Schoon, I; (2016) Crime involvement and family formation: Evidence from the British birth cohort study. Advances in Life Course Research 10.1016/j.alcr.2016.03.003 . (In press).
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Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τετάρτη 11 Μαΐου 2016
Crime involvement and family formation: Evidence from the British birth cohort study
Inactivation of class II PI3K-C2α induces leptin resistance, age-dependent insulin resistance and obesity in male mice
Alliouachene, S; Bilanges, B; Chaussade, C; Pearce, W; Foukas, LC; Scudamore, CL; Moniz, LS; Alliouachene, S; Bilanges, B; Chaussade, C; Pearce, W; Foukas, LC; Scudamore, CL; Moniz, LS; Vanhaesebroeck, B; - view fewer (2016) Inactivation of class II PI3K-C2α induces leptin resistance, age-dependent insulin resistance and obesity in male mice. Diabetologia 10.1007/s00125-016-3963-y . (In press). Green open access
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The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases α and β control antiphospholipid antibodies-induced platelet activation
Terrisse, AD; Laurent, PA; Garcia, C; Gratacap, MP; Vanhaesebroeck, B; Sié, P; Payrastre, B; (2016) The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases α and β control antiphospholipid antibodies-induced platelet activation. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 10.1160/TH15-08-0661 .
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Sound localization in reverberant environments: physiological bases of the precedence effect.
Paterson, M.A.M.; (2005) Sound localization in reverberant environments: physiological bases of the precedence effect. Doctoral thesis, University of London. Green open access
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Suicidality in young Asian women: the role of shame.
Patel, S.N.; (2005) Suicidality in young Asian women: the role of shame. Doctoral thesis, University of London. Green open access
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A Test for Instrument Validity
Kitagawa, T; (2015) A Test for Instrument Validity. Econometrica , 83 (5) pp. 2043-2063. 10.3982/ECTA11974 . Green open access
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Essentials from the 2015 European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines for the treatment of adult HIV-positive persons
Ryom, L; Boesecke, C; Gisler, V; Manzardo, C; Rockstroh, JK; Puoti, M; Furrer, H; Ryom, L; Boesecke, C; Gisler, V; Manzardo, C; Rockstroh, JK; Puoti, M; Furrer, H; Miro, JM; Gatell, JM; Pozniak, A; Behrens, G; Battegay, M; Lundgren, JD; Manzardo, C; Monforte, ADA; Arribas, J; Clumeck, N; Dedes, N; Geretti, AM; Horban, A; Katlama, C; McCormack, S; Molina, JM; Mussini, C; Raffi, F; Reiss, P; Stellbrink, HJ; Behrens, G; Bower, M; Cinque, P; Collins, S; Compston, J; Deray, G; De Wit, S; Fux, CA; Guraldi, G; Mallon, P; Martinez, E; Marzolini, C; Papapoulos, S; du Pasquier, R; Poulter, N; Williams, I; Winston, A; Puoti, M; Boesecke, C; Bhagani, S; Bruno, R; Konov, S; Lacombe, K; Mauss, S; Mendao, L; Peters, L; Rauch, A; Tural, C; Furrer, H; Miro, JM; Gisler, V; Fätkenheuer, G; Kirk, O; Mocroft, A; Morlat, P; Volny-Anne, A; Mulcahy, F; Katlama, C; Oprea, C; Youle, M; - view fewer (2016) Essentials from the 2015 European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines for the treatment of adult HIV-positive persons. HIV Medicine , 17 (2) pp. 83-88. 10.1111/hiv.12322 .
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Model averaging in semiparametric estimation of treatment effects
Kitagawa, T; Muris, C; (2016) Model averaging in semiparametric estimation of treatment effects. Journal of Econometrics , 193 (1) pp. 271-289. 10.1016/j.jeconom.2016.03.002 .
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Reserve price effects in auctions: estimates from multiple regression-discontinuity designs
Choi, S; Nesheim, L; Rasul, I; (2016) Reserve price effects in auctions: estimates from multiple regression-discontinuity designs. Economic Enquiry , 54 (1) pp. 294-314. 10.1111/ecin.12226 . Green open access
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Socio-economic status affects sentence repetition, but not non-word repetition, in Chilean preschoolers
Balladares, J; Marshall, C; Griffiths, Y; (2016) Socio-economic status affects sentence repetition, but not non-word repetition, in Chilean preschoolers. First Language 10.1177/0142723715626067 . (In press). Green open access
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Sentence Repetition in Deaf Children with Specific Language Impairment in British Sign Language
Marshall, C; Mason, K; Rowley, K; Herman, R; Atkinson, J; Woll, B; Morgan, G; (2015) Sentence Repetition in Deaf Children with Specific Language Impairment in British Sign Language. Language Learning and Development , 11 (3) pp. 237-251. 10.1080/15475441.2014.917557 . Green open access
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Measurement issues: Assessing language skills in young children
Dockrell, JE; Marshall, CR; (2015) Measurement issues: Assessing language skills in young children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health , 20 (2) pp. 116-125. 10.1111/camh.12072 .
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Non-verbal executive function is mediated by language: A study of deaf and hearing children
Botting, N; Jones, A; Marshall, CR; Denmark, T; Atkinson, J; Morgan, G; Non-verbal executive function is mediated by language: A study of deaf and hearing children. Child Development (In press).
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Statistical modelling of virological and immunological patterns in HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Europe.
Patel, D.D.; (2005) Statistical modelling of virological and immunological patterns in HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Europe. Doctoral thesis, University of London. Green open access
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NetRAD: Monostatic and Bistatic Sea clutter Texture and Doppler Spectra Characterisation at S-Band
Ritchie, MA; Stove, A; Woodbridge, K; Griffiths, H; NetRAD: Monostatic and Bistatic Sea clutter Texture and Doppler Spectra Characterisation at S-Band. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (In press). Green open access
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Carbonized Silk Fabric for Ultrastretchable, Highly Sensitive, and Wearable Strain Sensors
A carbonized plain-weave silk fabric is fabricated into wearable and robust strain sensors, which can be stretched up to 500% and show high sensitivity in a wide strain range. This sensor can be assembled into wearable devices for detection of both large and subtle human activities, showing great potential for monitoring human motions and personal health.
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Selective Breaking of Hydrogen Bonds of Layered Carbon Nitride for Visible Light Photocatalysis
Selective breaking hydrogen bonds of graphitic carbon nitride can introduce a couple of favorable features including increased band tails close to the band edges and created abundant pores. These features can simultaneously improve the three basic processes of photocatalysis. As a consequence, the photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity of carbon nitride under visible light is drastically increased by tens of times.
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Mitochondria-associated membranes as hubs for neurodegeneration
There is a growing appreciation that membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells communicate directly with one another through direct membrane contact sites. Mitochondria-associated membranes are specialized subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum that function as membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These sites have emerged as major players in lipid metabolism and calcium signaling. More recently also autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics have been found to be regulated at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Neurons critically depend on mitochondria-associated membranes as a means to exchange metabolites and signaling molecules between these organelles. This is underscored by the fact that genes affecting mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis are clearly overrepresented in several hereditary neurodegenerative disorders. Conversely, the processes affected by the contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are widely implicated in neurodegeneration. This review will focus on the most recent data addressing the structural composition and function of the mitochondria-associated membranes. In addition, the 3D morphology of the contact sites as observed using volume electron microscopy is discussed. Finally, it will highlight the role of several key proteins associated with these contact sites that are involved not only in dementias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, but also in axonopathies such as hereditary spastic paraplegia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Polymer Acceptor Based on Double BN Bridged Bipyridine (BNBP) Unit for High-Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells
A novel polymer acceptor based on the double BN bridged bipyridine building block is reported. All-polymer solar cells based on the new polymer acceptor show a power conversion efficiency of as high as 6.26% at a photon energy loss of only 0.51 eV.
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Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Honeycomb-Like Open Porous Nanostructures as Precious-Metal-Free Catalysts for Highly Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction
Honeycomb-like porous carbon nanostructures are rationally constructed from a metal-organic framework composite. The unique architecture with uniformly distributed high-density active sites significantly enhances the electrocatalytic performance by increasing the accessible active sites and enhancing mass transport of the gas and electrolyte, rendering the resulting catalyst adequate in reaching the desired catalytic performance afforded by Pt for oxygen reduction reaction.
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Traceable Nanoparticle Delivery of Small Interfering RNA and Retinoic Acid with Temporally Release Ability to Control Neural Stem Cell Differentiation for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Nanoparticles that can efficiently control the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons are developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. The treatment with these nanoparticles results in an attenuation of neuronal loss and rescues the memory deficiencies in mice. The system can also be used to monitor the transplantation site, as well as the migration of NSCs in real time. Therefore, the system is proposed to open up new avenues for AD treatment.
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Infiltrated Porous Polymer Sheets as Free-Standing Flexible Lithium-Sulfur Battery Electrodes
Free-standing high capacity Li2S electrodes with capacity loadings in the range from 1.5 to 3.8 mAh cm−2 have been produced by using infiltration of active materials into porous carbonized biomass sheets. The proposed electrode design can be effectively utilized for the low-cost fabrication of flexible lithium batteries with high specific energy.
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Stretchable E-Skin Apexcardiogram Sensor
A new strategy to measure the apex cardiogram with electronic skin technology is presented. An electronic skin apexcardiogram sensor, which can compensate the conventional electrocardiogram for cardiac diagnosis, is demonstrated through highly sensitive and stretchable strain sensor with gold nanoparticle composites.
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[Neuroprotective subthalamotomy in Parkinson's disease. The role of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in early surgery].
[Neuroprotective subthalamotomy in Parkinson's disease. The role of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in early surgery].
Neurocirugia (Astur). 2016 May 5;
Authors: Guridi J, Marigil M, Becerra V, Parras O
Abstract
Subthalamic nucleus hyperactivity in Parkinson's disease may be a very early phenomenon. Its start is not well known, and it may occur during the pre-symptomatic disease stage. Glutamatergic hyperactivity may be neurotoxic over the substantia nigra compacta dopaminergic neurons. If this occurred, the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, should affect the neurons that maintain a high turnover as a compensatory mechanism. Would a subthalamic nucleus lesion decrease this hyperactivity and thus be considered as a neuroprotective mechanism for dopaminergic neurons? The authors hypothesise about the possibility to perform surgery on a subthalamic nucleus lesion at a very early stage in order to avoid the neurotoxic glutamatergic effect over the dopaminergic neurons, and therefore be considered as a neuroprotective surgery able to alter the progress of the disease during early motor symptoms. In this regard, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound techniques open a new window in the stereotactic armamentarium.
PMID: 27162136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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High-Performance Phototransistor of Epitaxial PbS Nanoplate-Graphene Heterostructure with Edge Contact
Fast infrared response (rising time = 24 ms) and ultrahigh photoconductive gain (108) are obtained in epitaxial PbS nanoplate-graphene heterostructures. Combining density functional theory with experiments, this study finds single-crystalline PbS nanoplates are covalently bound to grapheme edge with strong chemical hybridization, which offers a fast carriers transmission path.
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Thickness Dependence of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator Films
The evolution of the quantum anomalous Hall effect with the thickness of Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 magnetic topological insulator films is studied, which reveals how the effect is caused by the interplay of the surface states, band-bending and ferromagnetic exchange energy. Homogeneity in ferromagnetism is found to be the key to high temperature quantum anomalous Hall material.
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Organometal Halide Perovskite Artificial Synapses
Organometal halide perovskite synaptic devices are fabricated; they emulate important working principles of a biological synapse, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and spike-timing dependent plasticity. These properties originate from possible ion migration in the ion-rich perovskite matrix. This work has extensive applicability and practical significance in neuromorphic electronics.
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A Furan–Thiophene-Based Quinoidal Compound: A New Class of Solution-Processable High-Performance n-Type Organic Semiconductor
The furan–thiophene-based quinoidal organic semiconductor, TFT-CN, is designed and synthesized. TFT-CN displays a high electron mobility of 7.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding thiophene-based derivative.
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NMR detection in biofluid extracts at sub-[small mu ]M concentrations via para-H2 induced hyperpolarization
Analyst, 2016, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C6AN00804F, Communication
DOI: 10.1039/C6AN00804F, Communication
Indrek Reile, Nan Eshuis, Niels Hermkens, Bram J.A. van Weerdenburg, Martinus C Feiters, Floris PJT Rutjes, Marco Tessari
NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques to simultaneously obtain qualitative and quantitative information in chemical analysis. Despite its versatility, the applications of NMR in the study of...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques to simultaneously obtain qualitative and quantitative information in chemical analysis. Despite its versatility, the applications of NMR in the study of...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Highly sensitive detection of cancer-related genes based on completely fluorescence restoration of molecular beacon with functional overhang
Analyst, 2016, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C6AN00898D, Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C6AN00898D, Paper
Feng Li, Yingying Zhou, Ting Peng, Huo Xu, Rongbo Zhang, Hui Zhao, Zhengyong Wang, Jianxin Lu, Zai-Sheng Wu, Zhifa Shen
The accurate detection of cancer-related genes is of great significance in early diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer. In this contribution, an automatically cycling operation of functional overhang-contained molecular beacon...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
The accurate detection of cancer-related genes is of great significance in early diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer. In this contribution, an automatically cycling operation of functional overhang-contained molecular beacon...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Risk factors of placenta previa: a population based study and the review of the literature
2016-05-11T06-50-36Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Cetin Aydin, Serenat Eris Yalcin, Yakup Yalcin, Dilek Uysal, Mehmet Ozgur Akkurt, And Yavuz, Halime Sen Selim, Esra Nur Tola.
The aim of our study is to provide a population-based risk factor profile for placenta previa and thereby enable early diagnosis plus the necessary management for this risky group. Methods This research was a retrospective case control study including 25105 pregnancies in the period January 2000- December 2010. The data of 25105 pregnancies were examined on the hospital database. A total of 139 single pregnancies complicated by placenta previa were compared with a randomly selected control group of 1200 single pregnancies. Evaluation was made of risk factors for placenta previa. Results Of the 25105 pregnancies presenting at our clinic during the 10-year period, placenta previa was determined in 139, giving an incidence rate of 0.55%. In the comparison of the two groups; advanced maternal age, multiparity, a history of caesarean section, a history of abortion or uterine curettage, cigarette smoking and male gender were found to be statistically significant as a risk factor for placenta previa. Conclusions The knowledge of the predisposing obstetric factors in respect of the development of placenta previa on a population basis provides the possibility of a careful approach on an individual patient basis.
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The path to subcutaneous emphysema
2016-05-11T06-50-36Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Cyriac Abby Philips.
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Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention and treatment [Diyabetik nefropati: tanı, önleme ve tedavisi]
2016-05-11T06-50-36Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Irem Pembegul Yigit, Hulya Taskapan.
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication seen in both type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and worldwide incidince is increasing. Hemodynamic, metabolic and genetic factors are responsible take part in the pathogenesis. First finding is microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/day or 20-200 µ/min.). Screening for microalbuminuria should be performed once a year, starting 5 years after diagnosis in type 1 DM and at diagnosis in type 2 DM patients. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking, high dietary protein, hyperlipidemia, sex, race, obesity and genetic tendency were identified as independent risk factors in the development and progression of DN. Good glycemic control (HbA1c 1.0 g/day), treating dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol
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Etodolac induced acute interstitial nephritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
2016-05-11T06-50-36Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Haci Bayram Berktas, Irem Pembegul Yigit, Hulya Taskapan, Nusret Akpolat.
In spite of the widespread use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as etodolac, induction of drug-dependent antibodies that cause hemolytic anemia and acute tubulointerstitiel nephritis are rarely reported. Currently, there is no way of identifying individuals who are at risk to develop this kind of complications. In patients who present with acute immune hemolysis and acute renal failure, it is important that a careful history of medication be obtained, potential sensitizing medications be identified. In this article we describe a patient with acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure related with etodolac.
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Murine models of breast cancer bone metastasis
Bone metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality in late-stage breast cancer patients and are currently considered incurable. Investigators rely on translational models to better understand the pathogenesis of skeletal complications of malignancy in order to identify therapeutic targets that may ultimately prevent and treat solid tumor metastasis to bone. Many experimental models of breast cancer bone metastases are in use today, each with its own caveats. In this methods review, we characterize the bone phenotype of commonly utilized human- and murine-derived breast cell lines that elicit osteoblastic and/or osteolytic destruction of bone in mice and report methods for optimizing tumor-take in murine models of bone metastasis. We then provide protocols for four of the most common xenograft and syngeneic inoculation routes for modeling breast cancer metastasis to the skeleton in mice, including the intra-cardiac, intra-arterial, orthotopic and intra-tibial methods of tumor cell injection. Recommendations for in vivo and ex vivo assessment of tumor progression and bone destruction are provided, followed by discussion of the strengths and limitations of the available tools and translational models that aid investigators in the study of breast cancer metastasis to bone.
BoneKEy Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.31
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Global Malic Acid Market 2016: Industry size, Share, Growth, Forecast of CAGR
Market Research Report on Malic Acid Market 2016 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Malic Acid worldwide. First of all,"Global Malic Acid Market 2016" report provides a basic overview of the Malic Acid industry including definitions, classifications, applications an...
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Global Agriculture M2M Market 2016 Industry Share, Review, Sales, Trends, Growth & Analysis 2025
Market Research Report on Agriculture M2M Market 2016 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Agriculture M2M worldwide. First of all,"Global Agriculture M2M Market 2016" report provides a basic overview of the Agriculture M2M industry including definitions, classificati...
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Global Agricultural Miticide Market 2016 Industry Research, Demand, Supply, Trends, Growth & Analysis 2025
Market Research Report on Agricultural Miticide Market 2016 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Agricultural Miticide worldwide. First of all,"Global Agricultural Miticide Market 2016" report provides a basic overview of the Agricultural Miticide industry including d...
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Global Adjuvants in Agriculture Market 2016 Industry Supply, Review, Trends, Size, Growth & Analysis 2025
Market Research Report on Adjuvants in Agriculture Market 2016 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Adjuvants in Agriculture worldwide. First of all,"Global Adjuvants in Agriculture Market 2016" report provides a basic overview of the Adjuvants in Agriculture industry...
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Global Agriculture Micronutrient Market 2016 Industry Size, Growth, Share, Analysis and Forecast
Market Research Report on Agriculture Micronutrient Market 2016 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Agriculture Micronutrient worldwide. First of all,"Global Agriculture Micronutrient Market 2016" report provides a basic overview of the Agriculture Micronutrient indu...
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Array tomography of physiologically-characterized CNS synapses
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Volume 268
Author(s): Ricardo A. Valenzuela, Kristina D. Micheva, Marianna Kiraly, Dong Li, Daniel V. Madison
BackgroundThe ability to correlate plastic changes in synaptic physiology with changes in synaptic anatomy has been very limited in the central nervous system because of shortcomings in existing methods for recording the activity of specific CNS synapses and then identifying and studying the same individual synapses on an anatomical level.New methodWe introduce here a novel approach that combines two existing methods: paired neuron electrophysiological recording and array tomography, allowing for the detailed molecular and anatomical study of synapses with known physiological properties.ResultsThe complete mapping of a neuronal pair allows determining the exact number of synapses in the pair and their location. We have found that the majority of close appositions between the presynaptic axon and the postsynaptic dendrite in the pair contain synaptic specializations. The average release probability of the synapses between the two neurons in the pair is low, below 0.2, consistent with previous studies of these connections. Other questions, such as receptor distribution within synapses, can be addressed more efficiently by identifying only a subset of synapses using targeted partial reconstructions. In addition, time sensitive events can be captured with fast chemical fixation.Comparison with existing methodsCompared to existing methods, the present approach is the only one that can provide detailed molecular and anatomical information of electrophysiologically-characterized individual synapses.ConclusionsThis method will allow for addressing specific questions about the properties of identified CNS synapses, even when they are buried within a cloud of millions of other brain circuit elements.
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Model of minor stroke with mild peri-infarct ischemic injury
Publication date: 1 August 2016
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Volume 268
Author(s): Ursula I. Tuor, Qinbo Deng, Dave Rushforth, Taduesz Foniok, Min Qiao
BackgroundTransient ischemic attack, minor stroke and stroke recurrence need improved treatment but lack animal models for research. The aim was to modify photothrombosis methods thereby producing both a minor stroke (with adjacent mild damage) or a minor recurrent stroke.New methodA minor stroke, as detected using magnetic resonance imaging and histology, was produced using a low intensity beam of white light with a bright centre, a low dose of Rose Bengal and a short 5min illumination of thinned skull. A recurrent minor stroke was produced by repeating the procedure two days later except the cortical mask was positioned 1.5mm posteriorly.ResultsThe minor photothrombosis procedure produced a small superficial infarct surrounded by a region of scattered necrosis detected histologically. Marked hyperintensities in diffusion weighted and T2 images identified the infarct. Peri-infarct regions with modest T2 increases corresponded to regions of scattered cell death. A recurrent minor photothrombosis produced additional damage in regions with overlapping mild injury.Comparison with existing methodsPrevious photothrombosis methods usually produce large cortical infarcts with little penumbra. The current method produces small infarcts with diffuse mild peri-infarct ischemic injury that can be diagnosed using T2 imaging.ConclusionsThe modified photothrombotic procedure will produce a minor stroke consisting of a small infarct in a region with marked diffusion and T2 hyperintensities and a peri-infarct region of selective necrosis with modest T2 changes. Minor recurrent stroke is readily produced but imaging is key for assessing size and location of each insult.
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The Effect of False Vocal Folds on Laryngeal Flow Resistance in a Tubular Three-dimensional Computational Laryngeal Model
Publication date: Available online 10 May 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Qian Xue, Xudong Zheng
ObjectiveThe current study used a three-dimensional (3D) computational laryngeal model to investigate the effect of false vocal folds (FVFs) on laryngeal flow resistance.MethodA 3D, tubular shaped computational laryngeal model was designed with a high level of realism with respect to the human laryngeal anatomy. Two cases, one with the FVFs and the other without the FVFs, were created in the numerical simulation to compare the laryngeal flow behaviors.Results and ConclusionThe results were discussed in a comparative manner with the previous two-dimensional (2D) computational model. On the one hand, the results demonstrated the similar mechanism as observed in the 2D model that the presence of the FVFs suppressed the deflection of the glottal jet and in doing so, reduced the mixing-related minor loss in the supraglottal region. On the other hand, the 3D flow was more stable and straighter, so the effect of FVFs on suppressing the jet deflection in the 3D model was not as prominent as in the 2D model. Furthermore, the presence of the FVFs also increased the friction-related major loss due to the increased velocity gradient in the restricted flow channel. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the final effect of the FVFs on flow resistance is the combined effect of the reduced mixing-related minor loss and increased friction-related major loss, both of which are highly related to the gap between the FVFs.
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Investigation of the Immediate Effects of Humming on Vocal Fold Vibration Irregularity Using Electroglottography and High-speed Laryngoscopy in Patients With Organic Voice Disorders
Publication date: Available online 10 May 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Carien Vlot, Makoto Ogawa, Kiyohito Hosokawa, Toshihiko Iwahashi, Chieri Kato, Hidenori Inohara
ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate whether humming can immediately improve the regularity of vocal fold vibration on electroglottography (EGG) and laryngeal high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) in patients with organic dysphonia (OD).MethodsIn a series of 49 dysphonic patients who were diagnosed to have benign mass lesions in the vocal folds and an equal number of non-dysphonic speakers, perturbation parameters were calculated on the acoustic (Ac) and EGG signals during natural and humming phonation. In addition, 11 OD patients and as many non-dysphonic speakers underwent simultaneous EGG and HSDI video recording under laryngofiberscopy while performing the two tasks. The perturbation parameters of the EGG signals as well as the glottal area waveforms (GAW), which were extracted from the HSDI movies, were calculated, and the correlations between both perturbation parameters were analyzed.ResultsHumming achieved significant improvements in the EGG perturbation parameters in both groups. More than half of the OD patients showed decreased EGG perturbation parameters to the level of those during natural phonation in the control group. With respect to the GAW analysis, moderate correlations were observed between both period and amplitude perturbation parameters (period: r = 0.63, amplitude: r = 0.41). Humming decreased both GAW perturbation parameters significantly in the OD and control subjects combined.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that in OD patients, humming has a potential to improve voice quality by stabilizing the vocal fold oscillation, and suggest that humming can remove the functional component in the vocal disturbance instead of the mechanical effect of the mass lesions.
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The Effect of False Vocal Folds on Laryngeal Flow Resistance in a Tubular Three-dimensional Computational Laryngeal Model
Publication date: Available online 10 May 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Qian Xue, Xudong Zheng
ObjectiveThe current study used a three-dimensional (3D) computational laryngeal model to investigate the effect of false vocal folds (FVFs) on laryngeal flow resistance.MethodA 3D, tubular shaped computational laryngeal model was designed with a high level of realism with respect to the human laryngeal anatomy. Two cases, one with the FVFs and the other without the FVFs, were created in the numerical simulation to compare the laryngeal flow behaviors.Results and ConclusionThe results were discussed in a comparative manner with the previous two-dimensional (2D) computational model. On the one hand, the results demonstrated the similar mechanism as observed in the 2D model that the presence of the FVFs suppressed the deflection of the glottal jet and in doing so, reduced the mixing-related minor loss in the supraglottal region. On the other hand, the 3D flow was more stable and straighter, so the effect of FVFs on suppressing the jet deflection in the 3D model was not as prominent as in the 2D model. Furthermore, the presence of the FVFs also increased the friction-related major loss due to the increased velocity gradient in the restricted flow channel. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the final effect of the FVFs on flow resistance is the combined effect of the reduced mixing-related minor loss and increased friction-related major loss, both of which are highly related to the gap between the FVFs.
from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1USvl5h
via IFTTT
Investigation of the Immediate Effects of Humming on Vocal Fold Vibration Irregularity Using Electroglottography and High-speed Laryngoscopy in Patients With Organic Voice Disorders
Publication date: Available online 10 May 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Carien Vlot, Makoto Ogawa, Kiyohito Hosokawa, Toshihiko Iwahashi, Chieri Kato, Hidenori Inohara
ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate whether humming can immediately improve the regularity of vocal fold vibration on electroglottography (EGG) and laryngeal high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) in patients with organic dysphonia (OD).MethodsIn a series of 49 dysphonic patients who were diagnosed to have benign mass lesions in the vocal folds and an equal number of non-dysphonic speakers, perturbation parameters were calculated on the acoustic (Ac) and EGG signals during natural and humming phonation. In addition, 11 OD patients and as many non-dysphonic speakers underwent simultaneous EGG and HSDI video recording under laryngofiberscopy while performing the two tasks. The perturbation parameters of the EGG signals as well as the glottal area waveforms (GAW), which were extracted from the HSDI movies, were calculated, and the correlations between both perturbation parameters were analyzed.ResultsHumming achieved significant improvements in the EGG perturbation parameters in both groups. More than half of the OD patients showed decreased EGG perturbation parameters to the level of those during natural phonation in the control group. With respect to the GAW analysis, moderate correlations were observed between both period and amplitude perturbation parameters (period: r = 0.63, amplitude: r = 0.41). Humming decreased both GAW perturbation parameters significantly in the OD and control subjects combined.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that in OD patients, humming has a potential to improve voice quality by stabilizing the vocal fold oscillation, and suggest that humming can remove the functional component in the vocal disturbance instead of the mechanical effect of the mass lesions.
from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1rVcpY0
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