Twelve-month outcomes in patients with retinal vein occlusion treated with low-frequency intravitreal ranibizumab

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Long-term follow-up of vitrectomy, with or without 360° encircling buckle, for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment due to inferior retinal breaks

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Critical Role of the Sphingolipid Pathway in Stroke: a Review of Current Utility and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Abstract

Sphingolipids are a series of cell membrane-derived lipids which act as signaling molecules and play a critical role in cell death and survival, proliferation, recognition, and migration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a key signaling molecule and regulates lymphocyte trafficking, glial cell activation, vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, and neuronal death pathways which plays a critical role in numerous neurological conditions. Stroke is a second leading cause of death all over the world and effective therapies are still in great demand, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke as well as poststroke repair. Significantly, sphingolipid activities change after stroke and correlate with stroke outcome, which has promoted efforts to testify whether the sphingolipid pathway could be a novel therapeutic target in stroke. The sphingolipid metabolic pathway, the connection between the pathway and stroke, as well as therapeutic interventions to manipulate the pathway to reduce stroke-induced brain injury are discussed in this review.

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Bullous Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma Masquerading as Aplasia Cutis Congenita

Abstract

We present the case of a male infant with violaceous bullae on the scalp that were initially thought to be bullous aplasia cutis but at 3 months of age were diagnosed as a kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. This diagnosis should be considered when evaluating newborns with bullous plaques on the scalp that do not heal in the first 2–3 weeks of life. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor that typically presents as a violaceous to purpuric plaque at birth or early infancy. It may be associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP), a potentially life-threatening consumptive coagulopathy.

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Is Gianotti–Crosti Syndrome Associated with Atopy? A Case–Control Study and a Postulation on the Intrinsic Host Factors in Gianotti–Crosti Syndrome

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate whether Gianotti–Crosti syndrome (GCS) in children is associated with atopy.

Methods

The setting was two outpatient clinic. Diagnoses of asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) were made according to internationally accepted diagnostic criteria. Allergic rhinitis, atopic urticaria, and allergic conjunctivitis were diagnosed clinically. Participants were children with GCS diagnosed over the previous 5 years. For any child with GCS, we extracted the record of the subsequent age and sex pair-matched child seen for problems unrelated to the skin as controls.

Results

We retrieved the records of 37 pairs of study and control subjects; 28 (76%) children with GCS and 9 (24%) controls had AD (risk ratio [RR] = 3.11[95% confidence interval {CI} 1.73, 5.73]), 31 (84%) children with GCS and 19 (51%) controls had at least one atopic condition (RR = 1.63 [95% CI 1.13, 2.18]) and 11 (30%) children with GCS and 2 (5%) controls had at least three atopic conditions (RR = 5.50 [95% CI 1.29, 35.35]).

Conclusion

GCS is significantly associated with AD and the presence of atopic conditions.

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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 1007: PBK/TOPK Expression Predicts Prognosis in Oral Cancer

Oral cancer is a common cancer with poor prognosis. We evaluated the expression of PBK/TOPK (PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase) and its prognostic significance in oral cancer. PBK/TOPK expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining of samples from 287 patients with oral cancer. The association between PBK/TOPK expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The prognostic value of PBK/TOPK for overall survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. A high PBK/TOPK expression level was correlated with long overall survival. The prognostic role of PBK/TOPK expression was significant in young patients (p < 0.05), patients with smoking habits (p < 0.05), and late stage disease (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that PBK/TOPK expression is enhanced in oral cancer. High PBK/TOPK expression, either alone or in subgroups according to clinicopathological features, may serve as a favorable prognostic marker for patients with oral cancer.

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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 998: Profiling Taste and Aroma Compound Metabolism during Apricot Fruit Development and Ripening

Sugars, organic acids and volatiles of apricot were determined by HPLC and GC-MS during fruit development and ripening, and the key taste and aroma components were identified by integrating flavor compound contents with consumers' evaluation. Sucrose and glucose were the major sugars in apricot fruit. The contents of all sugars increased rapidly, and the accumulation pattern of sugars converted from glucose-predominated to sucrose-predominated during fruit development and ripening. Sucrose synthase (SS), sorbitol oxidase (SO) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) are under tight developmental control and they might play important roles in sugar accumulation. Almost all organic acids identified increased during early development and then decrease rapidly. During early development, fruit mainly accumulated quinate and malate, with the increase of citrate after maturation, and quinate, malate and citrate were the predominant organic acids at the ripening stage. The odor activity values (OAV) of aroma volatiles showed that 18 aroma compounds were the characteristic components of apricot fruit. Aldehydes and terpenes decreased significantly during the whole development period, whereas lactones and apocarotenoids significantly increased with fruit ripening. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) results revealed that β-ionone, γ-decalactone, sucrose and citrate are the key characteristic flavor factors contributing to consumer acceptance. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD) may be involved in β-ionone formation in apricot fruit.

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Modifiable Risk Factors for Periodontitis and Diabetes

Abstract

This review describes the evidence published from January 2013 through March 2016 for modifiable risk factors for chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Risk factors are factors that increase the chance of developing the disease. Modifiable risk factors for both these chronic, inflammation-related diseases include the following: hyperglycemia; microbial overgrowth, infection, and inflammation (virus, poor oral hygiene, gut microbiome); overweight and obesity; metabolic syndrome; hyperlipidemia; medication; unhealthy diet (added sugar; alcohol and other non-sugary carbohydrates, fat, and meat; nutrition, minerals (including zinc), and vitamins); current tobacco smoking (including environmental tobacco smoke); sedentary lifestyle; sleep disturbances; stress, depression, anxiety, poor coping skills, and allostatic load; low health literacy; and the environment and pollution.Given the similarity between the inflammatory mechanisms underlying chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus, one can wonder: Could these diseases both be somewhat different manifestations of inflammatory response-based overload? Could both periodontitis and diabetes even be regarded as autoimmune diseases that are manifested due to poor biologic and psychologic coping skills in response to the micro- and macro-level stressors that cause inflammation?Any successful intervention must include more measures than clinical medical/dental care can provide and hence might benefit from active participation of all parties, first and foremost the patient, in a patient-centered, interprofessional health care (not merely disease care) collaboration for the benefit of the mutual patient.But first, it is necessary to be aware of the risk factors that can be modified to pose less risk, a goal toward which this review hopefully will be helpful.

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Interleukin-6: An emerging regulator of pathological pain

Journal of Neuroinflammation

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality by helicopter rescue swimmers while flying

Air Medical Journal

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Serious infections in hospitalized patients with psoriasis in the United States

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Time to analgesia in an emergency department in Eastern Nepal

Emergency Medicine Australasia

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Association between lower extremity muscle strength and non-contact ACL injuries

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

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The effect of prehospital intubation on treatment times in patients with suspected traumatic brain injury

Air Medical Journal

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Major incident triage: A consensus based definition of the essential life-saving interventions during the definitive care phase of a major incident

Injury

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Lipid peroxides in the serum of asphyxiated neonates

Journal of Perinatology

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Risk of osteoporotic fractures in multiple sclerosis patients in southwest Finland

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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Effect of the subcutaneous route for iliac screw insertion in lumbopelvic fixation for vertical unstable sacral fractures on the infection rate: A retrospective case series

Injury

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The clinical results of a novel method for minimal invasive dynamic hip screw fixation of intertrochanteric fractures compared to the conventional one

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery

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Chronic Elbow Dislocation: Evaluation and Management

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons

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Emerging S-shaped curves in congenital scoliosis after hemivertebra resection and short segmental fusion

The Spine Journal

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The hip in ice hockey: A current concepts review

Arthroscopy

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Free-living ruddy ground dove ( Columbina talpacoti ): a report on leukocyte and weight values

Abstract

The Columbina talpacoti species, a common type of bird in Brazil, is often the target of illegal trade or used as pets, which can lead to the threat of extinction as the number of individuals of the species decreases. As this is a rare species with unknown hematological parameters, this study aimed to describe the species' leukocyte values and biometrics (weight). Twenty-five birds were captured at a private farm located in Guarapari, Espírito Santo, in southeastern Brazil. The capture and sampling were conducted in October 2014. The birds' body mass was measured, and their blood was collected. A blood smear was made, and a differential leukocyte count was performed. The average body mass found for the species was 46.7 ± 4.7 g. For hematologic reference, we used a value of 43.3 ± 14.6 for lymphocytes, and 55.8 ± 14.5 and 0.56 ± 0.76 for heterophils and monocytes, respectively. Using the data collected in this study, the reference values were calculated.

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Dysfunctional Sensory Modalities, Locus Coeruleus, and Basal Forebrain: Early Determinants that Promote Neuropathogenesis of Cognitive and Memory Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. It is essential to unravel its etiology and pathogenesis. This should enable us to study the presymptomatic stages of the disease and to analyze and reverse the antemortem behavioral, memory, and cognitive dysfunction. Prima facie, an ongoing chronic vulnerability involving neural insult may lead normal elderly to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and then to AD. Development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to thwart the disease pathology obviously requires a thorough delineation of underlying disruptive neuropathological processes. Our sensory capacity for touch, smell, taste, hearing, and vision declines with advancing age. Declines in different sensory attributes are considered here to be the primary "first-tier pathologies." Olfactory loss is among the first clinical signs of neurodegenerative diseases including AD and Parkinson's disease (PD). Sensory dysfunction in the aged promotes pathological disturbances in the locus coeruleus, basal forebrain, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and several key areas of neocortex and brainstem. Hence, sensory dysfunction is the pivotal factor that may upregulate cognitive and memory dysfunction. The age-related constellation of comorbid pathological factors may include apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol abuse, head trauma, and obstructive sleep apnea. The concepts and trajectories delineated here are the dynamic pillars of the current hypothesis presented—it postulates that the sensory decline, in conjunction with the above pathologies, is crucial in triggering neurodegeneration and promoting cognitive/memory dysfunction in aging and AD. The application of this thesis can be important in formulating new multifactorial preventive and treatment strategies (suggested here) in order to attenuate cognitive and memory decline and ameliorate pathological dysfunction in aging, MCI, and AD.

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Laryngeal Manifestation of Forestier's Disease.

Laryngeal Manifestation of Forestier's Disease.

Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2016 Jun 15;4(2):287-9

Authors: Stojanovic J, Zivanovic S, Sreckovic S, Jovanovic S, Belic B, Simovic S

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Forestier's disease is a rare disorder involving bony growths that can occur in various parts of the spinal column, mostly asymptomatic, but these osteophytes, very rarely have been associated with serious complications.
AIM: We report a 69-year-old man who was admitted at foniatric departement for evaluation of presenting hoarseness, dysphagia and laborious breathing.
CASE PRESENTATION: Noninvasive endolaryngeal imaging and radiological examination revealed distortion of left side of the larynx pushing to the right due to bony mass of the anterior part of cervical spine which was prominent at the left side. The symptoms of the patient presented were caused by Forestier's disease as found by the imiging.
CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice it is advisable to take into consideration Forestier's disease as a possible cause of hoarseness and dysphagia in rare cases.

PMID: 27335602 [PubMed]

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The Practicability of Transnasal Esophagoscopy and the Evaluation of Patient's Perception: A Prospective Study.

The Practicability of Transnasal Esophagoscopy and the Evaluation of Patient's Perception: A Prospective Study.

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun 18;

Authors: Polat B, Karahatay S, Birkent H, Gerek M

Abstract
Objectives: Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) is a relatively new diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of patients with globus sensation and dysphagia. Enabling doctors to examine all of the upper aerodigestive system without the need for sedation, this technique is becoming more popular among otolaryngology specialists. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practicability of TNE and tolerability of patients to the test.
Methods: The study group consisted of 314 patients who were admitted to the swallowing center of a tertiary medical institution with the symptoms of dysphagia and globus sensation. In addition to other diagnostic procedures, patients were informed of the TNE and the necessary consents were obtained. Before the examination, patients were asked to foresee the level of discomfort they would presumably feel, according to the information they had. After the TNE, patients were asked to score the real level of discomfort they experienced during the test. A visual analog scale was used to note the levels. The duration of the tests and any complications were also noted.
Results: We could not perform TNE in 12 of the 314 patients due to nasal obstruction, intractable retching and vasovagal syncope (7, 4, and 1 patients, respectively). The average discomfort score foreseen before the test was 4.7±1.4 (mean±standard deviation). The post-procedure discomfort score was 1.6±1.1, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The average time to perform the TNE was 5 minutes (range, 3 to 13 minutes). Except for minor epistaxis in 7 patients (2%), no complications occurred.
Conclusion: According to our results TNE is an easy and well-tolerated procedure, it may be logical to tell the patient that the procedure will be less annoying and irritating than they assume. It is also a time saving procedure with low complication rates.

PMID: 27334507 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of H. pylori infection on gastrin, ghrelin, motilin, and gastroesophageal reflux.

Related Articles

Effect of H. pylori infection on gastrin, ghrelin, motilin, and gastroesophageal reflux.

Turk J Gastroenterol. 2015 Sep;26(5):367-72

Authors: Eren M, Çolak Ö, Işıksoy S, Yavuz A

Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux and possible mechanisms in Helicobacter pylori infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Symptoms of H. pylori-infected children, their total gastroesophageal reflux episodes, acid exposure percentage, gastrin, ghrelin, and motilin levels were evaluated before and after H. pylori eradication.
RESULTS: Forty-two H. pylori-infected children were eligible for this study. Acid exposure % and total reflux episodes before and after H. pylori eradication were 10.2%±14.8% vs. 7.71%±5.0% and 94.7%±102.1% vs. 64.6%±55.0%, respectively (p=0.28, p=0.082). There was an insignificant change in the serum gastrin (93.4±153.8 pmol/L vs. 1.28±149.4 pmol/L, p=0.67), ghrelin (7.69±197.5 pg/mL vs. 8.36±299.5 pg/mL, p=0.274), and motilin (75.1±81.2 pg/mL vs. 97.2±80.5 pg/mL, p=0.206) levels after eradication. Gastrin and ghrelin levels were negatively correlated after H. pylori eradication (r=-0.38, p=0.031). There was no association between gastroesophageal reflux episodes and gastrin, ghrelin, and motilin levels (r=0.25 and p=0.11; r= 0.24 and p=0.13; r=-0.23 and p=0.14, respectively).
CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection is neither protective nor harmful in the gastroesophageal reflux. Neither ghrelin nor motilin levels was associated with gastroesophageal reflux. None of gastrin, ghrelin, and motilin levels was affected by H. pylori infection. There is an inverse association between gastrin and ghrelin levels after H. pylori eradication.

PMID: 26350687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Using the Health Belief Model to Examine the Link between HPV Knowledge and Self-Efficacy for Preventive Behaviors of Male Students at a Two-Year College in New York City.

Using the Health Belief Model to Examine the Link between HPV Knowledge and Self-Efficacy for Preventive Behaviors of Male Students at a Two-Year College in New York City.

Behav Med. 2016 Jul-Sep;42(3):205-210

Authors: Grace-Leitch L, Shneyderman Y

Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common and easily transmitted sexually transmitted infections in the United States; infected individuals are frequently unaware that they are carriers, and transmission occurs unknowingly. Infection can lead to genital warts or cervical, penile, anal, or oral cancer. The object of this study was to examine the link between HPV knowledge and self-efficacy for preventive behaviors among college students as well as HPV vaccine acceptability. A cross-sectional survey of students at a two-year college in New York City was conducted electronically. The current study focuses on male students (N = 120). We found that HPV knowledge was low among this sample, but that self-efficacy and vaccine acceptability were high. Self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility to HPV predicted vaccine acceptability, but not condom use. The challenge for health care practitioners and health educators is to provide focused, comprehensive education about HPV without causing undue fear.

PMID: 27337625 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Progression of Intravesical Condyloma Acuminata to Locally Advanced Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Progression of Intravesical Condyloma Acuminata to Locally Advanced Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Urol Case Rep. 2016 Jul;7:61-3

Authors: Khambati A, Bhanji Y, Oberlin DT, Yang XJ, Nadler RB, Perry KT, Kundu SD

Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. CA of the bladder, however, is an exceedingly rare lesion. We present a rare case of poorly differentiated locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from recurrent CA of the bladder in an immunocompetent patient and discuss pathophysiology and management of this unusual condition.

PMID: 27335797 [PubMed]

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Giant Condyloma Acuminatum in the Genital, Perineal and Perianal Region in a Pediatric Patient. Literature Review and Case Report.

Giant Condyloma Acuminatum in the Genital, Perineal and Perianal Region in a Pediatric Patient. Literature Review and Case Report.

Urol Case Rep. 2016 Jul;7:14-6

Authors: Suárez-Ibarrola R, Heinze A, Sánchez-Sagástegui F, Negrin-Ramírez A, Aguilar-Anzures R, Xochihua-Diaz L, Cuevas-Alpuche JO

Abstract
Condyloma acuminata is caused by the proliferation of squamous epithelial cells in the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. There are several treatment options available for anogenital warts, however, none have proven to be more efficacious. We present the case of a 3 year-8 months-old male, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, who presented with multiple warts in the anogenital region. Lesions were treated with imiquimod 5%, electrosurgical resection and interferon α-2b. Combination of electrofulguration and interferon α-2b is an effective treatment option for children with giant condyloma accuminatum although recurrence is expected within a short follow-up period.

PMID: 27335781 [PubMed]

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Oropharyngeal and laryngeal but not oral cancers are strongly associated with high- risk human papillomavirus in 172 Greek patients.

Oropharyngeal and laryngeal but not oral cancers are strongly associated with high- risk human papillomavirus in 172 Greek patients.

J Med Virol. 2016 Jun 23;

Authors: Tsimplaki E, Argyri E, Sakellaridis A, Kyrodimos E, Xesfyngi D, Panotopoulou E

Abstract
A strong and consistent association has been reported between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and oropharyngeal cancer, whereas a similar link has not yet been clarified in oral and laryngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between HPV infection and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in Greek patients. Cytological or tissue specimens from 172 cases patients with HNSCC and cytological specimens from 91 control subjects were analyzed for HPV DNA detection and genotyping using a microarray-based assay. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between the presence of HPV infection and HNSCC for each of the tumour site, after adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted ORs for positivity to high- risk HPV infection for oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer were 20.3 (95% CI: 1.7-250.1) and 22.8 (95% CI: 2.5-206.2), respectively. High- risk HPV infection was not significantly associated with oral cancer. HPV infection was independently associated with poorly differentiated tumours (OR= 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1-7.5). Our results suggest a strong association of high- risk HPV infection with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27335246 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Three Approaches for Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV-Positive Women in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Related Articles

Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Three Approaches for Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV-Positive Women in Johannesburg, South Africa.

PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0141969

Authors: Lince-Deroche N, Phiri J, Michelow P, Smith JS, Firnhaber C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: South Africa has high rates of HIV and HPV and high incidence and mortality from cervical cancer. However, cervical cancer is largely preventable when early screening and treatment are available. We estimate the costs and cost-effectiveness of conventional cytology (Pap), visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and HPV DNA testing for detecting cases of CIN2+ among HIV-infected women currently taking antiretroviral treatment at a public HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.
METHODS: Method effectiveness was derived from a validation study completed at the clinic. Costs were estimated from the provider perspective using micro-costing between June 2013-April 2014. Capital costs were annualized using a discount rate of 3%. Two different service volume scenarios were considered. Threshold analysis was used to explore the potential for reducing the cost of HPV DNA testing.
RESULTS: VIA was least costly in both scenarios. In the higher volume scenario, the average cost per procedure was US$ 3.67 for VIA, US$ 8.17 for Pap and US$ 54.34 for HPV DNA. Colposcopic biopsies cost on average US$ 67.71 per procedure. VIA was least sensitive but most cost-effective at US$ 17.05 per true CIN2+ case detected. The cost per case detected for Pap testing was US$ 130.63 using a conventional definition for positive results and US$ 187.52 using a more conservative definition. HPV DNA testing was US$ 320.09 per case detected. Colposcopic biopsy costs largely drove the total and per case costs. A 71% reduction in HPV DNA screening costs would make it competitive with the conservative Pap definition.
CONCLUSIONS: Women need access to services which meet their needs and address the burden of cervical dysplasia and cancer in this region. Although most cost-effective, VIA may require more frequent screening due to low sensitivity, an important consideration for an HIV-positive population with increased risk for disease progression.

PMID: 26569487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Prevalence, Clinical Management, and Natural Course of Incidental Findings on Brain MR Images: The Population-based Rotterdam Scan Study.

Prevalence, Clinical Management, and Natural Course of Incidental Findings on Brain MR Images: The Population-based Rotterdam Scan Study.

Radiology. 2016 Jun 23;:160218

Authors: Bos D, Poels MM, Adams HH, Akoudad S, Cremers LG, Zonneveld HI, Hoogendam YY, Verhaaren BF, Verlinden VJ, Verbruggen JG, Peymani A, Hofman A, Krestin GP, Vincent AJ, Feelders RA, Koudstaal PJ, van der Lugt A, Ikram MA, Vernooij MW

Abstract
Purpose To present an updated prevalence estimate for incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance (MR) images and provide information on clinical relevance, including natural course, over a period of up to 9 years. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board and all participants gave informed consent. In a prospective population-based setting, structural brain MR imaging was performed in 5800 participants (mean age, 64.9 years; 3194 women [55.1%]). Trained reviewers recorded abnormalities, which were subsequently evaluated by neuroradiologists. The prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) of incidental findings was determined, and clinical management of findings that required the attention of a medical specialist was followed. Follow-up imaging in the study context provided information on the natural course of findings that were not referred. Results In 549 of 5800 participants (9.5% [95% CI: 8.7%, 10.3%]), incidental findings were found, of which meningiomas (143 of 5800; 2.5% [95% CI: 2.1%, 2.9%]) and cerebral aneurysms (134 of 5800; 2.3% [95% CI: 2.0%, 2.7%]) were most common. A total of 188 participants were referred to medical specialists for incidental findings (3.2% [95% CI: 2.8%, 3.7%]). Of these, 144 (76.6% [95% CI: 70.1%, 82.1%]) either underwent a wait-and-see policy or were discharged after the initial clinical visit. The majority of meningiomas and virtually all aneurysms not referred or referred but untreated remained stable in size during follow-up. Conclusion Incidental findings at brain MR imaging that necessitate further diagnostic evaluation occur in over 3% of the general middle-aged and elderly population, but are mostly without direct clinical consequences. (©) RSNA, 2016.

PMID: 27337027 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Reply to the Comment on 'International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) recommendations for the constructor of multilingual speech test by Akeroyd et al' by Cas Smits.

Reply to the Comment on 'International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) recommendations for the constructor of multilingual speech test by Akeroyd et al' by Cas Smits.

Int J Audiol. 2016;55(4):269-71

Authors: Kollmeier B, Akeroyd MA, Arlinger S, Bentle RA, Boothroyd A, Dillier N, Dreschler WA, Gagné JP, Lutman ME, Wouters J, Wong L

PMID: 27336099 [PubMed - in process]

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Reconstruction algorithm for nasal basal cell carcinoma with skin involvement only: analysis of 221 cases repaired by minor surgery.

Related Articles

Reconstruction algorithm for nasal basal cell carcinoma with skin involvement only: analysis of 221 cases repaired by minor surgery.

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2015 Oct;40(7):728-34

Authors: Kim YJ, Cho HH, Kim SO, Lee JB, Lee SC

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) often occurs on the nose. Reconstruction of the nose should yield excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes.
AIM: We propose a technical algorithm for the reconstruction of surgical defects, based on our analysis of 221 cases of nasal BCC with skin involvement only, which could be repaired by minor surgery.
METHODS: The aesthetic and functional outcomes for various reconstruction techniques were analysed according to defect location and size. A reconstruction algorithm was proposed with the aim of obtaining the best surgical results.
RESULTS: Defect location and size were key considerations. Primary closure was the first option for small defects (< 10 mm), with scores of 3.4 for objective aesthetic outcome (OAO), 3.2 for subjective aesthetic outcome (SAO) and 3.3 for subjective functional outcome (SFO). The first option for medium defects (1-20 mm) was the island pedicle flap, with scores of 3.5 for OAO, 3.2 for SAO and 3.7 for SFO. The first option for large defects (> 20 mm) was the transposition flap for the upper nose (scores of 2.0 for OAO and SAO and 3.0 for SFO) and the interpolation flap for the lower nose (2.8 for OAO and 2.9 for SAO and SFO).
CONCLUSIONS: We have proposed an algorithm to select the optimal technique for repairing nasal BCC surgical defects according to their size and location.

PMID: 25959078 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Decompression illness treated in Denmark 1999-2013.

Decompression illness treated in Denmark 1999-2013.

Diving Hyperb Med. 2016 Jun;46(2):87-91

Authors: Svendsen Juhl C, Hedetoft M, Bidstrup D, Jansen EC, Hyldegaard O

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The incidence, diver characteristics and symptomatology of decompression illness (DCI) in Denmark has not been assessed since 1982, and the presence of long-term residual symptoms among divers receiving hyperbaric oxygen therapy in Denmark has never been estimated to our knowledge.
METHODS: We undertook a retrospective study of the incidence and characteristics of DCI cases in Denmark for the period of 1999 to 2013. Medical records and voluntary questionnaires were reviewed, extracting data on age, gender, weight, height, diver certification level, diving experience, number of previous dives, type of diving, initial type of hyperbaric treatment and DCI symptoms. Trend in annual case numbers was evaluated using run chart analysis and Spearman's correlation. Age, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated using linear regression. The presence of long-term residual symptoms was investigated by phone interviewing the subgroup of divers treated in 2009 and 2010.
RESULTS: Two-hundred-and-five DCI cases were identified. The average annual case load was 14 with no significant trend during the study period (P = 0.081). Nor did we find any trend in age, weight, height or BMI. The most frequent symptoms were paraesthesia (50%), pain (42%) and vertigo (40%). Thirteen out of the subgroup of 30 divers had residual symptoms at discharge from hospital, and six out of 24 of these divers had residual symptoms at the time of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed a more than ten-fold increase in DCI-cases since the period 1966-1980. In the subgroup of divers treated in 2009/2010, a quarter had long-term residual symptoms as assessed by telephone interview, which is in keeping with the international literature, but still a reminder that DCI can have life-long consequences.

PMID: 27334996 [PubMed - in process]

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Reply to the Comment on 'International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) recommendations for the constructor of multilingual speech test by Akeroyd et al' by Cas Smits.

Reply to the Comment on 'International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) recommendations for the constructor of multilingual speech test by Akeroyd et al' by Cas Smits.

Int J Audiol. 2016;55(4):269-71

Authors: Kollmeier B, Akeroyd MA, Arlinger S, Bentle RA, Boothroyd A, Dillier N, Dreschler WA, Gagné JP, Lutman ME, Wouters J, Wong L

PMID: 27336099 [PubMed - in process]

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Multiple roles of CD90 in cancer

Abstract

THY1 (CD90) is a 25–37-kDa heavily N-glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cell surface protein. It is usually expressed on thymocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, natural killer cells, neurons, endothelial cells, renal glomerular mesangial cells, follicular dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. It has been found to regulate cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, axon growth, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, T-cell activation, and fibrosis. Several reports have shown that CD90 has an important role in cancer in regulating cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. There are also evidences that CD90 is an important prognostic marker in many cancers. Consequently, therapies that target CD90 have great promise in treating many cancers. However, several studies also indicate a contradictory role for CD90, where it acts as a tumor suppressor. In this review, we summarize the expression, function of CD90 in different cancers and its possible use as a biomarker or a therapeutic target in cancer. The challenges and future prospects for the use of CD90 for clinical applications are also discussed in this review.

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Yeast two-hybrid screening identified WDR77 as a novel interacting partner of TSC22D2

Abstract

Transforming growth factor β-stimulated clone 22 domain family, member 2 (TSC22D2), a member of the TSC22D family, has been implicated as a tumor-associated gene, but its function remains unknown. To further explore its biological role, yeast two-hybrid screening combined with multiple bioinformatics tools was used to identify 44 potential interacting partners of the TSC22D2 protein that were mainly involved in gene transcription, cellular metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. The protein WD repeat domain 77 (WDR77) was selected for further validation due to its function in the cell cycle and tumor development, as well as its high detection frequency in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed an interaction between the TSC22D2 and WDR77 proteins. Our work greatly expands the putative protein interaction network of TSC22D2 and provides deeper insight into the biological functions of the TSC22D2 and WDR77 proteins.

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Cerebral metabolism and perfusion in MR-negative individuals with refractory focal epilepsy assessed by simultaneous acquisition of 18F-FDG PET and arterial spin labeling

Galazzo, IB; Mattoli, MV; Pizzini, FB; De Vita, E; Barnes, A; Duncan, JS; Jager, R; Galazzo, IB; Mattoli, MV; Pizzini, FB; De Vita, E; Barnes, A; Duncan, JS; Jager, R; Golay, X; Bomanji, JB; Koepp, M; Groves, AM; Fraioli, F; - view fewer (2016) Cerebral metabolism and perfusion in MR-negative individuals with refractory focal epilepsy assessed by simultaneous acquisition of 18F-FDG PET and arterial spin labeling. NeuroImage Clinical , 11 pp. 648-657. 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.04.005 . Green open access

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Reply to the Comment on 'International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) recommendations for the constructor of multilingual speech test by Akeroyd et al' by Cas Smits.

Reply to the Comment on 'International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) recommendations for the constructor of multilingual speech test by Akeroyd et al' by Cas Smits.

Int J Audiol. 2016;55(4):269-71

Authors: Kollmeier B, Akeroyd MA, Arlinger S, Bentle RA, Boothroyd A, Dillier N, Dreschler WA, Gagné JP, Lutman ME, Wouters J, Wong L

PMID: 27336099 [PubMed - in process]

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Perilymphatic fistula after underwater diving: a series of 11 cases.

Perilymphatic fistula after underwater diving: a series of 11 cases.

Diving Hyperb Med. 2016 Jun;46(2):73-5

Authors: Morvan JB, Gempp E, Rivière D, Louge P, Vallee N, Verdalle P

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Onset of cochleovestibular symptoms (hearing loss, dizziness or instability, tinnitus) after a dive (scuba or breath-hold diving) warrants emergency transfer to an otology department. One priority is to investigate the possibility of the development of decompression sickness with a view to hyperbaric oxygen treatment of bubble-induced inner-ear damage. If this injury is ruled out, inner-ear barotrauma should be considered together with its underlying specific injury pattern, perilymphatic fistula.
METHODS: We report on a series of 11 cases of perilymphatic fistula following ear barotrauma between 2003 and 2015, eight after scuba diving and three after free diving. All patients underwent a series of laboratory investigations and first-line medical treatment.
RESULTS: Seven patients had a perilymphatic fistula in the left ear and four in the right. Eight cases underwent endaural surgical exploration. A fistula of the cochlear fenestra was visualised in seven cases with active perilymph leakage seen in six cases. After temporal fascia grafting, prompt resolution of dizziness occurred, with early, stable, subtotal recovery of hearing in seven. Of six patients in whom tinnitus occurred, this disappeared in two and improved in a further two. Two patients were not operated on because medical treatment had been successful, and one patient refused surgery despite the failure of medical treatment. Median follow-up time was 7.4 years (range 0.3 to 12).
CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula is based on clinical assessments and various laboratory findings. When there was strong evidence of this condition, surgery yielded excellent functional outcomes in all patients treated early.

PMID: 27334993 [PubMed - in process]

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Ifosfamide induced renal rickets.

Related Articles

Ifosfamide induced renal rickets.

Indian J Pediatr. 2014 Sep;81(9):943-5

Authors: Lionel AP, Chinnaswamy G, John RR, Mathai S

Abstract
Ifosfamide is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic agent in children. The authors report a 4-y-old boy who developed proximal renal tubulopathy with florid rickets a year after completion of ifosfamide therapy for Ewing's sarcoma. After initiation of treatment, there was complete healing of rickets and he did not need supplements beyond 18 mo. Growth monitoring and musculoskeletal system examination is important in all children who have received ifosfamide therapy. Routine monitoring for nephrotoxicity during and after ifosfamide therapy helps in early identification and intervention.

PMID: 23912821 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Comparison of MDCT protocols in trauma patients with suspected splenic injury: superior results with protocol that includes arterial and portal venous phase imaging.

Comparison of MDCT protocols in trauma patients with suspected splenic injury: superior results with protocol that includes arterial and portal venous phase imaging.

Diagn Interv Radiol. 2016 Jun 22;

Authors: Melikian R, Goldberg S, Strife BJ, Halvorsen RA

Abstract
PURPOSE: We aimed to determine which intravenous contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) protocol produced the most accurate results for the detection of splenic vascular injury in hemodynamically stable patients who had sustained blunt abdominal trauma.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 88 patients from 2003 to 2011 who sustained blunt splenic trauma and underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT and subsequent angiography. Results of MDCT scans utilizing single phase (portal venous only, n=8), dual phase (arterial + portal venous or portal venous + delayed, n=42), or triple phase (arterial + portal venous + delayed, n=38) were compared with results of subsequent splenic angiograms for the detection of splenic vascular injury.
RESULTS: Dual phase imaging was more sensitive and accurate than single phase imaging (P = 0.016 and P = 0.029, respectively). When the subsets of dual-phase imaging were compared, arterial + portal venous phase imaging was more sensitive and accurate than portal venous + delayed phase imaging (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). Triple phase imaging was more accurate (P = 0.015) than dual phase; however, when compared with the dual phase subset of arterial + portal venous, there was no statistical difference in either sensitivity or accuracy.
CONCLUSION: Our results support the use of dual phase contrast-enhanced MDCT, which includes the arterial phase, in patients with suspected splenic injury and question the utility of obtaining a delayed sequence.

PMID: 27334296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A sting in the tail: sacral stress fractures as a cause of lower back pain in jūdōka: a case report

Introduction Rubens-Duval et al. in 1960 reported finding a high prevalence of back problems in black-belt-level senior jūdōka. Since then many more authors have found evidence in support of long-time jūdō practice being associated with degenerative vertebral changes. The present paper introduces and discusses a recent case of a sacral stress fracture in a jūdōka. Case presentation A 27-year-old Caucasian male jūdō black belt presented with lower-back pain. The subject was competitively active at the non-elite level in the middleweight category (-81 kg). Flexion-abduction-external-rotation (FABER), Gaenslen's, and Scour test were all positive, but squish test was not. Clinical and MRI findings were consistent with a stress fracture of the right hemi-sacrum "Denis zone-I". Differential diagnosis Nonspecific low-back pain, sacral joint dysfunction, ligamentous or muscular strains, Scheuermann's Disease, sciatica, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, tendinitis, Paget's disease, Cushing's syndrome, primary bone cancer, and spinal metastases. Treatment Reduction of sports competitive activities and training load temporarily improved symptoms. When deemed appropriate and training intensity was increased the pain quickly returned. Physical therapy produced no significant improvement in symptoms. Uniqueness of the study Sacral stress fractures have not previously been described in association with jūdō practice. Conclusion Sacral stress fractures should be considered when jūdōka present with lingering lower-back pain. Prompt and correct diagnosis is crucial to adapt the subject's training regime and ensure proper healing. Currently, there is no established best treatment for sacral stress fractures. Whilst prolonged bed rest is generally effective, it is considered a poor option for athletes, especially for those involved in weight class events. Noninvasive treatment options include pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU), and especially, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), but large-scale randomized clinical studies validating their therapeutic effectiveness are still lacking.

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Iodine-131 in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients: preliminary accidental finding and in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Iodine-131 in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients: preliminary accidental finding and in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Nucl Med Commun. 2016 Jun 22;

Authors: Xu F, Tang L, Yuan H, Liu J, Huang G, Song S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the eradicate effect of Helicobacter pylori in differentiated thyroid cancer patients who underwent I therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 130 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer underwent I treatment. None of the patients had a history of stomach-related diseases. The C-urea breath test (UBT) was carried out for H. pylori examination before I treatment. The cut-off value for C-UBT was 4%. For H. pylori test-positive patients, a second C-UBT was performed 4-6 weeks after I treatment. T-tests were used to compare the difference before and 4-6 weeks after I treatment.
RESULTS: A total of 42 of 130 (32.31%) patients were H. pylori positive. The average value of H. pylori was 28.36% before I, whereas the value was 18.18% after I therapy. A significant decrease in C-UBT was found after I treatment compared with before therapy (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data showed that I exerts certain eradication effects on H. pylori, which could provide a new approach to multidrug resistance pathogens. As the exact molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear, future clinical applications of this anecdotal finding require further assessments.

PMID: 27337594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 999: Pleiotropic Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Dysregulated Metabolic Homeostasis, Inflammation and Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have demonstrated a lot of important effects in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and in the correct functioning of adipose tissue. Recently, many studies have evaluated a possible effect of PPARs on tumor cells. The purpose of this review is to describe the effects of PPARs, their action and their future prospective; Methods: Narrative review aimed to synthesize cutting-edge evidence retrieved from searches of computerized databases; Results: PPARs play a key role in metabolic diseases, which include several cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, impaired immunity and the increasing risk of cancer; in particular, PPARα and PPARβ/δ mainly enable energy combustion, while PPARγ contributes to energy storage by enhancing adipogenesis; Conclusion: PPAR agonists could represent interesting types of molecules that can treat not only metabolic diseases, but also inflammation and cancer. Additional research is needed for the identification of high-affinity, high-specificity agonists for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and other metabolic diseases. Further studies are needed also to elucidate the role of PPARs in cancer.

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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 959: MicroRNA-21a-5p Functions on the Regulation of Melanogenesis by Targeting Sox5 in Mouse Skin Melanocytes

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating almost all biological processes. miRNAs bind to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs by sequence matching. In a previous study, we demonstrated that miR-21 was differently expressed in alpaca skin with different hair color. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms for miR-21 to regulate the coat color are not yet completely understood. In this study, we transfected miR-21a-5p into mouse melanocytes and demonstrated its function on melanogenesis of miR-21a-5p by targeting Sox5, which inhibits melanogenesis in mouse melanocytes. The results suggested that miR-21a-5p targeted Sox5 gene based on the binding site in 3′ UTR of Sox5 and overexpression of miR-21a-5p significantly down-regulated Sox5 mRNA and protein expression. Meanwhile, mRNA and protein expression of microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) and Tyrosinase (TYR) were up-regulated, which subsequently make the melanin production in melanocytes increased. The results suggest that miR-21a-5p regulates melanogenesis via MITF by targeting Sox5.

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Somatische Morbidität bei psychisch Kranken

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen („severe mental illness", SMI) sind über ihre psychischen Beeinträchtigungen hinaus auch gravierenden somatischen Risiken ausgesetzt, was u. a. in einer Verkürzung der Lebenserwartung in einer Größenordnung von ein bis zwei Dekaden zum Ausdruck kommt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in diesem Beitrag häufige somatische Komorbiditäten bei Patienten mit SMI vorgestellt (Herz-Kreislauf-, respiratorische und metabolische Erkrankungen). Dabei wird ein Schwerpunkt auf diejenigen klinischen Aspekte gesetzt, die im Alltag der psychiatrischen Versorgung von besonderem Interesse sind. Empfehlungen für eine Verbesserung der kurativen und präventiven somatischen Gesundheitsversorgung von Patienten mit SMI werden ausgesprochen. Die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse zeigen auf, wie eng die Zusammenhänge zwischen körperlicher und seelischer Gesundheit sind. Sie sind für die Weiterentwicklung der somatischen Medizin und ebenso von Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik von besonderem Interesse.

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Fluorescence suppression using micro-scale spatially offset Raman spectroscopy

Analyst, 2016, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C6AN00852F, Paper

Open Access

  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.

Claudia Conti, Alessandra Botteon, Chiara Colombo, Marco Realini, Pavel Matousek
We present a new concept of fluorescence suppression in Raman microscopy based on micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy which is applicable to thin stratified turbid (diffusely scattering) matrices permitting the retrieval of the Raman signals of sublayers below intensely fluorescing turbid over-layers.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
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