In silico investigation of black tea components on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2016-01-02T07-37-38Z
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Satabdee Mohapatra, Alisha Prasad, Farhan Haque, Sonali Ray, Bratati De, Sirsendu Sekhar Ray.
Black tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world and traditionally known for its antidiabetic and antiobese property. However, the underlying mechanisms of these properties are not studied widely. In this work, we hypothesize that the reason could be because of the inhibition of gut enzymes by the tea derived phytochemicals. Molecular docking was used to explore the efficacy of tea components to inhibit the key enzymes related with Type II diabetes and obesity; α-glucosidase, α-amylase and lipase. Autodock4.2 molecular docking software that applies Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm was used. The ligand structures were retrieved from PubChem and KNApSAcK-3D database. PreADMET web server was used for Toxicity and ADME predictions. Based on this analysis, it has been found that 8-c-ascorbyl-(-)-epigallocatechin, rutin and orientin could be the putative molecules for amelioration of post-prandial hyperglycaemia whereas 8-c-ascorbyl-(-)-epigallocatechin, 8-c-ascorbyl epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate and schaftoside could be used to reduce fat absorption in obese persons. It can be concluded that these phytochemicals or their derivatives can be used for further in-vitro and in-vivo studies to design valuable drugs.


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Physicochemical quality evaluation of amoxicillin capsules produced in compounding pharmacies at Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil

2016-01-02T07-37-38Z
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Fúlvio Gabriel Corazza, Blanca Elena Ortega Markman, Paulo César Pires Rosa.
The evaluation of the physicochemical quality of amoxicillin (500 mg) capsules produced in Compounding Pharmacies at Diadema - SP - Brazil, was performed by comparing these capsules with reference, generic and similar drugs, through the dissolution, assay, average weight, water content analysis, all according to the pharmacopeial methodology. The compounded drug samples were acquired on 8 different Compounding Pharmacies of Diadema (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8), and five (reference, generic and similar) drug samples (R, G1, G2, S1, S2) produced by distinct pharmaceutical industries were obtained from different Drugstores also at the same area. The samples were evaluated using the methodology proposed by the American and Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. All samples were approved in the dissolution and water content assay. Only samples R and S1 were approved assay of dose. Samples M3, M4 and S1 were disapproved in the average weight assay. The nonfulfillment of the Brazilian Good Manufacturing Practices recommended procedures for industries and compounding pharmacies show the need for improvements in the overall drug quality control manufacturing process of finished products in consonance with the actual health legislation, guaranteeing access to safe, effective medicines, control of bacterial resistance and rational use of antibiotics.


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Antioxidant activities of purified glycoprotein extracted from Codium decorticatum

2016-01-02T07-37-38Z
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Dharmaraj Senthilkumar, Sivaraman Jayanthi.
Purified glycoproteins (GLP) from Codium decorticatum were studied for their antioxidant activity. In order to assess the antioxidant potential of GLP, antiradical activities were characterized by different biochemical methods, namely by evaluating their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), Hydroxyl (OH) radical, superoxide radical ( O2) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging abilities. The presence of antioxidant activity could elevate the value of the seaweeds especially C. decorticatum as a food additive with improved nutritional properties.


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Anti-inflammatory Constituents from Branches of Corylus hallaisanensis Nakai

2016-01-02T07-37-38Z
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Sung Chun Kim, Ha Na Ko, Chang-Gu Hyun, Jong Seok Baik, Hee Jung Bu, Nam Ho Lee.
Development of bioactive ingredients from natural sources has long been the research project of our laboratory. In this study, the extract from Corylus hallaisanensis Nakai branches was investigated and their anti-inflammatory constituents were identified. The prepared ethanol extract was successively partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous layers. Upon anti-inflammatory screenings, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited good nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Further phytochemical studies for the ethyl acetate fractions led to isolation of four constituents such as β-sitosterol (1), 3,3,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid (2), carpinontriol A (3) and carpinontriol B (4). All of the compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. The isolates 2, 3 and 4 showed considerable inhibition on the production of nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 cell without causing cell toxicities. And compounds 3 and 4 reduced the production of interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine, in dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells. Based on these results, C. hallaisanensis extracts could be potentially applicable as anti-inflammatory agents in pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.


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Preliminary in vitro antimicrobial screening of chemical constituents isolated from the root of Lepleae mayombensis (Meliaceae)

2016-01-02T07-37-38Z
Source: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Lazare Sidjui Sidjui, Yvan Anderson Ngandjui Tchangoue, Sindhu Radhakrishnan, Perumal Karthiga, Paul Djomgoue, Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo, Louis Claire Ndel Famen, Gurumasy Annadurai, Gabriel Ngosong.
The Phytochemical study of Methanol/dichloromethane extract of root of Leplaea mayombenis led to the isolation and identification four limonoids: (8S,9R,10R,11S,13R,17R)-6,11-dihydroxy-14,15-epoxy-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethyl-17-(2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl-)-11,12,13,15,16,17-hexahydro-4H-cyclopent[α]phenanthrene-3,7(8H,9H,10H,14H)-dione (1), (8S,9R,10R,11S,13R,17R)-6,11-dihydroxy-14,15-epoxy-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethyl-17-(23-methoxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl-)-11,12,13,15,16,17-hexahydro-4H-cyclopent[α]phenanthrene 3,7(8H,9H,10H,14H)-dione (2), (8S,9R,10R,11S,13R,17R)-6,11-dihydroxy-14,15-epoxy-17- ((s)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofurano-3-yl)-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethy-l,10,11,12,13,15,16,17-octahydro-4H-cyclopent[α]phenanthrene -3,7(8H,9H,10H,14H)-dione (3), 8S,9R,10R,11S,13R,17R)-1,6,11-trihydroxy-14,15-epoxy-17- [((2s)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofurano-3-yl)]-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethyl-l,10,11,12,13,15,16,17-octahydro-4H-cyclopent[α]phenanthrene -3,7(8H,9H,10H,14H)-dione (4), one cycloartane : 9,10-cyclopropyl-(3S,5R,8R,13R,14S,17R) )-4,4,13,14,17-pentamethyl-l7-((2R,5S,6R)-5,6,7-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopentane[α]phenanthrèn-3-ol (5) and three steroids: β-sitosterol (6), stigmasterol (7) and stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, all these compounds were isolated for the first time from the Leplaea mayombensis. The antimicrobial studies showed that isolated compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameters varying from 0.00 ± 0.00 to 29.00 ± 0.00 mm on both bacteria and fungi. 9,10-cyclopropyl-(3S,5R,8R,13R,14S,17R) )-4,4,13,14,17-pentamethyl-l7-((2R,5S,6R)-5,6,7-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopentane[α]phenanthrèn-3-ol (5) was the most active against Escherichia coli (28.00±0.00 mm), Pseudomonas sp (27.00±0.00 mm), Lactobacillus acidophilus (29.00±0.00 mm), Streptococcus pneumonia (23.00±0.00 mm) and Serratia entomophili (29.00±0.00 mm), C. albicans (12±0.00 mm), and T. viridae (13±0.00 mm) The results from this study support the conclusion that L. mayombensis contain many classes of antimicrobial compounds and therefore justify their traditional usage in the treatment of infectious diseases.


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Medic delivers his daughter in 7-Eleven parking lot

The Colo. AMR paramedic delivered his daughter on New Year's Eve in the car on the way to the hospital

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2 paramedics hurt at race track

The Indiana paramedics were struck by an out-of-control midget race car that hit a fence they were standing behind

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Primary T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the middle ear

Publication date: Available online 2 January 2016
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Bo Li, Shixi Liu, Hui Yang, Weiya Wang




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What does successful speech-in-noise perception in aging depend on? Electrophysiological correlates of high and low performance in older adults.

Related Articles

What does successful speech-in-noise perception in aging depend on? Electrophysiological correlates of high and low performance in older adults.

Neuropsychologia. 2015 Apr;70:43-57

Authors: Getzmann S, Wascher E, Falkenstein M

Abstract
Aging usually decreases the ability to understand language under difficult listening conditions. However, aging is also associated with increased between-subject variability. Here, we studied potential sources of inter-individual differences and investigated spoken language understanding of younger and older adults (age ranges 21-35 and 57-74 years, respectively) in a simulated "cocktail-party" scenario. A naturalistic "stock-price monitoring" task was employed in which prices of listed companies were simultaneously recited by four speakers at different locations in space. The participants responded when prices of a target company exceeded specific values, while ignoring all other companies. According to their individual performance levels three subgroups of participants were composed, consisting of 12 high-performing and 12 low-performing older adults, and 12 young adults matching the high-performing older group. The analysis of the event-related brain potentials indicated that all older adults showed delayed attentional control (indicated by a later P2) and reduced speech processing (indicated by a reduced N400), relative to the younger adults. High-performing older adults differed in increased allocation of attention and inhibitory control (indicated by a stronger P2-N2 complex) from their low-performing counterparts. The results are consistent with the idea of an adjustment of mental resources that could help compensating potential deficiencies in peripheral and central auditory processing.

PMID: 25681737 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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De novo CpG methylation on an artificial chromosome-like vector maintained for a long-term in mammalian cells.

De novo CpG methylation on an artificial chromosome-like vector maintained for a long-term in mammalian cells.

Biotechnol Lett. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Nishioka K, Kishida T, Masui S, Mazda O

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether an autonomously replicating, artificial chromosome-like vector containing a long genomic DNA sequence (namely, Epigenosome-Nanog) undergoes de novo CpG methylation after maintenance in cultured cells for more than a half year.
RESULTS: Epigenosome-Nanog efficiently replicated in iPS cells after transfection. In HeLa and C2C12 cells Epigenosome-Nanog was stably maintained for more than eight months. The CpG methylation occurred de novo at the Nanog gene promoter region on the epigenosome in C2C12 cells but the degrees of methylation were much lower than those at the same CpG sites on the chromosomes. Among the four CpG sites at the region, the upstream two CpGs underwent methylation in a correlated manner while methylation at the downstream two CpGs was also correlated to each other, and these correlations were commonly shared between the epigenosome and the chromosome. CpG methylation thus was not solely dependent on the nucleotide sequence at the DNA locus.
CONCLUSION: The epigenosome may become a useful tool to study the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of a genetic region of interest in mammalian cells.

PMID: 26721236 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Binostril versus mononostril approaches in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: clinical evaluation and cadaver study.

Binostril versus mononostril approaches in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: clinical evaluation and cadaver study.

J Neurosurg. 2016 Jan 1;:1-12

Authors: Conrad J, Ayyad A, Wüster C, Omran W, Weber MM, Konerding MA, Müller-Forell W, Giese A, Oertel J

Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the past 2 decades, endoscopy has become an integral part of the surgical repertoire for skull base procedures. The present clinical evaluation and cadaver study compare binostril and mononostril endoscopic transnasal approaches and the surgical techniques involved. METHODS Forty patients with pituitary adenomas were treated with either binostril or mononostril endoscopic surgery. Neurosurgical, endocrinological, ophthalmological, and neuroradiological examinations were performed. Ten cadaver specimens were prepared, and surgical aspects of the preparation and neuroradiological examination were documented. RESULTS In the clinical evaluation, 0° optics were optimal in the nasal and sphenoidal phase of surgery for both techniques. For detection of tumor remnants, 30° optics were superior. The binostril approach was significantly more time consuming than the mononostril technique. The nasal retractor limited maneuverability of instruments during mononostril approaches in 5 of 20 patients. Endocrinological pituitary function, control of excessive hormone secretion, ophthalmological outcome, residual tumor, and rates of adverse events, such as CSF leaks and diabetes insipidus, were similar in both groups. In the cadaver study, there was no significant difference in the time required for dissection via the binostril or mononostril technique. The panoramic view was superior in the binostril group; this was due to the possibility of wider opening of the sella in the craniocaudal and horizontal directions, but the need for removal of more of the nasal septum was disadvantageous. CONCLUSIONS Because of maneuverability of instruments and a wider view in the sphenoid sinus, the binostril technique is superior for resection of large tumors with parasellar and suprasellar expansion and tumors requiring extended approaches. The mononostril technique is preferable for tumors with limited extension in the intra- and suprasellar area.

PMID: 26722858 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgically resected skull base meningiomas demonstrate a divergent postoperative recurrence pattern compared with non-skull base meningiomas.

Surgically resected skull base meningiomas demonstrate a divergent postoperative recurrence pattern compared with non-skull base meningiomas.

J Neurosurg. 2016 Jan 1;:1-10

Authors: Mansouri A, Klironomos G, Taslimi S, Kilian A, Gentili F, Khan OH, Aldape K, Zadeh G

Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the natural history and clinical predictors of postoperative recurrence of skull base and non-skull base meningiomas. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective hospital-based study of all patients with meningioma referred to their institution from September 1993 to January 2014. The cohort constituted both patients with a first-time presentation and those with evidence of recurrence. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for analysis of recurrence and differences were assessed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify potential predictors of recurrence. RESULTS Overall, 398 intracranial meningiomas were reviewed, including 269 (68%) non-skull base and 129 (32%) skull base meningiomas (median follow-up 30.2 months, interquartile range [IQR] 8.5-76 months). The 10-year recurrence-free survival rates for patients with gross-total resection (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR) were 90% and 43%, respectively. Skull base tumors were associated with a lower proliferation index (0.041 vs 0.062, p = 0.001), higher likelihood of WHO Grade I (85.3% vs 69.1%, p = 0.003), and younger patient age (55.2 vs 58.3 years, p = 0.01). Meningiomas in all locations demonstrated an average recurrence rate of 30% at 100 months of follow-up. Subsequently, the recurrence of skull base meningiomas plateaued whereas non-skull base lesions had an 80% recurrence rate at 230 months follow-up (p = 0.02). On univariate analysis, a prior history of recurrence (p < 0.001), initial WHO grade following resection (p < 0.001), and the inability to obtain GTR (p < 0.001) were predictors of future recurrence. On multivariate analysis a prior history of recurrence (p = 0.02) and an STR (p < 0.01) were independent predictors of a recurrence. Assessing only patients with primary presentations, STR and WHO Grades II and III were independent predictors of recurrence (p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Patients with skull base meningiomas present at a younger age and have less aggressive lesions overall. Extent of resection is a key predictor of recurrence and long-term follow-up of meningiomas is necessary, especially for non-skull base tumors. In skull base meningiomas, recurrence risk plateaus approximately 100 months after surgery, suggesting that for this specific cohort, follow-up after 100 months can be less frequent.

PMID: 26722844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Endoscopic-assisted interhemispheric parieto-occipital transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region tumor: operative video and technical nuances.

Endoscopic-assisted interhemispheric parieto-occipital transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region tumor: operative video and technical nuances.

Neurosurg Focus. 2016 Jan;40(VideoSuppl1):1

Authors: Liu JK

Abstract
The angle of the straight sinus and tentorium cerebelli can often influence the choice of surgical approach to the pineal region. The supracerebellar infratentorial approach can be technically challenging and a relative contraindication in cases where the angle of the straight sinus and tentorium is very steep. Similarly, an occipital transtentorial approach, which uses a low occipital craniotomy at the junction of the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus, may not provide the best trajectory to the pineal region in patients with a steep tentorium. In addition, this approach often necessitates retraction on the occipital lobe to access the tentorial incisura and pineal region, which can increase the risk of visual compromise. In this operative video, the author demonstrates an alternative route using an endoscopic-assisted interhemispheric parieto-occipital transtentorial approach to a pineal region tumor in a patient with a steep straight sinus and tentorium. The approach provided a shorter route and more direct trajectory to the tumor at the tentorial incisura, and avoided direct fixed retraction on the occipital lobe when performed using the lateral position, thereby minimizing visual complications. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances, including the application of endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection and operative pearls for preservation of the deep cerebral veins. In summary, the parieto-occipital transtentorial approach with endoscopic assistance is an important approach in the armamentarium for surgical management of pineal region tumors. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/Ph4veG14aTk .

PMID: 26722692 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Endoscopic-assisted posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances.

Endoscopic-assisted posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances.

Neurosurg Focus. 2016 Jan;40(VideoSuppl1):1

Authors: Liu JK, Cohen MA

Abstract
Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare tumors of the pineal region that arise from the dural folds where the falx and tentorium meet and are often intimately related to the vein of Galen and straight sinus. These lesions often present with signs and symptoms related to hydrocephalus and brainstem compression. Surgical resection of falcotentorial meningiomas remains the definitive treatment, with a variety of surgical approaches used to resect these lesions. The choice of approach depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor relative to the vein of Galen complex. Falcotentorial meningiomas can be technically challenging to remove with significant risk of morbidity because of the close proximity to and occasional invasion of the vein of Galen and straight sinus. In this operative video, the authors demonstrate an illustrative step-by-step technique for endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection of a falcotentorial meningioma using the posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach for a superiorly positioned falcotentorial meningioma. The surgical nuances are discussed, including the surgical anatomy, gravity-assisted interhemispheric approach in the lateral position, retrocallosal dissection, transfalcine exposure, tumor removal, and preservation of the vein of Galen complex. In summary, the posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach is a useful surgical strategy for select superiorly positioned falcotentorial meningiomas. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/d8mdunsRacs .

PMID: 26722688 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach for resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances.

Combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach for resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances.

Neurosurg Focus. 2016 Jan;40(VideoSuppl1):1

Authors: Liu JK

Abstract
Large deep-seated meningiomas of the falcotentorial region present a formidable surgical challenge. In this operative video, the author demonstrates the combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of a large falcotentorial meningioma. This approach involves division of the less dominant transverse sinus after assessment of the venous pressure before and after clipping of the sinus with continuous neurophysiologic monitoring. Mild retraction of the occipital lobe and cerebellum results in a wide supra- and infratentorial exposure of extensive pineal region tumors. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances, including patient positioning, supra- and infratentorial craniotomy, transsinus transtentorial incision, and tumor removal with preservation of the vein of Galen complex. In summary, the combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach provides a wide supra- and infratentorial surgical corridor for removal of select falcotentorial meningiomas. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/3aD8h2uwBAo .

PMID: 26722686 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Subfrontal trans-lamina terminalis approach to a third ventricular craniopharyngioma.

Subfrontal trans-lamina terminalis approach to a third ventricular craniopharyngioma.

Neurosurg Focus. 2016 Jan;40(VideoSuppl1):1

Authors: Choudhri O, Chang SD

Abstract
Craniopharyngiomas are benign, partly cystic epithelial tumors that can rarely occur in a retrochiasmatic location with involvement of the third ventricle. The lamina terminalis is an important neurosurgical corridor to these craniopharyngiomas in the anterior portion of the third ventricle. We present a video case of a large midline suprasellar and third ventricular craniopharyngioma in a 32-year-old male with visual disturbances. The tumor was approached with a subfrontal translamina terminalis exposure, and a gross-total resection of the tumor was achieved. This surgery involved working through a lamina terminalis fenestration around the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, and the anterior communicating artery complex. This video illustrates the techniques employed in performing a transbasal anterior skull base approach to the third ventricle and demonstrates vivid surgical anatomy of neurovascular structures around the lamina terminalis. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/fCYMgx8SnKs .

PMID: 26722678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Familial chordoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Familial chordoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Oncol Lett. 2015 Nov;10(5):2937-2940

Authors: Wang KE, Wu Z, Tian K, Wang L, Hao S, Zhang L, Zhang J

Abstract
Familial skull base chordoma is a rare tumor derived from the remnants of the embryonic notochord. The present study describes the clinical presentation of 4 cases of skull base chordomas in a family. A 15-year-old female received staged surgeries and was pathologically confirmed with a diagnosis of skull base chordoma. Among the patient's family, 2 members had previously undergone surgery and were pathologically confirmed with chordomas; 1 family member had also received radiation therapy. Furthermore, the patient's cousin, an 18-year-old male, was confirmed to have this condition by epipharyngoscopy. All confirmed cases within the family remained alive with the condition. A literature review of familial chordoma was undertaken and 8 chordoma pedigrees were found. Familial chordoma was rare, with an estimated rate of 0.4% in all chordomas. The skull base was the predominant location for familial chordoma. Compared with sporadic chordoma, familial chordomas were diagnosed at a younger age. The brachyury gene was strongly associated with familial chordomas, however, the exact pathogenesis and genetics mechanisms remains unclear.

PMID: 26722267 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A Case of a Depressed Patient With Major Titanium Cranial Base Reconstruction Successfully Treated by ECT.

Related Articles

A Case of a Depressed Patient With Major Titanium Cranial Base Reconstruction Successfully Treated by ECT.

Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Oct;172(10):1024-5

Authors: Shiwaku H, Masaki H, Yasugi D, Narushima K

PMID: 26423486 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Contribution of Paretic and Nonparetic Limb Peak Propulsive Forces to Changes in Walking Speed in Individuals Poststroke.

Contribution of Paretic and Nonparetic Limb Peak Propulsive Forces to Changes in Walking Speed in Individuals Poststroke.

Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Hsiao H, Awad LN, Palmer JA, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod SA

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent rehabilitation efforts after stroke often focus on increasing walking speed because it is associated with quality of life. For individuals poststroke, propulsive force generated from the paretic limb has been shown to be correlated to walking speed. However, little is known about the relative contribution of the paretic versus the nonparetic propulsive forces to changes in walking speed.
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of propulsive force generated from each limb to changes in walking speed during speed modulation within a session and as a result of a 12-week training program.
METHODS: Gait analysis was performed as participants (N = 38) with chronic poststroke hemiparesis walked at their self-selected and faster walking speeds on a treadmill before and after a 12-week gait retraining program.
RESULTS: Prior to training, stroke survivors increased nonparetic propulsive forces as the primary mechanism to change walking speed during speed modulation within a session. Following gait training, the paretic limb played a larger role during speed modulation within a session. In addition, the increases in paretic propulsive forces observed following gait training contributed to the increases in the self-selected walking speeds seen following training.
CONCLUSIONS: Gait retraining in the chronic phase of stroke recovery facilitates paretic limb neuromotor recovery and reduces the reliance on the nonparetic limb's generation of propulsive force to increase walking speed. These findings support gait rehabilitation efforts directed toward improving the paretic limb's ability to generate propulsive force.

PMID: 26721869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Paradoxical Motor Recovery From a First Stroke After Induction of a Second Stroke: Reopening a Postischemic Sensitive Period.

Paradoxical Motor Recovery From a First Stroke After Induction of a Second Stroke: Reopening a Postischemic Sensitive Period.

Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Zeiler SR, Hubbard R, Gibson EM, Zheng T, Ng K, O'Brien R, Krakauer JW

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prior studies have suggested that after stroke there is a time-limited period of increased responsiveness to training as a result of heightened plasticity-a sensitive period thought to be induced by ischemia itself. Using a mouse model, we have previously shown that most training-associated recovery after a caudal forelimb area (CFA) stroke occurs in the first week and is attributable to reorganization in a medial premotor area (AGm). The existence of a stroke-induced sensitive period leads to the counterintuitive prediction that a second stroke should reopen this window and promote full recovery from the first stroke. To test this prediction, we induced a second stroke in the AGm of mice with incomplete recovery after a first stroke in CFA.
METHODS: Mice were trained to perform a skilled prehension (reach-to-grasp) task to an asymptotic level of performance, after which they underwent photocoagulation-induced stroke in CFA. After a 7-day poststroke delay, the mice were then retrained to asymptote. We then induced a second stroke in the AGm, and after only a 1-day delay, retrained the mice.
RESULTS: Recovery of prehension was incomplete when training was started after a 7-day poststroke delay and continued for 19 days. However, a second focal stroke in the AGm led to a dramatic response to 9 days of training, with full recovery to normal levels of performance.
CONCLUSIONS: New ischemia can reopen a sensitive period of heightened responsiveness to training and mediate full recovery from a previous stroke.

PMID: 26721868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Diphenyl diselenide elicits antidepressant-like activity in rats exposed to monosodium glutamate: A contribution of serotonin uptake and Na+, K+-ATPase activity

Publication date: 15 March 2016
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 301
Author(s): Caroline B. Quines, Suzan G. Rosa, Daniela Velasquez, Juliana T. Da Rocha, José S.S. Neto, Cristina W. Nogueira
Depression is a disorder with symptoms manifested at the psychological, behavioral and physiological levels. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the most widely used additive in the food industry; however, some adverse effects induced by this additive have been demonstrated in experimental animals and humans, including functional and behavioral alterations. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antidepressant-like effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, an organoselenium compound with pharmacological properties already documented, in the depressive-like behavior induced by MSG in rats. Male and female newborn Wistar rats were divided in control and MSG groups, which received, respectively, a daily subcutaneous injection of saline (0.9%) or MSG (4g/kg/day) from the 1st to 5th postnatal day. At 60th day of life, animals received (PhSe)2 (10mg/kg, intragastrically) 25min before spontaneous locomotor and forced swimming tests (FST). The cerebral cortices of rats were removed to determine [³H] serotonin (5-HT) uptake and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity. A single administration of (PhSe)2 was effective against locomotor hyperactivity caused by MSG in rats. (PhSe)2 treatment protected against the increase in the immobility time and a decrease in the latency for the first episode of immobility in the FST induced by MSG. Furthermore, (PhSe)2 reduced the [³H] 5-HT uptake and restored Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity altered by MSG. In the present study a single administration of (PhSe)2 elicited an antidepressant-like effect and decrease the synaptosomal [³H] 5-HT uptake and an increase in the Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity in MSG-treated rats.



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Antibacterial effects of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. and Thonn.) Müll. Arg extracts and compounds on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens

Publication date: 17 February 2016
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 179
Author(s): X. Siwe Noundou, R.W.M. Krause, S.F. van Vuuren, D. Tantoh Ndinteh, D.K. Olivier
Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe leaves, stems and roots of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. and Thonn.) Müll. Arg. are used as traditional medicine in many African countries for the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tract infections as well as for the treatment of wounds.Aim of the studyTo determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of leaves and stems of A. cordifolia on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens and to identify the compounds in the extracts that may be responsible for this activity.Materials and methodsThe antibacterial activities of crude extracts [hexane, chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH) and water (H2O)] as well as pure compounds isolated from these extracts were evaluated by means of the micro-dilution assay against four Gram-positive bacteria, i.e. Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and S. saprophyticus ATCC 15305, as well as four Gram-negative bacterial strains, i.e. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 23246 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071. The isolation of the active constituents was undertaken by bio-autographic assays in conjunction with chromatographic techniques. The identification and characterisation of the isolated compounds were done using mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) as well as 1D- and 2D- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses.ResultsThe leaves and stems of A. cordifolia exhibited varied antibacterial activity against all eight pathogens. Most of the MIC values ranged between 63 and 2000µg/ml. The highest activities for the crude extracts (63µg/ml) were observed against S. saprophyticus [stem (EtOAc, CHCl3 and hexane), leaves (MeOH, EtOH, EtOAc and CHCl3)], E. coli [stem (MeOH and EtOH), leaves (MeOH, EtOH, EtOAc and CHCl3)], M. catarrhalis [leaves (EtOAc and CHCl3)], K. pneumoniae [stem (CHCl3), leaves (CHCl3)] and S. aureus [leaves (CHCl3)]. Seven constituents [stigmasterol (1), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (2), friedelin (3), friedelane-3-one-28-al (4), 3-O-acetyl-aleuritolic acid (5), 3-O-acetyl-erythrodiol (6) and methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate) (7)] were isolated from the stem MeOH extract. All these compounds displayed some antibacterial activity against the eight pathogens with highest activity against S. saprophyticus (2µg/ml). Furthermore, this is the first report of compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated from A. cordifolia and where a complete set of 2D-NMR data for fridelane-3-one-28-al (4) is presented.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that the antibacterial activities of A. cordifolia extracts may be due to the presence of the seven isolated compounds, where compounds 3–6 showed the best activity. The observed activity against gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens supports the traditional use for the treatment of such ailments.

Graphical abstract

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Aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco leaves, in lower doses, prevent fat gain in obese high-fat fed mice

Publication date: 17 February 2016
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 179
Author(s): P.A.S. White, L.M. Cercato, V.S. Batista, E.A. Camargo, W. De Lucca, A.S. Oliveira, F.T. Silva, T.C. Goes, E.R.A. Oliveira, V.R.S. Moraes, P.C.L. Nogueira, A.M. De Oliveira e Silva, L.J. Quintans-Junior, B.S. Lima, A.A.S. Araújo, M.R.V. Santos
Ethnopharmacological relevanceDue to the rise in obesity, the necessity for resources and treatments that could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated to this pandemia has emerged. The development of new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources has been increasing in the past decades which are being used not only as medicine but also as food supplements. Previous studies with the aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco L (AECI) have demonstrated activity on lowering blood glucose levels and body weight.Aim of the studyInvestigate C. icaco effects in overall adiposity and glycemic homeostasis.Material and methodsC57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to standard chow (SC) or high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with AECI in 0.35mg/mL or 0.7mg/mL concentrations ad libitum. Food intake, feed efficiency, metabolic efficiency, body, fat pads and gastrocnemius weight, adiposity index, serum lipids, fecal lipid excretion, locomotor activity in the open field test and insulin and glucose tolerance tests were analyzed and compared. The major components of the extract were demonstrated through HPLC and its antioxidant activity analyzed through DPPH and lipid peroxidation.ResultsThe AECI in the 0.35mg/mL concentration did not affect food intake or body weight. However, it promoted lower adipose tissue gain, TG levels, and fecal lipid excretion, increased locomotor activity and lean mass weight, and normalized insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Moreover, AECI showed the presence of myricetin 3-O-glucuronide, rutin, quercitrin and myricitrin and demonstrated high-antioxidant activity.ConclusionsAECI in lower concentrations can prevent fat storage or enhance fat utilization through the increase of locomotor activity. Also, this reinforces its ability to maintain glucose homeostasis through the normalization of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance despite the high-fat diet intake. These activities could be associated to the extract's polyphenol content.

Graphical abstract

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Tumor suppression by resistant maltodextrin, Fibersol-2.

Related Articles

Tumor suppression by resistant maltodextrin, Fibersol-2.

Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16(3):460-5

Authors: So EY, Ouchi M, Cuesta-Sancho S, Olson SL, Reif D, Shimomura K, Ouchi T

Abstract
Resistant maltodextrin Fibersol-2 is a soluble and fermentable dietary fiber that is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) in the United States. We tested whether Fibersol-2 contains anti-tumor activity. Human colorectal cancer cell line, HCT116, and its isogenic cells were treated with FIbersol-2. Tumor growth and tumorigenesis were studied in vitro and in vivo. Apoptotic pathway and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. We discovered that Fibersol-2 significantly inhibits tumor growth of HCT116 cells by inducing apoptosis. Fibersol-2 strongly induces mitochondrial ROS and Bax-dependent cleavage of caspase 3 and 9, which is shown by isogenic HCT116 variants. Fibersol-2 induces phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR in parental HCT116 cells, but not in HCT116 deficient for Bax or p53. It prevents growth of tumor xenograft without any apparent signs of toxicity in vivo. These results identify Fibersol-2 as a mechanism-based dietary supplement agent that could prevent colorectal cancer development.

PMID: 25692338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Differential Gene Expression in Coiled versus Flow-Diverter-Treated Aneurysms: RNA Sequencing Analysis in a Rabbit Aneurysm Model.

Differential Gene Expression in Coiled versus Flow-Diverter-Treated Aneurysms: RNA Sequencing Analysis in a Rabbit Aneurysm Model.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Rouchaud A, Johnson C, Thielen E, Schroeder D, Ding YH, Dai D, Brinjikji W, Cebral J, Kallmes DF, Kadirvel R

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The biologic mechanisms leading to aneurysm healing or rare complications such as delayed aneurysm ruptures after flow-diverter placement remain poorly understood. We used RNA sequencing following implantation of coils or flow diverters in elastase aneurysms in rabbits to identify genes and pathways of potential interest.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aneurysms were treated with coils (n = 5) or flow diverters (n = 4) or were left untreated for controls (n = 6). Messenger RNA was isolated from the aneurysms at 4 weeks following treatment. RNA samples were processed by using RNA-sequencing technology and were analyzed by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool.
RESULTS: With RNA sequencing for coiled versus untreated aneurysms, 464/9990 genes (4.6%) were differentially expressed (58 down-regulated, 406 up-regulated). When we compared flow-diverter versus untreated aneurysms, 177/10,041 (1.8%) genes were differentially expressed (8 down-regulated, 169 up-regulated). When we compared flow-diverter versus coiled aneurysms, 13/9982 (0.13%) genes were differentially expressed (8 down-regulated, 5 up-regulated). Keratin 8 was overexpressed in flow diverters versus coils. This molecule may potentially play a critical role in delayed ruptures due to plasmin production. We identified overregulation of apelin in flow diverters, supporting the preponderance of endothelialization, whereas we found overexpression of molecules implicated in wound healing (dectin 1 and hedgehog interacting protein) for coiled aneurysms. Furthermore, we identified metallopeptidases 1, 12, and 13 as overexpressed in coiled versus untreated aneurysms.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed different physiopathologic responses after endovascular treatment with various devices. Flow diverters promote endothelialization but express molecules that could potentially explain the rare delayed ruptures. Coils promote wound healing and express genes potentially implicated in the recurrence of coiled aneurysms.

PMID: 26721773 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Brain Structural and Vascular Anatomy Is Altered in Offspring of Pre-Eclamptic Pregnancies: A Pilot Study.

Brain Structural and Vascular Anatomy Is Altered in Offspring of Pre-Eclamptic Pregnancies: A Pilot Study.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Rätsep MT, Paolozza A, Hickman AF, Maser B, Kay VR, Mohammad S, Pudwell J, Smith GN, Brien D, Stroman PW, Adams MA, Reynolds JN, Croy BA, Forkert ND

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pre-eclampsia is a serious clinical gestational disorder occurring in 3%-5% of all human pregnancies and characterized by endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications. Offspring born of pre-eclamptic pregnancies are reported to exhibit deficits in cognitive function, higher incidence of depression, and increased susceptibility to stroke. However, no brain imaging reports exist on these offspring. We aimed to assess brain structural and vascular anatomy in 7- to 10-year-old offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared with matched controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies and matched controls (n = 10 per group) were recruited from an established longitudinal cohort examining the effects of pre-eclampsia. Children underwent MR imaging to identify brain structural and vascular anatomic differences. Maternal plasma samples collected at birth were assayed for angiogenic factors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: Offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies exhibited enlarged brain regional volumes of the cerebellum, temporal lobe, brain stem, and right and left amygdalae. These offspring displayed reduced cerebral vessel radii in the occipital and parietal lobes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis revealed underexpression of the placental growth factor among the maternal plasma samples from women who experienced pre-eclampsia.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report brain structural and vascular anatomic alterations in the population of offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Brain structural alterations shared similarities with those seen in autism. Vascular alterations may have preceded these structural alterations. This pilot study requires further validation with a larger population to provide stronger estimates of brain structural and vascular outcomes among the offspring of pre-eclamptic pregnancies.

PMID: 26721772 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Diagnostic Value of Prenatal MR Imaging in the Detection of Brain Malformations in Fetuses before the 26th Week of Gestational Age.

Diagnostic Value of Prenatal MR Imaging in the Detection of Brain Malformations in Fetuses before the 26th Week of Gestational Age.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Conte G, Parazzini C, Falanga G, Cesaretti C, Izzo G, Rustico M, Righini A

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In several countries, laws and regulations allow abortion for medical reasons within 24-25 weeks of gestational age. We investigated the diagnostic value of prenatal MR imaging for brain malformations within 25 weeks of gestational age.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively included fetuses within 25 weeks of gestational age who had undergone both prenatal and postnatal MR imaging of the brain between 2002 and 2014. Two senior pediatric neuroradiologists evaluated prenatal MR imaging examinations blinded to postnatal MR imaging findings. With postnatal MR imaging used as the reference standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the prenatal MR imaging in detecting brain malformations.
RESULTS: One-hundred nine fetuses (median gestational age at prenatal MR imaging: 22 weeks; range, 21-25 weeks) were included in this study. According to the reference standard, 111 malformations were detected. Prenatal MR imaging failed to detect correctly 11 of the 111 malformations: 3 midline malformations, 5 disorders of cortical development, 2 posterior fossa anomalies, and 1 vascular malformation. Prenatal MR imaging misdiagnosed 3 findings as pathologic in the posterior fossa.
CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of prenatal MR imaging between 21 and 25 weeks' gestational age is very high, with limitations of sensitivity regarding the detection of disorders of cortical development.

PMID: 26721771 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Endovascular Treatment of Very Small Intracranial Aneurysms: Meta-Analysis.

Endovascular Treatment of Very Small Intracranial Aneurysms: Meta-Analysis.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Yamaki VN, Brinjikji W, Murad MH, Lanzino G

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Outcomes of endovascular treatment of very small intracranial aneurysms are still not well-characterized. Recently, several series assessing coil embolization of tiny aneurysms have presented new promising results. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating endovascular treatment of very small intracranial aneurysms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a computerized search of Scopus, Medline, and the Web of Science for studies on endovascular treatment of very small (≤3 mm in diameter) intracranial aneurysms published between January 1996 and May 2015. Using a random-effects model, we evaluated clinical and angiographic outcomes.
RESULTS: Twenty-two studies with 1105 tiny aneurysms (844 ruptured and 261 unruptured) endovascularly treated were included. Postoperative and long-term complete occlusion was achieved in 85% (95% CI, 78%-90%) and 91% (95% CI, 87%-94%) of aneurysms, respectively. The recanalization rate was 6% (95% CI, 4%-11%) and retreatment occurred in 7% (95% CI, 5%-9%) of cases. Seventy-nine percent (95% CI, 64%-89%) of patients had good neurologic outcome at long-term follow-up. Intraprocedural rupture occurred in 7% (95% CI, 5%-9%) of the coiling procedures, while thromboembolic complications occurred in 4% (95% CI, 3%-6%).
CONCLUSIONS: Coil embolization of very small intracranial aneurysms can be performed safely and effectively. In the case of unruptured aneurysms, procedure-related complications are not negligible. Patients and providers should consider such risks when engaged in a shared decision-making process.

PMID: 26721770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Endovascular Coiling versus Surgical Clipping for Poor-Grade Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Postoperative Complications and Clinical Outcome in a Multicenter Poor-Grade Aneurysm Study.

Endovascular Coiling versus Surgical Clipping for Poor-Grade Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Postoperative Complications and Clinical Outcome in a Multicenter Poor-Grade Aneurysm Study.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Zhao B, Tan X, Yang H, Li Z, Zheng K, Xiong Y, Zhong M, AMPAS Group

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular coiling is an alternative to surgical clipping for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. However, no large multicenter prospective study has compared coiling and clipping in patients with poor-grade ruptured aneurysms. We aimed to determine differences in postoperative complications and clinical outcome between the 2 treatments in this group of patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Multicenter Poor-Grade Aneurysm Study was a prospective, multicenter, observational registry of consecutive patients who presented with poor-grade ruptured aneurysms. Three hundred sixty-six patients were enrolled from October 2010 to March 2012. "Poor-grade aneurysm" was defined as a World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade of IV or V at the time of aneurysm treatment. Two hundred sixty-two patients received aneurysm treatment within 21 days and were included. Clinical outcomes were assessed at discharge and at 6 and 12 months by the modified Rankin Scale.
RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three (50.8%) patients underwent endovascular coiling. Unadjusted analysis showed that the outcome rate (mRS 0-1 or mRS 0-2) at 6 and 12 months in patients undergoing coiling was higher than that in patients undergoing clipping. In adjusted analyses, there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes at 6 and 12 months between the 2 groups. The risk of radiologic hydrocephalus was higher in patients treated with coiling than that in those treated with clipping (adjusted OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.13-10.01; P = .030).
CONCLUSIONS: The long-term outcome in selected patients was similar between endovascular coiling and clipping for poor-grade ruptured aneurysms. The risk of radiologic hydrocephalus was higher after endovascular treatment of poor-grade aneurysms.

PMID: 26721769 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Reply.

Reply.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Inoue Y, Nakajima M, Hirai T, Ando Y

PMID: 26721768 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Cochlear Implantation and Single-sided Deafness: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Cochlear Implantation and Single-sided Deafness: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jan;20(1):69-75

Authors: Cabral Junior F, Pinna MH, Alves RD, Malerbi AF, Bento RF

Abstract
Introduction Current data show that binaural hearing is superior to unilateral hearing, specifically in the understanding of speech in noisy environments. Furthermore, unilateral hearing reduce onés ability to localize sound. Objectives This study provides a systematic review of recent studies to evaluate the outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) with regards to speech discrimination, sound localization and tinnitus suppression. Data Synthesis We performed a search in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Lilacs databases to assess studies related to cochlear implantation in patients with unilateral deafness. After critical appraisal, eleven studies were selected for data extraction and analysis of demographic, study design and outcome data. Conclusion Although some studies have shown encouraging results on cochlear implantation and SSD, all fail to provide a high level of evidence. Larger studies are necessary to define the tangible benefits of cochlear implantation in patients with SSD.

PMID: 26722349 [PubMed]

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Bursting by taste-responsive cells in the rodent brain stem.

Related Articles

Bursting by taste-responsive cells in the rodent brain stem.

J Neurophysiol. 2015 Apr 1;113(7):2434-46

Authors: Baird JP, Tordoff MG, McCaughey SA

Abstract
Neurons that fire in bursts have been well-characterized in vision and other neural systems, but not in taste systems. We therefore examined whether brain stem gustatory neurons fire in bursts during spontaneous activity and, if so, whether such cells differ from nonbursting cells in other characteristics. We looked at neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of C57BL/6ByJ (B6) and 129P3/J (129) mice, and in the NST and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Many NST cells fired frequently with short intervals characteristic of bursting, and such neurons differed from others in their responsiveness to taste compounds. In B6 mice and rats, there was a significant positive correlation between the prevalence of short-interval firing and the net spikes evoked by application of NaCl. In contrast, in 129 mice the prevalence of short intervals was positively correlated with the size of sucrose responses. We also compared breadth-of-tuning measures based on counting either all spikes or only those following short intervals, and we found narrower tuning for the latter in the NST of B6 mice and rats. There was little evidence of spontaneous bursting in the rat PBN, and firing patterns in this nucleus were not related to the size of taste-evoked responses. We suggest that bursting may be a strategy employed by the NST to amplify the postsynaptic impact of particular taste stimuli, depending on an animal's needs. Another function may be to sharpen breadth-of-tuning and thus enhance the contrast between stimuli of different taste qualities.

PMID: 25609109 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Minimally invasive radioguided parathyroid surgery: A literature review.

Minimally invasive radioguided parathyroid surgery: A literature review.

Int J Surg. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Desiato V, Melis M, Amato B, Bianco T, Rocca A, Amato M, Quarto G, Benassai G

Abstract
The minimally invasive approach to parathyroid glands represents an important field of application of radioguided surgery. As always happens, in all cases pertaining to hyper-specialized skills, scientific production has long been the prerogative of a few Authors, but the ever increasing technological diffusion, combined with excellent results often achieved, increases the interest in this technique. This is particularly true in the era of minimally invasive surgery. The Authors realize a review of the existing literature to allow an overall view of current knowledge on this particular topic and to guide future research.

PMID: 26721192 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgical management of cervico-mediastinal goiters: OUR experience and REVIEW of the literature.

Surgical management of cervico-mediastinal goiters: OUR experience and REVIEW of the literature.

Int J Surg. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Di Crescenzo V, Vitale M, Valvano L, Napolitano F, Vatrella A, Zeppa P, De Rosa G, Amato B, Laperuta P

Abstract
AIM: We analyze and discuss the clinical presentation, the diagnostic procedures and the surgical technique in relation to post-operative complications and results in cervico-mediastinal thyroid masses admitted in Thoracic Surgery Unit of AOU Second University of Naples from 1991 to 2006 and in Thoracic Surgery Unit of AOU "S. Giovanni di Dio & Ruggi D'Aragona" of Salerno over a period of 3 years (2011-2014).
METHODS: We reviewed 97 patients who underwent surgical treatment for cervico-mediastinal goiters. 47 patients (49.2%) had cervico-mediastinal goiter, 40 patients (40%) had mediastino-cervical goiter and 10 patients (10.8%) had mediastinal goiter. 73 cases were prevascular goiters and 24 were retrovascular goiters. We performed total thyroidectomy in 40 patients, subtotal thyroidectomy in 46 patients and in 11 cases the resection of residual goiter. In 75 patients we used only a cervical approach, in 21 patients the cervical incision was combined with median sternotomy and in 1 patient with transverse sternotomy.
RESULTS: Three patients (3.1%) died in the postoperative period (2 cardio-respiratory failure and 1 pulmonary embolism). The histologic study revelead 8 (7.7%) carcinomas. Postoperative complications were: dyspnea in 9 cases (10.7%), transient vocal cord paralysis in 6 patients (9.2%), temporary hypoparathyroidism in 9 patients (9.2%) and kidney failure in 1 case (0.9%).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a cervico-mediastinal thyroid mass with or without respiratory distress requires a surgical excision as the only treatment option. Thyroid masses extending to the mediastinum can be excised successfully by cervical incision. Bipolar approach (cervical incision and sternotomy) has an excellent outcome, achieving a safe resection, especially in large thyroid masses extending to the mediastinum with close relations to mediastinal structures and in some limited cases (carcinoma, thyroiditis, retrovascular goiter, ectopic goiter). Postoperative mortality and morbidity is very low, independent of surgical techniques. Other surgical approaches for excision of a Posterior Mediastinal Thyroid Goiter reported in literature are: VATS techniques to remove an ectopic intrathoracic goiter, robot-assisted technique for the removal of a substernal thyroid goiter, with extension into the posterior. mediastinum.

PMID: 26721191 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Sialendoscopy: what is it and what is its awareness?

Sialendoscopy: what is it and what is its awareness?

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Prasad S, Pezier T, Faure F, Marchal F

Abstract
In expanding the scope of sialendoscopy across the globe and assessing the impact of training activities at the European Sialendoscopy Training Centre, this study was conducted to find out the knowledge and attitude among respondents as well as identify potential obstacles to the initiation of the procedure. Delegates attending the 2011 International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies meeting received a set of five questions. There were a total of 257 responses from 57 countries. Nearly all (238/257) were practising in the academic setting. A significant number of respondents had heard about sialendoscopy (231/257). An equal number found it interesting and were keen to learn more about the procedure (233/257). More than 85 % (219/257) respondents expressed their desire to start sialendoscopy. Hurdles to overcome included financial limitations (110) and "not enough knowledge" (100). Awareness about the existence of the procedure was rather high although the knowledge was limited. Several of the responders seemed keen on starting it, but had not done so due to financial limitations. However, there was a high rate of bias owing to the limited number of responders per country precluding a country-wise inference of awareness. Moreover, meetings of this nature tend to be attended by academics who in general seem to be more aware of new developments than their non-academic peers. Future surveys can address these issues as part of ensuring the universal adoption of sialendoscopy.

PMID: 26721245 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Vertiginous Symptoms and Objective Measures of Postural Balance in Elderly People with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Submitted to the Epley Maneuver.

Vertiginous Symptoms and Objective Measures of Postural Balance in Elderly People with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Submitted to the Epley Maneuver.

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jan;20(1):61-8

Authors: Silva CN, Ribeiro KM, Freitas RV, Ferreira LM, Guerra RO

Abstract
Introduction Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common and treatable causes of peripheral vestibular vertigo in adults. Its incidence increases with age, eventually leading to disability and a decreased quality of life. Objective The research aims to assess short-term effects of Otolith Repositioning Maneuver (ORM) on dizziness symptoms, quality of life, and postural balance in elderly people with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Methods A quasi-experimental study, which evaluated 14 elderly people that underwent the Otolith Repositioning Maneuver and reevaluation after one week. The authors performed statistical analysis by descriptive analysis of central tendency and dispersion; for pre- and post-treatment conditions, the authors used the Wilcoxon test. Results All aspects of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (physical, functional, emotional, and total scores) as well as the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) decreased after therapy (p < 0.05 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, more than half of the elderly participants did not achieve negative Dix-Hallpike. Regarding static and dynamic balance, there were significant differences in some parameters of the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance, Limits of Stability and gait assessment measured by the Dizziness Gait Index (p < 0.05). Conclusion Results reveal clinical and functional benefits in elderly people with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo submitted to Otolith Repositioning Maneuver. However, most of the participants did not overcome Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and not all aspects of postural balance improved. Therefore, a longer follow-up period and a multidisciplinary team are required to establish comprehensive care for elderly patients with dizziness complaints.

PMID: 26722348 [PubMed]

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Neurophysiological assessment of auditory, peripheral nerve, somatosensory, and visual system function after developmental exposure to gasoline, E15, and E85 vapors.

Neurophysiological assessment of auditory, peripheral nerve, somatosensory, and visual system function after developmental exposure to gasoline, E15, and E85 vapors.

Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Herr DW, Freeborn DL, Degn L, Martin SA, Ortenzio J, Pantlin L, Hamm CW, Boyes WK

Abstract
The use of gasolines blended with a range of ethanol concentrations may result in inhalation of vapors containing a variable combination of ethanol with other volatile gasoline constituents. The possibility of exposure and potential interactions between vapor constituents suggests the need to evaluate the possible risks of this complex mixture. Previously we evaluated the effects of developmental exposure to ethanol vapors on neurophysiological measures of sensory function as a component of a larger project evaluating developmental ethanol toxicity. Here we report an evaluation using the same battery of sensory function testing in offspring of pregnant dams exposed during gestation to condensed vapors of gasoline (E0), gasoline blended with 15% ethanol (E15) or gasoline blended with 85% ethanol (E85). Pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed to target concentrations 0, 3000, 6000, or 9000ppm total hydrocarbon vapors for 6.5h/day over GD9 - GD20. Sensory evaluations of male offspring began as adults. The electrophysiological testing battery included tests of: peripheral nerve (compound action potentials, nerve conduction velocity [NCV]), somatosensory (cortical and cerebellar evoked potentials), auditory (brainstem auditory evoked responses), and visual functions. Visual function assessment included pattern elicited visual evoked potentials (VEP), VEP contrast sensitivity, dark-adapted (scotopic) electroretinograms (ERGs), light-adapted (photopic) ERGs, and green flicker ERGs. The results included sporadic statistically significant effects, but the observations were not consistently concentration-related and appeared to be statistical Type 1 errors related to multiple dependent measures evaluated. The exposure concentrations were much higher than can be reasonably expected from typical exposures to the general population during refueling or other common exposure situations. Overall the results indicate that gestational exposure of male rats to ethanol/gasoline vapor combinations did not cause detectable changes in peripheral nerve, somatosensory, auditory, or visual function when the offspring were assessed as adults.

PMID: 26721698 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Statistical context shapes stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex.

Related Articles

Statistical context shapes stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex.

J Neurophysiol. 2015 Apr 1;113(7):2582-91

Authors: Herrmann B, Henry MJ, Fromboluti EK, McAuley JD, Obleser J

Abstract
Stimulus-specific adaptation is the phenomenon whereby neural response magnitude decreases with repeated stimulation. Inconsistencies between recent nonhuman animal recordings and computational modeling suggest dynamic influences on stimulus-specific adaptation. The present human electroencephalography (EEG) study investigates the potential role of statistical context in dynamically modulating stimulus-specific adaptation by examining the auditory cortex-generated N1 and P2 components. As in previous studies of stimulus-specific adaptation, listeners were presented with oddball sequences in which the presentation of a repeated tone was infrequently interrupted by rare spectral changes taking on three different magnitudes. Critically, the statistical context varied with respect to the probability of small versus large spectral changes within oddball sequences (half of the time a small change was most probable; in the other half a large change was most probable). We observed larger N1 and P2 amplitudes (i.e., release from adaptation) for all spectral changes in the small-change compared with the large-change statistical context. The increase in response magnitude also held for responses to tones presented with high probability, indicating that statistical adaptation can overrule stimulus probability per se in its influence on neural responses. Computational modeling showed that the degree of coadaptation in auditory cortex changed depending on the statistical context, which in turn affected stimulus-specific adaptation. Thus the present data demonstrate that stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex critically depends on statistical context. Finally, the present results challenge the implicit assumption of stationarity of neural response magnitudes that governs the practice of isolating established deviant-detection responses such as the mismatch negativity.

PMID: 25652920 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Peroneal intraneural ganglia formation causing foot drop in children; clinical perspective.

Peroneal intraneural ganglia formation causing foot drop in children; clinical perspective.

World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Jacques L

PMID: 26721618 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Anterior Subcallosal Approach to Third Ventricular and Suprasellar Lesions: Anatomical Description and Technical Note.

The Anterior Subcallosal Approach to Third Ventricular and Suprasellar Lesions: Anatomical Description and Technical Note.

World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Liebelt BD, Hooten KG, Britz GW

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgical access to the third ventricle is challenging given the depth of the operative field and close proximity of vital neural structures that must be traversed. For anterior third ventricular lesions approach options include anterior transcallosal or transcortical, subfrontal, frontotemporal, or endonasal. The subcallosal approach, a trans-lamina terminalis approach, is unique in that the surgical corridor is just below the corpus callosum, minimizes retraction, and preserves corpus callosum integrity. Case examples are provided and an anatomical study delineating the dimensions of the surgical corridor is performed.
METHODS: Two latex injected cadaver heads were utilized to describe the subcallosal corridor. An MRI was obtained and registered with neuronavigation for correlative anatomical illustration. Depth, dimensions, and cross-sectional area were measured for the subcommunicating and supracommunicating corridors.
RESULTS: The surgical depth for anterior transcallosal, subcallosal, and subfrontal approaches was 7.5 cm, 7.7 cm, and 7.6 cm respectively. The average corridor dimensions for the subcallosal approach was 14.75 x 6.63 mm compared to 8.88 x 5.38 mm for the subcommunicating corridor. Cross sectional area of the subcommunicating corridor was 30.62 mm(2) compared to 80.42 mm(2) for supracommunicating. This was easily enlarged to 156.62 mm(2) with gentle retraction.
CONCLUSIONS: The anterior subcallosal approach is a safe approach for lesions of the third ventricle that avoids splitting the corpus callosum, resecting unnecessary brain, and minimizes brain retraction. This corridor is superior to the traditional subfrontal approach in terms of working space and compares favorably to the anterior transcallosal approach without disrupting the corpus callosum.

PMID: 26721617 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Analysis of factors contributing to infections following cranioplasty: a single-institution retrospective chart review.

Analysis of factors contributing to infections following cranioplasty: a single-institution retrospective chart review.

World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Riordan MA, Simpson VM, Hall WA

PMID: 26721616 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Predictors of Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Predictors of Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury.

World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Baum J, Entezami P, Shah K, Medhkour A

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate patients treated for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) to determine how multiple organ trauma (MOT) and lung injuries sustained at the time of initial injury affect outcome.
METHOD: A single institution retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with TBI at a level I trauma center from 2000-2014 was conducted. Clinical outcome was based on Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at hospital discharge. Lung injury was defined as the presence of pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, hemothorax, rib fractures, or diaphragmatic rupture proven by X-ray or CT scan. MOT was defined as trauma to one body region with an AIS score ≥ 3 plus trauma to two additional body regions with AIS scores ≥ 1.Regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 21.
RESULTS: There were 409 patients reviewed. Majority of patients were male (73%), average age was 46y (16-94), average GCS was 7, and 71% had a severe TBI (GCS≤8). Thirty percent of patients had poor outcome (GOS=1-2) Regression analysis indicated age (OR=1.03, p<0.001), initial GCS (OR=0.88, p<0.001), ISS (OR=1.03, p=0.021), and head AIS≥5 (OR=0.55, p=0.019) were significant independent predictors of poor outcome. Sex, MOT, lung injury, and lung injury severity were not significant predictors of outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Age, GCS, ISS, and critical head injuries (AIS≥5) were significant tools in predicting outcome in this patient cohort. Multiple organ trauma and traumatic lung injury may cause significant damage to a patient suffering from a severe TBI, but these injuries do not predict mortality in this patient population.

PMID: 26721615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Neuroendoscopy for Intraventricular Tumor Resection.

Neuroendoscopy for Intraventricular Tumor Resection.

World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: Rocque B

PMID: 26721614 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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ALX1 promotes migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through increasing snail expression.

ALX1 promotes migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through increasing snail expression.

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(10):12129-39

Authors: Yao W, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li G, Xu X, Zou K, Xu Y, Zou L

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the main causes in cancer-related death. Here we reported a novel functional role of Aristaless-like homeobox1 (ALX1) in lung carcinogenesis. Analysis of ALX1 in lung cancer specimens confirms upregulation of ALX1 in lung cancer, especially these with distant metastasis. Moreover, higher level of ALX1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis of lung cancer patients. Ectopic expression of ALX1 significantly promotes lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while ALX1 silencing by siRNA significantly inhibits these abilities of lung cancer cells. The functional role of ALX1 is dependent on increasing Snail expression and knockdown of Snail could restrain the role of ALX1. Collectively, we identify critical roles of ALX1 in lung cancer development and progression. These findings may serve as a framework for future investigations designed to more comprehensive determination of ALX1 as a potential therapeutic target.

PMID: 26722397 [PubMed - in process]

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MicroRNA-34a-5p enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy by targeting AXL in hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC-97L cells.

MicroRNA-34a-5p enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy by targeting AXL in hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC-97L cells.

Oncol Lett. 2015 Nov;10(5):2691-2698

Authors: Li XY, Wen JY, Jia CC, Wang TT, Li X, Dong M, Lin QU, Chen ZH, Ma XK, Wei LI, Lin ZX, Ruan DY, Chen J, Wu DH, Liu W, Tai Y, Xiong ZY, Wu XY, Zhang QI

Abstract
Mature microRNA (miRNA) 34a-5p, which is a well-known tumor suppressor in hepatitis virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), plays an important role in cell processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, and is therefore an optimal biomarker for future clinical use. However, the role of miRNA-34a-5p in chemoresistance has yet to be identified. In the present study, the expression of miRNA-34a-5p was assessed by an in situ hybridization assay in HCC tissues and was found to be significantly decreased compared with the pericarcinomatous areas of the tissue specimens, which consisted of samples obtained from 114 patients with HCC. High expression of miRNA-34a-5p was found to be associated with a favorable overall survival time in HCC patients. Functional tests performed by transfecting miRNA-34a-5p mimics or inhibitors into MHCC-97L cells illustrated that miRNA-34a-5p inhibited proliferation, elevated apoptosis and decreased chemoresistance to cisplatin in HCC cells. AXL is the direct target of miRNA-34a-5p, as confirmed by sequence analysis and luciferase assay. Transfection of the cells with small interfering RNA for AXL (siAXL) increased the apoptosis ratio of the MHCC-97L cell line. Transfection with siAXL led to similar biological behaviors in the MHCC-97L cells to those induced by ectopic expression of miRNA-34a-5p. Thus, it was concluded that miRNA-34a-5p enhanced the sensitivity of the cells to chemotherapy by targeting AXL in hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, low expression of miRNA-34a-5p in HCC tissues yielded an unfavorable prognosis for patients with HCC that received radical surgery, due to the promotion of proliferation and an increase in chemoresistance in HCC cells.

PMID: 26722228 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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PET/MRI of Hepatic 90Y Microsphere Deposition Determines Individual Tumor Response.

PET/MRI of Hepatic 90Y Microsphere Deposition Determines Individual Tumor Response.

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2015 Dec 31;

Authors: Fowler KJ, Maughan NM, Laforest R, Saad NE, Sharma A, Olsen J, Speirs CK, Parikh PJ

Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to determine if there is a relationship between dose deposition measured by PET/MRI and individual lesion response to yttrium-90 ((90)Y) microsphere radioembolization.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 patients undergoing lobar treatment with (90)Y microspheres underwent PET/MRI within 66 h of treatment and had follow-up imaging available. Adequate visualization of tumor was available in 24 patients, and contours were drawn on simultaneously acquired PET/MRI data. Dose volume histograms (DVHs) were extracted from dose maps, which were generated using a voxelized dose kernel. Similar contours to capture dimensional and volumetric change of tumors were drawn on follow-up imaging. Response was analyzed using both RECIST and volumetric RECIST (vRECIST) criteria.
RESULTS: A total of 8 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 4 neuroendocrine tumor (NET), 9 colorectal metastases (CRC) patients, and 3 patients with other metastatic disease met inclusion criteria. Average dose was useful in predicting response between responders and non-responders for all lesion types and for CRC lesions alone using both response criteria (p < 0.05). D70 (minimum dose to 70 % of volume) was also useful in predicting response when using vRECIST. No significant trend was seen in the other tumor types. For CRC lesions, an average dose of 29.8 Gy offered 76.9 % sensitivity and 75.9 % specificity for response.
CONCLUSIONS: PET/MRI of (90)Y microsphere distribution showed significantly higher DVH values for responders than non-responders in patients with CRC. DVH analysis of (90)Y microsphere distribution following treatment may be an important predictor of response and could be used to guide future adaptive therapy trials.

PMID: 26721589 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Profiling Long Noncoding RNA Expression Using Custom-Designed Microarray.

Profiling Long Noncoding RNA Expression Using Custom-Designed Microarray.

Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1402:33-41

Authors: Zhang X, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Calin GA

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of pervasive genes involved in a variety of biological functions. The abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been implicated in a range of many human diseases, including cancer. But only a small number of functional lncRNAs have been well characterized to date. lncRNA expression profiling may help to identify useful molecular biomarkers and targets for novel therapeutic approaches in the future. In this chapter, we describe a highly efficient lncRNA expression profiling method using a custom-designed microarray.

PMID: 26721482 [PubMed - in process]

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METASTATIC RADIOIODINE AVID STRUMA OVARII ASSOCIATED WITH PSEUDO-MEIGS' SYNDROME.

METASTATIC RADIOIODINE AVID STRUMA OVARII ASSOCIATED WITH PSEUDO-MEIGS' SYNDROME.

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2015 Jul-Sep;27(3):731-4

Authors: Riaz S, Bashir H, Hassan A, Syed AA, Hussain M, Imtiaz S

Abstract
We report a case of 21 years old lady who presented with ascites, left adnexal mass and elevated CA-125. With suspicion of ovarian malignancy, she underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy with omental biopsy. Histopathology revealed: 'follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in struma ovarii' with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in omental and peritoneal nodules. Patient underwent total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine therapy for metastatic omental and peritoneal disease. Post-therapy whole body scan, revealed extensive I-131 avid disease metastatic disease involving the chest, abdomen, pelvis and the musculoskeletal system. Patient was treated with multiple doses of high dose radioactive iodine. She became symptom free on supra-physiologic doses of oral thyroxin however her high thyroglobulin levels and residual radioiodine avid metastatic disease required further treatment. In literature a few cases of struma ovarii have been reported with elevated CA-125 and associated pseudo-Meigs' syndrome. The treatment for this rare disease is still not standardized and poses a therapeutic challenge. Our case emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach for managing struma ovarii.

PMID: 26721055 [PubMed - in process]

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Radiolabeled BMIPP for imaging hepatic fatty acid metabolism: evaluation of hepatic distribution and metabolism in mice at various metabolic statuses induced by fasting in comparison with palmitic acid.

Related Articles

Radiolabeled BMIPP for imaging hepatic fatty acid metabolism: evaluation of hepatic distribution and metabolism in mice at various metabolic statuses induced by fasting in comparison with palmitic acid.

Mol Imaging. 2015;14

Authors: Yamasaki K, Zhao S, Nishimura M, Zhao Y, Yu W, Shimizu Y, Nishijima K, Tamaki N, Takeda H, Kuge Y

Abstract
Abnormalities in hepatic fatty acid metabolism are involved in various diseases. In order to clarify the use of 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid ([123I]BMIPP) for imaging hepatic fatty acid metabolism, we determined the hepatic distribution/metabolism of [125I]BMIPP in mice at various metabolic statuses induced by fasting, and compared the results with those of [1-(14)C]palmitic acid ([1-(14)C]PA). Fed or fasted (6, 12, and 24 hour-fasted) mice were intravenously injected with [125I]BMIPP or [1-(14)C]PA. Hepatic radioactivity was measured at 1 to 120 minutes after the injection (n  =  5 to 15/time points), and radioactive lipid metabolites were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (n  =  3/time points). The areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. In mice given [125I]BMIPP, the hepatic radioactivity was increased with the fasting time (AUC: 35.1, 45.5, 57.6, and 59.0 [% injected dose (ID)/g/kg]▪min for fed, 6, 12, and 24 hour-fasted). Similar characteristic changes were observed in mice given [1-(14)C]PA (100.6, 101.0, 116.5, and 121.5 [%ID/g/kg]▪min). Metabolite analysis showed that the triglyceride-fraction was increased by fasting in both groups (5.7, 12.8, 32.0, and 37.9 [%ID/g/kg]▪min for [125I]BMIPP groups; 20.6, 39.2, 66.0, and 67.9 [%ID/g/kg]▪min for [1-(14)C]PA groups). Thus, [125I]BMIPP demonstrated the changes in hepatic fatty acid metabolism induced by fasting, indicating the potential of [123I]BMIPP for imaging hepatic fatty acid metabolism.

PMID: 25744134 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Pathological analysis of collision (double primary) cancer in the upper digestive tract concomitant with gastric stromal tumor: a case report.

Pathological analysis of collision (double primary) cancer in the upper digestive tract concomitant with gastric stromal tumor: a case report.

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(10):13523-7

Authors: Sun X, Zou Y, Hao Y, Cheng H, Zhou C, Meng X

Abstract
Carcinoma of the esophagus and cardiac cancer are common malignancies, while multiple primary cancers in the esophagus and cardia is rarely encountered and easily misdiagnosed. Multiple primary cancers mean the same organs (tissues) or different organs (tissues) have two or more than two primary malignant tumors at the same time or in sequence in the same individual. The case below of two independent primary lesions is double primary carcinoma which meets the diagnosis standard of multiple primary cancers. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is the most common stromal tumor, which is usually considered as originating from Cajal cells in the gastrointestinal tract or mesenchymal stem cells with the mutation of KIT or PDGFRA gene. Study on stromal tumor with digestive tract cancer is less both at home and abroad, while double primary carcinoma with stromal tumor is rare, which has not been reported at present. Although scholars have different viewpoints on the prognosis, but the full understanding of this disease can be as a warning for the future work and to avoid misdiagnosis.

PMID: 26722567 [PubMed - in process]

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