and the expression levels of the three genes in oesophageal cancer. All three genes illustrated substantial up-regulation within the malignant tissue sections as compared to normal oesophageal sections, all three transcripts localized specifically to mast cells, plasma cells and lymphocytes in diseased and normal tissue section. In the diseased tissue B-ACBP and 1-ACBP mRNA localized to endothelial cells of blood vessels in the submucosa. B-ACBP also localized to the nucleus of squamous epithelial cells. PBR localization was indicated in tumour islands of invasive tissue sections. Quantitative RT-PCR also indicated that the expression levels of PBR were higher as compared to the ACBP genes expression in tumours. These results show that 1-ACBP, B-ACBP and PBR play a role in the pathogenesis of oesophageal tumours and possibly in carcinogenic angiogenesis.
PMID: 27452861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Electrospinning of sacrificial nanofibers for the creation of a self-healing nanovascular network and its effect on the properties of an epoxy matrix
Composites, whose use has increased significantly the last decades due to their excellent properties, are prone to failure over time, like any other material. Self-healing materials are being developed to extend their lifetime. Today, most self-healing systems are based on the introduction of microcapsules. Although a lot of progress has been made, the effect of introducing such healing feature on the mechanical properties of the neat material is mainly overlooked, with the microcapsules creating potential artefacts in the neat matrix material. The use of a nanovascular network may show a better solution to apply self-healing systems. Therefore in the present paper we created a nanovascular network by pullulan sacrificial electrospun nanofibers, analysed the flexural properties and compared them to those of the neat matrix material as well as reported microcapsule-based materials. A detailed parameter analysis of the electrospinning process allowed for the production of tailored pullulan nanofibers. The introduction of the pullulan nanofibers showed no effect on the strength and modulus of the neat epoxy. On removal of the pullulan, the properties of the resultant nanovascular epoxy matrix system were somewhat reduced relative to the neat epoxy with an effect in proportion to the volume fraction and the diameter of the channels. However very interesting, the decrease of the mechanical properties of the nanovascular epoxy is far lower than on the introduction of microcapsules and opens potentials for a more appropriate introduction of self-healing systems in composite materials.
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Performance analysis of buffers with train arrivals and correlated output interruptions
In this paper, we study a discrete-time buffer system with a timecorrelated packet arrival process and one unreliable output line. In particular, packets arrive to the buffer in the form of variable-length packet trains at a fixed rate of exactly one packet per slot. The packet trains are assumed to have a geometric length, such that each packet has a fixed probability of being the last of its corresponding train. The output line is governed by a Markovian process, such that the probability that the line is available during a slot depends on the state of the underlying J-state Markov process during that slot. First, we provide a general analysis of the state of the buffer system based on a matrix generating functions approach. This also leads to an expression for the mean buffer content. Additionally, we take a closer look at the distributions of the packet delay and the train delay. In order to make matters more concrete, we next present a detailed and explicit analysis of the buffer system in case the output line is governed by a 2-state Markov process. Some numerical examples help to visualise the influence of the various model parameters.
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Efficient performance evaluation of wireless networks with varying channel conditions
This paper investigates the performance of opportunistic schedulers in wireless networks. A base station communicates over fading channels with multiple mobile nodes, each experiencing varying and not necessarily identical wireless channel conditions. An opportunistic scheduler optimises performance by accounting for both buffer size as well as channel conditions when allocating the transmitter energy among its users. The present study provides the necessary analytical tools to assess performance of opportunistic schedulers both fast and accurately, thereby allowing for fast evaluation and comparison of scheduling algorithms. The scheduler is modelled as a Markovian queueing system with multiple finite queues in a random environment. Already for a limited number of users and limited buffer capacities, the size of the state space of the Markov model makes the direct calculation of the steady-state probability vector nearly impossible. Therefore, we rely on Maclaurin series expansions so as to study the scheduler under light traffic conditions as well as in overload. The computational complexity for calculating the first N terms in the series expansions is O(N M-2 S), where M is the size of the state space of the exogenous channel process and S is the size of the state space of the entire Markov chain.
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Real-time single-exposure ROI-driven HDR adaptation based on focal-plane reconfiguration
This paper describes a prototype smart imager capable of adjusting the photo-integration time of multiple regions of interest concurrently, automatically and asynchronously with a single exposure period. The operation is supported by two interwined photo-diodes at pixel level and two digital registers at the periphery of the pixel matrix. These registers divide the focal-plane into independent regions within which automatic concurrent adjustment of the integration time takes place. At pixel level, one of the photo-diodes senses the pixel value itself whereas the other, in collaboration with its counterparts in a particular ROT, senses the mean illumination of that ROT. Additional circuitry interconnecting both photo-diodes enables the asynchronous adjustment of the integration time for each ROT according to this sensed illumination. The sensor can be reconfigured on-the-fly according to the requirements of a vision algorithm.
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Liver Hemangioma: Teaching Video
Cavernous Hemangioma are incidentally detected lesions in liver which arise from the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and consist of vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells and collagenous walls.Most hemangiomas are incidentally detected on imaging studies. Here is teaching video about its imaging features.
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Artistic skills emerge as dementia progresses
The first of its kind, the study has confirmed anecdotal evidence that creative skills such as painting, drawing, or singing – which were not previously evident in an individual – can emerge or improve in people with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. "Our study shows that individuals with dementia can display new creative behaviours and skills despite also experiencing the cognitive and functional decline that is typical of dementia," says lead author Assoc Prof Olivier Piguet. The study analysed the responses of 185 carers to a novel questionnaire developed in collaboration with Prof Akira Midorikawa, first author on the study and visiting scholar at NeuRA. The Hypersensory and Social/Emotional Scale (HSS) aims to measure the difference in behaviours of patients before their dementia diagnosis and at the current time.
The study revealed that significant changes were seen in sensory processing in people with Alzheimer's dementia and frontotemporal dementia and the emergence or increase in positive behaviours such as musical activities in a subset of individuals.
"A possible explanation for why this is happening is that dementia is a progressive brain disease. Brain atrophy is relatively focal at the beginning. However, as the disease progresses and the atrophy becomes more diffuse, it can result in the release of 'spared' functions supported by brain regions that are less affected. Music activities, for instance, appear to rely on widespread brain networks where brain pathology is not as severe as the regions supporting other cognitive activities, such as memory or language, that tend to decline markedly in people with dementia."
Assoc Prof Piguet also noted that shifting the focus from what someone with dementia may lose to the skills they retain or even gain may have a beneficial effect on both the patient and carer. This study also contributes to an improved understanding of dementia syndromes.
The study will be published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 54(2).
Midorikawa A, Leyton CE, Foxe D, Landin-Romero R, Hodges JR, Piguet O (2016) All Is Not Lost: Positive Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease and Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia with Disease Severity. J Alzheimers Dis, doi: 10.3233/JAD-160440.
ABOUT THE JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (JAD)
The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease is an international multidisciplinary journal to facilitate progress in understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, genetics, behavior, treatment and psychology of Alzheimer's disease. The journal publishes research reports, reviews, short communications, book reviews, and letters-to-the-editor. The Journal is published by IOS Press.
If you require further information or would like to interview Assoc Prof Olivier Piguet please contact Chelsea Hunter at the NeuRA Media Office on 02 9399 1046 or 0403 860 558.
NeuRA is one of the largest independent centres of research on the brain and nervous system in Australia.
Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick NSW 2031
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The negative prognostic impact of low absolute CD4+ T cell counts in peripheral blood in mantle cell lymphoma
Abstact
Tumor microenvironment and host immunity are closely related to patients' outcomes with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, few researches focused on prognostic value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets counts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lymphocyte subsets and absolute monocyte counts (AMC). Sixty-eight patients were analyzed retrospectively. Level of absolute CD4+ T cell counts (ACD4C), CD8+ T cell counts (ACD8C), nature killer cell counts (ANKC) and CD4/CD8 ratio were assessed by peripheral blood flow cytometry (PBFCM) and correlated with clinical parameters and long-term outcomes. The median follow-up for all patients was 21 months and the median survival time was 44 months. The overall survival (OS) rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 80%, 51% and 41%, respectively. In our cohort, high AMC, and low ACD4C and CD4/CD8 ratio were associated with unfavorable OS (P=0.029, P=0.027 and P=0.045, respectively) by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis indicate that low ACD4C was significant predictor of unfavorable OS (P=0.004) independent of sMIPI (P=0.048) in patients treated with or without rituximab (P=0.011). Conclusion: Low CD4+ T cell counts proved to be a significant predictor of unfavorable OS in patients with MCL.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Efficacy of LAT1 inhibition as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Summary
System L amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in various types of human cancer, and contributes to cancer growth and survival. Recently, we have shown that LAT1 expression is closely related to the growth and aggressiveness of esophageal cancer, and is an independent marker of poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether LAT1 inhibition could suppress the esophageal cancer growth. In this study, we investigated the tumor suppressive effects by the inhibition of LAT1. Both LAT1 and CD98, which covalently associates to LAT1 on the membrane, are expressed in human esophageal cancer cell lines, KYSE30 and KYSE150. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of LAT1 was extremely higher than other subtypes of LAT. A selective inhibitor of LAT, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), suppressed cellular uptake of L-14C-leucine and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. BCH also suppressed phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), 4E-BP1, and p70S6K protein, and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. These results suggest that suppression of both mTOR signaling and cell cycle progression is involved in BCH-induced growth inhibition. In tumor-bearing mice, daily administration of BCH significantly delayed tumor growth and decreased glucose metabolism, indicating that LAT1 inhibition potentially suppresses esophageal cancer growth in vivo. Thus, our results suggest that LAT1 inhibition would be a promising molecular target for the therapy of esophageal cancer.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Eosinophilic esophagitis: published evidences for disease subtypes, indications for patient subpopulations, and how to translate patient observations to murine experimental models.
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Eosinophilic esophagitis: published evidences for disease subtypes, indications for patient subpopulations, and how to translate patient observations to murine experimental models.
World Allergy Organ J. 2016;9:23
Authors: Mudde AC, Lexmond WS, Blumberg RS, Nurko S, Fiebiger E
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus and commonly classified as a Th2-type allergy. Major advances in our understanding of the EoE pathophysiology have recently been made, but clinicians struggle with highly unpredictable therapy responses indicative of phenotypic diversity within the patient population. Here, we summarize evidences for the existence of EoE subpopulations based on diverse inflammatory characteristics of the esophageal tissue in EoE. Additionally, clinical characteristics of EoE patients support the concept of disease subtypes. We conclude that clinical and experimental evidences indicate that EoE is an umbrella term for conditions that are unified by esophageal eosinophilia but that several disease subgroups with various inflammatory esophageal patterns and/or different clinical features exist. We further discuss strategies to study the pathophysiologic differences as observed in EoE patients in murine experimental EoE. Going forward, models of EoE that faithfully mimic EoE subentities as defined in humans will be essential because mechanistic studies on triggers which regulate the onset of diverse EoE subpopulations are not feasible in patients. Understanding how and why different EoE phenotypes develop will be a first and fundamental step to establish strategies that integrate individual variations of the EoE pathology into personalized therapy.
PMID: 27458501 [PubMed]
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