Historical overview of lymphangiogenesis

Domenico Ribatti

https://ift.tt/2x1cHVa

Autophagy and MHC-restricted antigen presentation

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 99
Author(s): Jan Valečka, Catarina R. Almeida, Bing Su, Philippe Pierre, Evelina Gatti
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptide antigens to T lymphocytes and initiate immune responses. The peptides loaded onto MHC class I or MHC class II molecules can be derived from cytosolic proteins, both self and foreign. A variety of cellular processes, including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, and autophagy, play critical roles in presentation of these antigens. We discuss the role of autophagy, a major intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes in both MHC class I and II-restricted antigen presentation. We propose the new term "Type 2 cross-presentation" (CP2) to define the autophagy-dependent processes leading to MHC II-restricted presentation of intracellular antigens by professional antigen presenting cells. A better understanding of Type 2 cross-presentation may guide future efforts to control the immune system through autophagy manipulation.



https://ift.tt/2IAUI9p

The expanding role of murine class Ib MHC in the development and activation of Natural Killer cells

Publication date: Available online 20 May 2018
Source:Molecular Immunology
Author(s): Katharine J. Goodall, Angela Nguyen, Lucy C. Sullivan, Daniel M. Andrews
Major Histocompatibility Complex-I (MHC-I) molecules can be divided into class Ia and class Ib, with three distinct class Ib families found in the mouse. These families are designated as Q, T and M and are largely unexplored in terms of their immunological function. Among the class Ib MHC, H2-T23 (Qa-1b) has been a significant target for Natural Killer (NK) cell research, owing to its homology with the human class Ib human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E. However, recent data has indicated that members of the Q and M family of class Ib MHC also play a critical role in the development and regulation NK cells. Here we discuss the recent advances in the control of NK cells by murine class Ib MHC as a means to stimulate further exploration of these molecules.



https://ift.tt/2LgOltI

Hydrochlorothiazide and risk of hearing disorder: a case series

Hydrochlorothiazide is not known to cause hearing disorder. The Eritrean Pharmacovigilance Centre, however, has received cases of hearing disorder, including irreversible deafness, associated with hydrochlorot...

https://ift.tt/2kchfys

Hyperostotic esthesioneuroblastoma as a fibrous dysplasia mimicker

Publication date: Available online 19 May 2018
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Christian Calvo-Henríquez, Gabriel Martínez-Capoccioni, Aldo Rosario-Ortiz




https://ift.tt/2GC0eqi

Quantification of the ω5- and γ-gliadin content in wheat flour and rat plasma with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antibodies specific to their IgE-binding epitopes

Publication date: Available online 19 May 2018
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Tomoharu Yokooji, Hitomi Nouma, Ryohei Ogino, Takanori Taogoshi, Eishin Morita, Hiroaki Matsuo




https://ift.tt/2wVigUS

Toxicological Assessment of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich.) Engl. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract in Rats: Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Studies

Pseudospondias microcarpa is used traditionally for treating various diseases. However, although parts of the plant are extensively used in African traditional medicine, no scientific study has been reported on its toxicity. Therefore, this study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of P. microcarpa in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (120–150 g) were treated orally with the extract (30, 100, 300, 1000, and 3000 mg kg−1) or distilled water (10 ml kg−1) for 2 weeks and observed daily for general appearance and signs of toxicity. In addition, blood was collected for both biochemical and haematological assays. Sections of tissues from liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and stomach were also used for histopathological examination. Administration of the extract for 14 consecutive days caused no deaths, with an LD50 above 3000 mg kg−1. Except for lymphocytes (%) that showed a significant decrease (, ), all other haematological parameters remained unaffected by the extract. The extract at 100 mg kg−1 showed a significant decrease in the levels of triglyceride and very-low-density lipoproteins (both at ). Weight change as well as histological evaluation of the organs indicated no toxicity. The study demonstrates that an ethanolic extract of P. microcarpa given orally to rats is safe.

https://ift.tt/2GxKULz