Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Τρίτη 5 Φεβρουαρίου 2019

Variables that predict response of nevus of ota to lasers

Summary

Nevus of ota is a dermal melanocytosis common among Asian patients, mottled, blue‐gray macule that is usually located unilaterally within the distribution of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve and almost always responds well to treatment with Q‐switched lasers (eg, ruby, alexandrite, and Nd: YAG). In spite of the plethora of science behind laser‐tissue interactions, the objective evaluation of nevus of ota response to laser is not on firm footing and most studies report subjective percentile scoring improvement. A knowledge of the variations in morphology of nevus of ota can help predict an optimal dose response and help to counsel patients appropriately.



http://bit.ly/2DfEIYM

PTX3 and D‐dimer in children with asthma: a real‐world study‐Reply

Abstract

Licari and colleagues detected plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and serum D‐dimer levels, and reported significant elevated concentrations for both biomarkers in asthmatic patients compared with healthy controls, but neither was observed to be associated with clinical parameters.

Elevated PTX3 expressions in asthmatic airways were firstly observed by Zhang et al,1 and the same group reported that PTX3 deletion enhanced airway inflammation, mucus production, and airway hyperresponsiveness in an ovalbumin‐induced asthma model through a TH17‐dominant phenotype.2

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



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Clinical relevance of human papillomavirus outside of oropharynx

Purpose of review The role of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer is well recognized. HPV DNA is also found in a fraction of head and neck tumors outside of oropharynx but its clinical importance is unknown. The purpose of this review is to sum up the present knowledge about the prevalence and possible impact of HPV presence in head and neck tumors in nonoropharyngeal sites. Recent findings The data demonstrating prevalence of HPV presence in tumors outside of oropharynx are inconsistent. However, it can be stated that it is substantially lower than in oropharynx. Most articles report the HPV DNA presence only but very few prove also the transcriptionally active viral presence. The fraction of really HPV-induced tumors is probably very small. The majority of literature shows no impact of HPV on prognosis in nonoropharyngeal locations. Also the role of high-risk HPV in malignant transformation of lesions potentially linked to malignancy like inverted papillomas, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis or laryngeal dysplasia was up to date not demonstrated. Summary Despite of the unknown role of HPV and lack of evidence regarding any clinical use of HPV knowledge in other than oropharyngeal tumors, further research is warranted. Correspondence to Jan Klozar, MD, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Praha 5, Czech Republic. Tel: +420 727971911; e-mail: jan.klozar@fnmotol.cz Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2RHfbwP

Photodynamic therapy in head and neck cancer: indications, outcomes, and future prospects

Purpose of review To identify and review the recent literature on clinical applications, outcome, and new developments in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Recent findings Although PDT and surgery have a similar local control and recurrence rate, the gold standard of treatment for early-stage oral cavity cancer remains local surgery with, on indication, concurrent treatment of the neck. PDT proves its value in treatment of patients with field cancerization and patients with superficial recurrence after previous surgery and/or radiation, in whom surgical salvage would entail important morbidity. PDT is also promising as an adjuvant treatment after surgery in the presence of macroscopic or microscopic involved margins, in patients where reresection or reirradiation would imply an unacceptable risk. Recent progress in the field of PDT focuses on development and clinical application of new photosensitizing agents, photochemical internalization, and photoimmunotherapy. Summary The value of PDT in specific well-selected head and neck cancer clinical scenarios is well established. The basic research field is rapidly evolving and experimental findings are promising, maybe eventually leading to optimized results, less side-effects, and more indications. Correspondence to Vincent Vander Poorten, MD, PhD, MSc, Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Tel: +32/16336340; e-mail: vincent.vanderpoorten@uzleuven.be Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2WJ9baQ

Medial femoral condyle free flap for head and neck reconstruction

Purpose of review The aim of this article is to review the literature on medial femoral condyle (MFC) free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Recent findings The MFC flap is a superb material for head and neck reconstruction, especially in smaller bony defects. As an alternative to fibular free flap, it presents many advantages. Combining the periosteal bone with skin and/or muscle paddle, the MFC flap is suitable for complex reconstructions with favorable healing process. Even though this flap has a longer history of orthopedic and traumatologic reconstructions, a number of cases in head and neck surgery have been recently reported. Summary The MFC flap has been successfully used to reconstruct various head and neck sites, from the orbit, maxilla, and mandible, to the laryngeal and tracheal scaffolds. Correspondence to Jacek Banaszewski, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60355 Poznan, Poland. Tel: +48 61 8691387; e-mail: bananana@poczta.onet.pl Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2RIpcKa

Quality of life after microvascular mandibular reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis—A prospective study

Abstract

Background

Reconstructive surgery for mandibular osteoradionecrosis is increasing; however, evidence regarding the impact on health‐related quality of life is lacking. The current exploratory study prospectively investigates whether resection with reconstruction is associated with changes in HRQoL parameters for these patients.

Methods

Seventeen patients underwent microvascular reconstruction for mandibular osteoradionecrosis between 2012 and 2015, and 16 completed the EORTC quality of life questionnaires QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐H&N35 1 month before and 1 year after surgery.

Results

Increases in emotional (P = 0.01) and social functioning (P = 0.004) were observed, together with improvements in the fatigue (P = 0.04), appetite loss (P = 0.02) and pain (P = 0.02) scores, as evaluated by the QLQ‐C30. Pain reduction was further confirmed by the QLQ‐H&N35 (P = 0.04), which also showed improved scores for feeling ill (P = 0.001) and sexual difficulties (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

This exploratory study suggests that microvascular reconstruction after mandibular osteoradionecrosis may improve HRQoL, with an emphasis on pain reduction; however, further studies are needed.



http://bit.ly/2Gr5wJ4

Gun Safety | Talking to Your Children and Other Parents

It has recently been brought to my attention that I am "extra." This observation was thoughtfully delivered by my high schooler but quickly confirmed by her younger brothers.  I think it may have been initiated by the pizza skulls I made for our Halloween party, or maybe it was the fact that I peel my first grader's orange before packing it in his lunch.  Either way, the three of them were able to create a rather comprehensive list enumerating the many ways in which I am "extra." I listened in amusement for a while, but when they started talking about the way I would ask too many questions prior to playdates, I had to interject.

My kids were referring to the fact that any time they go to a friend's house for the first time, I make a point to ask whether any guns in the house are stored in a secure manner.  The conversation is never easy, nor is it always comfortable, but in a world where 19 children a day will die from or be treated for a gunshot wound, the uncomfortable conversations are necessary.

Death by gunshot is the second leading cause of death for children and teens aged 1-19.  Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause.  In 2016, of the children who died by gunshot, 59% were due to homicide and 35% were due to suicide.  A staggering 26% of deaths due to gunshot wounds were caused by unintentional injury.  The vast majority of those occurred at home when a child was playing with a loaded gun and accidentally fired it.

The website www.besmartforkids.org helps parents talk with their children and other parents about gun safety by dividing it into five simple steps using the acronym SMART:

S. Secure guns in homes and vehicles.

Guns should be stored unloaded, with gun locks, in locked cabinets or safes.  The ammunition should be stored in a separate locked location.  These storage areas should be inaccessible to children.  Studies show that, despite what most parents think, most kids know if there is a gun in the house and where it is kept.  Many of those children will admit to handling the gun when the parent is not around.

M. Model responsible behavior.

It is the responsibility of the gun owner to prevent unauthorized access through appropriate gun storage. Whether your family owns guns or not, parents should discuss with their child that guns are not toys.  Should your child see a gun at a friend's house, or anywhere else, they should not touch it; they should walk away and they should tell an adult.

A. Ask about unsecured guns in other homes.

Talking with other parents about guns in their homes can be awkward.  Consider making it part of a general safety discussion.  For example, ask if the house has a pet, a pool or any firearms.  If it is uncomfortable to talk face-to-face, use email or text to ask and relay information.  Volunteer information about your home before you are asked.  Discussing gun storage prior to a playdate should be as routine as discussing food allergies.  Visit the website askingsaveskids.org for more information.

R. Recognize the risks of teen suicide.

A 2018 study found a close relationship between suicide rates and gun ownership. That is, the states with the highest suicide rates also had the highest rates of gun ownership.

T. Tell your peers to be smart.

The more often these conversations occur, the easier they are to have.

 

Nothing is extra when it comes to the safety of our kids.

 

 

The post Gun Safety | Talking to Your Children and Other Parents appeared first on ChildrensMD.



http://bit.ly/2RGqYM2

Correction for Kokotos et al., Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis proteome reveals a key presynaptic role for the monomeric GTPase Rab11 [Correction]

NEUROSCIENCE Correction for "Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis proteome reveals a key presynaptic role for the monomeric GTPase Rab11," by A. C. Kokotos, J. Peltier, E. C. Davenport, M. Trost, and M. A. Cousin, which was first published October 9, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1809189115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E10177–E10186). The authors note that...

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Correction for Cheng et al., KDM4B protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction [Correction]

MEDICAL SCIENCES Correction for "KDM4B protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction," by Yingduan Cheng, Quan Yuan, Laurent Vergnes, Xin Rong, Ji Youn Youn, Jiong Li, Yongxin Yu, Wei Liu, Hua Cai, Jiandie D. Lin, Peter Tontonoz, Christine Hong, Karen Reue, and Cun-Yu Wang, which was first published May 29, 2018;...

http://bit.ly/2DU9jwB

Multiomics resolution of molecular events during a day in the life of Chlamydomonas [Systems Biology]

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii displays metabolic flexibility in response to a changing environment. We analyzed expression patterns of its three genomes in cells grown under light–dark cycles. Nearly 85% of transcribed genes show differential expression, with different sets of transcripts being up-regulated over the course of the day...

http://bit.ly/2MRfpkb

Balancing trade-offs between biotic and abiotic stress responses through leaf age-dependent variation in stress hormone cross-talk [Plant Biology]

In nature, plants must respond to multiple stresses simultaneously, which likely demands cross-talk between stress-response pathways to minimize fitness costs. Here we provide genetic evidence that biotic and abiotic stress responses are differentially prioritized in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves of different ages to maintain growth and reproduction under combined biotic and...

http://bit.ly/2DUSJNi

Phosphoproteomics of Arabidopsis Highly ABA-Induced1 identifies AT-Hook-Like10 phosphorylation required for stress growth regulation [Plant Biology]

The clade A protein phosphatase 2C Highly ABA-Induced 1 (HAI1) plays an important role in stress signaling, yet little information is available on HAI1-regulated phosphoproteins. Quantitative phosphoproteomics identified phosphopeptides of increased abundance in hai1-2 in unstressed plants and in plants exposed to low-water potential (drought) stress. The identity and localization...

http://bit.ly/2MQHybf

Robust predictions of specialized metabolism genes through machine learning [Plant Biology]

Plant specialized metabolism (SM) enzymes produce lineage-specific metabolites with important ecological, evolutionary, and biotechnological implications. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, we identified distinguishing characteristics of SM and GM (general metabolism, traditionally referred to as primary metabolism) genes through a detailed study of features including duplication pattern, sequence conservation, transcription,...

http://bit.ly/2DTULgp

Altered interplay between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A neuropathy [Neuroscience]

Mutations in the MFN2 gene encoding Mitofusin 2 lead to the development of Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), a dominant axonal form of peripheral neuropathy. Mitofusin 2 is localized at both the outer membrane of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and is particularly enriched at specialized contact regions known as mitochondria-associated...

http://bit.ly/2MR3ZNs

Illuminating spatial A-to-I RNA editing signatures within the Drosophila brain [Neuroscience]

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, is a ubiquitous mechanism that generates transcriptomic diversity. This process is particularly important for proper neuronal function; however, little is known about how RNA editing is dynamically regulated between the many functionally distinct neuronal populations of the brain. Here, we present a...

http://bit.ly/2DU9qs1

Polar vacuolar distribution is essential for accurate asymmetric division of Arabidopsis zygotes [Plant Biology]

In most flowering plants, the asymmetric cell division of the zygote is the initial step in establishing the apical–basal axis of the mature plant. The zygote is polarized, possessing the nucleus at the apical tip and large vacuoles at the basal end. Despite their known polar localization, whether the positioning...

http://bit.ly/2MR3Ycm

Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing ALS-causing SOD1 mutant selectively trigger death of spinal motoneurons [Neuroscience]

Adaptive immune response is part of the dynamic changes that accompany motoneuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). CD4+ T cells that regulate a protective immunity during the neurodegenerative process have received the most attention. CD8+ T cells are also observed in the spinal cord of patients and ALS mice...

http://bit.ly/2DU8SSZ

Rhomboidal Pt(II) metallacycle-based NIR-II theranostic nanoprobe for tumor diagnosis and image-guided therapy [Chemistry]

Fluorescent theranostics probes at the second near-IR region (NIR-II; 1.0–1.7 µm) are in high demand for precise theranostics that minimize autofluorescence, reduce photon scattering, and improve the penetration depth. Herein, we designed and synthesized an NIR-II theranostic nanoprobe 1 that incorporates a Pt(II) metallacycle 2 and an organic molecular dye...

http://bit.ly/2SwjMqi

Soluble matrix protein is a potent modulator of mesenchymal stem cell performance [Applied Biological Sciences]

We challenge the conventional designation of structural matrix proteins primarily as supporting scaffolds for resident cells. The extracellular matrix protein tropoelastin is classically regarded as a structural component that confers mechanical strength and resilience to tissues subject to repetitive elastic deformation. Here we describe how tropoelastin inherently induces a range...

http://bit.ly/2MSa4Jk

Thermomagnetic recording fidelity of nanometer-sized iron and implications for planetary magnetism [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]

Paleomagnetic observations provide valuable evidence of the strength of magnetic fields present during evolution of the Solar System. Such information provides important constraints on physical processes responsible for rapid accretion of the protoplanetesimal disk. For this purpose, magnetic recordings must be stable and resist magnetic overprints from thermal events and...

http://bit.ly/2DV10AU

Reaction of O2 with a diiron protein generates a mixed-valent Fe2+/Fe3+ center and peroxide [Biochemistry]

The gene encoding the cyanobacterial ferritin SynFtn is up-regulated in response to copper stress. Here, we show that, while SynFtn does not interact directly with copper, it is highly unusual in several ways. First, its catalytic diiron ferroxidase center is unlike those of all other characterized prokaryotic ferritins and instead...

http://bit.ly/2DV0XVK

Chromatin features constrain structural variation across evolutionary timescales [Genetics]

The potential impact of structural variants includes not only the duplication or deletion of coding sequences, but also the perturbation of noncoding DNA regulatory elements and structural chromatin features, including topological domains (TADs). Structural variants disrupting TAD boundaries have been implicated both in cancer and developmental disease; this likely occurs...

http://bit.ly/2D8lG6O

Structure of the heterophilic interaction between the nectin-like 4 and nectin-like 1 molecules [Biochemistry]

Nectin-like (Necl) molecules are Ca2+-independent Ig-like transmembrane cell adhesion molecules that participate in junctions between different cell types. The specific cell–cell adhesions mediated by Necl proteins are important in neural development and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present the crystal structure of the mouse Necl-4 full ectodomain...

http://bit.ly/2MRSGES

Structural basis for substrate binding and specificity of a sodium-alanine symporter AgcS [Biophysics and Computational Biology]

The amino acid, polyamine, and organocation (APC) superfamily is the second largest superfamily of membrane proteins forming secondary transporters that move a range of organic molecules across the cell membrane. Each transporter in the APC superfamily is specific for a unique subset of substrates, even if they possess a similar...

http://bit.ly/2MOviI9

Revealing the atomic ordering of binary intermetallics using in situ heating techniques at multilength scales [Chemistry]

Ordered intermetallic nanoparticles are promising electrocatalysts with enhanced activity and durability for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The ordered phase is generally identified based on the existence of superlattice ordering peaks in powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). However, after employing a widely used postsynthesis annealing treatment,...

http://bit.ly/2MOC153

Green fluorescence from cnidarian hosts attracts symbiotic algae [Ecology]

Reef-building corals thrive in nutrient-poor marine environments because of an obligate symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. Symbiosis is established in most corals through the uptake of Symbiodinium from the environment. Corals are sessile for most of their life history, whereas free-living Symbiodinium are motile; hence, a mechanism...

http://bit.ly/2UC2C7U

Branches from the same tree: The case for integration in higher education [Colloquium Paper]

The nature of work is changing rapidly in the digital age, increasing the demand for skills in specific disciplines. Across the United States and beyond, this evolution has led to an increased emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education at every level. Meanwhile, at US institutions of higher...

http://bit.ly/2GpqkR6

Evaluating the Predicted Impact of Changes to the AJCC/TMN Staging System for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC): A prospective observational study of patients in South East Scotland

Abstract

Objectives To assess the impact of the eighth edition AJCC/TMN staging system on patients with new diagnoses of differentiated thyroid cancers presenting to our regional multi‐disciplinary team meetings. Design We analysed Endocrine Cancer MDT meeting records from 2009‐2015 to identify all patients in the region presenting with a new diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer. We re‐staged patients according to the eighth edition AJCC/TNM staging classification and analysed the survival outcomes of patients in each stage under the seventh and eighth systems. Setting Tertiary referral centre in South East Scotland (NHS Lothian). Participants Three hundred and sixty one patients were newly diagnosed with DTC within South East Scotland during the study period and met our inclusion criteria. Main outcome measures Mortality at any time during follow‐up Results In total 119/361 (33%) patients were re‐staged when the eighth edition AJCC/TMN system was applied. The number of patients classified as having advanced stage (III/IV) disease fell from 76 (21%) to 8 (2%). The most common reason for down‐staging was re‐classification of tumour size, a factor in 96 (80.7%) down‐staged patients. The five‐year disease specific survival of the cohort overall was 98%. Overall 7 (1.9%) thyroid cancer –related deaths occurred during follow‐up, three of whom were down‐staged. Conclusions On implementation of the eighth edition of the AJCC/TMN staging system, we expect many patients who would previously have been considered to have advanced thyroid cancer will now be classified as early stage. This will accurately reflect their excellent survival outcomes.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



http://bit.ly/2MPiW2w

Cost‐effectiveness of trans‐nasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation vs. arterial embolisation for intractable epistaxis: long‐term analyses

Summary

Objectives

Trans‐nasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (TESPAL) and endovascular arterial embolisation both provide excellent success rates for intractable epistaxis. Recent economic models suggest that TESPAL could be a cost‐saving strategy. Our main aim was to perform cost‐effectiveness analyses on TESPAL compared to embolisation to treat patients with epistaxis.

Design

We performed a retrospective, monocentric, comparative analyses on patients referred to our center and treated with embolisation or TESPAL.

Setting

This economic evaluation was carried out from a payer's perspective (i.e., French National Health Insurance) within a time horizon of 12 months.

Participants

Thirty‐seven TESPAL procedures and thirty‐nine embolisation procedures to treat intractable epistaxis were used in the analyses.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome is presented as the cost per 1% of non‐recurrence. Effectiveness was defined as avoiding recurrence of epistaxis during the 1‐year follow‐up. Cost estimates were performed from the payer's perspective.

Results

Hospitalisation costs were higher for embolisation compared to TESPAL (5,972 vs. 3,769 euros). On average, hospitalization costs decreased by 41% when a patient was treated by TESPAL compared to an embolisation strategy (p= 0.06). The presence of comorbidities increased hospitalization costs by 79% (p=0.04). TESPAL enabled 1,867€ to be gained in intractable epistaxis.

Conclusions

The outcomes from our decision model confirm that TESPAL is more cost‐effective for patients with intractable epistaxis.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



http://bit.ly/2DUWLFu

Acute iliac arterial thrombosis during laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection

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Abstract
Background
Acute iliac arterial thrombosis during surgery is very rare complication. There were few reports on this complication relative to gastroenterological surgery, and the risk has not been recognized.
Case presentation
A 70-year-old man, diagnosed with a rectal cancer (adenocarcinoma of rectum) with known history heavy cigarette smoking with no known history of peripheral vascular disease underwent a laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection. He presented severe pain in the left leg in the recovery room. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the complete obstruction of the left common iliac artery. A successful revasculization was achieved through a thrombotectomy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with a stent immediately after the diagnosis. The pain in the left leg disappeared immediately after the revasculization.
Conclusion
An acute arterial thrombosis is a potential complication of the laparoscopic colorectal surgery with the lithotomy position.

http://bit.ly/2Sft0rt

The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Energy Homeostasis

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.


http://bit.ly/2HRVgLW

Age, Sex, and Cardiovascular Risk Attributable to Lipoprotein Cholesterol Among Chinese Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.


http://bit.ly/2t5SxEx

Indeterminate Brooke-Rose

Jordan, J; (2018) Indeterminate Brooke-Rose. Textual Practice , 32 (2) pp. 265-281. 10.1080/0950236x.2018.1413039 . Green open access

http://bit.ly/2MOA08M

Systemic Inflammation and Cardio-Renal Organ Damage Biomarkers in Middle Age Agre Associated with Physical Capability Up to 9 Years Later: Findings from a British Birth Cohort Study

Kuh, DJL; Cooper, R; Sattar, N; Welsh, P; Hardy, R; Ben-Shlomo, Y; (2019) Systemic Inflammation and Cardio-Renal Organ Damage Biomarkers in Middle Age Agre Associated with Physical Capability Up to 9 Years Later: Findings from a British Birth Cohort Study. Circulation (In press).

http://bit.ly/2DU9s30

Semen quality and risk factors for mortality

Batty, GD; Mortensen, LH; Shipley, MJ; (2019) Semen quality and risk factors for mortality. Epidemiology 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000968 . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2MNTKt6

Leader development - it's personal!

Bubb, S; Earley, P; (2018) Leader development - it's personal! Professional Development Today (20.1) pp. 14-22.

http://bit.ly/2DThVDE

Twenty million years of evolution: The embryogenesis of four Caenorhabditis species are indistinguishable despite extensive genome divergence

Memar, N; Schiemann, S; Hennig, C; Findeis, D; Conradt, B; Schnabel, R; (2018) Twenty million years of evolution: The embryogenesis of four Caenorhabditis species are indistinguishable despite extensive genome divergence. Developmental Biology 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.12.022 . (In press). Green open access

http://bit.ly/2MQm0LT

Variational ecology and the physics of sentient systems

Ramstead, MJD; Constant, A; Badcock, PB; Friston, KJ; (2019) Variational ecology and the physics of sentient systems. Physics of Life Reviews 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.12.002 . (In press). Green open access

http://bit.ly/2DWfxfD

Assigning a structural motif using spontaneous molecular dipole orientation in thin films

Roman, M; Dunn, A; Taj, S; Keolopile, ZG; Rosu-Finsen, A; Gutowski, M; McCoustra, MRS; ... Field, D; + view all Roman, M; Dunn, A; Taj, S; Keolopile, ZG; Rosu-Finsen, A; Gutowski, M; McCoustra, MRS; Cassidy, AM; Field, D; - view fewer (2018) Assigning a structural motif using spontaneous molecular dipole orientation in thin films. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics , 20 (46) pp. 29038-29044. 10.1039/c8cp06010j .

http://bit.ly/2MRuYZd

Adversarial training with cycle consistency for unsupervised super-resolution in endomicroscopy

Ravi, D; Szczotka, AB; Pereira, SP; Vercauteren, T; (2019) Adversarial training with cycle consistency for unsupervised super-resolution in endomicroscopy. Medical Image Analysis (In press).

http://bit.ly/2DT8Nz4

Dietary glycaemic index and cognitive function: prospective associations in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort

Philippou, E; Pot, GK; Heraclides, A; Richards, M; Bendayan, R; (2018) Dietary glycaemic index and cognitive function: prospective associations in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort. Public Health Nutr 10.1017/S136898001800352X . (In press). Green open access

http://bit.ly/2MOkZDX

Heterogeneity, Inattention and Bayesian Updates

Giacomini, R; Skreta, V; Turen, J; (2020) Heterogeneity, Inattention and Bayesian Updates. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics (In press).

http://bit.ly/2DUC8cs

Developing a theory-driven contextually relevant mHealth intervention

Jennings, HM; Morrison, J; Akter, K; Kuddus, A; Ahmed, N; Kumer Shaha, S; Nahar, T; ... Fottrell, E; + view all Jennings, HM; Morrison, J; Akter, K; Kuddus, A; Ahmed, N; Kumer Shaha, S; Nahar, T; Haghparast-Bidgoli, H; Khan, AKA; Azad, K; Fottrell, E; - view fewer (2019) Developing a theory-driven contextually relevant mHealth intervention. Global Health Action , 12 (1) 10.1080/16549716.2018.1550736 . Green open access

http://bit.ly/2MQIc8C

A green chemistry perspective on catalytic amide bond formation

Sabatini, M; Boulton, LT; Sneddon, HF; Sheppard, TD; (2019) A green chemistry perspective on catalytic amide bond formation. Nature Catalysis , 2 (1) pp. 10-17. 10.1038/s41929-018-0211-5 .

http://bit.ly/2DTUxG9

Loss of miR-210 leads to progressive retinal degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster

Partridge, L; (2019) Loss of miR-210 leads to progressive retinal degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. Life Sciences Alliance , 2 (1) , Article e201800149. 10.26508/lsa.201800149 . Green open access

http://bit.ly/2MREMCG

Developing intercultural competence in a ‘comfortable’ third space: postgraduate studies in the UK

McKinley, J; Dunworth, K; Grimshaw, T; Iwaniec, J; (2018) Developing intercultural competence in a 'comfortable' third space: postgraduate studies in the UK. Language and Intercultural Communication , 19 (1) pp. 9-22. 10.1080/14708477.2018.1545028 .

http://bit.ly/2DU69sA

The prevalence of carotid stenosis in patients presenting with ischaemic stroke: a one-year prospective observational study

Cheng, SF; Brown, MM; Simister, R; Richards, T; (2019) The prevalence of carotid stenosis in patients presenting with ischaemic stroke: a one-year prospective observational study. British Journal of Surgery 10.1002/bjs.11136 . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2MP62l6

Bridging trees for posterior inference on ancestral recombination graphs

Heine, K; Beskos, A; Jasra, A; Balding, D; De Iorio, M; (2018) Bridging trees for posterior inference on ancestral recombination graphs. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences , 474 (2220) , Article 20180568. 10.1098/rspa.2018.0568 . Green open access

http://bit.ly/2DTYjPU

Learning distance to subspace for the nearest subspace methods in high-dimensional data classification

Zhu, R; Dong, M; Xue, JH; (2019) Learning distance to subspace for the nearest subspace methods in high-dimensional data classification. Information Sciences , 481 pp. 69-80. 10.1016/j.ins.2018.12.061 .

http://bit.ly/2MOSW7h

Disturbing stability of interface by adopting phase-change temperature gradient to reduce ice adhesion strength

Chen, T; Jin, J; Qi, Y; Tian, W; Cong, Q; Choy, KL; (2019) Disturbing stability of interface by adopting phase-change temperature gradient to reduce ice adhesion strength. Cold Regions Science and Technology , 158 pp. 69-75. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.11.010 .

http://bit.ly/2DSZXBt

Discontinuing cotrimoxazole preventive therapy in HIV-infected adults who are stable on antiretroviral treatment in Uganda (COSTOP): A randomised placebo controlled trial

Anywaine, Z; Levin, J; Kasirye, R; Lutaakome, JK; Abaasa, A; Nunn, A; Grosskurth, H; ... COSTOP research team, .; + view all Anywaine, Z; Levin, J; Kasirye, R; Lutaakome, JK; Abaasa, A; Nunn, A; Grosskurth, H; Munderi, P; COSTOP research team, .; - view fewer (2018) Discontinuing cotrimoxazole preventive therapy in HIV-infected adults who are stable on antiretroviral treatment in Uganda (COSTOP): A randomised placebo controlled trial. PLoS One , 13 (12) , Article e0206907. 10.1371/journal.pone.0206907 . Green open access

http://bit.ly/2MOnNBb

Chemsex behaviours among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of the literature

Maxwell, S; Shahmanesh, M; Gafos, M; (2019) Chemsex behaviours among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Drug Policy , 63 pp. 74-89. 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.014 .

http://bit.ly/2DUUl9C

The difference in nasal bacterial microbiome diversity between chronic rhinosinusitis patients with polyps and a control population

Background

Little is known regarding the role of the microbiome of the paranasal sinuses and its contribution to sinus mucosal health and disease. Consequently, we examined the microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with polyps (CRSwNP) and a control population to provide new insights into the microbiota associated with the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.

Methods

Fifty‐nine CRSwNP patients and 27 controls were enrolled in the study. The bacterial communities of the middle meatus were detected using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)‒targeted Illumina MiSeq sequencing after microbial DNA was extracted from swabs.

Results

Although there was no difference in diversity between the 2 groups, richness was lower in the CRSwNP group than in the control group (p = 0.03). At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were predominant in both groups; however, the relative abundance was different, with the proportions of Actinobacteria (predominantly Corynebacterium) and Dolosigranulum being significantly higher in the control group than in the CRSwNP group.

Conclusion

These results support the theory of microbial dysbiosis as the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. The reduction in the proportions of potentially protective bacteria may decrease the overall stability of the sinonasal bacterial community.



http://bit.ly/2DVfYGU

An analysis of factors associated with compliance and dropout of sublingual immunotherapy on Japanese cedar pollinosis patients

Background

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is safe and effective but compliance is problematic. In this study we evaluated dropout and compliance among adults (≥20 years of age) and adolescents (<20 years of age) for Japanese cedar pollen extract (JCPE), an aqueous SLIT approved in 2014 in Japan.

Methods

Administrative claims data on 1236 Japanese patients, 846 adults (mean age, 43.0 years; 41.8% female) and 249 adolescents (mean age, 14.1 years; 36.6% female), with a JCPE prescription between October 2014 and June 2016 were reviewed. Adults and adolescents were divided according to the year they started SLIT (1‐ and 2‐year cohorts) to calculate dropout and compliance and identify associated factors using multivariate Cox and linear regression models.

Results

In 1‐ and 2‐year adult cohorts, dropout rates were 13.5% and 22.1% and compliance rates were 92.8% and 88.8%, respectively. Adolescents had higher dropout and lower compliance. Patients 40‐59 years of age had a lower dropout risk than patients 20‐29 years of age. Dropout hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) in 1‐ and 2‐year cohorts were 0.26 (0.12‐0.58) and 0.40 (0.17‐0.93) in patients 40‐49 years of age and 0.32 (0.14‐0.75) and 0.35 (0.13‐0.92) in patients 50‐59 years of age, respectively. Younger age contributed to lower compliance in 1‐ and 2‐year adult cohorts (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Systemic steroidal medication history and male gender were positively associated with compliance in adults but not in adolescents.

Conclusion

High dropout rate was associated with younger generations. Compliance in adults, but not in adolescents, was associated with age, systemic steroidal medication history, and gender.



http://bit.ly/2MQWfLh

Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of oral mucosal brush biopsy for the diagnosis of peanut allergy

Background

Current diagnostic testing methods for peanut allergy, including serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and skin‐prick testing (SPT), have low specificity, whereas oral food challenge (OFC) carries significant risk of provoking adverse events. Mucosal brush biopsy (MBB) from the oral cavity is currently being studied as a new diagnostic test for peanut allergy, but normative data is not yet available with which to begin measuring specificity and predictive value.

Methods

Twenty individuals with no history of adverse reactions from eating peanuts underwent oral MBB and serum testing for peanut sIgE. These data were then compared with previously published data from 10 individuals with a history of clinical peanut allergy, in order to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for both testing modalities.

Results

The optimal cutoff levels for oral MBB and sIgE testing were 0.12 kU/L and 1.0 kU/L, respectively. At 0.12 kU/L, the sensitivity of oral MBB testing was 80% and the specificity was 85%, whereas at 1.0 kU/L, the sensitivity of sIgE testing was 50% and the specificity was 100%. From the ROC curves, the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for oral MBB and sIgE were 0.91 (p < 0.001) and 0.74 (p = 0.007), respectively. Combination testing further increased both sensitivity and accuracy over oral MBB alone.

Conclusion

In this pilot study, oral MBB demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for screening individuals with and without oral cavity clinical reactivity to peanuts and may represent a potentially useful testing method for the diagnosis of peanut allergy in the future.



http://bit.ly/2DUyGP2

Can anatomical assessment of hypopharyngolarynx in awake patients predict obstructive sleep apnea?

Objectives/Hypothesis

To assess the relationships between laryngeal and hypopharyngeal morphology and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in awake patients.

Study Design

Prospective study.

Methods

Awake flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and sleep studies were performed in 80 patients for snoring or OSAHS suspicion. Endoscopic videos were reviewed by two examiners to assess morphological characteristics of hypopharynx and larynx using a standardized examination of appearance, shape and position of epiglottis, shape of retropharyngeal‐epiglottic aerospace (RPEA), modified Cormack‐Lehane score, and length ratios of the hypopharynx and epiglottis. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess independent predictors of moderate/severe OSAHS.

Results

The interrater agreements were moderate for epiglottis appearance (κ = 0.52), epiglottis form (κ = 0.66), and epiglottis position (κ = 0.49), but fair for the shape of RPEA (κ = 0.26) and modified Cormack‐Lehane scoring (κ = 0.38). The presence of a mega‐epiglottis was significantly correlated with the severity of OSAHS (P < .05). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea were mega‐epiglottis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: = 4.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23‐18.56, P = .024), modified Cormack‐Lehane score of 2 (aOR: 15.3, 95% CI: 1.8‐130.3, P = .012), or modified Cormack‐Lehane score of 3 (aOR: 10.03, 95% CI: 1.3‐78.2, P = .03) and aging (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.14, P = .025).

Conclusions

Routine flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy performed by otorhinolaryngologists in awake patients may help to detect some predictors of OSAHS such as presence of mega‐epiglottis, and modified Cormack‐Lehane score of 2 or more. Investigation of sleep disorders should be proposed in these patients.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 2019



http://bit.ly/2RIvlGc

Cost burden and resource utilization in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps

Objectives/Hypothesis

Establish treatment patterns and economic burden in US patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) versus without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Determine comparative costs of subgroups with high clinical burden.

Study Design

Observational, retrospective, case‐control study.

Methods

This study matched patients with CRSwNP to patients without CRS (1:1) using the Truven Health MarketScan US claims database. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using McNemar test and paired t test (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon signed rank tests (non‐normal distribution). Within subgroups, χ2 and Wilcoxon or t tests were used (normal distribution).

Results

There were 10,841 patients with CRSwNP and 10,841 patients without CRS included. Mean age in the CRSwNP cohort was 45.8 years; 56.2% were male. During follow‐up, patients with CRSwNP had an increased diagnosis of asthma versus patients without CRS (20.8% vs. 8.1%, respectively; P < .001). Annual incremental costs were $11,507 higher for patients with CRSwNP versus those without CRS. Costs were higher in subgroups of patients with CRSwNP undergoing functional endoscopy sinus surgery (FESS), with a comorbid diagnosis of asthma, receiving oral corticosteroids, or macrolides versus the overall CRSwNP group. Patients with CRSwNP undergoing FESS had the highest costs of the four subgroups ($26,724, $22,456, $20,695, and $20,990, respectively).

Conclusions

Annual incremental costs were higher among patients with CRSwNP versus without CRS. Patients with CRSwNP with high clinical burden had higher overall costs than CRSwNP patients without.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2019



http://bit.ly/2WK59Pb

Cost and efficiency of myringotomy procedures in minor procedure rooms compared to operating rooms

Objectives

Minor pediatric surgeries performed in the minor procedure room (MPR) may be more time efficient and less costly compared to those performed in the operating room (OR).

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Methods

This was a retrospective study on cost and efficiency differences of bilateral myringotomy with tube insertions performed in the MPR versus the OR. Charts were reviewed from June 2015 to May 2017. Cost data was based on supply cost and case costing of medical personnel including nurses, aides, and anesthesia assistants.

Results

Two hundred eighteen patients were included in the study. The median age was 2.7 years (range: 0.8–16.7), and there were no differences in gender between locations. One hundred twenty‐three patients had surgery in the MPR (56.4%), and 95 had surgery in the OR (43.6%). The median length of time in the procedure room was 11 minutes shorter for patients who underwent surgery in the MPR (12.0 minutes, range: 3.0–33.0) compared to patients in the OR (23.0 minutes, range: 11.0–52.0; P < .0001). Median hospital stay (2.0 hours vs. 4.3 hours; P < 0.0001) and median patient turnover time (6.0 minutes vs. 14.0 minutes; P < .0001) was shorter in the MPR compared to OR. The total overall cost of a myringotomy with tube insertion, including labor and supply cost, was $189.41 in the MPR compared to $468.56 in the OR, a difference of $279.15 per case.

Conclusion

Bilateral myringotomy with tube insertions are more time and cost‐efficient when performed in the MPR. This study supports the need for increased availability of MPR time for appropriate surgeries.

Level of Evidence

3. Laryngoscope, 2019



http://bit.ly/2RGn3yw

Weekly Plasma EBV DNA for Non-metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Condition:   Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Intervention:  
Sponsor:   The University of Hong Kong
Recruiting

http://bit.ly/2Gr9fGj

Building a Renewed ImaGe After Head & Neck Cancer Treatment (BRIGHT) 2.0

Condition:   Head and Neck Cancer
Interventions:   Behavioral: BRIGHT;   Behavioral: Active Control
Sponsor:   Medical University of South Carolina
Not yet recruiting

http://bit.ly/2SxFpX2

Diagnostic Significance of FDG PET/CT Dynamic Imaging in Detecting Metastatic Lymph Nodes With Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Conditions:   Positron-Emission Tomography;   Lymph Node Metastases;   Thyroid Cancer
Interventions:   Diagnostic Test: 18F-FDG PET/CT dynamic scan;   Diagnostic Test: B-ultrasonography
Sponsor:   Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
Recruiting


http://bit.ly/2Gr9wJl

Paclitaxel (Albumin Bound),Bleomycin And Cisplatin Or Carboplatin for Recurrent Or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck

Condition:   Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck
Intervention:   Drug: PaclitaxelPaclitaxel (Albumin Bound),Bleomycin combined with Cisplatin or Carboplatin
Sponsor:   Sun Yat-sen University
Not yet recruiting

http://bit.ly/2SuYMQH

A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of AZD9977 in Japanese Healthy Participants With Single and Multiple Ascending Dose Administration

Condition:   Heart Failure
Interventions:   Drug: AZD9977;   Drug: Placebo
Sponsors:   AstraZeneca;   Parexel
Recruiting

http://bit.ly/2Sza1HE

Gitelman Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Seizure Disorder and a Systematic Review

Gitelman syndrome is one of the few inherited causes of metabolic alkalosis due to salt losing tubulopathy. It is caused by tubular defects at the level of distal convoluted tubules, mimicking a thiazide-like tumor. It usually presents in late childhood or in teenage as nonspecific weakness, fatigability, polyuria, and polydipsia but very rarely with seizures. It is classically associated with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, hyperreninemia, and hyperaldosteronism. However, less frequently, it can present with normal magnesium levels. It is even rarer to find normomagnesemic patients of GS who develop seizures as the main complication since hypomagnesemia is considered the principal etiology of abnormal foci of seizure-related brain activity in GS cases. Interestingly, patients with GS are oftentimes diagnosed during pregnancy when the classic electrolyte pattern consistent with GS is noticed. Our case presents GS with normal serum magnesium in a patient, with seizures being the main clinical presentation. We also did a comprehensive literature review of 122 reported cases to show the prevalence of normal magnesium in GS cases and an overview of clinical and biochemical variability in GS. We suggest that further studies and in-depth analysis are required to understand the pathophysiology of seizures in GS patients with both normal and low magnesium levels.

http://bit.ly/2Ssvhih

Correction to: CD73 expression in normal and pathological human hepatobiliopancreatic tissues

The following information must be added to the published article:



http://bit.ly/2t2rPwG

Early objective response to avelumab treatment is associated with improved overall survival in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Response rates are primary endpoints in many oncology trials; however, correlation with overall survival (OS) is not uniform across cancer types, treatments, or lines of therapy. This study explored the association between objective response (OR) and OS in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma who received avelumab (anti-PD-L1).

Methods

Eighty-eight patients enrolled in JAVELIN Merkel 200 (part A; NCT02155647) received i.v. avelumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks until confirmed progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Using conditional landmark analyses, we compared OS in patients with and without confirmed OR (RECIST v1.1). We applied a Cox model that included OR as a time-varying covariate and adjusted for age, visceral disease, and number of previous therapies.

Results

Twenty-nine patients had confirmed OR; 20 by study week 7 and 7 more between study weeks 7 and 13. Survival probabilities 18 months after treatment initiation were 90% [95% confidence interval (CI) 65.6–97.4] in patients with OR at week 7 and 26.2% (95% CI 15.7–37.8) in patients without OR but who were alive at week 7. Median OS was not reached in patients with OR and was 8.8 months (95% CI 6.4–12.9) in patients without. Similar results were observed for the week 13 landmark. The adjusted Cox model showed OR was associated with a 95% risk reduction of death [hazard ratio 0.052 (95% CI 0.018–0.152)] compared with a nonresponse.

Conclusions

Patients with OR by 7 or 13 weeks had significantly longer OS than patients without, confirming that early OR is an endpoint of major importance.



http://bit.ly/2HRxUpP

Early-life exposure to household chemicals and wheezing in children

Mikes, O; Vrbova, M; Klanova, J; Cupr, P; Svancara, J; Pikhart, H; (2019) Early-life exposure to household chemicals and wheezing in children. Science of the Total Environment , 663 pp. 418-425. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.254 .

http://bit.ly/2TyC0oa

The Little Big Planet of Architectural Imagination: An Interview with NEMESTUDIO’s Neyran Turan

Giamarelos, S; Turan, N; (2019) The Little Big Planet of Architectural Imagination: An Interview with NEMESTUDIO's Neyran Turan. Architectural Design (In press).

http://bit.ly/2Bov6Lf

Constraining S-wave velocity using Rayleigh wave ellipticity from polarization analysis of seismic noise

Berbellini, A; Ferreira, AMG; Schimmel, M; Ferreira, AMG; Morelli, A; (2019) Constraining S-wave velocity using Rayleigh wave ellipticity from polarization analysis of seismic noise. Geophysical Journal International 10.1093/gji/ggy512 . (In press). Green open access

http://bit.ly/2TxOk86

Natural Cytotoxic Diterpenoids, a Potential Source of Drug Leads for Melanoma Therapy

Prieto, JM; Silveira, D; (2019) Natural Cytotoxic Diterpenoids, a Potential Source of Drug Leads for Melanoma Therapy. Current Pharmaceutical Design 10.2174/1381612825666190111143648 . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2Bov1qV

Understanding prosperity in east London: Local meanings and ‘sticky’ measures of the good life

Woodcraft, S; Moore, HL; (2019) Understanding prosperity in east London: Local meanings and 'sticky' measures of the good life. City and Society (In press).

http://bit.ly/2TwaMi7

Towards electrically-driven semiconductor nanowire lasers

Zhang, Y; (2019) Towards electrically-driven semiconductor nanowire lasers. Nanotechnology 10.1088/1361-6528/ab000d . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2Bne1RM

3D Analysis of gravel surface texture

Yang, H; Lourenco, SDN; Baudet, B; Choi, CE; Ng, CWW; (2019) 3D Analysis of gravel surface texture. Powder Technology 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.074 . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2TxbziX

Extrinsic elastic anisotropy in a compositionally heterogeneous Earth’s mantle

Faccenda, M; Ferreira, AMG; Tisato, N; Lithgow-Bertelloni, C; Stixrude, L; Pennacchioni, G; (2019) Extrinsic elastic anisotropy in a compositionally heterogeneous Earth's mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 10.1029/2018JB016482 . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2BouV2x

A Prospective, Multi-site, International Comparison of F-18 fluoro-methyl-choline, multi-parametric magnetic resonance and Ga-68 HBED-CC (PSMA-11) in men with High-Risk Features and Biochemical Failure after Radical Prostatectomy: Clinical Performance and Patient Outcomes

Emmett, L; Metser, U; Bauman, G; Hicks, RJ; Weickhardt, A; Davis, ID; Punwani, S; ... Scott, A; + view all Emmett, L; Metser, U; Bauman, G; Hicks, RJ; Weickhardt, A; Davis, ID; Punwani, S; Pond, GR; Chua, SS-C; Ho, B; Johnston, E; Pouliot, F; Scott, A; - view fewer (2019) A Prospective, Multi-site, International Comparison of F-18 fluoro-methyl-choline, multi-parametric magnetic resonance and Ga-68 HBED-CC (PSMA-11) in men with High-Risk Features and Biochemical Failure after Radical Prostatectomy: Clinical Performance and Patient Outcomes. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 10.2967/jnumed.118.220103 . (In press). Green open access

http://bit.ly/2TsSX3y

Active Matter Alters the Growth Dynamics of Coffee Rings

Callegari, A; Andac, T; Weigmann, P; Velu, SKP; Pince, E; Volpe, G; Volpe, G; (2018) Active Matter Alters the Growth Dynamics of Coffee Rings. In: Proceedings of the Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. The Optical Society

http://bit.ly/2BouPYJ

Mentalizing Based on External Features in Borderline Personality Disorder Compared With Healthy Controls: The Role of Attachment Dimensions and Childhood Trauma

Van Heel, M; Luyten, P; De Meulemeester, C; Vanwalleghem, D; Vermote, R; Lowyck, B; (2019) Mentalizing Based on External Features in Borderline Personality Disorder Compared With Healthy Controls: The Role of Attachment Dimensions and Childhood Trauma. Journal of Personality Disorders 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_373 . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2TwawzF

Paediatric multiple sclerosis: What it is and what it is not

Duignan, S; Brownlee, W; Wassmer, E; Hemingway, C; Lim, M; Ciccarelli, O; Hacohen, Y; (2019) Paediatric multiple sclerosis: What it is and what it is not. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology (In press).

http://bit.ly/2BouK7n

Management practices and SME performance

Bryson, A; Forth, J; (2019) Management practices and SME performance. Scottish Journal of Political Economy (In press).

http://bit.ly/2Tsgz8l

Active matter alters the growth dynamics of coffee rings

Andac, T; Weigmann, P; Velu, SKP; Pinçe, E; Volpe, G; Volpe, G; Callegari, A; (2018) Active matter alters the growth dynamics of coffee rings. Soft Matter 10.1039/c8sm01350k . (In press).

http://bit.ly/2BjujuU

Inference on water content in the mantle transition zone near subducted slabs from anisotropy tomography

Chang, S-J; Ferreira, AMG; (2019) Inference on water content in the mantle transition zone near subducted slabs from anisotropy tomography. G3: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: an electronic journal of the earth sciences (In press).

http://bit.ly/2TxOj42

PrP-grafted antibodies bind certain amyloid β-protein aggregates, but do not prevent toxicity

Mengel, D; Hong, W; Corbett, GT; Liu, W; DeSousa, A; Solforosi, L; Fang, C; ... Walsh, DM; + view all Mengel, D; Hong, W; Corbett, GT; Liu, W; DeSousa, A; Solforosi, L; Fang, C; Frosch, MP; Collinge, J; Harris, D; Walsh, DM; - view fewer (2019) PrP-grafted antibodies bind certain amyloid β-protein aggregates, but do not prevent toxicity. Brain Research , 1710 pp. 125-135. 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.038 .

http://bit.ly/2BmI3Fw

Design, 3D-printing and validation of high capacity sitting drop bridges for increased protein crystallisation

Hilton, ST; Kozielski, F; Penny, M; Talapatra, S; (2019) Design, 3D-printing and validation of high capacity sitting drop bridges for increased protein crystallisation. Journal of Applied Crystallography , 52 pp. 171-174. 10.1107/S1600576718017545 .

http://bit.ly/2TySoVY

Haematological quality and age of donor blood issued for paediatric transfusion to four hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa

Uyoga, S; Mpoya, A; Olupot-Olupot, P; Kiguli, S; Opoka, RO; Engoru, C; Mallewa, M; ... Maitland, K; + view all Uyoga, S; Mpoya, A; Olupot-Olupot, P; Kiguli, S; Opoka, RO; Engoru, C; Mallewa, M; Kennedy, N; M'baya, B; Kyeyune, D; Wabwire, B; Bates, I; Gibb, D; Walker, AS; George, EC; Williams, TN; Maitland, K; - view fewer (2019) Haematological quality and age of donor blood issued for paediatric transfusion to four hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa. Vox Sanguinis (In press).

http://bit.ly/2BkEIXj

Computational Analysis of Knee Joint Stability Following Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Bode Margins

Ardestani, M; Chen, Z; Noori, H; Moazen, M; Jin, Z; (2019) Computational Analysis of Knee Joint Stability Following Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Bode Margins. Journal of Biomechanics (In press).

http://bit.ly/2TBvI7y

Using Mg Isotopes to Estimate Natural Calcite Compositions and Precipitation Rates During the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

Pogge Von Strandmann, P; Olsson, J; Luu, T-H; Gislason, S; Burton, K; (2019) Using Mg Isotopes to Estimate Natural Calcite Compositions and Precipitation Rates During the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull Eruption. Frontiers in Earth Sciences , 7 , Article 6. 10.3389/feart.2019.00006 . Green open access

http://bit.ly/2BmfIPp

Issue Information



http://bit.ly/2GaGdLY

Statin use associated with improved overall and cancer specific survival in patients with head and neck cancer

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 90

Author(s): Abhinav Gupta, William Stokes, Megan Eguchi, Mohammad Hararah, Arya Amini, Adam Mueller, Rustain Morgan, Cathy Bradley, David Raben, Jessica McDermott, Sana D Karam

Abstract
Objectives

Studies have shown the utility of lipid-lowering agents in improving outcomes in various cancers. We aim to explore how statins affect overall survival and cancer specific survival in head and neck cancer patients using population-based datasets.

Patients and methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked dataset, we separated HNC patients into three groups: those with no hyperlipidemia (nH), those with hyperlipidemia and not taking a statin (HnS), and those with hyperlipidemia and taking a statin (H + S). Overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) were compared between the three groups based on disease subsite (oral cavity, oropharynx, and other) using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis (MVA), controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, staging, treatment, and comorbidity covariates. Using Pearson chi-square analysis, we also compared the incidence of cancer-related toxicity events.

Results

There were 495 nH, 567 HnS, and 530 H + S patients. H + S patients had superior OS and CSS (73.0, 81.2%) relative to nH (58.6, 69.1%) and HnS groups (61.7, 69.2%) (p < 0.01). On MVA, H + S patients showed improved OS (p < 0.01) and CSS (p = 0.04) compared to nH (HR = 1.64, 1.56) and HnS (HR = 1.40, 1.37). MVA stratified by subsite yielded similar results for oral cavity and oropharyngeal disease. Toxicity-related events did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusion

HNC patients with hyperlipidemia and taking a statin demonstrated improved outcomes compared to nH and HnS patients, further supporting statins' role as a potential adjuvant anti-neoplastic agent in HNC. Further prospective studies to investigate the impact of statins on HNC outcomes are warranted.



http://bit.ly/2G9DHW9

Editorial Board/Aims & Scope

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 89

Author(s):



http://bit.ly/2DavPzI

Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Pharmacotherapies and Allergen Immunotherapy for Adult Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Eli O. Meltzer, Dana V. Wallace, Howard S. Friedman, Prakash Navaratnam, Christopher M. Burton, Erin P. Scott, Hendrik Nolte



http://bit.ly/2DSPSnL

Omalizumab Treatment Patterns in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU): Evidence from a Large Allergy Practice in the United States (US)

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Brian D. Stone, Abhishek Kavati, Maryia Zhdanava, Benjamin Ortiz, Jason Lecocq, Bradd Schiffman, Hoi Ching Cheung, Patrick Lefebvre



http://bit.ly/2DVerAF

Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS) Among Young Armenian Adults

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Mariam R. Movsisyan, Armine V. Hakobyan, Spartak S. Gambarov



http://bit.ly/2DVeQTH

NK cells in treated HIV-infected children display altered phenotype and function

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Sanjana Mahapatra, William T. Shearer, Charles G. Minard, Emily Mace, Mary Paul, Jordan S. Orange

Abstract
Background

Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is known to trigger a population redistribution and alteration in the functional capacity of NK cells. Due to improved anti-retroviral treatments, there are rising numbers of adolescents and young adults worldwide that are living with HIV infection since birth.

Objective

We sought to determine how NK cell phenotypic and functional subsets are altered in treated pediatric patients.

Methods

NK cells were contrasted among 29 HIV-unexposed and uninfected controls (5-19 years), 23 HIV-exposed but uninfected patients (HEU) (3-19 years) and 25 HIV-infected patients (3-19 years) using multi-parametric flow cytometry.

Results

While majority of the NK cell markers did not differ, activating receptors like NKp46, DNAM-1, NKG2C and stimulatory receptors like CD2 and CD11c were expressed by a higher frequency of NK cells in HIV-infected patients than controls. Interestingly, there were less differences between HIV-infected and HEU children. There was an inverse relationship between CD4/CD8 T cell ratio (as a marker of disease progression) and CD11c and NKG2C frequency and CD69 upregulation on stimulation among HIV-infected patients.

Conclusions

A chronic NK cell activation phenotype persists in HIV-infected children receiving anti-retroviral therapy and is associated with declining CD4/CD8 T cell ratios. A lower CD4/CD8 T cell ratio was associated with higher baseline granzyme B (p=0.0068, R2=0.29) and degranulation potential (p=0.022, R2=0.22) in stimulated NK cells. Thus, NK cells in HIV-infected children receiving treatment have reduced functional potential and an activated phenotype that distinguishes them from uninfected children.

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract for this article



http://bit.ly/2DVeYTb

Mast cells within cellular networks

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Michael Stassen, Ann-Kathrin Hartmann, Sharon Jiménez Delgado, Susann Dehmel, Armin Braun

Abstract

Mast cells are highly versatile in terms of their mode of activation by a host of stimuli and their ability to flexibly release a plethora of biologically highly active mediators. Within the immune system, mast cells can best be designated as an active nexus interlinking innate and adaptive immunity. Herein, we try to draw an arc from the initiation of acute inflammatory reactions to microbial pathogens to the development of adaptive immunity and allergies. This multifaceted nature of mast cells is made possible by the interaction with multiple cell types of immunological and non-immunological origin. Examples for the former include neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells and professional antigen presenting cells. These interactions allow mast cells to orchestrate inflammatory innate reactions and complex adaptive immunity, including the pathogenesis of allergies.

Important partners of non-immunological origin include cells of the sensory neuronal system. The intimate association between mast cells and sensory nerve fibers allows bidirectional communication leading to neurogenic inflammation. Evidence is accumulating that this mast cell / nerve crosstalk is of pathophysiological relevance in allergic diseases like asthma.



http://bit.ly/2MOLGZe

Mind the gaps: clinical trial concepts to address unanswered questions in aeroallergen immunotherapy. An NIAID/AHRQ Workshop

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Lisa M. Wheatley, Robert Wood, Kari Nadeau, Andrew Liu, Edward Zoratti, Leonard Bacharier, Erica Brittain, Moises Calderon, Thomas Casale, Bradley Chipps, Linda Cox, Peter S. Creticos, Manisha Desai, Sten Dreborg, Stephen Durham, Peter J. Gergen, Rebecca Gruchalla, Harold Nelson, Robyn E. O'Hehir, Marshall Plaut

Abstract

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases organized a workshop to develop trial concepts that could improve the usage and effectiveness of aeroallergen immunotherapy (AAIT). Expert groups were formed to accomplish the following tasks: 1) Propose a study design to compare effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous versus sublingual AAIT; 2) Propose a study design to compare effectiveness and safety of AAIT using one or a few allergens vs all or most allergens to which a patient is sensitized; 3) Propose a study design to determine whether AAIT can alter the progression of childhood allergic airways disease; 4) Propose a study design to determine the optimal dose and duration of AAIT to achieve maximal effectiveness with acceptable safety. Study designs were presented by the workgroups, extensively discussed at the workshop and revised for this report. The proposed trials would be of long duration, and require large, highly characterized patient populations. Scientific caveats and feasibility matters are discussed. These concepts are intended to help the development of clinical trials that can address some of the major questions related to the practice of AAIT for the management and prevention of allergic airways disease.



http://bit.ly/2DVeSLj

New graft manipulation strategies improved outcome of mismatched stem cell transplantation in children with primary immunodeficiencies

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Reem Elfeky, Ravi M. Shah, Mohamed NM. Unni, Giorgio Ottaviano, Kanchan Rao, Robert Chiesa, Persis Amrolia, Austen Worth, Terry Flood, Mario Abinun, Sophie Hambleton, Andrew J. Cant, Kimberly Gilmour, Stuart Adams, Gul Ahsan, Dawn Barge, Andrew R. Gennery, Waseem Qasim, Mary Slatter, Paul Veys

Abstract
Background

Mismatched stem cell transplantation is associated with high risk of graft loss, graft versus host disease (GvHD) and transplant related mortality (TRM). Alternative graft manipulation strategies have been employed over the last 11 years to reduce these risks.

Objective

We investigated the outcome of using different graft manipulation strategies among children with primary immunodeficiency (PID).

Methods

Between 2006-2017, 147 PID patients received 155 mismatched grafts; 30 TCRαβ/CD19 depleted, 43 cords (72% with no serotherapy), 17 CD34+ selection with T cell add-back and 65 unmanipulated grafts.

Results

The estimated 8-year survival of the entire cohort was 79%, TRM was 21.7% and graft failure rate was 6.7%. Post-transplant viral reactivation, aGvHD grades II-IV and chronic GvHD complicated 49.6%, 35% and 15% transplants, respectively. The use of TCR αβ/CD19 depletion was associated with a significantly lower incidence of grade II-IV aGvHD (11.5%) and cGvHD (0%) however with a higher incidence of viral reactivation (70%) in comparison to other grafts. T cell immune reconstitution was robust among cord transplants however with a high incidence of aGvHD grade II-IV 56.7%. Stable full donor engraftment was significantly higher at 80% among TCRαβ+/CD19+depleted and cord transplants versus 40-60% among the other groups.

Conclusions

Rapidly accessible cord and haploidentical grafts are suitable alternatives for patients with no HLA matched donor. Cord transplantation without serotherapy and TCRαβ+/CD19+depleted grafts produced comparable survival rates of around 80% albeit with a high rate of aGvHD with the former and high risk of viral reactivation with the latter that need to be addressed.



http://bit.ly/2MOLZTS

A Randomized Phase 3 Study, Sinus-52, Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Patients with Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Claus Bachert, Martin Desrosiers, Joaquim Mullol, Peter W. Hellings, Anders Cervin, Lawrence Sher, John V. Bosso, Stella E. Lee, Jorge F. Maspero, Shigeharu Fujieda, Shoji Matsune, Xin Lu, Chunpeng Fan, Steven Draikiwicz, Nikhil Amin, Siddhesh Kamat, Asif Khan, Gianluca Pirozzi, Neil M.H. Graham, Marcella Ruddy



http://bit.ly/2MOLUzy

Field Study of a Novel Synthetic Peptide Immunotherapy in Cat Allergic Patients

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Geoff Down, Kirsten L. Evans, Mark Larché, Paul Laidler



http://bit.ly/2DVeNY1

Safety and Tolerability of Shortened Updosing with 7 Injections of Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Eike G. Wuestenberg, Andreas Horn, Hendrik Wolf, Santiago Martin Hurtado, Katerina Koutromanou, Nadia Ghaussy, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas



http://bit.ly/2MRcYhq

Innate Immune Memory in Paediatric Food Allergy

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Melanie Neeland, Boris Novakovic, Jennifer Koplin, Thanh D. Dang, Richard Saffery, Katrina Allen



http://bit.ly/2DVeA7b

Time Trends in Adrenaline Auto-Injector Dispensing Patterns Using Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Data

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Yichao Wang, Jennifer Koplin, Shaoke Lei, Rachel Peters, Simon Horne, Harriet Hiscock, Katrina Allen



http://bit.ly/2MOLhGc

Safety and Tolerability of a Novel Peptide-Based Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Sara R. Prickett, Pascal LC. Hickey, Judy Bingham, Tracy Phan, Jodie Abramovitch, Jennifer M. Rolland, William B. Smith, Mark Hew, Robyn E.O. Hehir



http://bit.ly/2DVevQV

Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Children of Milk-Induced Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Jonathan M. Spergel, Okan Elci, Amanda Muir, Chris A. Liacouras, Benjamin Wilkins, Deirdre D. Burke, Megan Ott Lewis, Terri F. Brown-Whitehorn, Antonella Cianferoni



http://bit.ly/2MOLdWY

Long-Term Outcomes of Omalizumab in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU): Evidence from a Large Allergy Practice in the United States (US)

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Jason Lecocq, Abhishek Kavati, Maryia Zhdanava, Benjamin Ortiz, Bradd Schiffman, Hoi Ching Cheung, Patrick Lefebvre, Brian D. Stone



http://bit.ly/2MOLaug

Demographic Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Exacerbation Frequency Among Patients Enrolled in the Chronicle Study: A Real-World, Prospective, Observational Study of US, Subspecialist-Treated Adults with Severe Asthma

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Weily Soong, Warner Carr, Bradley E. Chipps, Dennis K. Ledford, Njira Lugogo, Wendy C. Moore, Reynold A. Panettieri, Jennifer Trevor, Laura Belton, Frank Trudo, Christopher S. Ambrose



http://bit.ly/2DSCHDF

Withdrawn

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s):



http://bit.ly/2MP1lYu

DNA Methylation Predicts BMI Status Change from Pre-Adolescence to Post-Adolescence

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Jiajing WANG, Hongmei Zhang, Syed H. Arshad, John W. Holloway



http://bit.ly/2MRcJTJ

The Influence of Patient Anxiety and Perception on the Effectiveness of Drug Allergy Testing

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): Christine Rukasin, Cosby A. Stone, David G. Schlundt, Kemberlee Bonnet, Elizabeth J. Phillips



http://bit.ly/2DTxwmT

Diversity Among Allergic March Trajectories

Publication date: February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 143, Issue 2, Supplement

Author(s): David A. Hill, Robert Grundmeier, Jonathan M. Spergel



http://bit.ly/2MO4Aj3

The effects of premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) on oral feeding of preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Hadiseh Ghomi, Fariba Yadegari, Farin Soleimani, Brenda Lessen Knoll, Mahdi Noroozi, Ali Mazouri

Abstract
Objective

Given the increase in the birth and survival rate of the premature infants, a need for supportive health care services becomes more evident. The goal of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) in the feeding progression and early intervention. This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Methods

This clinical trial included premature infants in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two hospitals in Tehran, who were randomly assigned into intervention and control group, each containing 15 infants. The PIOMI was administered to the intervention group in the course of 10 days. The infants in the control group received routine nursing services. Repeated measures ANOVA (RMA) were analyzed. The postmenstrual age and weight of the participants were examined at the time points of accomplishing one, four, and eight oral feedings a day and at the time of hospital discharge.

Results

The intervention group reached the first oral feeding (with a mean of 7.2 days) and eight oral feeding (with a mean of 13.47 days) earlier than the control group. The length of hospital stay in intervention group was significantly shorter (P=0.03). RMA wasn't statistically significant between groups for weight (F: 0.76, P: 0.39, ŋ: 0.03); but within-subjects test showed that change of the weight over time and for interaction of time and group was significant (F: 74.437, P <0.001, ŋ: 0.727). The effect size of infants' age in the measurement times was 91%.

Conclusion

the results revealed that PIOMI is a fruitful method for premature infants. We suggest that PIOMI can be integrated in feeding rehabilitation programs of the premature infants born with gestational age of as young as 26-29 weeks, and applied at 29 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

The clinical trial registration number

IRCT20180410039260N1.



http://bit.ly/2DdkUFq

Using Anxiolytics in a Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic to Avoid the Operating Room

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Quinn Orb, Aida Rezaie, Sheldon Furst, Jeremy D. Meier, Albert H. Park

Abstract
Introduction

There is increasing concern regarding the risks associated with the use of general anesthesia in pediatric patients. Many otolaryngologic procedures performed under general anesthesia can also be performed in clinic. We hypothesize that anxiolytics can aid in performing common procedures in clinic thus avoiding the need to undergo general anesthesia in the OR.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing inoffice procedures with anxiolytics in our pediatric otolaryngology outpatient clinic between February 2013 and January 2017. Charts were reviewed for age, past medical history, procedure type/duration, and outcome. These results were then compared to a cohort undergoing similar procedures in the OR.

Results

A total of 34 patients underwent an in-office procedure with an anxiolytic. The success rate was 97% (33/34). The average age was 6.2 years. Six children (17%) had a known history of chromosomal abnormalities and 2 children (6%) had autism. The four most common procedures performed were cerumen impaction removal (8), flexible laryngoscopy (6), ear canal foreign body removal (5), and septal cautery (4). Performing similar procedures in the OR resulted in an average additional cost of $822.

Conclusions

Performing procedures with anxiolytics in a pediatric otolaryngology clinic is safe, expeditious, and cost-effective. Anxiolytics can provide an effective alternative to general anesthesia.



http://bit.ly/2G9YGIs

Acknowledgements to referees 2018



http://bit.ly/2SoTXbC

Neonatal Vocal Fold Motion Impairment After Complex Aortic Arch Reconstruction: What Should Parents Expect After Diagnosis?

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Jennifer Rodney, Jess Thompson, Michael Anderson, Harold Burkhart

Abstract
Objectives

To study the incidence, sequelae, follow up, and recovery rate of vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) after complex aortic arch reconstruction in neonates.

Study design

Retrospective case control study.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 105 neonates who underwent complex aortic arch reconstruction from 2014-2016. We compared patients that did have VFMI compared to a control group of patients with normal vocal fold movement. Descriptive statistics were computed for all demographic and clinical variables by treatment group.

Results

36% of patients were evaluated for VFMI (n=38) by an otolaryngologist. The incidence of VFMI was 22% (n= 23). Females were more likely to have VFMI (p= 0.02). Aspiration was more common in patients with VFMI (p=0.006). The difference in age, weight, incidence of pneumonia, nasogastric tube, gastrostomy, total length of stay, genetic anomaly, and reintubation was not significant between the VFMI group and control group (p> 0.05). Tracheostomy was not performed in any patients with unilateral paralysis. Only 61% of patients followed up in clinic (n=14). 64% of patients showed improvement or resolution (n=9). Average time to improvement was 4.8 months. Average time to complete resolution was 10.5 months.

Conclusions

VFMI after complex aortic arch reconstruction is relatively common. Despite increased aspiration in patients with VFMI, pneumonia did not occur at all in either group. Tracheostomy was not necessary in any patients with a unilateral paralysis. Most patients showed an improvement in the VFMI within 5 months of surgery. Our data support the need for otolaryngology follow-up.



http://bit.ly/2G9Am9v

Regulatory T Lymphocytes are Associated with Increased Nasopharyngeal Colonization in Children

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Jessica Jane Browne, Evan Howard Matthews, Andrew William Taylor-Robinson, Jennelle Maree Kyd

Abstract
Objectives

Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) have been linked to survival of commensal bacteria at mucosal sites, but their presence and role in chronic otitis media (COM) and their response to otopathogens has not been evaluated previously. We investigated the association between Treg lymphocytes and otopathogens in COM prone and non-COM prone children.

Methods

Forty children, 2 to 7 years of age, scheduled for adenoidectomy were enrolled into COM (n = 20) or non-COM (n = 20) groups. Adenoid biopsy and nasopharyngeal aspirate bacteriology were assessed by conventional culture techniques. Peripheral blood and adenoid lymphocytes were stained with viability stain, monoclonal anti-CD19, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD25 and anti-CD127. Cells were stained intracellularly with monoclonal anti-FoxP3 and then quantified by flow cytometry.

Results

Children with nasopharyngeal otopathogen-positive culture had significantly more circulating CD3+CD4+FoxP3+CD25hi+CD127lo+ lymphocytes (M = 4.4%) compared to culture-negative children (M = 3.1%, p = 0.005). Circulating CD19+ lymphocytes were significantly increased in children with positive Moraxella catarrhalis nasopharyngeal culture (M = 12.4%) compared to culture-negative children (M = 8.6%, p = 0.006). Adenoid-derived lymphocytes were not significantly different in children with any positive nasopharyngeal culture compared to negative culture. Lymphocyte subsets were not significantly different between COM and non-COM prone children.

Conclusion

Clinically-detectable otopathogen nasopharyngeal culture is positively associated with Treg lymphocytes, potentially inducing suppressive effector responses to promote colonization and infection chronicity. This finding supports further investigation of Treg lymphocyte activity and influence on upper airway colonization of young children.



http://bit.ly/2GchK90

Sleep disordered breathing in children – diagnostic questionnaires, comparative analysis

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Marcin Burghard, Eliza Brożek-Mądry, Antoni Krzeski

Abstract
Study Objectives

The purpose of this work is to present available questionnaires enabling diagnostic screening when obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in a child is suspected or its effects are observed and polysomnography is unavailable. These questionnaires are designed to facilitate further diagnostic process or even therapeutic decisions, aid in selecting the optimal one for the specified conditions of clinical practice, with the caveat that none of these represents a diagnostic equivalent to PSG.

Methods

The questionnaires subjected to analysis: Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), Sleep Clinical Record (SCR), OSA-18 score (OSA-18), Brouilette score (BS), "I'm Sleepy" questionnaire (I'M SLEEPY), and "Sleeping Sleepless Sleepy Disturbed Rest" questionnaire (SSSDR).

The comparative analysis of questionnaires included the following parameters: simplicity and time of administer; necessity to engage a physician or other trained individual; taking into account examination of the patient; type and scope of considered symptoms and consequences of obstructive SDB, sensitivity, specificity, recommendations of the guidelines.

Results

Seven questionnaires were subjected to analysis with presentation of their similarities and differences. Six out of seven were evaluated as simple in administration. Time required to fulfill the questionnaires ranged between 1 and 60 minutes. Three of them involved a physician or a trained personnel. Physical examination was necessary in two out of seven questionnaires. Sensitivity was estimated in 5 of them and ranged between 59 and 96%. Specificity ranged between 46 and 72%.

Conclusions

Several questionnaires enabling quick, simple, and inexpensive screening for OSAS have been created. Four (of the seven analyzed) questionnaires may be useful in diagnosis of obstructive SDB in children – two follow current (2015) recommendations. However, there is a need for further work on optimizing such tools, particularly on improving their specificity.



http://bit.ly/2DdkNtu

Genetic susceptibility to aminoglycoside ototoxicity

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Tien Nguyen, Anita Jeyakumar

Abstract
Introduction

Aminoglycosides are a well-known clinically relevant antibiotic family used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals and can produce toxic side effects. Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss (HL) has been shown to have a genetic susceptibility. Mitochondrial DNA mutations have been implicated in inherited and acquired hearing impairment.

Objective

Literature review of genetic mutations associated with aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity.

Methods

PubMed was accessed from 1993 to 2017 using the search terms "aminoglycoside, genetic, ototoxicity, hearing loss". Exclusion criteria consisted of a literature in a language other than English, uncompleted or ongoing studies, literature with non-hearing related diseases, literature on ototoxicity due to cisplatin/carboplatin based chemotherapy, literature on ototoxicity from loop diuretics, animal studies, literature studying oto-protective agents, and literature without documented aminoglycoside exposure.

Results

108 articles were originally identified, and 25 articles were included in our review. Mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutations were identified in all 25 studies in a total of 220 patients. Eight studies identified A1555G mutation as primary genetic factor underlying HL in cases of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. The next most common mutation identified was C1494T.

Discussion

Mitochondrial 12s rRNA mutation A1555G was present in American, Chinese, Arab-Israeli, Spanish and Mongolian ethnicities. All mutations leading to aminoglycoside ototoxicity were mitochondrial mutations.

Conclusions

Consideration of preexisting genetic defects may be valuable in treatments involving aminoglycosides. In particular populations such as those of Chinese origin, clinicians should continue to consider the increased susceptibility to aminoglycosides.



http://bit.ly/2Ddl9jO

Caspse-11-GSDMD pathway is required for serum ferritin secretion in sepsis

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Dan Wang, Songlin Yu, Yening Zhang, Lingmin Huang, Yiting Tang, Kai Zhao, Ben Lu

Abstract

Ferritin is the major iron storage molecule of vertebrates, which can be detected in serum under numerous conditions, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and malignant diseases. Given this character, serum ferritin is frequently used as a biomarker in clinical settings. How the ferritin secreted to the serum has attracted much attention. Although some studies have found ferritin was mediated via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi secretion pathway or secretory lysosomes trafficking pathway under normal conditions, the secretion pathway of ferritin under pathological conditions, especially in sepsis is not very clear. In this report, we adopt a murine sepsis model to study the secretion pathway of ferritin in sepsis. We demonstrated caspase-11-GSDMD pathway and associated pyroptosis are required for secretion of ferritin in vitro and in vivo in sepsis. Moreover, our work connects pyroptosis to serum ferritin secretion and suggests a passive release process of ferritin, enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of ferritin secretion.



http://bit.ly/2BkRKnD

Corrigendum to “Using single cell analysis for translational studies in immune mediated diseases: Opportunities and challenges” [Mol. Immunol. 103 (2018) 191–199]

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2019

Source: Molecular Immunology

Author(s): Siddhartha Sharma, Louis Gioia, Brian Abe, Marie Holt, Anne Costanzo, Lisa Kain, Andrew Su, Luc Teyton



http://bit.ly/2SbGVin

Bite force measurements for objective evaluations of orthodontic tooth movement-induced pain in rats

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Hu Long, Di Shan, Renhuan Huang, He Liu, Yang Zhou, Muyun Gao, Fan Jian, Yan Wang, Wenli Lai

Abstract
Objective

To examine the reliability of bite force for evaluating orthodontic tooth movement-induced pain in rats.

Design

Orthodontic tooth movement-induced pain was induced by mounting springs (40 g) between incisors and ipsilateral molars in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five group sets of animals were used: for the first group set, 20 rats were randomly divided into a force group (n = 10) and a sham group (n = 10); for the second group set, 20 rats were divided into a 20-g group and a 80-g group; for the third group set, 20 rats were randomly divided into either a CFA group (complete freund's adjuvant) (n = 10) receiving periodontal injections of CFA at baseline or a control group (n = 10) receiving periodontal injections of saline at baseline; for the forth group set, 24 rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: force + saline, control + saline, force + antiNGF and control + NGF (NGF: nerve growth factor). Rats in the fifth group set were used for immunostaining against CGRP. Bite force and bite frequency were measured at baseline (day 0) and following interventions (day 1, day 3, day 5, day 7 and day 14). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis and a p value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance.

Results

Our results revealed that bite force was significantly smaller in the force group than in the sham group at all time points (p < .001). As compared to the control group, periodontal injections of CFA significantly decreased bite force on the 3rd day (p < .01). Moreover, bite force was significantly higher in the force + antiNGF group than in the force + saline group (p = .01 < .05) while significantly smaller in the control + NGF group than in the control + saline group (p < .05). Bite force was similar between the force + antiNGF group and the control + saline group (p = .71 > .05) and between the control + NGF group and the force + saline group (p = .58 > .05). Similar results were found for bite frequency.

Conclusion

Bite force, an indicator of mechanical hyperalgesia, is a viable and reliable index for evaluating orthodontic tooth movement-induced pain.



http://bit.ly/2Bl7pmS

Heterogeneous localization of muscarinic cholinoceptor M1 in the salivary ducts of adult mice

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Atsara Rawangwong, Suthankamon Khrongyut, Surang Chomphoo, Kohtaro Konno, Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiko Watanabe, Hisatake Kondo, Wiphawi Hipkaeo

Abstract

We hypothesize variation in expression and localization, along the course of the glandular tubule, of muscarinic cholinergic receptor M1 which plays as a distinct contribution, though minor in comparison with M3 receptor, in saliva secretion. Localization of the M1 receptor was examined using immunohistochemistry in three major salivary glands. Although all glandular cells were more or less M1-immunoreactive, acinar cells were weakly immunoreactive, while ductal cells exhibited substantial M1-immunoreactivity. Many ductal cells exhibited clear polarity with higher immunoreactivity in their apical/supra-nuclear domain. However, some exhibited indistinct polarity because of additional higher immunoreactivity in their basal/infra-nuclear domain. A small group of cells with intense immunoreactivity was found, mostly located in the intercalated ducts or in portions of the striated ducts close to the intercalated ducts. In immuno-electron microscopy, the immunoreactive materials were mainly in the cytoplasm including various vesicles and vacuoles. Unexpectedly, distinct immunoreactivity on apical and basal plasma membranes was infrequent in most ductal cells. The heterogeneous localization of M1-immunoreactivity along the gland tubular system is discussed in view of possible modulatory roles of the M1 receptor in saliva secretion.



http://bit.ly/2TyKDPQ

Could Isotretinoin flare Hidradentis suppurativa? A Case Series

Summary

We report eight cases of patients with severe acne who were treated with Isotretinoin and developed painful nodules in their axillae and groin consistent with Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS). The pathogenesis of HS is still not completely understood; recent research from a study in 2011 of biopsies from HS lesions showed a reduction or absence of sebaceous glands compared to normal skin in HS patients and the author suggested this contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. Interestingly the main effect of Isotretinoin is to decrease the size and action of sebaceous glands; so hypothetically, as Isotretinoin acts by reducing the sebaceous glands further it could potentially aggravate the condition. Our experience has instilled caution in our prescribing of Isotretinoin; patients are questioned about symptoms of HS prior to and during treatment, particularly patients with acne conglobata.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



http://bit.ly/2UFJy8L

The addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy did not reduce the rate of distant metastases in low‐risk HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer in a real‐world setting

Abstract

Background

Distant metastases (DM) are a leading cause of death for patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC). The objective of this study was to compare the rates of DM after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and radiotherapy alone (RT) in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative OPSCC.

Method

In a retrospective population‐based study of 525 patients across Ontario, Canada, in 1998/99/03/04, we compared treatment effectiveness using cumulative incidence function curves and cause‐specific Cox regression models.

Results

Sixty of 525 patients developed DM. There was no difference in rates (overall 10%‐15%) between HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative patients or between CRT‐ and RT‐treated patients. CRT reduced the risk of DM for the 15% of all HPV‐positive patients with higher risk (T4 and/or N3) and not for HPV‐negative patients (hazard ratio, 1.82 [0.65‐5.07]).

Conclusion

The addition of platin‐based chemotherapy to conventional RT did not decrease the rates of DM in the majority of patients with HPV‐positive or in HPV‐negative OPSSC.



http://bit.ly/2MPJalF

Sudden elevation of plasma D‐dimer levels induced by the combination therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib: Report of two cases

Abstract

The combination therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib revolutionized the treatment for BRAF V600‐mutated melanoma. Various adverse events have been reported for this treatment, most notably fever. Herein, we report two cases of novel an adverse event, namely sudden and significant elevation of plasma D‐dimer level induced by this therapy. In the first case, the remarkable elevation of plasma D‐dimer level up to 87.4 mg/dL was noted on day 11, and in the second case, the plasma D‐dimer level reached 125.5 mg/dL on day 25. In both cases, D‐dimer levels gradually decreased after the cessation of this therapy. Although the exact cause is not clear, we assume two possible hypotheses: the first is that the combination therapy may induce disseminated intravascular coagulation, and the second is that the therapy induced pathological condition of secondary thrombotic microangiopathies. Our cases suggest that this thrombotic adverse event should not be overlooked, and coagulation parameters need to be monitored during the course of this treatment.



http://bit.ly/2DbZoki

B‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in infants: Report of two cases on the face



http://bit.ly/2GbX2pN

Varied responses to and efficacies of hydroxychloroquine treatment according to cutaneous lupus erythematosus subtypes in Japanese patients

Abstract

Hydroxychloroquine is recommended as the first‐line systemic treatment for cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in Western countries, and it was approved in Japan in 2016. However, the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in various cutaneous lupus erythematosus subtypes in Japanese patients has not been elucidated to date. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations according to CLE subtypes in Japanese patients. We enrolled 35 patients (29 diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and six with CLE) in this retrospective study. We analyzed the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations according to cutaneous lupus erythematosus subtypes, time to the first skin improvement, as well as effects on laboratory data and reduction of concomitant immunosuppressive drug administration at 16 and 32 weeks of therapy. Complete improvement was observed at high rates for acute CLE (ACLE); however, partial or non‐improvement rates were higher for chronic CLE (CCLE) at 16 weeks. Several patients with alopecia without scarring achieved complete improvement at 32 weeks. CCLE tended to take more time to improve than ACLE. Overall, hydroxychloroquine was highly effective for skin: 87% of patients had at least some beneficial response at 16 weeks. Nevertheless, there were wide variations in complete improvement rates and duration for improvement among CLE subtypes. Our findings suggest that a therapeutic approach considering the subtypes of CLE will improve its management.



http://bit.ly/2D8Aja9

T‐cell responses against 4‐tertiarybutylphenol‐exposed pigmented cells in a patient with occupational vitiligo

Abstract

Several case studies on contact/occupational vitiligo after skin contact with 4‐tertiairybutylphenol (4‐TBP) have been reported. Biochemical and cellular effects of 4‐TBP on melanocytes have been shown in vitro, but immunological analyses explaining the immunising ability of 4‐TBP leading to wide‐spread vitiligo lesions beyond areas of primary contact are still lacking. We report here the presence of a systemic T‐cell response to 4‐TBP‐exposed pigmented cells in a patient with chemically‐induced vitiligo.

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CD103 negative memory T cells may play important roles in making regulatory T cell‐enriched environments in skin tumors

Abstract

Human skin contains resident memory T cells (TRM) and central memory T cells (TCM)1‐3. TRM are characterized by CD69 expression and can be divided into 2 subpopulations: CD103+TRM and CD103TRM. Although both TRM and TCM showed antitumor efficacy in a mouse model4, little is known about their role in human skin cancer.

We obtained T cells from basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the adjacent skin, and the distant normal skin for flow cytometry.

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http://bit.ly/2TxA7YO

Acquired linear hyperpigmentation of the lips – a new entity?

Abstract

we observed the occurrence of an acquired and long‐lasting linear hyperpigmentation located only on the lips that does not correspond to any of previously described entity.

We conducted a multicentric retrospective study from June 2016 to April 2018 to characterize the clinical presentation and to determine if it corresponds to a new entity. All the patients presenting with acquired hyperpigmentation of the lips were included. Medical files with clinical and dermoscopic pictures, if available, were analyzed. Data collected were analyzed for gender, ethnicity, skin type, age of onset, duration, course, associated symptoms and potential triggering factors. If some information was missing, the patients were eventually contacted to complete the data.

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Reliability of the supraorbital ethmoid cell vs Keros classification in predicting the course of the anterior ethmoid artery

Background

We previously showed that the supraorbital ethmoid cell (SOEC) is a reliable landmark for identifying the anterior ethmoid artery (AEA). Recent data have suggested that Keros classification is also a dependable predictor. We aim to characterize the location of the AEA and its relation to the skull base in patients with and without SOEC using the Keros classification.

Methods

Retrospective radiographic evaluation of computed tomography (CT) scans of 76 patients (40 with SOEC, 36 without) was conducted. Distance of AEA from skull base and prevalence of AEA outside of the skull base were measured on each side and compared between groups using the 2‐sample t test and χ2 test, respectively. Subgroup analysis was carried out based on the Keros classification.

Results

Mean distance of AEA from the skull base was 1.32 ± 1.5 mm in patients with SOEC and 0.47 ± 1.08 mm in those without (p < 0.001). Prevalence of AEA outside of the skull base was 53.8% in those with SOEC and 18.1% in those without (p < 0.001). Comparing patients with SOEC to those without, AEA was found below the skull base in 30% vs 0% of cases with Keros type 1 (p = 0.45), 58% vs 14.5% with Keros type 2 (p < 0.001), and 60% vs 50% with Keros type 3 (p = 0.72).

Conclusion

The presence of SOEC is associated with a higher prevalence of the AEA coursing below the level of the skull base in all Keros types, thus placing the artery at greater risk for injury. Careful surgical planning is needed to avoid potential orbital complications.



http://bit.ly/2GpCCJi

Epidemiology and trends of anaphylaxis in the United States, 2004‐2016

Background

No national study has examined the epidemiology of anaphylaxis after introduction of the codes of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10 CM). Our objective was to examine the trends in incidence and hospitalization rates in the United States utilizing ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 CM codes.

Methods

We used the Clinformatics database from 2004 to 2016. Our outcome measures included incidence of anaphylaxis and hospitalization trends. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of anaphylaxis and hospitalization.

Results

There were a total of 462,906 anaphylaxis cases. The incidence increased from 153 in 2004 to 218 in 2016 (per 100,000). Women were 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.18‐1.20) times more likely to present with anaphylaxis. Medication‐induced anaphylaxis increased 15‐fold.

Conclusion

This is the first population‐based study that included ICD‐10 CM codes to describe the epidemiology of anaphylaxis in the United States. ICD‐10 codes improved the accuracy of medication‐induced anaphylaxis, the most likely etiology to result in hospitalization.



http://bit.ly/2SwpYOM