Liposarcoma

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
Author(s): Aimee M. Crago, Mark A. Dickson

Teaser

There are 3 biologic groups of liposarcoma: well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. In all 3 groups, complete surgical resection is central in treatment aimed at cure and is based on grade. Radiation can reduce risk of local recurrence in high-grade lesions or minimize surgical morbidity in the myxoid/round cell liposarcoma group. The groups differ in chemosensitivity, so adjuvant chemotherapy is selectively used in histologies with metastatic potential but not in the resistant subtype dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Improved understanding of the genetic aberrations that lead to liposarcoma initiation is allowing for the rapid development of targeted therapies for liposarcoma.


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Acute pancreatitis: An unusual cause of esophageal stricture

A 25 year-old gentleman with alcohol related acute pancreatitis of 2 month-duration was symptomatic with abdominal pain and fever. Initially, the patient had required admission in ICU for persistent acute lung injury and was diagnosed to have severe acute pancreatitis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen revealed acute necrotizing pancreatitis with peri-pancreatic necrotic collection extending into left paracolic gutter with air foci. He received intravenous meropenem for pancreatic infection, proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis and received percutaneous drain as part of step-up approach.

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The price of target dose uniformity

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): David Craft, Fazal Khan, Michael Young, Thomas Bortfeld




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Upregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG18 promotes radioresistance of glioma by repressing Sema5A

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): R. Zheng, Q.W. Yao, C. Ren, Y. Liu, H.L. Yang, G.Z. Xie, S.S. Du, K.J. Yang, Y.W. Yuan
Although there is increasing evidence that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, little is known about the role of small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 (SNHG18) in cancer. This study investigated the clinical associations of SNHG18 and its role in glioma. Our results showed that the expression level of SNHG18 was remarkably up-regulated in clinical glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues.SNHG18 expression was associated with the clinical tumor grade and was negatively correlated with IDH1 mutation. In addition, knockdown of SNHG18 with short hairpin RNA suppressed the radioresistance of glioma cells, whereas transgenic expression of SNHG18 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, xenograft tumors grown from cells with SNHG18 deletion were more radiosensitive than tumors grown from control cells. Further studies revealed that SNHG18 promotes radioresistance by inhibiting Sema5A, and that inhibition of Sema5A expression abrogated the radiosensitizing effect caused by SNHG18 deletion. Our findings provide new insights into the role of SNHG18 in glioma, and suggest its potential as a target for glioma therapy.

Teaser

SNHG18 is significantly up-regulated in clinical glioma tissues and is negatively associated with Sema5A expression. Inhibition of SNHG18 is able to suppress glioma cell radioresistance. The promotion effect of SNHG18 deletion in radiosensitivity was rescued by suppression of Sema5A.


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Serum lipidomics analysis of ovariectomized rats under Curcuma comosa treatment

Publication date: 4 November 2016
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 192
Author(s): Nawaporn Vinayavekhin, Jetjamnong Sueajai, Nichaboon Chaihad, Ratchanee Panrak, Ratchanaporn Chokchaisiri, Polkit Sangvanich, Apichart Suksamrarn, Pawinee Piyachaturawat
Ethnopharmacological relevanceCurcuma comosa Roxb. (C. comosa) or Wan Chak Motluk, Zingiberaceae family, has been used in Thai traditional medicine for the treatment of gynecological problems and inflammation.Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of C. comosa by determining the changes in the lipid profiles in the ovariectomized rats, as a model of estrogen-deficiency-induced hyperlipidemia, after treatment with different components of C. comosa using an untargeted lipidomics approach.Materials and methodsLipids were extracted from the serum of adult female rats subjected to a sham operation (SHAM; control), ovariectomy (OVX), or OVX with 12-week daily doses of estrogen (17β-estradiol; E2), (3R)-1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (DPHD; a phytoestrogen from C. comosa), powdered C. comosa rhizomes or its crude ethanol extract. They were then analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, characterized, and subjected to the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis statistical model to identify tentative biomarkers.ResultsLevels of five classes of lipids (ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate, sphingomyelin, 1-O-alkenyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine) were elevated in the OVX rats compared to those in the SHAM rats, while the monoacylglycerols and triacylglycerols were decreased. The E2 treatment only reversed the levels of ceramides, whereas treatments with DPHD, C. comosa extract or powder returned the levels of all upregulated lipids back to those in the SHAM control rats.ConclusionsThe findings suggest the potential beneficial effects of C. comosa on preventing the increased ceramide levels in OVX rats, a possible cause of metabolic disturbance under estrogen deficiency. Overall, the results demonstrated the power of untargeted lipidomics in discovering disease-relevant biomarkers, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of treatment by C. comosa components (DPHD, extract or powder) as utilized in Thai traditional medicine, and also providing scientific support for its folklore use.

Graphical abstract

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Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

An EEG experimental protocol is designed to clarify the interplay between conscious and non-conscious representations of emotional faces in patients with Asperger's syndrome. The technique suggests that patients with Asperger's syndrome have deficits in non-conscious representation of emotional faces, but have comparable performance in conscious representation with healthy controls.

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Effect of Interferon-γ on the Basal and the TNFα-Stimulated Secretion of CXCL8 in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines Bearing Either the RET/PTC Rearrangement Or the BRAF V600e Mutation

CXCL8 displays several tumor-promoting effects. Targeting and/or lowering CXCL8 concentrations within the tumor microenvironment would produce a therapeutic benefit. Aim of this study was to test the effect of IFNγ on the basal and TNFα-stimulated secretion of CXCL8 in TCP-1 and BCPAP thyroid cancer cell lines (harboring RET/PTC rearrangement and BRAF V600e mutation, resp.). Cells were incubated with IFNγ (1, 10, 100, and 1000 U/mL) alone or in combination with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours. CXCL8 and CXCL10 concentrations were measured in the cell supernatants. IFNγ inhibited in a dose-dependent and significant manner both the basal (ANOVA F: 22.759; ) and the TNFα-stimulated (ANOVA F: 15.309; ) CXCL8 secretions in BCPAP but not in TPC-1 cells (NS). On the other hand, IFNγ and IFNγ + TNF-α induced a significant secretion of CXCL10 in both BCPAP () and TPC-1 () cells. Transwell migration assay showed that (i) CXCL8 increased cell migration in both TPC-1 and BCPAP cells; (ii) IFNγ significantly reduced the migration only of BCPAP cells; and (iii) CXCL8 reverted the effect of IFNγ. These results constitute the first demonstration that IFNγ inhibits CXCL8 secretion and in turn the migration of a BRAF V600e mutated thyroid cell line.

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Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion (PHP) with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver

In this manuscript, we describe percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion with simultaneous chemofiltration as treatment for unresectable liver metastases. This procedure is performed under general anaesthesia in the angiosuite by an experienced team, consisting of an interventional radiologist, a clinical perfusionist and anaesthesiologist.

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Microrobots from Drexel University

Microrobotics is not only hot in Europe. "A team of researchers at Drexel has developed an assembly of microscopic robots, suspended in liquid, that assemble and swim together at remarkable speeds when exposed to a rotating magnetic field.  This finding represents a key step in the development of 'microswimmers' for the delivery of medicine and the performance of surgery inside the body.

The robot chains move as a long, screw-like propeller as each individual robot in the chain spins in response to the external rotating magnetic field. Increasing the external field strength increases the rate the robots spin at which, in turn, increases the velocity of the robot chain, allowing the velocity of the chain to be controlled. The magnetic field can also be used to divide the chain into shorter segments as, at certain magnetic frequencies, the chain will split into two separate smaller chains which move independently of one-another.

After being separated, the field can be adjusted to make the smaller robots travel in different directions. The beads can also be reconnected as they are magnetized. This is achieved by tweaking the field to bring them back into contact.

This finding is a vital part of a bigger project in which Drexel is collaborating with 10 institutions of medicine and research from across the world to develop technology for executing minimally invasive surgery on blocked arteries."

Source: AZO Robotics, Drexel

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Air Pollutants, Climate, and the Prevalence of Pediatric Asthma in Urban Areas of China

Background. Prevalence of childhood asthma varies significantly among regions, while its reasons are not clear yet with only a few studies reporting relevant causes for this variation. Objective. To investigate the potential role of city-average levels of air pollutants and climatic factors in order to distinguish differences in asthma prevalence in China and explain their reasons. Methods. Data pertaining to 10,777 asthmatic patients were obtained from the third nationwide survey of childhood asthma in China's urban areas. Annual mean concentrations of air pollutants and other climatic factors were obtained for the same period from several government departments. Data analysis was implemented with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the situation of childhood asthma was strongly linked with SO2, relative humidity, and hours of sunshine (). Multiple regression analysis indicated that, among the predictor variables in the final step, SO2 was found to be the most powerful predictor variable amongst all (, p

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Antinociceptive Activity of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. Essential Oil

Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (ZP) is a traditional medicinal plant used mainly in countries from Asia such as Japan. This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of ZP essential oil (ZPEO). The major component present in the essential oil was beta-phellandrene (29.39%). Its antinociceptive activity was tested through animal models (formalin-, capsaicin-, and glutamate-induced paw licking and hot plate). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated through the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the subcutaneous air pouch (SAP), with measurement of cytokines. The results showed antinociceptive effect for ZPEO for the first phase of the formalin-induced licking, glutamate, and hot plate tests. However, ZPEO had no effect on reducing paw licking induced by capsaicin. Finally, ZPEO had no effect against inflammation induced by carrageenan.

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Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO

Here we present a protocol for synthesizing Zn1-xMgxO/Cu2O heterojunctions in open-air at low temperature via atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) of Zn1-xMgxO on cuprous oxide. Such high quality conformal metal oxides can be grown on a variety of substrates including plastics by this cheap and scalable method.

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Efficacy of topical therapy of irrigation with syringe and the influence of the middle turbinate in sinus penetration of solutions

Publication date: Available online 31 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Guilherme Henrique Wawginiak, Leonardo Balsalobre, Eduardo Macoto Kosugi, João Paulo Mangussi-Gomes, Raul Ernesto Samaniego, Aldo Cassol Stamm
IntroductionThe topical therapies are the best postoperative treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis, especially those with high volume and pressure, such as the squeeze bottles. However, they are not an available option in Brazil, where irrigation syringes are used.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of topical sinonasal therapy with syringe and the influence of this process on the middle turbinate.MethodsIntervention study in training models (S.I.M.O.N.T.). After standard dissection, three interventions were performed (Nasal Spray 4 puffs, 60-mL syringe and 240-mL Squeeze Bottle) with normal and Sutured Middle Turbinate. Images of each sinus were captured after the interventions, totaling 144 images. The images were classified by 10 evaluators according to the amount of residual volume from zero to 3, with zero and 1 being considered poor penetration and 2 and 3, good penetration. The 1440 evaluations were used in this study.ResultsConsidering all middle turbinate situations, the amount of good penetrations were 8.1% for Spray; 68.3% for Syringe, and 78.3% for Squeeze (p<0.0001). Considering all types of interventions, the Normal Middle Turbinate had 48.2% of good penetrations and the Sutured Middle Turbinate, 55% (p=0.01). Considering only Sutured Middle Turbinate, there was no difference between the interventions with Syringe and Squeeze (76.3% vs. 80.4%; p=0.27).ConclusionTopical therapy of irrigation with a 60-mL syringe was more effective than that with nasal spray. The status of the middle turbinate proved to be fundamental and influenced topical therapy. Irrigation with syringe was as effective as the squeeze bottle when the middle turbinate was sutured to the nasal septum.



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Profile and prevalence of hearing complaints in the elderly

Publication date: Available online 31 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Magda Aline Bauer, Ângela Kemel Zanella, Irênio Gomes Filho, Geraldo de Carli, Adriane Ribeiro Teixeira, Ângelo José Gonçalves Bós
IntroductionHearing is essential for the processing of acoustic information and the understanding of speech signals. Hearing loss may be associated with cognitive decline, depression and reduced functionality.ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of hearing complaints in elderly individuals from Rio Grande do Sul and describe the profile of the study participants with and without hearing complaints.Methods7315 elderly individuals interviewed in their homes, in 59 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were age 60 years or older and answering the question on auditory self-perception. For statistical purposes, the chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to assess the correlations between variables.Results139 elderly individuals who did not answer the question on auditory self-perception and 9 that self-reported hearing loss were excluded, totaling 7167 elderly participants. Hearing loss complaint rate was 28% (2011) among the elderly, showing differences between genders, ethnicity, income, social participation. The mean age of the elderly without hearing complaints was 69.44 (±6.91) and among those with complaint, 72.8 (±7.75) years. Elderly individuals without hearing complaints had 5.10 (±3.78) years of study compared to 4.48 (±3.49) years among those who had complaints. Multiple logistic regression observed that protective factors for hearing complaints were: higher level of schooling, contributing to the family income and having received health care in the last six months. Risk factors for hearing complaints were: older age, male gender, experiencing difficulty in leaving home and carrying out social activities.ConclusionsAmong the elderly population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the prevalence of hearing complaints reached 28%. The complaint is more often present in elderly men who did not participate in the generation of family income, who did not receive health care, performed social and community activities, had a lower level of schooling and were older.



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Bilateral multifocal inverted papilloma with osseous metaplasia of the sinonasal cavity

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Lokman Uzun, Seyma Ozkanli, M. Tayyar Kalcioglu, Numan Kokten, Cigdem Kafkasli




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Preoperative vestibular assessment protocol of cochlear implant surgery: an analytical descriptive study

Publication date: Available online 31 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Roseli S.M. Bittar, Eduardo Setsuo Sato, Douglas Jósimo Silva Ribeiro, Robinson Koji Tsuji
IntroductionCochlear implants are undeniably an effective method for the recovery of hearing function in patients with hearing loss.ObjectiveTo describe the preoperative vestibular assessment protocol in subjects who will be submitted to cochlear implants.MethodsOur institutional protocol provides the vestibular diagnosis through six simple tests: Romberg and Fukuda tests, assessment for spontaneous nystagmus, Head Impulse Test, evaluation for Head Shaking Nystagmus and caloric test.Results21 patients were evaluated with a mean age of 42.75±14.38 years. Only 28% of the sample had all normal test results. The presence of asymmetric vestibular information was documented through the caloric test in 32% of the sample and spontaneous nystagmus was an important clue for the diagnosis. Bilateral vestibular areflexia was present in four subjects, unilateral arreflexia in three and bilateral hyporeflexia in two. The Head Impulse Test was a significant indicator for the diagnosis of areflexia in the tested ear (p=0.0001). The sensitized Romberg test using a foam pad was able to diagnose severe vestibular function impairment (p=0.003).ConclusionThe six clinical tests were able to identify the presence or absence of vestibular function and function asymmetry between the ears of the same individual.



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An upright eyedrop bottle: accuracy, usage of excess drops, and contamination compared to a conventional bottle

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Etiologic analysis of 100 anatomically failed dacryocystorhinostomies

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Visualization of a hyaluronan network on the surface of silicone-hydrogel materials

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After-hours primary care for people with intellectual disabilities in The Netherlands—Current arrangements and challenges

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 59
Author(s): Marloes Heutmekers, Jenneken Naaldenberg, Tessa K. Frankena, Marleen Smits, Geraline L. Leusink, Willem J.J. Assendelft, Henny M.J. van Schrojenstein Lantman- de Valk
BackgroundLittle is known about the organisation of after-hours primary care for people with intellectual disabilities (ID), and mainstream care is not self-evidently accessible or fit for this group. A first step towards improvement is a greater understanding of current after-hours primary ID care.AimsThis study explores the organisation of and experiences with after-hours primary care provided for people with ID in The Netherlands.Methods and proceduresA telephone survey amongst 68 care provider services including questions on organisational characteristics, problem areas, facilitators, and inhibitors.Outcomes and resultsA multitude of different after-hours primary care arrangements were found. Primary care physicians (PCPs) were involved in almost all care provider services, often in alliance with PCP cooperatives. Specialised ID physicians had differing roles as gatekeeper, primary caregiver, or consultant. Most problems during the after-hours arose regarding daily care professionals' competences. Facilitators and inhibitors of after-hours primary care were themed around complexity of, and need for, specialised care, multidisciplinary team of professionals, communication and information, and prerequisites at organisational level.Conclusions and implicationsEvidence on specific after-hours health needs of people with ID is needed to strengthen collaboration between specialist ID care services and mainstream healthcare services to adequately provide care.



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Efficient Catalyst One-Pot Synthesis of 7-(Aryl)-10,10-dimethyl-10,11-dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]chromene-6,8(7H,9H)-dione Derivatives Complemented by Antibacterial Activity

The problem of bacteria resistance to many known agents has inspired scientists and researchers to discover novel efficient antibacterial drugs. Three rapid, clean, and highly efficient methods were developed for one-pot synthesis of 7-(aryl)-10,10-dimethyl-10,11-dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]chromene-6,8(7H,9H)-dione derivatives. Three components are condensed in the synthesis, 4-hydroxycoumarin, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, and aromatic aldehydes, using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP), or ferric chloride (FeCl3), respectively. Each method has different reaction mechanisms according to the catalyst. The present methods have advantages, including one-pot synthesis, excellent yields, short reaction times, and easy isolation of product. All catalysts utilized in our study could be reused several times without losing their catalytic efficiency. All synthesized compounds were fully characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity.

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TWiV 400: Harold '400' Varmus, a scientist for all seasons

The TWiV team is together in New York City for a conversation with Nobel Laureate Harold Varmus about his remarkable career in science.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, 

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Editorial Board

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Training Groups

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Editorial Board/ Publication Information

Publication date: August 2016
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 76





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Optimal timing of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: is ultra-early salvage radiotherapy beneficial?

The optimal timing of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy is controversial. In particular, the prognostic significance of salvage radiotherapy delivered before a current...

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LPN, Paramedic - CSL PLASMA

Job Description 1 Promotes positive customer relations with all donors. 2 Conducts confidential and effective interviews with donors to obtain necessary information regarding suitability to donate plasma. 3 In conjunction with the Center Medical Director and/or Center Physician responds to medically related questions from staff including donor suitability and provides information to staff on medically ...

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APS - Diagnostics and challenges for the future

Publication date: Available online 31 July 2016
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): V. Pengo, E. Bison, G. Zoppellaro, S. Padayattil Jose, G. Denas, A. Hoxha, A. Ruffatti, A. Banzato
Diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is essentially based on the detection of circulating antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. Progress have been made on the standardization of tests exploring the presence of aPL as guidelines on coagulation and immunological tests were recently published in the literature. Clinical relevance of aPL profile has come from prospective cohort studies in populations with a homogeneous antibody profile supporting the view that triple positivity is a high risk pattern in patients and carriers. In addition to the classic ones, several other tests have been proposed for the diagnosis of APS. The detection of antibodies directed to domain 1 and 4/5 of β2-Glycoprotein I (β2GP1) were found to be particularly sound. Several issues remain to be addressed. We do not yet know what is the physiological function of β2GP1 and the pathophysiology of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in these patients. Moreover, treatment is poorly defined especially in the case of feared catastrophic APS.



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Complement and thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Kenji Oku, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Michihiro Kono, Kazumasa Ohmura, Masaru Kato, Toshiyuki Bohgaki, Tetsuya Horita, Shinsuke Yasuda, Olga Amengual and, Tatsuya Atsumi
The involvement of complement activation in the pathophysiology of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was first reported in murine models of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-related pregnancy morbidities. We previously reported that complement activation is prevalent and may function as a source of procoagulant cell activation in the sera of APS patients. Recently, autoantibodies against C1q, a component of complement 1, were reported to be correlated with complement activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. These antibodies target neoepitopes of deformed C1q bound to various molecules (i.e., anionic phospholipids) and induce accelerated complement activation. We found that anti-C1q antibodies are more frequently detected in primary APS patients than in control patients and in refractory APS patients with repeated thrombotic events. The titre of anti-C1q antibodies was significantly higher in refractory APS patients than in APS patients without flare. The binding of C1q to anionic phospholipids may be associated with the surge in complement activation in patients with anti-C1q antibodies when triggered by 'second-hit' biological stressors such as infection. Such stressors will induce overexpression of anionic phospholipids, with subsequent increases in deformed C1q that is targeted by anti-C1q antibodies.



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Tolerogenic dendritic cells for reprogramming of lymphocyte responses in autoimmune diseases

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Paulina García-González, Gabriela Ubilla-Olguín, Diego Catalán, Katina Schinnerling, Juan Carlos Aguillón
Dendritic cells (DCs) control immune responses by driving potent inflammatory actions against external and internal threats while generating tolerance to self and harmless components. This duality and their potential to reprogram immune responses in an antigen-specific fashion have made them an interesting target for immunotherapeutic strategies to control autoimmune diseases. Several protocols have been described for in vitro generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) capable of modulating adaptive immune responses and restoring tolerance through different mechanisms that involve anergy, generation of regulatory lymphocyte populations, or deletion of potentially harmful inflammatory T cell subsets. Recently, the capacity of tolDCs to induce interleukin (IL-10)-secreting regulatory B cells has been demonstrated. In vitro assays and rodent models of autoimmune diseases provide insights to the molecular regulators and pathways enabling tolDCs to control immune responses. Here we review mechanisms through which tolDCs modulate adaptive immune responses, particularly focusing on their suitability for reprograming autoreactive CD4+ effector T cells. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings establishing that tolDCs also modulate B cell populations and also examine on clinical trials applying tolDCs to patients with autoimmune diseases.



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From VGKC to LGI1 and Caspr2 encephalitis: The evolution of a disease entity over time

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): A. van Sonderen, M.W.J. Schreurs, P.W. Wirtz, P.A.E. Sillevis Smitt, M.J. Titulaer
A wide variety of clinical syndromes has been associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs). Six years ago, it was discovered that patients do not truly have antibodies to potassium channels, but to associated proteins. This enabled the distinction of three VGKC-positive subgroups: anti-LGI1 patients, anti-Caspr2 patients and VGKC-positive patients lacking both antibodies. Patients with LGI1-antibodies have a limbic encephalitis, often with hyponatremia, and about half of the patients have typical faciobrachial dystonic seizures. Caspr2-antibodies cause a more variable syndrome of peripheral or central nervous system symptoms, almost exclusively affecting older males. Immunotherapy seems to be beneficial in patients with antibodies to LGI1 or Caspr2, stressing the need for early diagnosis. Half of the VGKC-positive patients lack antibodies to both LGI1 and Caspr2. This is a heterogeneous group of patients with a wide variety of clinical syndromes, raising the question whether VGKC-positivity is truly a marker of disease in these patients. Data regarding this issue are limited, but a recent study did not show any clinical relevance of VGKC-positivity in the absence of antibodies to LGI1 and Caspr2. The three VGKC-positive subgroups are essentially different, therefore, the lumping term 'VGKC-complex antibodies' should be abolished.



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Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in the Emergency Department: How Can a Specialized Addiction Team Be Useful? A Pilot Study

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Fanny Pélissier, Isabelle Claudet, Peggy Gandia-Mailly, Amine Benyamina, Nicolas Franchitto
BackgroundChronic cannabis users may experience cyclical episodes of nausea and vomiting and learned behavior of hot bathing. This clinical condition, known as cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, was first reported in 2004.ObjectiveOur aim was to promote early recognition of this syndrome in emergency departments (EDs) and to increase referral to addiction specialists.MethodsCannabis abusers were admitted to the ED for vomiting or abdominal pain from June 1, 2014 to January 1, 2015 and diagnosed with cannabis hyperemesis syndrome by a specialized addiction team. Then, medical records were examined retrospectively.ResultsSeven young adults were included. Their mean age was 24.7 years (range 17−39 years) and the majority were men (male-to-female ratio 1.2). Biological and toxicological blood samples were taken in all patients. Tetrahydrocannabinol blood level was measured in 4 patients, with a mean blood concentration of 11.6 ng/mL. Radiographic examination including abdominal computed tomography and brain imaging were negative, as was upper endoscopy. Five patients compulsively took hot baths in an attempt to decrease the symptoms. Treatment was symptomatic. Five patients have started follow-up with the specialized addiction team.ConclusionsCannabis hyperemesis syndrome is still under-diagnosed 10 years after it was first described. Physicians should be aware of this syndrome to avoid repeated hospitalizations or esophageal complications. Greater awareness should lead to prompt treatment and prevention of future recurrence through cannabis cessation. Addiction specialists, as well as medical toxicologists, are experts in the management of cannabis abusers and can help re-establish the role of medical care in this population in collaboration with emergency physicians.



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Low-Dose Steroid Therapy Is Associated with Decreased IL-12 Production in PBMCs of Severe Septic Patients

Background. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression may result in higher mortality rates in patients. Methods. We examined the relationship of cytokine responses from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression (days 1 and 7) with low-dose steroid therapy in 29 septic patients. Patients were treated according to the guidelines. Thirty healthy controls were enrolled for validation. Results. Eighteen patients were prescribed low-dose steroids and 11 were not. Interleukin- (IL-) 12 responses in patients without low-dose steroid therapy on days 1 and 7 were higher than those with low-dose steroid therapy. Compared to day 1, IL-12 responses significantly increased on day 7 in patients without low-dose steroid therapy. After regression analysis, the change in the IL-12 response from day 7 to day 1 was found to be independently associated with the low-dose steroid therapy. There was no difference in monocyte HLA-DR expression between patients treated with and without low-dose steroid on day 1 or 7. No change in monocyte HLA-DR expression from day 7 to day 1 was observed in patients with or without low-dose steroid therapy. Conclusion. Decreased IL-12 response was associated with the low-dose steroid therapy in PBMCs of septic patients.

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Tiron ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in a murine model of airway remodeling

Publication date: October 2016
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 39
Author(s): Nagla A. El-Sherbeeny, Zeinab A. Hassan, Hayam Ateyya
Airway remodeling includes lung structural changes that have a role in the irreversibility of pulmonary dysfunction shown in chronic bronchial asthmatics. The current experiment investigated the effect of the mitochondrial antioxidant, tiron in comparison with dexamethasone (DEXA) on airway remodeling in chronic asthma. Sensitized BALB/c mice were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) aerosol for 8weeks, OVA sensitized-challenged mice were treated with either DEXA or tiron, respectively. After that, lung tissue and bronchoaveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used for measurement of different biological markers. Lungs were examined for histopathological changes and immunohistochemistry. Upon comparing with vehicle treated animals, trion or DEXA treatment significantly reduced eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages count in the BALF. Both drugs significantly alleviated chronic OVA-induced oxidative stress as illustrated by decreased pulmonary malondialdenhyde (MDA) and increased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Asthmatic mice exhibited elevated levels of NOx, IL-13 and TGF-β1 that were reduced by DEXA and tiron. Histopathological changes and increased immunoreactivity of nuclear factor-Kappa B (NF-κ B) in OVA-challenged mice were minimized by tiron and DEXA treatment. In conclusion, in this model of chronic asthma DEXA and tiron ameliorated airway remodeling and inflammation in experimental chronic asthma with no difference between the effect of tiron and DEXA. Tiron has a potential role as adjuvant treatment in chronic asthma.



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Recombinant expression of porcine lactoferrin peptide LF-6 with intein technology and its immunomodulatory function in ETEC K88-infected mice

Publication date: October 2016
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 39
Author(s): Qin Jiang, Haiwen Zhang, Yonggang Xie, Yizhen Wang
LF-6 is a modified antibacterial peptide derived from LFP-20, a major active ingredient of porcine lactoferrin, whose antibacterial activity is 200 times higher than its native protein counterpart. Moreover, LF-6 displays even higher antibacterial activity than LFP-20 and negligible toxic adverse effects, make it a potential therapeutic agent for antibacterial purposes. Escherichia coli expression system has been a preferred choice and workhorse for most recombinant proteins. However, LF-6 must be coexpressed with a fusion partner to avoid its potentially fatal toxicity which would threat E. coli expression system. In this study, we successfully introduced intein system to solve this problem, which LF-6 was N-terminally fused to dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced self-cleavable intein, and it conduct cleavage when the intein-fusion peptide passing through a chromatography column filled with chitin, then the spliced peptide was purified with RP-HPLC and identified with mass spectroscopy. A bacteriostatic test showed that the recombinant LF-6 displayed nearly the same antibacterial activity as the chemically synthetized LF-6, and an in vivo immunoprotection analysis showed that the recombinant LF-6 exerted protective effects on Escherichia coli (ETEC)-K88-infected mice, which significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines level in plasma and intestine, and resistant to intestinal mucosal injury compared to the infective alone groups. Our study indicates that the intein system allows a safe and efficient method to produce recombinant LF-6, which not only has antibacterial activity, but more importantly, has an immunomodulatory function.



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Application of CRISPR-Cas system in gene therapy: pre-clinical progress in animal model

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Lihong Guan, Yawei Han, Shaoyi Zhu, Juntang Lin
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and their associated proteins (Cas) belong to the crucial adaptive immune system, which exist in archaea and bacteria. Currently, CRISPR-Cas9 system has been modified and widely used to edit genome. In this review, we summarized the discovery, classification and mechanism of CRISPR-Cas system and further discussed the application of CRISPR-Cas9 in gene therapy, mainly in disease models.



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Chemical analysis of Punica granatum fruit peel and its in vitro and in vivo biological properties

The medical application of pomegranate fruits and its peel is attracted human beings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro α-Glucosidase inhibition, antimicrobial, antioxidant property and...

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PRELIM II(EDI BOARD)

Publication date: August 2016
Source:Neuroscience Research, Volume 109





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An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Danhong Injection for Ischemic Stroke

Objective. This overview is to evaluate the current evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of Danhong injection (DHI) for ischemic stroke (IS). Methods. SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning DHI and IS were searched in six databases without language restrictions until September 2015. Assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of all included SRs. Result. A total of 8 articles were included. After the administration of DHI, clinical efficiency and neurological deficits score have marked advantages over those of the control group. However, the overall poor quality of meta-analysis and original studies affected the reliability of the results. Evaluation of methodological quality found that no one paper meets the requirements of all 11 items. The main flaws of the methodology quality included the following: not providing "a priori" design and reasonable objectives, duplicate study selection not given enough attention, performing an incomprehensive literature search, not paying attention to publication bias and other bias reports, characteristics of included studies not provided in detail, and ignoring clinical heterogeneity when performing meta-analyses. Conclusion. The current published SRs suggest DHI appears to be a safe and effective way for IS treatment in general. However, it lacks a high quality systematic evaluation and analysis. The quality of SRs should be improved. Further large sample-size and well-designed RCTs are needed.

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Data on morphometric analysis of the pancreatic islets from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice

Publication date: September 2016
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 8
Author(s): Thiago Aparecido da Silva, Robertha Mariana Lemes, Carlo Jose Freire Oliveira, Aline da Silva Almeida, Javier Emílio Lazo Chica
The endocrine portion of the pancreas, which is characterized by pancreatic islets, has been widely investigated among different species. The BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are extensively used in experimental research, and the morphometric differences in the pancreatic islets of these animals have not been evaluated so far. Thus, our data have a comparative perspective related to the morphometric analysis of area, diameters, circularity, and density of pancreatic islets from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The data presented here are focused to evaluate the differences in morphology of pancreatic islets of two common laboratory mouse strains.



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Maraviroc-Mediated Lung Protection following Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock

Objectives. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway exerts anti-inflammatory effects in response to injury. Maraviroc has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PPARγ plays an important role in maraviroc-mediated lung protection following trauma-hemorrhage. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent trauma-hemorrhage (mean blood pressure maintained at approximately 35–40 mmHg for 90 minutes), followed by fluid resuscitation. During resuscitation, a single dose of maraviroc (3 mg/kg, intravenously) with and without a PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 (1 mg/kg, intravenously), GW9662, or vehicle was administered. Lung water content, tissue histology, and other various parameters were measured ( rats/group) 24 hours after resuscitation. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's testing were used for statistical analysis. Results. Trauma-hemorrhage significantly increased lung water content, myeloperoxidase activity, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β levels. These parameters significantly improved in the maraviroc-treated rats subjected to trauma-hemorrhage. Maraviroc treatment also decreased lung tissue damage as compared to the vehicle-treated trauma-hemorrhaged rats. Coadministration of GW9662 with maraviroc abolished the maraviroc-induced beneficial effects on these parameters and lung injury. Conclusion. These results suggest that PPARγ might play a key role in maraviroc-mediated lung protection following trauma-hemorrhage.

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Approaches to Peripheral Nerve Repair: Generations of Biomaterial Conduits Yielding to Replacing Autologous Nerve Grafts in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery

Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical entity, which may arise due to traumatic, tumorous, or even iatrogenic injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Despite advances in biomaterials and techniques over the past several decades, reconstruction of nerve gaps remains a challenge. Autografts are the gold standard for nerve reconstruction. Using autografts, there is donor site morbidity, subsequent sensory deficit, and potential for neuroma development and infection. Moreover, the need for a second surgical site and limited availability of donor nerves remain a challenge. Thus, increasing efforts have been directed to develop artificial nerve guidance conduits (ANCs) as new methods to replace autografts in the future. Various synthetic conduit materials have been tested in vitro and in vivo, and several first- and second-generation conduits are FDA approved and available for purchase, while third-generation conduits still remain in experimental stages. This paper reviews the current treatment options, summarizes the published literature, and assesses future prospects for the repair of peripheral nerve injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery with a particular focus on facial nerve regeneration.

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Microbial Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Processes and Market

Biological production of organic acids from conversion of biomass derivatives has received increased attention among scientists and engineers and in business because of the attractive properties such as renewability, sustainability, degradability, and versatility. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research and development of short chain fatty acids production by anaerobic fermentation of nonfood biomass and to evaluate the status and outlook for a sustainable industrial production of such biochemicals. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid have many industrial applications and are currently of global economic interest. The focus is mainly on the utilization of pretreated lignocellulosic plant biomass as substrate (the carbohydrate route) and development of the bacteria and processes that lead to a high and economically feasible production of VFA. The current and developing market for VFA is analyzed focusing on production, prices, and forecasts along with a presentation of the biotechnology companies operating in the market for sustainable biochemicals. Finally, perspectives on taking sustainable product of biochemicals from promise to market introduction are reviewed.

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Targeting Lung Cancer Stem Cells with Antipsychological Drug Thioridazine

Lung cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cells critical for lung cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Thioridazine, a classical neurological drug, has been reported with anticancer ability. However, whether thioridazine could inhibit lung cancer stem cells has never been studied. In our current work, we used different dosage of thioridazine to test its effect on lung cancer stem cells sphere formation. The response of lung cancer stem cells to chemotherapy drug with thioridazine treatment was measured. The cell cycle distribution of lung cancer stem cells after thioridazine treatment was detected. The in vivo inhibitory effect of thioridazine was also measured. We found that thioridazine could dramatically inhibit sphere formation of lung cancer stem cells. It sensitized the LCSCs to chemotherapeutic drugs 5-FU and cisplatin. Thioridazine altered the cell cycle distribution of LCSCs and decreased the proportion of G0 phase cells in lung cancer stem cells. Thioridazine inhibited lung cancer stem cells initiated tumors growth in vivo. This study showed that thioridazine could inhibit lung cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. It provides a potential drug for lung cancer therapy through targeting lung cancer stem cells.

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Avian Mycobacteriosis: Still Existing Threat to Humans

The nontuberculous mycobacteria are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. These microorganisms can cause a wide range of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin and soft tissue disease, and rare extra pulmonary or disseminated infections. Mycobacterium avium complex is the second most common cause of pulmonary mycobacterioses after M. tuberculosis. This review covers the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of infection caused by the members of this complex and particularities for the treatment of different disease types and patient populations.

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Reply

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Luise Westernberg, Veronique Schulten, Alessandro Sette, Bjoern Peters




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T-cell receptor–mediated cross-reactivity to different allergens is driven by recognition of homologous, phylogenetically conserved epitopes

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Samuele E. Burastero




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"Olanzapine induced hypothermia: a rare case report"

2016-07-31T06-40-16Z
Source: Journal of Behavioral Health
Javed Ather Siddiqui, Shazia Farheen Qureshi, Abdullah Al Zahrani.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: We report a case of 40-year old man who had a diagnose case of schizophrenia on olanzapine, had develop symptomatic hypothermia. The majority of documented cases involve short duration of hypothermia often less than 24 hours. Antipsychotics that are more potent antagonists at 5HT2 than at dopamine2 receptors appear more likely to cause hypothermia. Objective: Hypothermia is an adverse drug reaction of antipsychotic drug use. It is strong 5HT2 antagonistc characteristics which induced hypothermia, have been proposed. 55 percent of hypothermia reports are for atypical antipsychotics. Case presentation: A 40-year old man with schizophrenia who was being treated with a therapeutic dose of olanzapine presented with shivering, slurred speech, Confusion. He had a core temperature of 31.5 celsius. Electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia with Osborn waves or J waves. He didnt have any risk factors for developing hypothermia except the use of olanzapine. There was improvement in his clinical condition with reversal of electrocardiogram changes following gradual re-warming and withhold of olanzapine. Conclusion: Olanzapine induced hypothermia is rare and has been reported during initiation and increasing the dose or even in stable dose, but this case report raises the possibility of hypothermia even in patients who are on stable doses of olanzapine for a long period of time. Clinicians should consider the possibility of drug induced illness in hypothermic patients who are taking antipsychotics.


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Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of Garre

* Excess periosteal reaction by an extremely sensitive periosteum in response to a low grade anaerobe. 
* Manifests as long standing chronic Osteomyelitis without any abscess or sequesterum formation. 
* XRay - Expanded bone with generalised sclerosis 
* ESR - Usually elevated 
* Culture - Usually Negative 
* Antibiotics and fenesteration of the sclerotic bone is usually helpful 




Case Submitted by 

Dr Tushar Mehta 
MBBS , DNB , MS (USAIM) , MNAMS
Orthopaedic Surgeon

Famous Radiology Blog http://ift.tt/1MM2hKr TeleRad Providers at http://ift.tt/1NgppuI Mail us at sales@teleradproviders.com

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Release of PACAP-38 in episodic cluster headache patients – an exploratory study

Activation of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, involving the trigeminal ganglion, the superior salivatory nucleus and the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is crucial in the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH...

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