Early detection of oral cancers: current status and future prospects.

Early detection of oral cancers: current status and future prospects.

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Apr;24(2):110-114

Authors: Iyer S, Thankappan K, Balasubramanian D

Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the current literature and summarizes the latest developments in screening and early detection of oral cancers and looks at the future possibilities.
RECENT FINDINGS: Oral cancer is the best model for screening and prevention. The screening for oral cancer can be population based, opportunistic, or targeted. A long-term 15-year follow-up data of a randomized controlled study from a developing country setting indicated a sustained reduction in oral cancer mortality in high-risk individuals. Visual oral examination remains the mainstay in the screening. Several adjunctive techniques have been described to aid in the clinical examination of these lesions. A Cochrane review revealed that there is no evidence to recommend these adjuncts in clinically visible lesions. Salivary biomarkers seem to be promising as a tool for screening in the future. A Targeted Evidence Update for the US Preventive Services Task Force found no evidence on screening either in the general or selected high-risk population for oral cancer in the United States or on benefit of any adjunctive device affecting the performance of the screening examination.
SUMMARY: Current evidence shows that community based screening has a value in reducing the oral cancer mortality in high-risk group of population. But this evidence may not be universally applicable.

PMID: 26963670 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clinical applications of stereotactic radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer patients: a disease-oriented approach.

Clinical applications of stereotactic radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer patients: a disease-oriented approach.

J Radiat Res. 2016 Mar 8;

Authors: Ricardi U, Badellino S, Filippi AR

Abstract
Oligometastases from solid tumors are currently recognized as a distinct clinical entity, corresponding to an intermediate state between local and widespread disease. It has been suggested that local ablative therapies (including surgery, radiofrequency ablation and radiation therapy) play an important role in this setting, in combination or not with systemic therapies, particularly in delaying disease progression and hopefully in increasing the median survival time. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) rapidly emerged in recent years as one of the most effective and less toxic local treatment modalities for lung, liver, adrenal, brain and bone metastases. The aim of this review was to focus on its clinical role for oligometastatic disease in four major cancer subtypes: lung, breast, colorectal and prostate. On the basis of the available evidence, SBRT is able to provide high rates of local tumor control without significant toxicity. Its global impact on survival is uncertain; however, in specific subpopulations of oligometastatic patients there is a trend towards a significant improvement in progression-free and overall survival rates; these important data might be used as a platform for clinical decision-making and establish the basis for the current and future prospective trials investigating its role with or without systemic treatments.

PMID: 26962198 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Current Perspective and Future Role in Prevention and Treatment of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Cancer.

The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Current Perspective and Future Role in Prevention and Treatment of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Cancer.

Oncologist. 2016 Mar 9;

Authors: Mensah FA, Mehta MR, Lewis JS, Lockhart AC

Abstract
: The incidences of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal cancer and its precursor lesion, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, are rising in the U.S. and globally. Five-year survival rates with current modalities of treatment for anal cancer are generally favorable for localized and regional disease. For metastatic disease, the relative survival rate is poor. Major contributing factors for the increase in anal cancer incidence include increasing receptive anal intercourse (hetero- and homosexual), increasing HPV infections, and longer life expectancy of treated people who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. Because treatment outcomes with systemic therapy in patients with advanced disease are so poor, prevention may be the best approach for reducing disease burden. The association of a major causative agent with anal cancer provides an excellent opportunity for prevention and treatment. The advent of the HPV vaccine for anal cancer prevention and treatment is a significant milestone and has the potential to greatly impact these cancers. The data regarding potential use of the HPV vaccine in anal cancer prevention and treatment are reviewed.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The incidences of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal cancer and its precursor lesion, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, are on the rise in the U.S. and globally. Based on recent studies, the HPV vaccine is approved for prevention of the infection and development of HPV-related anal cancer. In addition, several small studies have shown that the vaccine may be useful as adjuvant therapy for anal cancer. There is a need for public health strategies aimed at education of both patients and practitioners to improve the use of the vaccine for prevention of HPV-related anal cancer. The development of a therapeutic vaccine is a work in progress.

PMID: 26961923 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Exercise-based pre-habilitation is feasible and effective in radical cystectomy pathways-secondary results from a randomized controlled trial.

Exercise-based pre-habilitation is feasible and effective in radical cystectomy pathways-secondary results from a randomized controlled trial.

Support Care Cancer. 2016 Mar 10;

Authors: Jensen BT, Laustsen S, Jensen JB, Borre M, Petersen AK

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physical exercises offer a variety of health benefits to cancer survivors during and post-treatment. However, exercise-based pre-habilitation is not well reported in major uro-oncology surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, the adherence, and the efficacy of a short-term physical pre-habilitation program to patients with invasive bladder cancer awaiting radical cystectomy (RC).
METHODS: A parent prospective randomized controlled clinical trial investigated efficacy of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on length of stay following RC. A total of 107 patients were included in the intension-to-treat population revealing 50 patients in the intervention group and 57 patients in the standard group. Pre-operatively, the intervention group was instructed to a standardized exercise program consisting of both muscle strength exercises and endurance training. The number of training sessions and exercise repetitions was patient-reported. Feasibility was expressed as adherence to the program and efficacy as the differences in muscle power within and between treatment groups at time for surgery.
RESULTS: A total of 66 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 51; 78) adhered more than 75 % of the recommended progressive standardized exercise program. In the intervention group, a significant improvement in muscle power of 18 % (p < 0.002) was found at time for surgery. Moreover, muscle power was significantly improved compared to that in the standard group with 0.3 W/kg (95 % CI 0.08; 0.5 %) (p < 0.006). Adherence was not associated with pre-operative BMI, nutritional risk, comorbidity, pain, gender, or age.
CONCLUSION: In patients awaiting RC, a short-term exercise-based pre-habilitation intervention is feasible and effective and should be considered in future survivorship strategies.

PMID: 26961741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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International consensus statement regarding the use of animal models for research on anastomoses in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

International consensus statement regarding the use of animal models for research on anastomoses in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2016 Mar 10;

Authors: Bosmans JW, Moossdorff M, Al-Taher M, van Beek L, Derikx JP, Bouvy ND

Abstract
PURPOSE: This project aimed to reach consensus on the most appropriate animal models and outcome measures in research on anastomoses in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The physiology of anastomotic healing remains an important research topic in gastrointestinal surgery. Recent results from experimental studies are limited with regard to comparability and clinical translation.
METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for experimental studies investigating anastomotic healing in the lower GIT published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2014 to assess currently used models. All corresponding authors were invited for a Delphi-based analysis that consisted of two online survey rounds followed by a final online recommendation survey to reach consensus on the discussed topics.
RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-seven original articles were retrieved and 167 articles were included in the systematic review. Mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, and dogs are currently being used as animal models, with a large variety in surgical techniques and outcome measures. Forty-four corresponding authors participated in the Delphi analysis. In the first two rounds, 39/44 and 35/39 participants completed the survey. In the final meeting, 35 experts reached consensus on 76/122 items in six categories. Mouse, rat, and pig are considered appropriate animal models; rabbit and dog should be abandoned in research regarding bowel anastomoses. ARRIVE guidelines should be followed more strictly.
CONCLUSIONS: Consensus was reached on several recommendations for the use of animal models and outcome measurements in research on anastomoses of the lower GIT. Future research should take these suggestions into account to facilitate comparison and clinical translation of results.

PMID: 26960997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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History of ABVD alters the number of oocytes vitrified after in vitro maturation in fertility preservation candidates.

History of ABVD alters the number of oocytes vitrified after in vitro maturation in fertility preservation candidates.

Future Oncol. 2016 Mar 10;

Authors: Sonigo C, Seroka A, Cédrin-Durnerin I, Sermondade N, Sifer C, Grynberg M

Abstract
AIM: This retrospective case-control study aimed at analyzing the results of in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, used for fertility preservation (FP), in patients with history of ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) for classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
PATIENTS & METHODS: A total of 22 candidates for FP, having received ABVD at least 2 years before IVM for FP were studied. IVM results were compared with those of 44 breast cancer patients, without history of chemotherapy, matched for ovarian reserve parameters.
RESULTS: The number of cumulo-oocyte complexes recovered and the total number of matured oocytes vitrified was lower in patients having received AVBD (5.5 ± 4.8 vs 8.5 ± 4.4 oocytes, p = 0.03 and 3.5 ± 3.7 vs 6 ± 3.0 oocytes, p < 0.04 respectively).
CONCLUSION: In light of these results, FP should be discussed before ABVD.

PMID: 26960957 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The performance of model-based versus rule-based phase I clinical trials in oncology : A quantitative comparison of the performance of model-based versus rule-based phase I trials with molecularly targeted anticancer drugs over the last 2 years.

The performance of model-based versus rule-based phase I clinical trials in oncology : A quantitative comparison of the performance of model-based versus rule-based phase I trials with molecularly targeted anticancer drugs over the last 2 years.

J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2016 Mar 10;

Authors: van Brummelen EM, Huitema AD, van Werkhoven E, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH

Abstract
Phase I studies with anticancer drugs are used to evaluate safety and tolerability and to choose a recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Traditionally, phase I trial designs are rule-based, but for several years there is a trend towards model-based designs. Simulations have shown that model-based designs perform better, faster and are safer to establish the RP2D than rule-based designs. However, the superiority of model-based designs has never been confirmed based on true trial performance in practice. To aid evidence-based decisions for designing phase I trials, we compared publications of model-based and rule-based phase I trials in oncology. We reviewed 172 trials that have been published in the last 2 years and assessed the following operating characteristics: efficiency (trial duration, population size, dose-levels), patient safety (dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs)) and treatment optimality (percentage of patients treated below and at or above the recommended phase 2 dose). Our results showed a non-significant but clinically relevant difference in trial duration. Model-based trials needed 10 months less than rule-based trials (26 versus 36 months; p = 0.25). Additionally, fewer patients were treated at dose-levels below the RP2D (31 % versus 40 %; p = 0.73) while safety was preserved (13 % DLTs versus 14 % DLTs). In this review, we provide evidence to encourage the use of model-based designs for future phase I studies, based on a median of 10 months of time gain, acceptable toxicity rates and minimization of suboptimal treatment.

PMID: 26960536 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Efficacy of second-line erlotinib in patients postprogression of first-line chemotherapy in head and neck cancers.

Efficacy of second-line erlotinib in patients postprogression of first-line chemotherapy in head and neck cancers.

Indian J Cancer. 2015 Oct-Dec;52(4):629-31

Authors: Patil V, Karpe A, Noronha V, Joshi A, Muddu V, Bhattacharjee A, Dhumal S, Prabhash K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (gefitinib and erlotinib) have been used in the palliative treatment of head and neck cancers with limited success. In this report, we aim to quantify the symptomatic benefit, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) when erlotinib is given as second-line treatment in Head and neck cancers.
METHODS: This was a post-hoc retrospective analysis of a randomized study comparing metronomic chemotherapy with cisplatin. A patient who progressed on chemotherapy and had a PS0-2 were offered second-line chemotherapy. Patients who had received erlotinib (150 mg PO OD) as second line treatment were selected for this analysis. Erlotinib was discontinued in case of either progression of disease or if the patient had intolerable side effects. Patient were monitored 1-week after the start of erlotinib and subsequently at monthly intervals. The toxicity was recorded in accordance with CTCAE version 4.02 (NCI,USA) and the response were graded in accordance with RECIST version 1.1. All of these patients were followed-up till death.
RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were identified. The median age of these patients at the start of the second line was 47 years (interquartile range 40.5-51.75 years). The primary site of distribution was oral cavity primary in 17 patients (77.3%) and nonoral cavity primary in 05 (22.7%) patients. The immediate last chemotherapy regimen received was cisplatin in 9 patients (40.9%) and metronomic chemotherapy in 13 patients (59.1%). Symptomatic benefits post second-line erlotinib was seen in 18 patients (81.8%). The most common adverse events (any grade) seen were anemia in 20 patients (90.9%), rash in 10 patients (45.5%) and diarrhea in 7 patients (31.8%).The best radiological response documented were a partial response in 04 patients (19.2%). The median estimated PFS and OS were 110 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61-175 days) and 156 days (95% CI: 126-185 days) respectively.
CONCLUSION: Erlotinib single agent has promising activity in the second line and needs to be explored in future studies.

PMID: 26960500 [PubMed - in process]

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Combination of proteasome and HDAC inhibitor enhances HPV16 E7-specific CD8+ T cell immune response and antitumor effects in a preclinical cervical cancer model.

Related Articles

Combination of proteasome and HDAC inhibitor enhances HPV16 E7-specific CD8+ T cell immune response and antitumor effects in a preclinical cervical cancer model.

J Biomed Sci. 2015;22:7

Authors: Huang Z, Peng S, Knoff J, Lee SY, Yang B, Wu TC, Hung CF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, also known as Vorinostat), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, have been recognized as potent chemotherapeutic drugs. Bortezomib and SAHA are FDA-approved for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma/mantle cell lymphoma, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of the bortezomib and SAHA has been tested in a variety of preclinical models and in clinical trials and may be ideal for the treatment of cancer. However, it remains unclear how this treatment strategy affects the host immune response against tumors.
RESULTS: Here, we used a well-defined E6/E7-expressing tumor model to examine how the immune system can be motivated to act against tumor cells expressing tumor antigens. We demonstrate that the combination of bortezomib and SAHA elicits potent antitumor effects in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, we are the first to show that treatment with bortezomib and SAHA leads to tumor-specific immunity by rendering tumor cells more susceptible to killing by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells than treatment with either drug alone.
CONCLUSIONS: The current study serves an important foundation for the future clinical application of both drugs for the treatment of cervical cancer.

PMID: 25591912 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The Odorant Receptor-Dependent Role of Olfactory Marker Protein in Olfactory Receptor Neurons.

The Odorant Receptor-Dependent Role of Olfactory Marker Protein in Olfactory Receptor Neurons.

J Neurosci. 2016 Mar 9;36(10):2995-3006

Authors: Dibattista M, Reisert J

Abstract
UNLABELLED: Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the nasal cavity detect and transduce odorants into action potentials to be conveyed to the olfactory bulb. Odorants are delivered to ORNs via the inhaled air at breathing frequencies that can vary from 2 to 10 Hz in the mouse. Thus olfactory transduction should occur at sufficient speed such that it can accommodate repetitive and frequent stimulation. Activation of odorant receptors (ORs) leads to adenylyl cyclase III activation, cAMP increase, and opening of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. This makes the kinetic regulation of cAMP one of the important determinants for the response time course. We addressed the dynamic regulation of cAMP during the odorant response and examined how basal levels of cAMP are controlled. The latter is particularly relevant as basal cAMP depends on the basal activity of the expressed OR and thus varies across ORNs. We found that olfactory marker protein (OMP), a protein expressed in mature ORNs, controls both basal and odorant-induced cAMP levels in an OR-dependent manner. Lack of OMP increases basal cAMP, thus abolishing differences in basal cAMP levels between ORNs expressing different ORs. Moreover, OMP speeds up signal transduction for ORNs to better synchronize their output with high-frequency stimulation and to perceive brief stimuli. Last, OMP also steepens the dose-response relation to improve concentration coding although at the cost of losing responses to weak stimuli. We conclude that OMP plays a key regulatory role in ORN physiology by controlling multiple facets of the odorant response.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Odorant receptors (ORs) form the largest family of G-protein-coupled receptors in mammals and are expressed in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). In this paper we show how the olfactory system ensures that monogenic expression of ORs dictates the response profile and the basal noise of ORNs. Olfactory marker protein (OMP), a protein long known to be expressed in mature ORNs, is responsible for controlling appropriate cAMP homeostasis and dynamics to ensure that the expressed OR is the main source of noise. In addition, OMP regulates the dynamic range of ORNs in an OR-dependent way to allow for concentration-dependent odor coding.

PMID: 26961953 [PubMed - in process]

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A computer-guided minimally invasive technique for orthodontic forced eruption of impacted canines.

A computer-guided minimally invasive technique for orthodontic forced eruption of impacted canines.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Mar 10;

Authors: BERTELé M, Minniti PP, Dalessandri D, Bonetti S, Visconti L, Paganelli C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop a computer-guided minimally invasive protocol for the surgical application of an orthodontic traction during the forced eruption of an impacted canine.
METHODS: 3Diagnosys® software was used to evaluate impacted canines position and to plan the surgical access, taking into account soft and hard tissues thickness, orthodontic traction path and presence of possible obstacles. Geomagic® software was used for reverse engineering and RhinocerosTM software was employed as three-dimensional modeller in preparing individualized surgical guides. Surgical access was gained flapless through the use of a mucosal punch for soft tissues, followed by a trephine bur with a pre-adjusted stop for bone path creation. A diamond bur mounted on SONICflex® 2003/L handpiece was used to prepare a 2 mm deep calibrated hole into the canine enamel where a titanium screw connected with a stainless steel ligature was screwed. In-vitro pull-out tests, radiological and SEM analysis were realized in order to investigate screw stability and position.
RESULTS: In two out of ten samples the screw was removed after the application of a 1 kg pull-out force. Radiological and SEM analysis demonstrated that all the screws were inserted into the enamel without affecting dentine integrity.
CONCLUSION: This computer-guided minimally invasive technique allowed a precise and reliable positioning of screws utilized during the orthodontic traction of impacted canines.

PMID: 26963945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Low level laser therapy in non-surgical management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws.

Low level laser therapy in non-surgical management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Mar 10;

Authors: Moreschi C, CAPPARé P, Meleti M, Vescovi P, Bonanini M, Gherlone EF, Gastaldi G

PMID: 26963944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Analysis of audio-vestibular assessment in acute low-tone hearing loss.

Analysis of audio-vestibular assessment in acute low-tone hearing loss.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 10;:1-6

Authors: Im GJ, Kim SK, Choi J, Song JJ, Chae SW, Jung HH

Abstract
Conclusion This study demonstrated excellent hearing recovery following the combined treatment of diuretic and oral steroid, and electrocochleography (ECoG) was significantly higher than normal side. This study reports characteristics of acute low-tone hearing loss (ALHL) that show the greater low-tone hearing loss, the higher ECoG, and excellent recovery, even-though low-tone hearing loss is worse, which can be different compared with sudden deafness. Objective To analyze ALHL without vertigo, this study compared the ALHL group with all patients exhibiting low-tone hearing loss and ear fullness. Hearing changes and vestibular functions were analyzed. Materials and methods ALHL was defined as a mean hearing loss of ≥ 30 dB at 125, 250, and 500 Hz, and ≤ 20 dB at 2, 4, and 8 kHz. From 156 cases of low-tone hearing loss of more than 10 dB without vertigo, 31 met the ALHL criteria and were subjected to audio-vestibular assessments including PTA, ECoG, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing, and caloric testing. Results In ALHL, low-tone hearing loss was 42.7 ± 9.5 dB, and 83.9% of ALHL significantly recovered by more than 10 dB. The ECoG in ALHL was 0.334 ± 0.11 (higher than 0.25 ± 0.08 on the normal side) and ECoG abnormality was 35.5% (the greater low-tone hearing loss, the higher ECoG value).

PMID: 26963446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Does iron deficiency anemia affect olfactory function?

Does iron deficiency anemia affect olfactory function?

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 10;:1-4

Authors: Dinc ME, Dalgic A, Ulusoy S, Dizdar D, Develioglu O, Topak M

Abstract
Conclusion This study found a negative effect of IDA on olfactory function. IDA leads to a reduction in olfactory function, and decreases in hemoglobin levels result in further reduction in olfactory function. Objective This study examined the effects of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) on olfactory function. Method The study enrolled 50 IDA patients and 50 healthy subjects. Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test. The diagnosis of IDA was made according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results Patients with IDA had a significantly lower threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) value, and a lower threshold compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of smell selectivity values.

PMID: 26963317 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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PARP-1-modulated AIF translocation is involved in streptomycin-induced cochlear hair cell death.

PARP-1-modulated AIF translocation is involved in streptomycin-induced cochlear hair cell death.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 10;:1-6

Authors: Song Y, Fan Z, Bai X, Liu W, Han Y, Xu L, Wang M, Li J, Zheng Q, Zhang D, Wang H

Abstract
Conclusion SM-induced dose- and location-dependent cochlear hair cell death in vitro. AIF might be translocated from mitochondria to nucleus and cytoplasm within SM-treated hair cells. The translocation of AIF might be modulated by PARP-1. Objective Streptomycin (SM), one of the widely used aminoglycoside nowadays, is still causing significant permanent sensorineural hearing loss owing to sensory hair cell death. This study was designed to investigate the role of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), an important mitochondrial cell death regulator, in SM ototoxicity within neonatal rat cochleae and HEI-OC1 cells. Methods The viability of HEI-OC1 cells was quantified by MTT assay. AIF, PARP-1, and myosin VIIa distributions were achieved by immunofluorescence. mRNA and protein expression of AIF and PARP-1 were examined by q-PCR and Western-blot. Results The hair cell loss was concomitant with the SM concentration variation, and aggravated from apical to basal turn. AIF was detected in nuclear region and AIF mRNA was up-regulated after SM incubation. Besides, AIF protein expression in mitochondria was decreased, whereas in cytosol it was increased. PARP-1 mRNA and protein were also up-regulated. 3-AB could attenuate the cell death and reverse the changes of AIF distribution by blocking PARP-1.

PMID: 26963167 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Radiosensitizing effect of irisquinone on glioma through the downregulation of HIF-1α evaluated by 18F-FDG and 18F-FMISO PET/CT.

Radiosensitizing effect of irisquinone on glioma through the downregulation of HIF-1α evaluated by 18F-FDG and 18F-FMISO PET/CT.

Nucl Med Commun. 2016 Mar 9;

Authors: Wang H, Zhang Y, Yu W, Zhao X, Xue Y, Xu H

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the radiosensitizing mechanism of irisquinone (IQ) and evaluate the utility of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) and F-fluoromisonidazole (F-FMISO) PET/computed tomography (CT) in assessing the radiosensitizing effect of IQ.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an in-vitro experiment, C6 rat glioma cells were treated with IQ, radiation, or both. The viability and radiosensitivity of C6 cells were detected using the MTT assay and clonogenic survival assay. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot. In an in-vivo experiment, C6 rat glioma cells were implanted into the right flank of rats and treated with IQ, radiation, both, or no treatment. F-FDG and F-FMISO PET/CT images were obtained before and after treatment. The expression of HIF-1α was detected by immunohistochemistry staining.
RESULTS: In the in-vitro experiment, the results of the MTT assay showed that the half-inhibition concentration (IC50) of IQ for normoxic and hypoxic C6 tumor cells was 17.2 and 21.0 nmol/l, respectively. Clonogenic survival assay showed that IQ could improve the radiosensitivity of both normoxic and hypoxic C6 tumor cells. When the concentration of irradiation was 20% IC50 (4.2 nmol/l), the sensitive enhancement ratio of normoxic and hypoxic C6 tumor cells was 1.18 and 1.33, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α decreased significantly when treated with IQ plus radiation compared with the other groups.In the in-vivo experiment, 24 or 48 h after different treatments, the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of F-FDG or F-FMISO uptake decreased in the radiation group and the IQ plus radiation group, whereas these values increased in the control and IQ groups. The SUVmax of F-FDG or F-FMISO uptake in IQ plus radiation group were lower than those of the radiation group (t=3.28, 2.62, P<0.05). However, there was no significant decrease in tumor volumes in the radiation group and the IQ plus radiation treatment group early after treatment.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that there were significant differences in the expression of HIF-1α in the four groups (F=87.1, P<0.01). The SUVmax of both F-FDG and F-FMISO uptake showed a significant correlation with the expression of HIF-1α. F-FMISO provided a higher correlation coefficient with HIF-1α than F-FDG (r=0.93, 0.82, P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: The present experiments indicated that IQ enhanced the radiosensitivity of C6 rat glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The primary mechanism of this radiosensitizing effect involves the downregulation of HIF-1α. F-FDG and F-FMISO PET/CT were sensitive and noninvasive for monitoring the early radiosensitizing effect of IQ. Meanwhile, F-FMISO PET/CT provided more information on the changes in tumor hypoxic status.

PMID: 26963468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clinical significance of thyroid incidentalomas identified by 18F-FDG PET/CT: correlation of ultrasonograpy findings with cytology results.

Clinical significance of thyroid incidentalomas identified by 18F-FDG PET/CT: correlation of ultrasonograpy findings with cytology results.

Nucl Med Commun. 2016 Mar 9;

Authors: Demir Ö, Köse N, Özkan E, Ünlütürk U, Aras G, Erdoğan MF

Abstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical importance of incidental focal or diffuse fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake in the thyroid gland on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate the additive value of thyroid ultrasonography (US) in defining the malignancy potential of thyroid incidentalomas.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1450 patients, who had undergone a PET/CT scan for staging or restaging of various malignancies, were screened retrospectively and 52 (3.6%) patients with focal or diffuse F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland on PET/CT were enrolled in the study. None of the patients had any history of thyroid diseases. Thyroid US with elastography for a thyroid nodule was performed for all the patients cross-sectionally. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was also applied at the same time as the thyroid US to 34 patients with a nodule(s) 10 mm or more in diameter or less than 10 mm, but with malignancy potential ultrasonographically. The cytology results were compared with the thyroid US and F-FDG PET/CT findings.
RESULTS: Although 39 patients had focal (group 1) F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland, the remaining 13 patients had diffuse (group 2) uptake. In group 1, FNAB was performed in 32 patients. In 10 of 32 (31%) patients, FNAB results were concordant with malignant cytology (seven primary thyroid malignancy and three metastasis to thyroid). In group 2, in one of two patients who had undergone FNAB, malignant cytology (metastasis to thyroid) was detected. Although the difference between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of malignant and benign nodules was statistically significant (10.2±8.9 vs. 5.6±3.0, P=0.013), the difference between the nodule sizes was not statistically significant (20.0±7.3 vs. 16.7±7.4, P=0.923). The presence of suspicious US findings and a high elastography score (≥4) were also statistically significant (P<0.001 and P=0.035, respectively). In the receiver-operator characteristic analysis, a 5.3 cut-off SUVmax was calculated with 82% sensitivity and 65% specificity for predicting malignant cytology.
CONCLUSION: Focal F-FDG uptake was associated with a higher prevalence of malignant thyroid nodule compared with diffuse F-FDG uptake. In particular, if a focal thyroid incidentaloma with high SUVmax (>5.5), suspicious US findings, and a high elastography score (≥4) is detected, a pathological diagnosis, either by histology or by cytology examination, should be made, especially when the patient has a long life expectancy.

PMID: 26963467 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevention of Tetanus Outbreak Following Natural Disaster in Indonesia: Lessons Learned from Previous Disasters.

Prevention of Tetanus Outbreak Following Natural Disaster in Indonesia: Lessons Learned from Previous Disasters.

Tohoku J Exp Med. 2016;238(3):219-27

Authors: Pascapurnama DN, Murakami A, Chagan-Yasutan H, Hattori T, Sasaki H, Egawa S

Abstract
In Indonesia, the Aceh earthquake and tsunami in 2004 killed 127,000 people and caused half a million injuries, while the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006 caused 5,700 deaths and 37,000 injuries. Because disaster-affected areas are vulnerable to epidemic-prone diseases and tetanus is one such disease that is preventable, we systematically reviewed the literature related to tetanus outbreaks following previous two natural disasters in Indonesia. Based on our findings, recommendations for proper vaccination and education can be made for future countermeasures. Using specified keywords related to tetanus and disasters, relevant documents were screened from PubMed, the WHO website, and books. Reports offering limited data and those released before 2004 were excluded. In all, 16 publications were reviewed systematically. Results show that 106 cases of tetanus occurred in Aceh, with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 18.9%; 71 cases occurred in Yogyakarta, with CFR of 36.6%. For both outbreaks, most patients had been wounded during scavenging or evacuation after the disaster occurred. Poor access to health care because of limited transportation or hospital facilities, and low vaccination coverage and lack of awareness of tetanus risk contributed to delayed treatment and case severity. Tetanus outbreaks after disasters are preventable by increasing vaccination coverage, improving wound care treatment, and establishing a regular surveillance system, in addition to good practices of disaster management and supportive care following national guidelines. Furthermore, health education for communities should be provided to raise awareness of tetanus risk reduction.

PMID: 26960530 [PubMed - in process]

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Giant Cervico-mediastinal Well-differentiated Liposarcoma.

Related Articles

Giant Cervico-mediastinal Well-differentiated Liposarcoma.

Heart Lung Circ. 2015 Jul;24(7):e112-4

Authors: Rena O, Davoli F, Pia F, Roncon A, Papalia E, Casadio C

Abstract
Liposarcomas are rare entities and those located in the neck and mediastinum are exceptional. We report the case of a 58 year-old Caucasian male who presented with dysphonia, mild dysphagia to solids, dyspnoea at exertion and cough due to a giant mass of the neck originating from the deep cervical space at C6 vertebral level spreading into the posterior mediastinum. The lesion, that was associated with a right vocal cord palsy, caused severe lateral displacement of the trachea and oesophagus. The case has been managed by complete surgical resection through a combined cervical and thoracic approach associated with a tracheostomy due to the risk of bilateral recurrent nerve dysfunction at the end of the intervention. The tumour was diagnosed as a encapsulated low-grade liposarcoma. Six months after surgery the tracheostomy was closed. At 24 months clinical and radiological follow-up the patient is doing well and disease free.

PMID: 25837020 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Differences in views of experts about their role in particulate matter policy advice: Empirical evidence from an international expert consultation

Spruijt, P; Knol, AB; Petersen, AC; Lebret, E; (2016) Differences in views of experts about their role in particulate matter policy advice: Empirical evidence from an international expert consultation. Environmental Science and Policy , 59 pp. 44-52. 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.02.003 . Green open access

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Proof-of-concept: neonatal intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus vectors results in successful transduction of myenteric and submucosal neurons in the mouse small and large intestine

Buckinx, R; Van Remoortel, S; Gijsbers, R; Waddington, SN; Timmermans, JP; (2016) Proof-of-concept: neonatal intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus vectors results in successful transduction of myenteric and submucosal neurons in the mouse small and large intestine. Neurogastroenterology & Motility , 28 (2) pp. 299-305. 10.1111/nmo.12724 . Green open access

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Relationship of glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic episodes to 4-year cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin

Freemantle, N; Danchin, N; Calvi-Gries, F; Vincent, M; Home, PD; (2016) Relationship of glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic episodes to 4-year cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism , 18 (2) pp. 152-158. 10.1111/dom.12598 . Green open access

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Gene Therapy with Adeno-associated Virus for Cystic Fibrosis

Karda, R; Buckley, SM; Waddington, SN; (2016) Gene Therapy with Adeno-associated Virus for Cystic Fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 193 (3) pp. 234-236. 10.1164/rccm.201510-2024ED .

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National administrative data produces an accurate and stable risk prediction model for short-term and 1-year mortality following cardiac surgery

Aktuerk, D; McNulty, D; Ray, D; Begaj, I; Howell, N; Freemantle, N; Pagano, D; (2016) National administrative data produces an accurate and stable risk prediction model for short-term and 1-year mortality following cardiac surgery. International Journal of Cardiology , 203 pp. 196-203. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.086 .

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Ablation Of Neuropilin 1 From Glioma-Associated Microglia And Macrophages Slows Tumor Progression

Miyauchi, JT; Nissen, JC; Chen, D; Shroyer, KR; Djordjevic, S; Zachary, IC; Selwood, D; Miyauchi, JT; Nissen, JC; Chen, D; Shroyer, KR; Djordjevic, S; Zachary, IC; Selwood, D; Tsirka, SE; - view fewer (2016) Ablation Of Neuropilin 1 From Glioma-Associated Microglia And Macrophages Slows Tumor Progression. Oncotarget , 7 (9) pp. 9801-9814. 10.18632/oncotarget.6877 . Green open access

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Structural Studies of Neuropilin-2 Reveal a Zinc Ion Binding Site Away from the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Binding Pocket

Tsai, Y; Fotinou, C; Rana, R; Yelland, T; Frankel, P; Zachary, I; Djordjevic, S; (2016) Structural Studies of Neuropilin-2 Reveal a Zinc Ion Binding Site Away from the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Binding Pocket. FEBS Journal (In press).

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The long and short term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive decline

Cadar, D; Pikhart, H; Mishra, G; Richards, M; The long and short term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive decline. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 65 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.75 .

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The 'W' prawn-trawl with emphasised drag-force transfer to its centre line to reduce overall system drag

Balash, C; Sterling, D; Binns, J; Thomas, G; Bose, N; (2015) The 'W' prawn-trawl with emphasised drag-force transfer to its centre line to reduce overall system drag. PLoS ONE , 10 (3) , Article e0119622. 10.1371/journal.pone.0119622 . Green open access

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Electromagnetic induction imaging with a radio-frequency atomic magnetometer

Deans, C; Marmugi, L; Hussain, S; Renzoni, F; (2016) Electromagnetic induction imaging with a radio-frequency atomic magnetometer. Applied Physics Letters , 108 (10) , Article 103503. 10.1063/1.4943659 . Green open access

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Evaluating the impact of a community-based cancer awareness roadshow on awareness, attitudes and behaviors

Smith, SG; Osborne, K; Tring, S; George, H; Power, E; (2016) Evaluating the impact of a community-based cancer awareness roadshow on awareness, attitudes and behaviors. Preventive Medicine , 87 pp. 138-143. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.034 . Green open access

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A brief review on graphene/inorganic nanostructure composites: materials for the future

Abstract

The exotic physical properties of graphene have led to intense research activities on the synthesis and characterization of graphene composites during the last decade. The methods developed for preparation of such materials and the different application areas are reviewed. Mainly the inorganic nanostructure/graphene composites have been discussed. The techniques of ex-situ and in-situ hybridization respectively, have been pointed out. Some of the application areas such as batteries, ultracapacitors for energy storage, fuel cells and solar cells for energy generation are discussed. The possible future directions of research are highlighted.

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A prospective multicenter study of intermittent chemotherapy with docetaxel and prednisolone for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

A prospective multicenter study of intermittent chemotherapy with docetaxel and prednisolone for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 8;

Authors: Narita S, Koie T, Yamada S, Orikasa K, Matsuo S, Aoki H, Ishidoya S, Hoshi S, Tsuchiya N, Ohyama C, Arai Y, Habuchi T

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The optimal schedule of docetaxel chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer is unknown, although continuous administration is accepted as the standard. We conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the outcome of intermittent docetaxel and prednisolone therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
METHODS: The patients were treated using a 28-day cycle of docetaxel (70 mg/m(2) on Day 1) and oral prednisolone (10 mg/day). After three consecutive administrations of docetaxel, a holiday was taken until prostate specific antigen levels returned to the baseline. The therapy was continued intermittently until the disease progressed, drug toxicity occurred, or the patients refused further treatment. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Time to treatment failure, adverse events, the duration of chemotherapy holiday and quality of life were also evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were enrolled. The median age and pretreatment prostate specific antigen level were 72 years and 37.5 ng/ml, respectively. Sixty (50.0%) patients resumed chemotherapy after the first holiday, and a maximum of six courses were administered to four patients. The median period of the first, second and third-to-fifth holiday was 18.6, 11.0 and 4.9 weeks, respectively. Toxicity was moderate, except for two fatal adverse events. The median time to treatment failure and overall survival from the initiation of docetaxel and prednisolone therapy in all patients were 17.5 and 35.0 months, respectively. All quality-of-life scores were unchanged statistically from the start of docetaxel and prednisolone therapy to the beginning of the second course.
CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent docetaxel and prednisolone therapy might be a feasible treatment option for castration-resistant prostate cancer with comparable outcome and successful chemotherapy holidays.

PMID: 26962246 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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SonoTip Pro EBUS-TBNA needle-the need for comparative studies with the Vizishot 21 gauge needle.

SonoTip Pro EBUS-TBNA needle-the need for comparative studies with the Vizishot 21 gauge needle.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 8;

Authors: Medford AR

PMID: 26962245 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Predictive value of radiological response rate for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and post-cystectomy survival of bladder urothelial cancer.

Predictive value of radiological response rate for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and post-cystectomy survival of bladder urothelial cancer.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 8;

Authors: Fukui T, Matsui Y, Umeoka S, Inoue T, Kamba T, Togashi K, Ogawa O, Kobayashi T

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of the radiological response rate assessed by serial pelvic computed tomography scans for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and clinical outcomes after radical cystectomy in bladder urothelial cancer patients.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 59 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pretreatment and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy computed tomography scans were evaluated by a single radiologist to determine the radiological response rate based on the largest diameter of the primary tumor. Association of the radiological response rate with pathological findings of the radical cystectomy specimen and post-radical cystectomy clinical outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS: The pathological complete response rate was 25% (n = 15) and the median (range) radiological response rate was 0.58 (0.00-1.00). The radiological response rate was significantly associated with ≤pT1. Patients with pathological downstaging to ≤pTa/is or pT1, compared with those with pT2≤ tumor, had significantly better post-radical cystectomy recurrence-free survival (2-year survival 92.0, 88.9, 36.8%, respectively, P < 0.0001), disease-specific survival (2-year survival 95.8, 88.9, 47.3%, respectively, P < 0.0001) and overall survival (2-year survival 91.7, 88.9, 40.1%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Patients with a higher radiological response rate (≥0.57) had significantly better post-radical cystectomy recurrence-free survival (2-year survival 89.7 vs. 48.1%, P = 0.0011), disease-specific survival (2-year survival 93.2 vs. 48.2%, P < 0.0001) and overall survival (2-year survival 90.0 vs. 39.0%, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the radiological response rate was an independent predictor for favorable pT stage and recurrence-free survival.
CONCLUSION: The radiological response rate determined by pretreatment and post-chemotherapy computed tomography scans predicts the pathological outcome and post-radical cystectomy prognosis, which is clinically relevant and useful for patient counselling and decision-making.

PMID: 26962244 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Repeated biopsy results.

Repeated biopsy results.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 8;

Authors: Miyamoto S

PMID: 26962243 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The magnitude of best tumor shrinkage during second-line targeted therapy affects progression-free survival but not overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The magnitude of best tumor shrinkage during second-line targeted therapy affects progression-free survival but not overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 8;

Authors: Ishihara H, Kondo T, Omae K, Takagi T, Izuka J, Kobayashi H, Tanabe K

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the magnitude of best tumor shrinkage during second-line targeted therapy after first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure on metastatic renal cell carcinoma prognosis.
METHODS: Fifty-two patients were enrolled. The magnitude of tumor shrinkage was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v. 1.1, and evaluated as a continuous variable and by categorical classification: good responders (greater than or equal to -30%), mild responders (-0.1 to -29.9%), poor responders (0 to +19.9%) and non-responders (greater than or equal to +20% or new lesions). Overall survival and progression-free survival after second-line therapy initiation were evaluated according to the categorical classification. Factors predicting overall survival and progression-free survival were also examined.
RESULTS: The mean magnitude of tumor shrinkage was -1.29%, and there were 9, 21, 11 and 11 good responders, mild responders, poor responders and non-responders, respectively. The overall survival and progression-free survival significantly improved as the magnitude of tumor shrinkage increased according to the categorical classification (overall survival: not reached, 27.8, 18.2 and 4.67 months; progression-free survival: 13.4, 8.19, 5.18 and 1.84 months, respectively; P< 0.0001 for both). For overall survival, the magnitude of tomor shrinkage was not demonstrated as an independent indicator in the multivariate analysis (P= 0.0872 for the categorical classification, P= 0.133 for the continuous variable) whereas for second-line progression-free survival, the magnitude of tumor shrinkage according to both the categorical classification and continuous variable was found to be an independent factor in the multivariate analysis (P< 0.0001 for both).
CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of tumor shrinkage is an independent predictive factor for progression-free survival, and may represent a surrogate marker for overall survival.

PMID: 26962242 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Patient age was an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival in male patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated by radical nephroureterectomy.

Patient age was an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival in male patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated by radical nephroureterectomy.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 9;

Authors: Kobayashi H, Kikuchi E, Tanaka N, Shirotake S, Miyazaki Y, Ide H, Obata J, Hoshino K, Matsumoto K, Kaneko G, Hagiwara M, Kosaka T, Oyama M, Nakajima Y, Oya M

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that there may be a prognostic difference in age between the genders and evaluated the influence of gender-adjusted age on prognosis in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients.
METHODS: A total of 839 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma from a retrospective multi-institutional cohort were included. The patients were divided into four groups consisting of males (N = 610) and females (N = 229) according to age ((i) <60 years, (ii) 60-69.9 years, (iii) 70-79.9 years and (iv) ≥80 years), and we evaluated the associations of patient age and gender with clinicopathological features and oncological outcomes following radical nephroureterectomy. The median follow-up duration was 34 months.
RESULTS: Disease recurrence occurred in 249 patients and 192 patients died of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The 3-year cancer-specific survival rates were (i) 84.3%, (ii) 80.2%, (iii) 77.1% and (iv) 71.5% in the entire patient population (P = 0.001); (i) 84.5%, (ii) 81.1%, (iii) 76.8% and (iv) 69.7% in males (P = 0.010); and (i) 83.3%, (ii) 76.9%, (iii) 77.7% and (iv) 72.9% in females (P = 0.287), respectively. No significant differences between disease recurrence and age were found in the male or female population. In multivariate analysis, older age was an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival, in addition to advanced pT stage, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement in males. In contrast, age was not associated with cancer-specific survival in females, while high grade, advanced pT stage, the presence of lymph node involvement and multifocal tumor were independent predictors.
CONCLUSION: The results indicate that gender-adjusted age might be a new prognostic factor in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients.

PMID: 26962241 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Evolving role of radiopharmaceuticals in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Evolving role of radiopharmaceuticals in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2016 Mar 10;

Authors: Wu L, Shen F, Xia Y, Yang YF

Abstract
The global incidence of primary liver cancer has increased during recent decades. Among the primary liver malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as the most prevalent and aggressive. Although HCC has come to be regarded as a radioresponsive tumor during the last decade, it has also been noted that the ability to deliver destructive radioactive doses exclusively to HCC is limited with conventional external irradiation techniques. This review examines a number of radiotherapeutic techniques used to treat HCC, and the radiopharmaceuticals associated with those techniques. Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) is a powerful therapeutic technique developed during recent decades that is increasingly used in HCC treatment due to its superior ability to target and destroy cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. The radiopharmaceuticals used in SIRT are usually comprised of a simple ion and a complex or a carrier. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a technique that is increasingly used in adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy following the surgical treatment of HCC, as well as the treatment of unresectable or untransplantable HCC. The primary radiopharmaceuticals used in TARE include Iodine-131-labeled Lipiodol and Yttrium-90 microspheres. Radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) is currently used as targeted procedure for adjuvant therapy and combination therapy of HCC. The primary radiopharmaceutical used in RAIT is 131I-metuximab. Interstitial brachytherapy has also been the subject of recent HCC treatment investigations. The primary radiopharmaceuticals used in interstitial brachytherapy are implanted iodine-125 seed strands. This review surveys the important milestones in the development and clinical implementation of the radiopharmaceuticals used in HCC therapy and critically examines new and emerging trends for the delivery of radiopharmaceuticals to HCC tissues.

PMID: 26961314 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Changing trends in the management of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in Korea.

Changing trends in the management of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in Korea.

Endocr J. 2016 Mar 9;

Authors: Lee YS, Chang HS, Park CS

Abstract
A questionnaire administered in 2009 found that members of the Korean Association of Thyroid-Endocrine Surgeons (KATES) favored more aggressive treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) than physicians from other countries. This study assessed the changes in practical management of WDTC in Korea from the previous survey. Questionnaires were sent by e-mail to KATES members. A total of 101 members completed the questionnaire. Their responses were compared with response for the 2009 survey. Of the respondents, 53.5% and 80.2% indicated that they would perform fine-needle aspiration cytology on nodules that were <0.5 cm and 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter, respectively. If the cytology was positive, a large number of respondents favored surgical treatment, regardless of tumor size. Compared with the 2009 survey, a slightly higher percentage favored observation for patients with tumors that were <0.5 cm in diameter, and a larger percentage recommended less-than-total thyroidectomy for patients with T1 cancers. Respondents in 2014 favored aggressive lymph node dissection less, irrespective of tumor size, preferring short-term treatment with thyroid stimulating hormone suppressors. The percentage preferring postoperative high-dose radioactive iodine therapy slightly increased, whereas the percentage favoring external irradiation decreased, in 2014 compared with 2009. The management of Korean patients with WDTC changed from 2009 to 2014. In 2009, Korean respondents favored more aggressive treatment of WDTC compared with respondents from other countries. In 2014, however, Korean respondents favored a more conservative approach, especially in patients with microcarcinomas.

PMID: 26961223 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Perforative peritonitis--gastrointestinal tract may not always be the source

Indian Journal of Surgery

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Use of intravenous fat emulsion in the emergency department for the critically ill poisoned patient

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Human temperatures for syndromic surveillance in the emergency department: data from the autumn wave of the 2009 swine flu (H1N1) pandemic and a seasonal influenza outbreak

BMC Emergency Medicine

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Do gun restrictions help reduce gun deaths?

Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health News

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Investigation of postoperative oral fluid intake as a predictor of postoperative emergency department visits after pediatric tonsillectomy

JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery

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Early coagulopathy and metabolic acidosis predict transfusion of packed red blood cells in pediatric trauma patients

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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Orbital compartment syndrome due to acute hemorrhage within an orbital lymphatic malformation: emergency treatment with percutaneous sclerotherapy

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

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Young people after Obamacare: Some ER visits down, others way up

American College of Emergency Physicians News

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Federally mandating motorcycle helmets in the United States

BMC Public Health

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Multimodal care for the management of musculoskeletal disorders of the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand: a systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

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Is intracranial pressure monitoring of patients with diffuse traumatic brain injury valuable? an observational multicenter study

Neurosurgery

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