This study investigates the impact of participative strategic planning on managers' creation of budgetary slack. Specifically, we draw on self-determination and organisational commitment theory to examine whether and how the degree of managerial participation in strategic planning relates to the creation of budgetary slack. The hypotheses are empirically tested with survey data obtained from 247 managers in a cross-section of West-European organisations. The results from a structural equation model, with controls for budget participation and slack detection, suggest that increased participation in strategic planning leads to lower budgetary slack creation through the suggested path of heightened affective organisational commitment. In addition, the results indicate that budget participation decreases the creation of budgetary slack through the mediating effect of autonomous budget motivation, suggesting that both elements of the organisational planning process are related to the creation of budgetary slack. Our study contributes to the growing research exploring the interface between accounting and strategy by recognizing the importance of participative strategic planning for understanding managers' creation of budgetary slack.
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Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τετάρτη 30 Μαρτίου 2016
The impact of participation in strategic planning on managers' creation of budgetary slack: the mediating role of autonomous motivation and affective organisational commitment
Myelin-reactive antibodies initiate T cell-mediated CNS autoimmune disease by opsonization of endogenous antigen
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders, antigen-specific B cells are implicated to act as potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), eliciting waves of inflammatory CNS infiltration. Here, we provide the first evidence that CNS-reactive antibodies (Ab) are similarly capable of initiating an encephalitogenic immune response by targeting endogenous CNS antigen to otherwise inert myeloid APC. In a transgenic mouse model, constitutive production of Ab against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was sufficient to promote spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the absence of B cells, when mice endogenously contained MOG-recognizing T cells. Adoptive transfer studies corroborated that anti-MOG Ab triggered activation and expansion of peripheral MOG-specific T cells in an Fc-dependent manner, subsequently causing EAE. To evaluate the underlying mechanism, anti-MOG Ab were added to a co-culture of myeloid APC and MOG-specific T cells. At otherwise undetected concentrations, anti-MOG Ab enabled Fc-mediated APC recognition of intact MOG; internalized, processed and presented MOG activated naïve T cells to differentiate in an encephalitogenic manner. In a series of translational experiments, anti-MOG Ab from two patients with an acute flare of CNS inflammation likewise facilitated detection of human MOG. Jointly, these observations highlight Ab-mediated opsonization of endogenous CNS auto-antigen as a novel disease- and/or relapse-triggering mechanism in CNS demyelinating disorders.
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Iodine-125-labeled DNA-Triplex-forming oligonucleotides reveal increased cyto- and genotoxic effectiveness compared to Phosphorus-32
10.3109/09553002.2016.1160157<br/>Volker Dahmen
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Efficacy of nasal corticosteroid in preventing regrowth after adenoidectomy
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2016
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Yavuz Selim Yildirim, Erol Senturk, Sabri Baki Eren, Remzi Dogan, Selahattin Tugrul, Orhan Ozturan
ObjectiveOne of the most frequent reasons of nasal obstruction and sleep apnea in pediatrics is adenoid hypertrophy. Remaining adenoid tissue can reoccur following hypertrophied adenoid removal and a second operation may be needed. Nasal corticosteroids are utilized in order to reduce adenoid hypertrophy and eliminate adenoidectomy operation. The purpose of our study is to assess the effect of nasal corticosteroid administration after adenoidectomy on adenoid regrowth and symptom scores.Material and methodSeventy patients who had adenoidectomy were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (35 patients) received Mometasone furoate (40mcg/day per nostril) intranasal spray for 6 months, starting at postoperative week 3 after wound healing. As for Group II (35 patients), they received intranasal saline spray. Patients were followed up for one year. Every patient had flexible nasal endoscopy at postoperative week 3 and one year after the operation. Choana was scored according to its occlusion level by the adenoid tissue. Additionally, nasal obstruction symptoms (nasal congestion, dry mouth, snoring, nasal speaking, apnea and night coughing) were scored.ResultsRemaining adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx was comparable in flexible endoscopic assessment and no significant difference was seen between postoperative week 3 nasal obstruction scores. In the flexible endoscopic assessment completed in the twelfth month of the study, significant reduction was found in Group 1 compared to Group 2 in terms of adenoid size. When patients in both groups were compared, statistically significant reduction was observed in nasal obstruction symptom scores at the twelfth month.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that the use of steroid nasal spray following adenoidectomy significantly prevents regrowth and reduces nasal obstruction symptoms in the early period.
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Radical and Atom Transfer Halogenation (RATH): A Facile Route for Chemical and Polymer Functionalization
This work demonstrates a new halogenation reaction through sequential radical and halogen transfer reactions, named as "radical and atom transfer halogenation" (RATH). Both benzoxazine compounds and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) have been demonstrated as active species for RATH. Consequently, the halogenated compound becomes an active initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization. Combination of RATH and sequential ATRP provides an convenient and effective approach to prepare reactive and crosslinkable polymers. The RATH reaction opens a new window both to chemical synthesis and molecular design and preparation of polymeric materials.
A new radical and atom transfer halogenation (RATH) has been explored, showing great ability to generate the active sites of atom transfer radical polymerization and provide a versatile and convenient approach to design and synthesis of reactive/crosslinkable linear polymers and graft copolymers.
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Initiator and Photocatalyst-Free Visible Light Induced One-Pot Reaction: Concurrent RAFT Polymerization and CuAAC Click Reaction
A new, visible light-catalyzed, one-pot and one-step reaction is successfully employed to design well-controlled side-chain functionalized polymers, by the combination of ambient temperature revisible addtion-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and click chemistry. Polymerizations are well controlled in a living way under the irradiation of visible light-emitting diode (LED) light without photocatalyst and initiator, using the trithiocarbonate agent as iniferter (initiator-transfer agent-terminator) agent at ambient temperature. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), NMR, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) data confirm the successful one-pot reaction. Compared to the reported zero-valent metal-catalyzed one-pot reaction, the polymerization rate is much faster than that of the click reaction, and the visible light-catalyzed one-pot reaction can be freely and easily regulated by turning on and off the light.
The visible light induced one-pot reaction is successfully achieved between a clickable monomer and a clickable agent under the irradiation of visible light in the presence of trithiocarbonate agent and CuBr2/ligand, which avoids the use of initiator and photocatalyst.
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Dendritic Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Pathogenic Players to Therapeutic Tools
System lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial systemic autoimmune disease with a wide variety of presenting features. SLE is believed to result from dysregulated immune responses, loss of tolerance of CD4 T cells and B cells to ubiquitous self-antigens, and the subsequent production of anti-nuclear and other autoreactive antibodies. Recent research has associated lupus development with changes in the dendritic cell (DC) compartment, including altered DC subset frequency and localization, overactivation of mDCs and pDCs, and functional defects in DCs. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of DC dysfunction in SLE pathogenesis, with the focus on DCs as targets for interventional therapies.
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Learning from the “Tsunami” of immune checkpoint inhibitors in 2015
Publication date: Available online 30 March 2016
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Hampig Raphael Kourie, Gil Awada, Ahmad Hussein Awada
2015 was marked by the tsunami of immune checkpoint inhibitors revealed by numerous FDA approvals, publications and abstracts in relation with these drugs in different cancers and settings. First, we reported all new indications of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 approved by the FDA, the positive clinical trials published and the abstracts with promising results at important scientific meetings during 2015. Then, we discussed different critical issues of these new agents going from their predictive factors, combination therapies, tumor response patterns, efficacy in particular settings, side effect management to cost and economic burden.
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KvLEA, a New Isolated Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein Gene from Kosteletzkya virginica Responding to Multiabiotic Stresses
The LEA proteins are a kind of hydrophilic proteins, playing main functions in desiccation tolerance. However, their importance as a kind of stress proteins in abiotic stress is being clarified little by little. In this study we isolated, cloned, and identified the first KvLEA gene in Kosteletzkya virginica. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the protein encoded by this gene had common properties of LEA proteins and the multiple sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis further showed that this protein had high homology with two Arabidopsis LEA proteins. Gene expression analysis revealed that this gene had a higher expression in root and it was induced obviously by salt stress. Moreover, the transcripts of KvLEA were also induced by other abiotic stresses including drought, high temperature, chilling, and ABA treatment. Among these abiotic stresses, ABA treatment brought about the biggest changes to this gene. Collectively, our research discovered a novel LEA gene and uncovered its involvement in multiabiotic stresses in K. virginica. This research not only enriched studies on LEA gene in plant but also would accelerate more studies on K. virginica in the future.
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Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction via Modulation of Mitochondrial Integrity by Bcl-2 Family Members and Caspase Dependence in Dracaena cinnabari-Treated H400 Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. is a red resin endemic to Socotra Island, Yemen. Although there have been several reports on its therapeutic properties, information on its cytotoxicity and anticancer effects is very limited. This study utilized a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to determine the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of D. cinnabari on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The cytotoxic effects of D. cinnabari crude extract were observed in a panel of OSCC cell lines and were most pronounced in H400. Only fractions DCc and DCd were active on H400 cells; subfractions DCc15 and DCd16 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against H400 cells and D. cinnabari inhibited cells proliferation in a time-dependent manner. This was achieved primarily via apoptosis where externalization of phospholipid phosphatidylserine was observed using DAPI/Annexin V fluorescence double staining mechanism studied through mitochondrial membrane potential assay cytochrome enzyme-linked immunosorbent and caspases activities revealed depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and significant activation of caspases 9 and 3/7, concomitant with S phase arrest. Apoptotic proteins array suggested that MMP was regulated by Bcl-2 proteins family as results demonstrated an upregulation of Bax, Bad, and Bid as well as downregulation of Bcl-2. Hence, D. cinnabari has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent.
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Urinary 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionic Acid, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, and 3-Hydroxyhippuric Acid Are Elevated in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of mental illnesses highly correlated with gut microbiota. Recent studies have shown that some abnormal aromatic metabolites in autism patients are presumably derived from overgrown Clostridium species in gut, which may be used for diagnostic purposes. In this paper, a GC/MS based metabolomic approach was utilized to seek similar biomarkers by analyzing the urinary information in 62 ASDs patients compared with 62 non-ASDs controls in China, aged 1.5–7. Three compounds identified as 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionic acid (HPHPA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3HPA), and 3-hydroxyhippuric acid (3HHA) were found in higher concentrations in autistic children than in the controls (). After oral vancomycin treatment, urinary excretion of HPHPA (), 3HPA (), and 3HHA () decreased markedly, which indicated that these compounds may also be from gut Clostridium species. The sensitivity and specificity of HPHPA, 3HPA, and 3HHA were evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The specificity of each compound for ASDs was very high (>96%). After two-regression analysis, the optimal area under the curve (AUC, 0.962), sensitivity (90.3%), and specificity (98.4%) were obtained by ROC curve of Prediction probability based on the three metabolites. These findings demonstrate that the measurements of the three compounds are strong predictors of ASDs and support the potential clinical utility for identifying a subgroup of ASDs subjects.
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Does Unilateral Oocyte Retrieval due to Transvaginally Inaccessible Ovaries, Contrary to Common Beliefs, Affect IVF/ICSI Treatment Outcomes That Much?
Objective. To investigate in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcomes of unilateral oocyte retrieval in patients with transvaginally inaccessible ovaries. Study Design. Ninety-two women who underwent unilateral oocyte retrieval were retrospectively matched for age, antral follicle count, and body mass index with 184 women who underwent bilateral oocyte retrieval. Each patient in bilateral oocyte retrieval group had the same number of cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) from single ovary and had comparable number of follicles (±2) on contralateral site where follicular aspiration was performed. Results. The number of COCs, metaphase-2 oocytes, 2-pronuclei, and top-quality embryos was significantly lower in unilateral oocyte retrieval group. However, proportion of patients with an embryo transfer of at least one top-quality embryo was found to be comparable between unilateral and bilateral oocyte retrieval. Subsequently, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were found to be similar between the groups. The ROC curve analysis revealed (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.86, ) that retrieved COCs ≥ 5 from single ovary had sensitivity of 76.0% and specificity of 64.2% for occurrence of a clinical pregnancy. Conclusion. The patients with unilateral oocyte retrieval have reasonable chance of success with IVF. The retrieval of ≥5 COCs from accessible ovary might result in better treatment outcomes among these patients.
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Stabilization of 11/9-Helical [small alpha]/[small beta]-Peptide Foldamers in Protic Solvents
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC01189F, Communication
[small alpha]/[small beta]-Peptides with alternating [small alpha]-amino acid and cis-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (cis-ACHC) residues adopts 11/9-helical conformations, of which folding propensity decreases as solvent polarity increases. We report a modifed cis-ACHC residue, cis-2-amino-cis-4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid,...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Open source non-invasive prenatal testing platform and its performance in a public health laboratory
Abstract
Objective
To introduce NIPT for fetal autosomal trisomies and gender in a Danish public health setting, using semi-conductor sequencing and published open source scripts for analysis.
Methods
Plasma derived DNA from a total of 375 pregnant women (divided into 3 datasets) was whole-genome sequenced on the Ion Proton™ platform and analyzed using a pipeline based on WISECONDOR for fetal autosomal aneuploidy detection and SeqFF for fetal DNA fraction estimation. We furthermore validated a fetal sex determination analysis.
Results
The pipeline correctly detected 27/27 trisomy 21, 4/4 trisomy 18 and 3/3 trisomy 13 fetuses. Neither false negatives nor false positives (chromosomes 13, 18 and 21) were observed in our validation dataset. Fetal sex was identified correctly in all but one triploid fetus (172/173). SeqFF showed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.72) to Y-chromosomal content of the male fetus samples.
Discussion
We have implemented NIPT into Danish health care using published open source scripts for autosomal aneuploidy detection and fetal DNA fraction estimation showing excellent false negative and false positive rates. SeqFF provides a good estimation of fetal DNA fraction. This coupled with an analysis of fetal sex provides a complete NIPT workflow, which may easily be adapted for implementation in other public health laboratories.
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Three-dimensional manometry of the upper esophageal sphincter in swallowing and nonswallowing tasks
The Laryngoscope
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An in-depth analysis of patient-reported outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with different anti-viral regimens
The American Journal of Gastroenterology
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Reasonable decision of anesthesia methods in patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal carcinoma: A retrospective analysis in a single Japanese institution
The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
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Iron intake, serum iron indices and risk of colorectal adenomas: a meta-analysis of observational studies
European Journal of Cancer Care
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Outcome of acute intestinal failure
British Journal of Surgery
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Randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 in irritable bowel syndrome: improvement in abdominal pain and bloating in those with predominant constipation
United European Gastroenterology Journal
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Hepatic oleate regulates liver stress response partially through PGC-1α during high-carbohydrate feeding
Journal of Hepatology
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Prospective study of glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of biliary tract cancer
The American Journal of Gastroenterology
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Mortality from laparoscopic antireflux surgery in a nationwide cohort of the working-age population
British Journal of Surgery
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Metabolic syndrome in relation to Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: Results from a large population-based case-control study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Cancer Epidemiology
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Estimating postoperative survival of gastric cancer patients and factors affecting it in Iran: Based on a TNM-7 Staging System
Acta Medica Iranica
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Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review
Current Rheumatology Reviews
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Treatment satisfaction, preferences and perception gaps between patients and physicians in the ulcerative colitis CARES study: A real world-based study
Digestive and Liver Diseases
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New treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV): Scope for preventing liver disease and HCV transmission in England
Journal of Viral Hepatitis
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Drug–resin drug interactions in patients with delayed gastric emptying: What is optimal time window for drug administration?
Neurogastroenterology & Motility
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An update on the management of hepatitis C virus-infected patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease while awaiting the revised KDIGO Guidelines
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
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Prevalence of celiac disease among the Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
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Outcomes of lung transplantation in recipients with hepatitis C virus infection
American Journal of Transplantation
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Preoperative serum -fetoprotein and prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
British Journal of Surgery
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Toxins, Vol. 8, Pages 95: ADAM10 Cell Surface Expression but Not Activity Is Critical for Staphylococcus aureus α-Hemolysin-Mediated Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Monocytes
The Staphylococcus aureus toxin, α-hemolysin, is an important and well-studied virulence factor in staphylococcal infection. It is a soluble monomeric protein that, once secreted by the bacterium, forms a heptameric pore in the membrane of a broad range of host cell types. Hemolysin was recently discovered to bind and activate a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). In epithelial and endothelial cells, ADAM10 activation is required for the toxin's activity against these cells. In host monocytic cells, α-hemolysin activates the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death. We now show that ADAM10 is critical for α-hemolysin-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes as siRNA knockdown or chemical blockade of ADAM10-α-hemolysin interaction leads to diminished inflammasome activation and cell death by reducing the available ADAM10 on the cell surface. Unlike epithelial cell and endothelial cell damage, which requires α-hemolysin induced ADAM10 activation, ADAM10 protease activity was not required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This work confirms the importance of ADAM10 in immune activation by α-hemolysin, but indicates that host cell signal induction by the toxin is different between host cell types.
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Sandra Bem’s Gender Schema Theory After 34 Years: A Review of its Reach and Impact
Abstract
One of Sandra Bem's important contributions was the development of gender schema theory (GST; Bem 1981a). Through an analysis of journal articles referencing GST, we explored the breadth of the theory's reach and the ways in which its use has changed over time. More specifically, we analyzed how often GST reached journals outside psychology as well as journals and research populations outside the United States, even though Bem was a U.S. psychologist whose empirical work was primarily with U.S. populations. We also assessed the range of research topics that have used a GST framework. We found that 34 years later, GST continues to be cited frequently, with a broad reach beyond U.S. psychology, particularly into international as well as communication and business journals. We found five primary novel uses of the theory: development, discrimination/stereotyping, occupations, historically marginalized populations, and mental health and trauma. We conclude that GST has been a generative theory. For the future, we recommend that GST be used to frame the study of intersectionality, for research-based activism, and as part of a project of theory-bridging.
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Chronic exposure to Bisphenol A affects uterine function during early pregnancy in mice
Endocrinology, Early Release.
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De novo-synthesized retinoic acid in ovarian antral follicles enhances FSH-mediated ovarian follicular cell differentiation and female fertility
Endocrinology, Early Release.
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The effects of Bisphenol A exposure at different developmental time points in an androgen-sensitive neuromuscular system in male rats
Endocrinology, Early Release.
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High-level expression of periostin is significantly correlated with tumour angiogenesis and poor prognosis in osteosarcoma
Summary
Periostin (PN), originally named as osteoblast-specific factor-2 (OSF-2), has been involved in regulating adhesion and differentiation of osteoblasts. Recently many studies have shown that high-level expression of PN is correlated significantly with tumour angiogenesis and prognosis in many kinds of human cancer. However, whether and how periostin expression influences prognosis in osteosarcoma remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the expression of PN in patients with osteosarcoma and explore the relationship of PN expression with clinicopathologic factors, tumour angiogenesis and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of PN in osteosarcoma and osteochondroma respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 were also examined in tissues from the osteosarcoma patients mentioned above. The results showed that PN expression was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in osteosarcoma (80.9%) than in osteochondroma (14.7%). Increased PN protein expression was associated with histological subtype (P = 0.000), Enneking stage (P = 0.027) and tumour size (P = 0.009). The result also showed that high expression of PN correlated with VEGF expression (r = 0.285; P = 0.019) and that tumours with PN-positive expression significantly had higher microvessal density (44.6 ± 13.7 vs. 20.6 ± 6.5; P = 0.000) compared to those in normal bone tissues. Additionally, the expression of PN was found to be an independent prognostic factor in osteosarcoma patients. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PN may have an important role in tumour progression and may be used as a prognostic biomarker for patients with osteosarcoma.
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Prevalence of malnutrition and proportion of anaemia among the malnourished children aged 1-5 years in a rural tertiary care centre, South India
2016-03-30T01-12-18Z
Source: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Shibily Ruhman M., Sharanabasappa S. Dhanwadkar, Geethu Sukumarapilla.
Background: PEM is a disease of multiple deprivations and poverty, affecting nearly 150 million children under the age of five years in the world. Out of the 120 million children in India, over 75 million are estimated to suffer from visible PEM, which is indeed a matter of great concern. Numerous studies have been conducted time to time to know the prevalence of malnutrition, in order to target the at risk population so that effective intervention programmes can be implemented. To fight against malnutrition and PEM, we have to identify the malnourished so as to develop a target based intervention. For that, anthropometry provides the single most portable, universally applicable, inexpensive and non-invasive technique for assessing the size, proportions and composition of the human body. Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 400 children aged 1-5 years who attended OPD, based on systematic random selection. Socio economic profile of the subjects and anthropometric values were taken by trained staff and the measured values were compared with WHO reference values and classified as underweight, stunted, thin or having wasting as per different classifications. The data was analyzed using the statistical software, SPSS version 20. Results: Among the 400 children, 31% of the children were identified as underweight by IAP classification. As per weight for height criteria, using the z score system as per WHO criteria 27% of children were identified as having wasting. Conclusions: This study identifies that conventional IAP classification label more children as malnourished when compared with the classification based on wasting. The conventional use of underweight (low weight for age) instead of z score as the sole criterion for identifying undernourished children may underestimate the true incidence of severe Under nutrition in a community, so further research has to be done in to sort out the appropriate reference system for Indian population.
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Substance abuse among male adolescents in northern India
2016-03-30T01-12-18Z
Source: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Faizur Rahman, V.N. Tripathi.
Background: The rising burden of substance abuse among adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of substance abuse among adolescents in Kanpur. Methods: This community based, cross-sectional study was conducted in among 539 male adolescents in the age group 10-18 years using simple random sampling. A pre-tested and pre-designed schedule was used to collect the relevant information after taking informed consent. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Substance abuse was found among 15.02% male adolescents. Smoking was prevalent among 10.95%, alcohol was used by 3.34% and other drugs were used by 0.75% male adolescents. There was an increase in prevalence of substance abuse with the increase in age. Conclusions: It is important to strengthen health education on substance abuse among the adolescents age group through mass media and school health programs.
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International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grading of Prostate Cancer.
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TCAD methodology for simulation of GaN-HEMT power devices
Gallium nitride (GaN) based High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) are candidates for the next generation of power electronic devices and are therefore subject of intense research activities worldwide. Technology CAD (TCAD) has proven a major impact on the optimization of silicon based device technologies. It is a logical follow up to provide accurate simulation tools, methods and models for GaN-based device technologies that are benchmarked against hardware data. This work presents a systematic investigation of GaN-HEMTs by TCAD, including process emulation, in plane and full stress simulation, and drift-diffusion device simulation.
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Worldwide policies on haemochromatosis and blood donation: a survey among blood services
Background and Objectives: Haemochromatosis (HC) is a disorder of iron metabolism, requiring frequent phlebotomy to normalize high serum iron levels. There is currently no consensus relating to the eligibility of these patients to donate blood for transfusion. To gain a better understanding of the policies worldwide, a survey amongst blood services was performed. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire was developed and distributed among 44 blood services in 41 countries to identify the different policies relating to patients with HC and blood donation. Results: Respondents from 35 blood services (80%) of 33 countries completed the questionnaire. In 24 blood services among them (69%), individuals with genetic susceptibility for HC and/or patients with HC are accepted as blood donors. In approximately one-third of these blood centres (33%), genetic carriers/patients are allowed to donate blood more frequently than regular donors. Prescription from/approval by the patient's treating physician and/or a donor physician is required in the majority of the blood services (87%). Similar policies were identified in a few countries; however, in general, the policies regarding blood donation from patients with HC remain widely variable. Conclusion: The results of our survey demonstrate large differences in the blood donation policies regarding carriers/patients with HC illustrating the need for uniform evidence-based and cost-effective policies which could benefit both HC patients and the blood supply around the world.
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Quantitative in vivo microdialysis study on the influence of multidrug transporters on the blood-brain barrier passage of oxcarbazepine: concomitant use of hippocampal monoamines as pharmacodynamic markers for the anticonvulsant activity
Various antiepileptic drugs were shown to be substrates for multidrug transporters at the level of the blood-brain barrier. These ATP-dependent efflux pumps actively limit brain accumulation of xenobiotics and drugs. Intrahippocampal oxcarbazepine perfusion in rat was previously shown to exert anticonvulsant effects associated with increases in extracellular dopamine and serotonin levels. In contrast, preliminary studies in our laboratory revealed that no anticonvulsant or monoaminergic effects could be obtained after systemic oxcarbazepine administration. The present in vivo microdialysis study was conducted to investigate the impact of the transport kinetics of oxcarbazepine across the blood-brain barrier on the observed treatment refractoriness. More precisely, the influence of intra-hippocampal perfusion of verapamil, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, and probenecid, a multidrug resistance protein inhibitor, on the blood-brain barrier passage and anticonvulsant properties of oxcarbazepine were investigated in the focal pilocarpine model for limbic seizures. Simultaneously, the effects on hippocampal monoamines were studied as pharmacodynamic markers for the anticonvulsant activity. Although systemic oxcarbazepine administration alone failed in preventing the animals from developing seizures, coadministration with verapamil or probenecid offered complete protection. Concomitantly, significant increases in extracellular hippocampal dopamine and serotonin levels were observed within our previously defined anticonvulsant monoamine range. The present data indicate that oxcarbazepine is a substrate for multidrug transporters at the blood-brain barrier. Coadministration with multidrug transporter inhibitors significantly potentiates the anticonvulsant activity of oxcarbazepine and offers opportunities for treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
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An unconventional mechanism of hollow nanorod formation: asymmetric Cu diffusion in Au-Cu alloy nanorods during galvanic replacement reaction
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC00752J, Communication
Au-Cu alloy nanorods are used as templates in a galvanic replacement reaction to form hollow nanorods through an unconventional mechanism involving the asymmetric diffusion of Cu.
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One-pot synthesis of mesoporous silica hollow spheres with Mn-N-C integrated into the framework for ethylbenzene oxidation
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC00907G, Communication
Mesoporous silica spheres with Mn-N-C materials integrated into the framework are synthesized via the surfactant (CTAB) template-assisted one-pot approach.
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