Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τρίτη 5 Ιανουαρίου 2016
De Vlaamse patriotten en de natievorming: hoe de Vlaamse natie ophield 'klein' te zijn
Het artikel toetst de invloedrijke theorie van Miroslav Hroch over de ontwikkeling van 'kleine' naties in het territorium van een dominante natie toe aan de hand van de casus Vlaanderen. Er wordt met name aandacht besteed aan de sociale achtergrond van de Vlaamse patriotten en aan het sociaal programma dat ze ontwikkelen in relatie tot de Vlaamse natie. Het essayistische betoog verdedigt de hypothese dat de Vlaamse beweging er lange tijd niet in slaagde de arbeidersbeweging en de werkgevers te integrerenin de Vlaamse natie, waardoor die in de opvattingen van Hroch 'gedesintegreerd' bleef en dus 'klein'. De sociale achtergrond van de Vlaamse patriotten bleef beperkt tot de middengroepen; hun programma was niet of slechts in beperkte mate gericht op de integratie van andere sociale groepen. Dit veranderde pas vanaf de jaren 1960, toen enerzijds als gevolg van sociaaleconomische veranderingen de middengroepen expandeerden en anderzijds door sociaal-culturele veranderingen het Vlaams natieproject een ruimere sociale basis kreeg. De Vlaamse patriotten slaagden er in een proces van staatshervormingen op gang te brengen waardoor de Vlaamse natie zich reproduceerde in de dagelijkse realiteit. In die omstandigheden voltrok zich dan toch de massificatie van de Vlaamse natie waardoor die ophield 'klein' te zijn ten opzichte van de Belgische. Flemish Patriots and Nation-Forming. How the Flemish Nation Ceased to Be "Small" This article tests the influential theory of Miroslav Hroch concerning the development of 'small' nations within the territory of a dominant nation on the basis of the case of Flanders. Namely, attention is paid to the social background of the Flemish patriots and the social program that they developed in relation to the Flemish nation. The argument of this essay defends the hypothesis that, for a long time, the Flemish Movement did not succeed in integrating the workers' movement and employers into the Flemish nation, and thus in Hroch's conception it remained 'disintegrated' and thus 'small'. The social background of the Flemish patriots remained restricted to the middle classes; their program was barely, if at all, geared toward the integration of other social groups. This did not change until the 1960s, when, on the one hand, the middle classes expanded as a result of socioeconomic changes and, on the other hand, the Flemish national project obtained a larger social basis through sociocultural changes. Flemish patriots succeeded in getting a process of devolution underway, by which the Flemish nation reproduced itself in day-to-day life. In these circumstances, the massification of the Flemish nation happened, whereby it ceased to be 'small' with regard to the Belgian.
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Long-Term Changes in Drug Craving and Nutritional Status of Opioid Addicts with Nucleus Accumbens Ablative Stereotactic Neurosurgery at Five Years Postoperatively
Background: The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been proven to be associated with drug and food craving. NAcc ablative neurosurgery has been suggested to modulate the balance of the brain reward system and thus alleviate drug dependence in patients. It has been hypothesized that it would also alleviate food craving in patients as well as altering their nutritional status. Aims: This study aimed to estimate the effect of NAcc neurosurgery on drug craving and nutritional status in patients with drug dependence at 5 years postoperatively. Methods: The study included 100 patients with NAcc surgery and 92 patients without surgery. Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were examined to assess nutritional status, and questionnaires were administered to assess drug craving. Results: Compared with the nonsurgery group and the relapse patients from the surgery group, the nonrelapse patients from the surgery group had higher BMI and BF% but lower drug craving. There were no significant differences between the nonsurgery group and the relapse patients in BMI, but the relapse patients had higher drug craving than the nonsurgery group. Conclusions: Long-term follow-up suggested that NAcc ablative neurosurgery would alleviate drug craving and yield a better nutritional status if individuals sustained abstinence. It would increase drug craving but would not ruin the nutritional status of patients even when individuals relapsed postoperatively.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2015;93:407-414
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Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2015;93:407-414
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The Effect of Head Position and/or Stance on the Self-perception of Phonatory Effort
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Marina Gilman, Michael M. Johns
BackgroundVocal fatigue is a common but poorly defined complaint of patients presenting with voice disorders. Definitions of vocal fatigue generally include increased self-perceived phonatory effort resulting from references to vocal loading or prolonged voice use resulting in deterioration of function. The present study looks at the role of posture, specifically head position and stance, in self-perceived phonatory effort.MethodsForty-six healthy adults, 13 males and 33 females (mean age was 27.5), with no history of vocal problems/disorders within the past year were recruited. Subjects were asked to sustain the vowel /a/ at a comfortable pitch and loudness for 5–10 seconds in each of six positions: sitting and standing in the manner habitual for each subject, two exaggerated positions of the head (head back and head forward), and two exaggerated positions in standing (standing with knees locked and with knees soft). Each position was repeated three times in randomized order, resulting in 18 trials for each subject. After each repetition of the sustained /a/, subjects were asked to rate their experience of vocal effort using a 100-mm visual analog scale (0–40 least effort, 40–60 habitual effort, and 60–100 increased effort).ResultsRepeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant difference in the self-perceived phonatory effort levels across positions (P value < 0.001). The exaggerated forward and back head positions in both sitting and standing positions showed the greatest significance on the Tukey post hoc tests (P < 0.000).ConclusionsBased on the findings, posture may play a more important role in vocal fatigue than previously thought.
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Perceptual-auditory and Acoustic Analysis of Air Traffic Controllers' Voices Pre- and Postshift
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Anna C.N.W.B. Villar, Gustavo P. Korn, Renata R. Azevedo
ObjectiveTo characterize the vocal quality and acoustic parameters of voices of air traffic controllers (ATCs) without any vocal complaints before and after a shift.MethodThe voices of a group of 45 ATCs were recorded before and after a 2-hour shift, regardless of their operational position or number of previously worked shifts; both genders were included, participants had a mean age of 25 years, and they had a mean length of occupational experience of 4 years and 2 months. Each of these professionals was recorded phonating a sustained /a/ vowel and counting from 1 to 20, and the recordings were acoustically analyzed using the Praat software. A perceptual-auditory analysis of the recordings was then performed by three speech therapists specializing in voice, who evaluated the characteristics of each emission using a visual analog scale (VAS). The acoustic analysis was performed on the sustained /a/ vowel. The measures of intensity; frequency; maximum phonation time (MPT); and the first, second, third, and fourth formants were considered in this analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the random pre- and postshift samples, either in the acoustic or in the perceptual-auditory analysis. The perceptual-auditory analysis revealed that 44% (n = 20) of ATCs showed alterations in vocal quality during the sustained /a/ vowel emission, and this dysphonia was also observed in connected speech in 25% (n = 5) of this group.ConclusionPerceptual-auditory analysis of the /a/ vowel revealed that a high percentage of ATCs had vocal alterations (44%), even among a group of subjects without vocal complaints.
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Intrasubject Reliability of Maximum Phonation Time
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Aaron M. Johnson, Alicia Goldfine
Objectives/HypothesisThe primary objectives of this study were to determine the intrasubject reliability of repeated measures of maximum phonation time (MPT) duration during a single session and to examine the effects of age, sex, and total phonatory airflow on this reliability.Study DesignThis study used repeated measures.MethodsDuration and total phonatory airflow during three consecutive MPT trials were collected from 20 participants evenly distributed between age (young/old) and sex (male/female) groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to examine the reliability of MPT across trials and to test for possible effects of age and sex.ResultsIntraclass correlation for MPT duration was strong across all participants (0.86), but MPT duration was not stable across trials (F2, 32 = 3.58, P = 0.04), with the second trial having the longest duration on average (P = 0.03). There was no effect of trial on total phonatory airflow (F2, 32 = 1.08, P = 0.35). The relationship between MPT duration and total phonatory airflow, however, did not remain consistent across trials (F2, 31 = 3.58, P = 0.04). There were no effects of age or sex on any variables.ConclusionsThe variability in MPT duration across trials and the inconsistent relationship between MPT duration and total phonatory airflow indicate that there is variability in laryngeal efficiency across repeated MPT trials. Therefore, the results of this study corroborate previous research supporting the assertion that MPT is not a reliable measure of laryngeal aerodynamics.
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The Impact of Vocal Cool-down Exercises: A Subjective Study of Singers' and Listeners' Perceptions
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Kari Ragan
ObjectiveUsing subjective measures, this study investigated singers' and listeners' perceptions of changes in voice condition after vocal cool-down exercises.Study DesignA single-subject crossover was designed to evaluate whether there were discernible differences in either singer or listener perceptions from pre (no vocal cool downs) to post (with cool downs) test. Subjective questionnaires were completed throughout the study.MethodsTwenty classically trained female singers documented self-ratings and perceptual judgments through the Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily survey, the Singing Voice Handicap Index, and Self-Perceptual Questionnaires after a 60-minute voice load. Recordings were made and assessed by four expert listeners.ResultsThe assessed data from the Singing Voice Handicap Index, the Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily, and Daily Perceptual Questionnaires show 68%, 67%, and 74% of singers reported improvement, respectively. However, because of significant variability in the underlying scores, the amount of improvement was not deemed to be statistically significant. Expert listeners correctly identified the cool-down week 46% of the time.ConclusionsSingers strongly perceived positive impact from the cool-down exercises on both their speaking and singing voices. Even though the objective data were statistically insignificant, the singers' subjective data clearly indicates a perceived sense of vocal well-being after utilizing the vocal cool-down protocol. The variability in the daily life of a singer (eg, stress, menses, reflux, vocal load, and vocal hygiene) makes it difficult to objectively quantify the impact of vocal cool downs.
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Encouragement to Increase the Use of Psychosocial Skills in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Patients With Functional Dysphonia
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Jürg Kollbrunner, Eberhard Seifert
Clinicians believe that psychosocial factors play a causal role in the etiology of many forms of functional dysphonia (FD). But for decades, all attempts to confirm such causation have failed. This paper aims to show the logic of this failure, to discuss the possibilities of employing psychology in therapy nonetheless, and to encourage clinicians to use their psychosocial knowledge and skills. The failure to confirm psychic and social factors as causal in the etiology of FD is basically a consequence of a principal shortcoming of evidence-based medicine (EBM). As the gold standard for validity, reliability, and objectivity in medical research, EBM is based on calculability and hence the processing of quantitative data. But life paths and life situations are best or sometimes only expressible in qualitative, experiential, and idiographic terms. Thus EBM-guided evaluation undervalues most psychosocial studies. This report of an experienced multidisciplinary voice team proposes alternative pathways for integrating psychosocial knowledge into the diagnosis and the treatment of FD. The difference between the fields of activity of psychotherapists and speech-language pathologists is discussed, and the latter group is shown the potential benefits of using more of their psychosocial knowledge and skills.
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A Detailed Motion Analysis of the Angular Velocity Between the Vocal Folds During Throat Clearing Using High-speed Digital Imaging
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Toshihiko Iwahashi, Makoto Ogawa, Kiyohito Hosokawa, Chieri Kato, Hidenori Inohara
ObjectivesTo assess the angular velocity between the vocal folds just before the compression phase of throat clearing (TC) using high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) of the larynx.MethodsTwenty normal healthy adults (13 males and seven females) were enrolled in the study. Each participant underwent transnasal laryngo-fiberscopy, and was asked to perform weak/strong TC followed by a comfortable, sustained vowel phonation while recording an HSDI movie (4000 frames/s) of the larynx. Using a motion analysis, the changes in the vocal fold angle and angular velocity during vocal fold adduction were assessed. Subsequently, we calculated the average angular velocities in the ranges of 100–80%, 80–20%, and 20–0% from all of the angular changes.ResultsThe motion analysis demonstrated that the changes in the angular velocity resulted in polynomial-like and sigmoid curves during TC and vowel phonation, respectively. The angular velocities during weak TC were significantly higher in the 20–0%, 80–20%, and 100–80% regions (in order); the 80–20% angular velocity in vocal fold adduction during phonation was highest. The 20–0% angular velocity during strong TC was more than twofold higher than 20–0% angular velocity during phonation.ConclusionsThe present results confirmed that the closing motions of the vocal folds accelerate throughout the precompression closing phase of a TC episode, and decelerate just before the impact between the vocal folds at the onset of phonation, suggesting that the vocal fold velocity generated by TC is sufficient to damage the laryngeal tissues.
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Acacia gum improves the gut barrier functionality in vitro
The Leaky Gut Syndrome - impairment of the gut wall functionality - is involved in many inflammatory diseases, among them IBS. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of arabinogalactan (AG) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on gut wall modulation using a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME(R)) inoculated with faecal material from an IBS donor-coupled with co-cultures of enterocytes and macrophages (transwell approach using Caco-2 and THP1 cells). AG and FOS showed a different fermentation profile (more proximal for FOS and distal for AG) and both fibres exerted a potential positive effect on gut barrier (increased TEER parameter) and inflammation (modulation of cytokines IL-8, IL-6, IL-10 and NF-kappa B) in their main area of fermentation. AG could be an interesting nutritional supplement for the treatment of those conditions characterized by inflammation and increased permeability in the distal colon.
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The 'jūdō sukebei' phenomenon: when crossing the line merits more than shidō [“minor infringement”] ―Sexual harassment and inappropriate behavior in jūdō coaches and instructors
The sport of jūdō was intended as an activity "for all". Since in 1996 a major sex abuse scandal broke out that involved a Dutch top jūdō coach and several female elite athletes, international media have identified many more abuses. To date no scholarly studies exist that have examined the nature, extent, and consequences of these anomalies. We intend in this paper to review and analyze sexual abuses in jūdō. To do so we offer a descriptive jurisprudence overview of relevant court and disciplinary cases, followed by a qualititative-analytical approach looking at the potential factors that prompt jūdō-related bullying and sexual harassment. Sex offenders may be attracted to jūdō because of: 1. the extensive bodily contact during grappling, 2. the easy access to voyeuristic opportunities during contest weigh-ins and showering, 3. Jūdō's authoritarian and hierarchical structure as basis for 'grooming', 4. lack of integration of jūdō's core moral component in contemporary jūdō coach and instructor education, and 5. its increasing eroticization by elite jūdō athletes posing for nude calendars and media and by specialized pornographic jūdō manga and movies. Cultural conceptions and jurisprudence are factors that affect how people perceive the seriousness and how these offences are dealt with. A survey of 19 cases of abuse in jūdō worldwide shows that cultural conceptions and jurisprudence cause that such cases are handled in a very heterogeneous way by the law and by the jūdō governing bodies. Jūdō clubs and organizations overall suffer from a lack of expertise, intellectual insight, ethical objectivity, and solid procedures of fairness for both victim and accused, in this way often failing in both sufficiently protecting the weak from sex offenders, and in educating and reintegrating past of-fenders through jūdō activities that do not involve their victim target groups. Jūdō's moral philosophy implicitly attempts to offer a utilitarian answer as to how the jūdō community should deal with serious offences. These incidents, however, continue to show the limitations of jūdō's utopian "prosperity for all" objective.
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Behavior of malondialdehyde in oil-in-water emulsions
The impact of temperature, emulsifier, and protein type on the reactivity of malondialdehyde in oil-in-water emulsions was elucidated Malondialdehyde recoveries in aqueous buffer, protein solutions, saturated oil, and fully hydrogenated coconut oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by whey proteins or Tween 20 at 4 or 40 degrees C were compared. At both temperatures, the reactivity of malondialdehyde in aqueous buffer was the same. In protein solutions, malondialdehyde concentrations were reduced further and its decrease was protein-dependent. Similar trends were found for emulsions. Surprisingly; malondialdehyde was very reactive in saturated oil because only 1596 was recovered at 40 degrees C. However, file degradation in oil proved to be strongly temperature-dependent; at 4 degrees C, losses amounted to only 8%. This study revealed that malondialdehyde is a very reactive molecule, both in the presence and absence of proteins Its use as a general oxidation marker should therefore be considered with care.
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Bacillus cereus adhesion to simulated intestinal mucus is determined by its growth on mucin, rather than intestinal environmental parameters
Adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to intestinal mucus, the protective layer of the gastrointestinal epithelium, is often considered a virulence factor. The ability of food-poisoning Bacillus cereus strains to attach to mucus and the factors affecting this interaction have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the role of adhesion in pathogenesis of B. cereus still remains unknown. In the present study, an in vitro assay based on mucin agar was used to simulate adhesion of B. cereus to mucus. Bacterial-associated factors (e.g., strain specificity and microbial competition) known to influence adhesion to different surfaces and a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., pH and oxygen) encountered in the gastrointestinal tract were investigated. The effect of these parameters on B. cereus NVH 0500/00 mucin adhesion was generally limited even in the presence of microbial competition. This suggests that B. cereus NVH 0500/00 is a versatile pathogen. Inoculation of 4 to 5 log colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter. B. cereus NVH 0500/00 resulted in 5-6 log CFU/mL mucin-associated bacteria after a short incubation period. This indicates that this pathogenic strain could grow in the presence of mucin agar. This growth may potentially mask the effect of the studied conditions. Yet, extensive attachment of B. cereus to mucin is not necessarily a prerequisite for virulence, because other pathogenic strains do not adhere with the same efficiency to mucin. Nevertheless, adhesion may contribute to the disease by providing close contact to nutrient sources, such as mucin, which would not only result in bacterial proliferation, but also in disruption of the protective host mucus surface.
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Ingrepen van de vertaler: een typologie van weglatingen en toevoegingen in poëtische vertaling Russisch-Nederlands
Omissions and additions are countered among the most invasive translation techniques. In this contribution we explore just how invasive they are and how often they occur in poetic translation. In search for answers an empiric study has been carried out on a small Russian-Dutch corpus comprising translated poetry of the Russian dissident poet Alexander Galich. The study also yields a typology for omissions and additions based on the cases found in the corpus. Trends concerning omissions and additions of repetitions have been discussed separately. The research shows that both translation techniques are actually less invasive than one would think. Omissions occur less often than additions and many omissions appear to be relatively neutral. In case of invasive omissions the translators are more prepared to sacrifice information rather than make the text more implicit. Additions with explicitation occur just as often as those with additional information. The use of both translation techniques may be motivated by poetic form, the translator's personal preference but the main goal is to optimize the accessibility of the target text. A separate typology has been proposed for the omissions and additions of repetitions that mostly serve to preserve the source-text style or to boost lexical variation.
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The crystal structure of a 2[prime or minute],4[prime or minute]-BNANC[N-Me]-modified antisense gapmer in complex with the target RNA
Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC08300A, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC08300A, Communication
Jiro Kondo, Yusuke Nomura, Yukiko Kitahara, Satoshi Obika, Hidetaka Torigoe
Crystal structure of a 2[prime or minute],4[prime or minute]-BNANC[N-Me]-modified antisense gapmer provides insights into its excellent antisense properties.
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Crystal structure of a 2[prime or minute],4[prime or minute]-BNANC[N-Me]-modified antisense gapmer provides insights into its excellent antisense properties.
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A versatile water-soluble chelating and radical scavenging platform
Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC08198J, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC08198J, Communication
Meital Eckshtain-Levi, Ronit Lavi, Dmitry S. Yufit, Bareket Daniel, Omer Green, Ohad Fleker, Michal Richman, Shai Rahimipour, Arie Gruzman, Laurent Benisvy
The reported water-soluble, non-cytotoxic phenol-diamide compound, 1OH, is capable of both, trapping ROS species and chelating Cu(II)/Fe(III) ions; thereby inducing a protective effect against ROS induced cell death.
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The reported water-soluble, non-cytotoxic phenol-diamide compound, 1OH, is capable of both, trapping ROS species and chelating Cu(II)/Fe(III) ions; thereby inducing a protective effect against ROS induced cell death.
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Synthesis of inherently chiral calixarenes via direct mercuration of the partial cone conformation
Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09388K, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09388K, Communication
Petr Slavik, Michal Kohout, Stanislav Bohm, Vaclav Eigner, Pavel Lhotak
Regioselective mercuration of calix[4]arene in the partial cone conformation enabled a straightforward access to a novel type of inherently chiral calixarenes with a highly distorted cavity.
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Regioselective mercuration of calix[4]arene in the partial cone conformation enabled a straightforward access to a novel type of inherently chiral calixarenes with a highly distorted cavity.
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A biphenyl containing two electron-donating and two electron-accepting moieties: a rigid and small donor-acceptor-donor ladder system
Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC03063C, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC03063C, Communication
Tobias W. Greulich, Naoya Suzuki, Constantin G. Daniliuc, Aiko Fukazawa, Eriko Yamaguchi, Armido Studer, Shigehiro Yamaguchi
A small ladder-type donor-acceptor-donor [small pi]-system, a biphenyl furnishing two phosphine oxide bridges and two amino groups, showed significantly red-shifted absorption and fluorescence.
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A small ladder-type donor-acceptor-donor [small pi]-system, a biphenyl furnishing two phosphine oxide bridges and two amino groups, showed significantly red-shifted absorption and fluorescence.
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An ambipolar organic field-effect transistor based on an AIE-active single crystal with a high mobility level of 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1
Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09702A, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09702A, Communication
Jian Deng, Yuanxiang Xu, Liqun Liu, Cunfang Feng, Jia Tang, Yu Gao, Yan Wang, Bing Yang, Ping Lu, Wensheng Yang, Yuguang Ma
Ambipolar OFETs based on AIE-active materials were demonstrated to have a high and balanced mobility level of 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Ambipolar OFETs based on AIE-active materials were demonstrated to have a high and balanced mobility level of 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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I2-induced SC-SC transformation within two-dimensional Zn(II)-triazole framework: an ideal detector of cyano-containing molecules
Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09279E, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09279E, Communication
Ying Wang, Jin-Min Yi, Meng-Yuan Zhang, Ping Xu, Xiao-Jun Zhao
A SC-SC transformation process driven by I2 has been shown to generate a 2D + 1D [rightward arrow] 2D interpenetrated architecture from a 2D + 2D [rightward arrow] 2D network. For the first time we demonstrate a selective sensor toward cyano-containing molecules.
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A SC-SC transformation process driven by I2 has been shown to generate a 2D + 1D [rightward arrow] 2D interpenetrated architecture from a 2D + 2D [rightward arrow] 2D network. For the first time we demonstrate a selective sensor toward cyano-containing molecules.
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Confinement effects on the shape and composition of bimetallic nano-objects in carbon nanotubes
Chem. Commun., 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09037G, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09037G, Communication
X. Li, T. Hungria, C. Garcia Marcelot, M. R. Axet, P.-F. Fazzini, R. P. Tan, P. Serp, K. Soulantica
The shape and the composition of bimetallic alloys prepared by in situ reduction of molecular precursors depends on the carbon nanotube diameter.
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The shape and the composition of bimetallic alloys prepared by in situ reduction of molecular precursors depends on the carbon nanotube diameter.
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Small Quinolinium-Based Enzymatic Probes via Blue-to-Red Ratiometric Fluorescence
Analyst, 2016, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C5AN02480C, Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C5AN02480C, Paper
Pan Wang, Jiajun Du, Huijing Liu, Guoqiang Bi, Guoqing Zhang
A small fluorescence ratiometric probe consisting of a single dye species, N-methyl-6-hydroxyquinolinium (MHQ), and coupled enzymatic substrates, exhibits a dramatic colour change (deep blue to red) and possesses a huge...
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A small fluorescence ratiometric probe consisting of a single dye species, N-methyl-6-hydroxyquinolinium (MHQ), and coupled enzymatic substrates, exhibits a dramatic colour change (deep blue to red) and possesses a huge...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Determination of the ratio of fluorophore/nanoparticle for fluorescence-labelled nanoparticles
Analyst, 2016, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C5AN02405F, Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C5AN02405F, Paper
Mario Menendez-Miranda, Jose Manuel Costa-Fernandez, Jorge Ruiz Encinar, Wolfgang J Parak, Carolina Carrillo-Carrion
Optical analysis based on fluorescence labeling has been extensively used for the selective tagging of a wide range of biomedical important targets or for sensing purposes. Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) offer...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Optical analysis based on fluorescence labeling has been extensively used for the selective tagging of a wide range of biomedical important targets or for sensing purposes. Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) offer...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Cross-Sectional Nakagami Images in Passive Stretches Reveal Damage of Injured Muscles
Muscle strain is still awanting a noninvasive quantitatively diagnosis tool. High frequency ultrasound (HFU) improves image resolution for monitoring changes of tissue structures, but the biomechanical factors may influence ultrasonography during injury detection. We aim to illustrate the ultrasonic parameters to present the histological damage of overstretched muscle with the consideration of biomechanical factors. Gastrocnemius muscles from mice were assembled and ex vivo passive stretching was performed before or after injury. After injury, the muscle significantly decreased mechanical strength. Ultrasonic images were obtained by HFU at different deformations to scan in cross and longitudinal orientations of muscle. The ultrasonography was quantified by echogenicity and Nakagami parameters (NP) for structural evaluation and correlated with histological results. The injured muscle at its original length exhibited decreased echogenicity and NP from HFU images. Cross-sectional ultrasonography revealed a loss of correlation between NP and passive muscle stretching that suggested a special scatterer pattern in the cross section of injured muscle. The independence of NP during passive stretching of injured muscle was confirmed by histological findings in ruptured collagen fibers, decreased muscle density, and increased intermuscular fiber space. Thus, HFU analysis of NP in cross section represents muscle injury that may benefit the clinical diagnosis.
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Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Medication with Antibiotics in Al Wazarat Health Center, Riyadh City, KSA
Background. Antibiotics are responsible for most dramatic improvement in medical therapy in history. These medications contributed significantly to the decreasing mortality and morbidity when prescribed based on evidence of microbial infection. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of self-prescription with antibiotics in Al Wazarat Health Center, Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Al Wazarat Health Center between February 2014 and November 2014. Respondents were randomly selected using a multistage clustered random sampling technique. Data was entered into SPSS version 21 and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models were applied. Results. A total of 681 patients have participated in this study with a response rate of 92%. The prevalence of self-prescription with antibiotics in Al Wazarat Health Center was 78.7%. Amoxicillin was the most used self-prescribed antibiotic with prevalence of (22.3%). Friend advice on self-prescription of antibiotics use () and pharmacy near to the participants () were the most common predictors for self-prescription with antibiotics. Conclusion. The level of self-prescribing antibiotics is relatively high among participants. Health education on the appropriate use of antibiotics is highly recommended. The proper use of treatment guidelines for antibiotic therapy will significantly reduce self-prescription with antibiotics.
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Outcomes of Various Interventions for First-Time Perianal Abscesses in Children
Introduction. In children treated surgically for first-time perianal abscesses, discovery and excision of concomitant fistulas may also be warranted. Aim. To evaluate children of varying age after incision and drainage of first-time perianal abscesses, examining recurrences rates with and without search for a fistula. Method. A retrospective review was conducted, analyzing children (ages 0–15 years) treated for first-time perianal abscesses at a tertiary pediatric surgical center, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results. A total of 104 patients subjected to 112 treatments for first-time perianal abscesses were eligible. Surgical procedures constituted 84 (75%) of treatments, searching for fistulas in 49 (58%). In 34 (69%), fistulas were confirmed and treated. In the surgically treated subset, the recurrence rate was higher if no attempt was made to exclude a fistula (46%), as opposed to confirmed absence of a fistula (27%) or concurrent fistulotomy (9%; ). Younger patients showed a higher recurrence rate (12/26; 46%), compared with older counterparts (11/58; 19%) (). Conclusion. In children surgically treated for first-time perianal abscess, recurrence rates appear to be lowered by locating and treating coexisting fistulas.
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Neurolinguistics: Structure, Function, and Connectivity in the Bilingual Brain
Advances in neuroimaging techniques and analytic methods have led to a proliferation of studies investigating the impact of bilingualism on the cognitive and brain systems in humans. Lately, these findings have attracted much interest and debate in the field, leading to a number of recent commentaries and reviews. Here, we contribute to the ongoing discussion by compiling and interpreting the plethora of findings that relate to the structural, functional, and connective changes in the brain that ensue from bilingualism. In doing so, we integrate theoretical models and empirical findings from linguistics, cognitive/developmental psychology, and neuroscience to examine the following issues: (1) whether the language neural network is different for first (dominant) versus second (nondominant) language processing; (2) the effects of bilinguals' executive functioning on the structure and function of the "universal" language neural network; (3) the differential effects of bilingualism on phonological, lexical-semantic, and syntactic aspects of language processing on the brain; and (4) the effects of age of acquisition and proficiency of the user's second language in the bilingual brain, and how these have implications for future research in neurolinguistics.
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Primary pulmonary giant cell tumor: 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging
Publication date: Available online 4 January 2016
Source:Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular
Author(s): R.S. Plowman, B.D. Nguyen
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Neuronal and brain morphological changes in animal models of schizophrenia
Publication date: 15 March 2016
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 301
Author(s): Gonzalo Flores, Julio César Morales-Medina, Alfonso Diaz
Schizophrenia, a severe and debilitating disorder with a high social burden, affects 1% of the adult world population. Available therapies are unable to treat all the symptoms, and result in strong side effects. For this reason, numerous animal models have been generated to elucidate the pathophysiology of this disorder. All these models present neuronal remodeling and abnormalities in spine stability. It is well known that the complexity in dendritic arborization determines the number of receptive synaptic contacts. Also the loss of dendritic spines and arbor stability are strongly associated with schizophrenia. This review evaluates changes in spine density and dendritic arborization in animal models of schizophrenia. By understanding these changes, pharmacological treatments can be designed to target specific neural systems to attenuate neuronal remodeling and associated behavioral deficits.
Graphical abstract
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Durable and Self-Healing Superamphiphobic Coatings Repellent Even towards Hot Liquids
Chem. Commun., 2016, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09951J, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09951J, Communication
Bucheng Li, Junping Zhang
Durable and self-healing superamphiphobic coatings with high repellency to both cool and hot liquids are successfully prepared on various substrates by the combination of rodlike palygorskite and organosilanes via spray-coating....
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Durable and self-healing superamphiphobic coatings with high repellency to both cool and hot liquids are successfully prepared on various substrates by the combination of rodlike palygorskite and organosilanes via spray-coating....
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Hydrophobic-Induced Prestaining Fluorescent Method for Protein Detection in Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Chem. Commun., 2016, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09377E, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09377E, Communication
Zhe Li, Weijiang Guan, Chao Lu, Xi-Rui Zhou, Shi-Zhong Luo, Ying You, Jin Ouyang
Traditional prestaining fluorescent methods for protein detection in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are generally achieved by the formation of covalent bonds between staining reagents and proteins. Herein, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Traditional prestaining fluorescent methods for protein detection in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are generally achieved by the formation of covalent bonds between staining reagents and proteins. Herein, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)...
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Bariatric Surgery in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is recognised as an effective treatment strategy for obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An increasing number of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus also suffer with obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities but the role of bariatric and metabolic surgery in this group of patients is unclear. This systematic review investigates published English language scientific literature to understand the results of bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We found that these patients can experience significant weight loss and comorbidity resolution with bariatric surgery. Though most patients also see a decline in total insulin requirement, glycaemic control remains difficult. Most of the patients reported in literature have undergone gastric bypass but data is insufficient to recommend any particular procedure.
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Long-term Weight and Metabolic Effects of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Calibrated with a 50-Fr Bougie
Abstract
Background
Most surgeons calibrate the sleeve with 32-French (Fr) to 40-Fr bougies hypothesizing that smaller bougies are associated with greater weight loss and long-term lower weight regain. The purpose of this study was to assess the weight loss results and resolution of comorbidities 5 years after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).
Methods
A prospective study of all the morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy calibrated with a 50-Fr bougie between October 2007 and February 2010 was performed. Excess weight loss (EWL) and remission of comorbidities were investigated at 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery.
Results
Fifty patients were included for the analysis. One year after surgery, mean excess weight loss (EWL) of 81.8 % was achieved, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resolution rate was 76.9 %, hypertension resolution was observed in 73.3 %, sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) resolution in 100 % hypertriglyceridemia was normalized in all the cases, and hypercholesterolemia in 21.4 %. Two years after surgery, mean EWL was 84.4 % and comorbidity resolution rate similar to that obtained after the first postoperative year. Five years after surgery, mean EWL was 78.7 %, T2DM resolution 69.2 %, hypertension 66.7 %, SAHS 100 %, hypertriglyceridemia 100 %, and hypercholesterolemia 14.3 %.
Conclusions
LSG calibrated with a 50-Fr bougie obtained excellent results in weight loss and resolution comorbidities and their maintenance in the long-term follow-up in our series. In our opinion, the results depend more on a preoperative correct selection of candidates and a close postoperative follow-up, rather than using a narrow calibration bougie.
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Changes in Bone Metabolism in Morbidly Obese Patients After Bariatric Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background
The aim is to evaluate via meta-analysis bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery.
Methods
We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published before January 2014. The following outcomes were evaluated: serum calcium, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], serum or urinary N-telopeptide (NTX), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and bone mineral density (BMD).
Results
Ten studies, including 344 patients, met our inclusion criteria. Results showed a significant decrease in serum calcium (MD = −0.10, 95 %CI −0.14 to −0.07, P < 0.00001) and increase in serum PTH (MD = 12.41, 95 %CI 6.51 to 18.31, P < 0.00001) but no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D (MD = 1.35, 95 %CI −1.12 to 3.83, P = 0.28) following bariatric surgery. There were significant increases in serum or urinary NTX (MD = 18.49, 95 %CI 3.33 to 33.66, P = 0.02) and BSAP (MD = 7.47, 95 %CI 0.21 to 14.72, P = 0.04) but a significant decrease in BMD (MD = −0.08, 95 %CI −0.13 to −0.04, P < 0.00001) after bariatric surgery.
Conclusion
BMD was significantly decreased, while bone turnover was elevated, and bone remodeling was accelerated following bariatric surgery. Basal bone metabolism should be evaluated preoperatively. To prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone loss, calcium and vitamin D should be monitored closely and supplemented accordingly after the surgery.
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Management of Excessive Weight Loss Following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Clinical Algorithm and Surgical Techniques
Abstract
Background
There are no clinical guidelines or published studies addressing excessive weight loss and protein calorie malnutrition following a standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to guide nutritional management and treatment strategies. This study demonstrates the presentation, clinical algorithm, surgical technique, and outcomes of patients afflicted and successfully treated with excessive weight loss following a standard RYGB.
Methods
Three patients were successfully reversed to normal anatomy after evaluation, management, and treatment by multidisciplinary team. Lowest BMI (kg/m2) was 18.9, 17.9, and 14.2, respectively.
Results
Twelve-month post-operative BMI (kg/m2) was 28.9, 22.8, and 26.1, respectively. Lowest weight (lbs) was 117, 128, and 79, respectively. Twelve-month post-operative weight (lbs) was 179, 161, and 145, respectively. Pre-reversal gastrostomy tube was inserted into the remnant stomach to demonstrate weight gain and improve nutritional status prior to reversal to original anatomy.
Conclusion
We propose a practical clinical algorithm for the work-up and management of patients with excessive weight loss and protein calorie malnutrition after standard RYGB including reversal to normal anatomy.
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Conversion of Vertical Banded Gastroplasty to Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass: a Step-By-Step Teaching Video
Abstract
Purpose
Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) has been demonstrated to be disappointing for long-term weight loss and quality of life (Br J Surg 100:222–230, 2013). Laparoscopic revisional gastric bypass has been found to be feasible, but this procedure in case of prior VBG is deemed both challenging and difficult and should be performed by experienced surgeons (Obes Surg 22:1554–1561, 2012; Surg Endosc 27:558–564, 2013).
Materials and Methods
We present the case of a 56-year-old man with a body mass index (BMI) of 39.6 kg/m2 who had undergone open VBG, 11 years ago (initial BMI 39.2 kg/m2). He was referred to our tertiary care center for weight regain and daily vomiting.
Results
In this high definition multimedia video, we present a step-by-step laparoscopic conversion of VBG to gastric bypass. After careful adhesiolysis, key points of such procedure are resizing of the small gastric pouch and resection of the enlarged gastric pouch with the band and the upper portion of the remnant fundus, in order to avoid leakage or blind stomach pouch. No adverse outcomes occurred during the postoperative period.
Conclusion
Laparoscopic conversion of previous open VBG to gastric bypass is a challenging procedure. Learning the key points of such procedure is mandatory to limit postoperative complications.
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Laparoscopic Undo of Fundoplication with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in a Morbidly Obese Patient with Prior Nissen’s Fundoplication: A Video Report
Abstract
Background
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may be a better option for morbidly obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) for long-term reflux control. It is recommended after fundoplication if a patient is morbidly obese with GERD with failed fundoplication or if bariatric surgery is planned with a prior successful fundoplication (Kim et al., Am Surg 80(7):696–703, 2014; Kambiz Zainabadi, Surg Endosc. 22(12):2737–40, 2008). Complete takedown of the wrap to avoid stapling over the fundoplication creating an obstructed, septated pouch is needed (Kambiz Zainabadi, Surg Endosc. 22(12):2737–40, 2008). The aim of this video was to demonstrate the technical aspect of dissection and undo of Nissen's fundoplication followed by performance of a RYGB in a morbidly obese patient with GERD with prior successful Nissen's fundoplication opting for bariatric surgery after a year.
Methods
We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with a BMI of 36.14 with previous laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication for severe GERD (controlled after surgery) and a prior laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair who presented for bariatric surgery 1 year after fundoplication. She was successfully treated by laparoscopic undo of the fundoplication with RYGB.
Results
In this multimedia high-definition video, we present step-by-step the laparoscopic undo of a Nissen's fundoplication followed by RYGB. The procedure included lysis of all adhesions between the liver and the stomach, dissection of the diaphragmatic crura, complete takedown of the wrap, repair of the hiatal hernia, creation of a gastric pouch, creation of an antecolic Roux limb, gastrojejunal anastomosis, and jejuno-jejunal anastomosis.
Conclusion
Laparoscopic RYGB after fundoplication in morbidly obese patients with GERD is a technically difficult but feasible option.
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