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Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Παρασκευή 29 Ιουλίου 2016
IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 1226: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Expression Is Inversely Associated with Macroscopic Vascular Invasion in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 1230: Is Upregulation of Aquaporin 4-M1 Isoform Responsible for the Loss of Typical Orthogonal Arrays of Particles in Astrocytomas?
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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 1221: Synthesis, Crystal Study, and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Some 2-Benzimidazolylthioacetophenones towards Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-468 Cells as Apoptosis-Inducing Agents
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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 1205: Effects of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Microbial Populations: Changes in Community Structure and Metabolic Activity in Contaminated Environments
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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 1233: Correction: Yan Chen, et al. Dual Agent Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Enhanced Antitumor Activity in a Multidrug-Resistant Breast Tumor Eenograft Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 2761–2772.
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Incidental radiographic findings of thyroglossal duct cysts: Prevalence and management
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 89
Author(s): Michael T. Yim, Huy D. Tran, Binoy M. Chandy
Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the epidemiology of incidental thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) discovered on imaging studies obtained in the head and neck area in children and to discuss subsequent management.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed at Texas Children's Hospital of all computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies obtained in the head and neck region between July 2011 and July 2014. Images obtained for the purpose of evaluating a neck or lingual mass were excluded from the study, as were patients with previously known TGDCs. Data including age, sex, location of TGDC, size, presence of symptoms, referral to Otolaryngology, and intervention were recorded.ResultsA total of 60,663 CT and MR studies of the head, brain, sinus, neck, and C-spine during this time period were reviewed; of these 69 (0.1%) cases contained incidental discovery of probable TGDCs with more males (40) than females (29). Ages ranged from 3 days to 17 years old, with the mean age at 5 years. Locations varied, with majority at base of tongue (83%) followed by hyoid (13%) then infrahyoid straps (4%). Sizes ranged from 2 to 28 mm with average size at 8 mm. 11 of these patients were referred to an Otolaryngologist; 9 were asymptomatic and decision was made to observe, the other two subsequently underwent surgical excision secondary to mass effect and dysphagia with histologic confirmation of diagnosis.ConclusionTGDCs commonly present as an anterior neck mass, however the majority of incidentally discovered TGDCs on imaging are located at the base of tongue. Management of these findings should include referral to an Otolaryngologist for further evaluation with the decision to intervene surgically based on development of clinical symptoms.
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Reliability, validity and normative data of the Italian version of the Bus Story test
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 89
Author(s): F. Mozzanica, R. Salvadorini, E. Sai, R. Pozzoli, P. Maruzzi, L. Scarponi, M.R. Barillari, E. Spada, F. Ambrogi, A. Schindler
ObjectivesEvaluation of the reliability and the validity of the Italian version of the Bus Story Test (I-BST), providing normative data in Italian children.MethodsA total of 552 normally developing children (278 males and 274 females) aged 3; 6 to 9; 0 years, were enrolled. Test-retest, intra- and inter-rater reliability were analysed on a sample of respectively 145, 178 and 178 children. Normative data were gathered from all the enrolled children and estimate centiles according to the CG-LMS method provided. The children were divided into 11 age classes of six months each; percentile scores and standard error measurement were analysed in children from age class 4; 0-4; 5 years to age class 8; 6-811 years. Age effects on I-BST were analysed.ResultsResults showed high test-retest, intra- and inter-rater reliability scores. A significant age effect on I-BST scores emerged from the ANOVA test analysis; in particular, as age increases, so do I-BST scores.ConclusionThe I-BST is a reliable and valid tool. The availability of normative data for Italian speaking children may help clinicians during clinical assessment.
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Parental perceptions and understanding of information provision, management options and factors influencing the decision-making process in the treatment of children with glue ear
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 89
Author(s): Vasileios Gkiousias, Christopher Collett Butler, Victoria Shepherd, James Michael Kilgour, Cherry-Ann Waldron, Emma Thomas-Jones, Nick Francis
ObjectivesOtitis media with effusion (OME) is a common cause of hearing loss and possible developmental delay in children, and there are a range of 'preference sensitive' treatment options. We aimed to evaluate the attitudes and beliefs of parents of affected children to treatment options including watchful-waiting, hearing aids, grommets, and, oral steroids with the intention of developing our understanding of decision-making and the factors influencing it, sources of parental information, and satisfaction with information provision.DesignWe recruited a convenience sample of twelve parents of eleven children with OME at a single ENT department of a teaching hospital into a qualitative research study. The children of the parents interviewed had already been recruited into the Oral Steroids for the Resolution of Otitis Media with effusion In Children (OSTRICH) study. Semi structured interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and then coded using an inductive, thematic approach.ResultsParents were satisfied with the verbal provision of information during the treatment consultation, although many were keen to receive supplementary printed information. Discussion with family and friends helped the decision-making process, whereas insufficient information and a paternalistic approach were viewed as obstacles. Parents were particularly influenced by the following: the immediacy of the treatment option effect, perceived efficacy, perceived risks and adverse effects, social implications (especially with hearing aids) and past personal and informant experience.ConclusionsParents appreciate clinicians tailoring information provision to parents' information needs and preferred format. Clinicians should also elicit parental attitudes towards the different management options for OME and the factors influencing their decisions, in order to optimise shared-decision making and ultimately provide a better standard of clinical care.
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Evaluation of three analysis methods for 99mTc MDP SPECT scintigraphy in the diagnosis of unilateral condylar hyperplasia
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): H. Rushinek, R. Tabib, Y. Fleissig, M. Klein, S. Tshori
The aims of the study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and utility of the mean region of interest (ROI) and mean and maximum volume of interest (VOI) analysis methods for 99mTc MDP SPECT scintigraphy in the diagnosis of active unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH). Inactive UCH (n=43) and active UCH (n=8) patients, and patients without condylar hyperplasia (controls, n=41) were analyzed. Inter-observer agreement was good for all methods. Condylar uptake was not normally distributed, with a longer right tail in UCH patients compared to control patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the ROI method was slightly superior to both VOI methods for the diagnosis of active UCH (area under the curve=0.866, 0.811, and 0.817, and J=0.642, 0.596, and 0.573, respectively). The 'traditional' 55% cut-off value proved optimal for ROI and mean VOI methods, but a cut-off of 56.125% was optimal for maximum VOI. Sensitivity was 88% for all three methods using these cut-off values, while specificity was 77%, 65%, and 70% for mean ROI, mean VOI, and maximum VOI, respectively. These results indicate that corrective surgery for negative scan patients can be performed without delay, with an error rate of only 3%, but not in positive scan patients.
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Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Rick M. Maizels, Henry J. McSorley
Helminth parasite infections are associated with a battery of immunomodulatory mechanisms, which impact all facets of the host immune response to ensure their persistence within the host. This broad-spectrum modulation of host immunity has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous. Thus the host may benefit from suppression of collateral damage during parasite infection, and from reduced allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory reactions. However, helminth infection can also be detrimental in reducing vaccine responses, increasing susceptibility to co-infection, and potentially reducing tumor immunosurveillance. In this review we will summarize the panoply of immunomodulatory mechanisms used by helminths, their potential utility in human disease, and prospective areas of future research.
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Timely follow-up of a GATA2 deficiency patient allows successful treatment
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Sara Ciullini Mannurita, Marina Vignoli, Gloria Colarusso, Fabio Tucci, Marinella Veltroni, Stefano Frenos, Veronica Tintori, Maurizio Aricò, Venetia Bigley, Matthew Collin, Claudio Favre, Eleonora Gambineri
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Defective NK cell activity in a mouse model of eczema herpeticum
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2016
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Yuko Kawakami, Tomoaki Ando, Jong-Rok Lee, Gisen Kim, Yu Kawakami, Tae Nakasaki, Manando Nakasaki, Kenji Matsumoto, Youn Soo Choi, Toshiaki Kawakami
BackgroundPatients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are susceptible to several viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV). Some patients develop one or more episodes of a severe skin infection by HSV, termed eczema herpeticum (EH). There are numerous mouse models of AD, but no established model exists for EH.ObjectiveWe sought to establish and characterize a mouse model of EH.MethodsWe infected AD-like skin lesions with HSV1 to induce severe skin lesions in a dermatitis-prone mouse strain of NC/Nga. Gene expression was investigated by microarray and quantitative PCR; antibody titers were measured by ELISA; natural killer (NK) cell, cytotoxic T cell, regulatory T cell and follicular helper T cell populations were evaluated by flow cytometry. The role of NK cells in HSV1-induced development of severe skin lesions was examined by depletion and adoptive transfer.ResultsInoculation of HSV1 induced severe erosive skin lesions in eczematous mice, which had impaired skin barrier, but milder lesions in small numbers of normal mice. Eczematous mice exhibited lower NK cell activity, but similar cytotoxic T cell activity and humoral immune responses, compared with normal mice. The role of NK cells in controlling HSV1-induced skin lesions was demonstrated by experiments depleting or transferring NK cells.ConclusionA murine model of EH with impaired skin barrier was established in this study. We demonstrated a critical role of defective NK activities in the development of HSV1-induced severe skin lesions in eczematous mice.
Graphical abstract
Teaser
A newly established mouse model of eczema herpeticum suggests impaired skin barrier as an underlying factor for virus susceptibility. In this model, defective NK activities, which are known in patients with atopic dermatitis, contribute to HSV1-induced severe skin lesions in eczematous mice.from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a4RIVD
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Salt-Inducible Kinase 2 Couples Ovarian Cancer Cell Metabolism with Survival at the Adipocyte-Rich Metastatic Niche
Publication date: Available online 28 July 2016
Source:Cancer Cell
Author(s): Fabrizio Miranda, David Mannion, Shujuan Liu, Yiyan Zheng, Lingegowda S. Mangala, Clara Redondo, Sandra Herrero-Gonzalez, Ruoyan Xu, Charlotte Taylor, Donatien Fotso Chedom, Mohammad Karaminejadranjbar, Ashwag Albukhari, Dahai Jiang, Sunila Pradeep, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Eidarus Salah, Kamal R. Abdul Azeez, Jonathan M. Elkins, Leticia Campo, Kevin A. Myers, Daniel Klotz, Serena Bivona, Sunanda Dhar, Robert C. Bast, Hideyuki Saya, Hwan Geun Choi, Nathanael S. Gray, Roman Fischer, Benedikt M. Kessler, Christopher Yau, Anil K. Sood, Takeshi Motohara, Stefan Knapp, Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
The adipocyte-rich microenvironment forms a niche for ovarian cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms driving this process are incompletely understood. Here we show that salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is overexpressed in adipocyte-rich metastatic deposits compared with ovarian primary lesions. Overexpression of SIK2 in ovarian cancer cells promotes abdominal metastasis while SIK2 depletion prevents metastasis in vivo. Importantly, adipocytes induce calcium-dependent activation and autophosphorylation of SIK2. Activated SIK2 plays a dual role in augmenting AMPK-induced phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and in activating the PI3K/AKT pathway through p85α-S154 phosphorylation. These findings identify SIK2 at the apex of the adipocyte-induced signaling cascades in cancer cells and make a compelling case for targeting SIK2 for therapy in ovarian cancer.
Graphical abstract
Teaser
Miranda et al. show that in serous ovarian cancer SIK2 is overexpressed in adipocyte-rich metastatic deposits compared with primary lesions. Adipocytes induce calcium-dependent activation and autophosphorylation of SIK2, which drives tumor cell survival and metabolism. SIK2 depletion prevents metastasis in vivo.from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2amX6PS
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Dual Role of the Adaptive Immune System in Liver Injury and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development
Publication date: Available online 28 July 2016
Source:Cancer Cell
Author(s): Jessica Endig, Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina, Silke Marhenke, Florian Reisinger, Anna Saborowski, Jutta Schütt, Florian Limbourg, Christian Könecke, Alina Schreder, Alina Michael, Ana Clara Misslitz, Marc Eammonn Healy, Robert Geffers, Thomas Clavel, Dirk Haller, Kristian Unger, Milton Finegold, Achim Weber, Michael P. Manns, Thomas Longerich, Mathias Heikenwälder, Arndt Vogel
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a classic example of inflammation-linked cancer. To characterize the role of the immune system in hepatic injury and tumor development, we comparatively studied the extent of liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis in immunocompromised versus immunocompetent Fah-deficient mice. Strikingly, chronic liver injury and tumor development were markedly suppressed in alymphoid Fah−/− mice despite an overall increased mortality. Mechanistically, we show that CD8+ T cells and lymphotoxin β are central mediators of HCC formation. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD8+ T cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of the lymphotoxin-β receptor markedly delays tumor development in mice with chronic liver injury. Thus, our study unveils distinct functions of the immune system, which are required for liver regeneration, survival, and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Teaser
Endig et al. show that T lymphocytes play dual roles in hepatic injury and tumor development, both being suppressed in alymphoid Fah−/− mice despite increase in overall mortality. Depletion of CD8+ T cells or inhibiting the lymphotoxin-β receptor delays tumors development in mice with chronic liver damage.from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2amWVnL
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High-throughput Phenotyping of Lung Cancer Somatic Mutations
Publication date: Available online 28 July 2016
Source:Cancer Cell
Author(s): Alice H. Berger, Angela N. Brooks, Xiaoyun Wu, Yashaswi Shrestha, Candace Chouinard, Federica Piccioni, Mukta Bagul, Atanas Kamburov, Marcin Imielinski, Larson Hogstrom, Cong Zhu, Xiaoping Yang, Sasha Pantel, Ryo Sakai, Jacqueline Watson, Nathan Kaplan, Joshua D. Campbell, Shantanu Singh, David E. Root, Rajiv Narayan, Ted Natoli, David L. Lahr, Itay Tirosh, Pablo Tamayo, Gad Getz, Bang Wong, John Doench, Aravind Subramanian, Todd R. Golub, Matthew Meyerson, Jesse S. Boehm
Recent genome sequencing efforts have identified millions of somatic mutations in cancer. However, the functional impact of most variants is poorly understood. Here we characterize 194 somatic mutations identified in primary lung adenocarcinomas. We present an expression-based variant-impact phenotyping (eVIP) method that uses gene expression changes to distinguish impactful from neutral somatic mutations. eVIP identified 69% of mutations analyzed as impactful and 31% as functionally neutral. A subset of the impactful mutations induces xenograft tumor formation in mice and/or confers resistance to cellular EGFR inhibition. Among these impactful variants are rare somatic, clinically actionable variants including EGFR S645C, ARAF S214C and S214F, ERBB2 S418T, and multiple BRAF variants, demonstrating that rare mutations can be functionally important in cancer.
Graphical abstract
Teaser
Berger et al. develop an expression-based variant-impact phenotyping method to distinguish impactful from neutral somatic mutations. The method identified rare gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes and widespread inactivation of tumor suppressors by missense variation. Variants of ARAF, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, and RIT1 are shown to be oncogenic and to induce MEK-dependent resistance to EGFR inhibition.from #MedicinebyAlexandrosSfakianakis via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2azXsWx
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The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of sIL-2R as an Immune Biomarker in Head and Neck Cancers.
| Related Articles |
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of sIL-2R as an Immune Biomarker in Head and Neck Cancers.
Anticancer Res. 2016 Aug;36(8):4347-52
Authors: Gross M, Meirovich A, Rachmut J, Kalichman I, Peretz T, Eliashar R, Barak V
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are usually diagnosed with advanced disease and multimodality therapies are required, as well as prognostic biomarkers to predict their response and assess survival. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability and clinical significance of the immune biomarker sIL-2R in HNC patients, to assess therapy response and prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 328 blood samples from 145 head and neck cancer patients (HNC) from several subgroups: 84 larynx carcinomas pre- and 39 post-therapy, 46 oral cavity carcinomas pre- and 29 post-therapy, 12 nasopharynx carcinomas, 16 parotid and other salivary gland carcinoma patients. The control group included 45 healthy subjects. Serum sIL-2R levels were evaluated by ELISA assays and correlated to disease stage, lymph nodes, response to therapy, survival and cancer differentiation.
RESULTS: Significantly higher sIL-2R levels were recorded in all HNC patients, as opposed to controls, in advanced versus early-stage disease that decreased following therapy. sIL-2R distinguished best, in comparison to other tumor markers, between HNC patients and controls. Survival was strongly associated to lower sIL-2R levels in patients entering the study.
CONCLUSION: sIL-2R is a sensitive immune marker for HNC patients. Its levels correlate to disease stage, assess response to therapy and are predictive of recurrence or better survival. We suggest, therefore, using sIL-2R as a reliable prognostic marker in HNC patients as a single marker, or in a combined panel of biomarkers.
PMID: 27466555 [PubMed - in process]
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Regression model analysis of the decreasing trend of cesium-137 concentration in the atmosphere since the Fukushima accident
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 164
Author(s): Kyo Kitayama, Kenji Ohse, Nagayoshi Shima, Kencho Kawatsu, Hirofumi Tsukada
The decreasing trend of the atmospheric 137Cs concentration in two cities in Fukushima prefecture was analyzed by a regression model to clarify the relation between the parameter of the decrease in the model and the trend and to compare the trend with that after the Chernobyl accident. The 137Cs particle concentration measurements were conducted in urban Fukushima and rural Date sites from September 2012 to June 2015. The 137Cs particle concentrations were separated in two groups: particles of more than 1.1 μm aerodynamic diameters (coarse particles) and particles with aerodynamic diameter lower than 1.1 μm (fine particles). The averages of the measured concentrations were 0.1 mBq m−3 in Fukushima and Date sites. The measured concentrations were applied in the regression model which decomposed them into two components: trend and seasonal variation. The trend concentration included the parameters for the constant and the exponential decrease. The parameter for the constant was slightly different between the Fukushima and Date sites. The parameter for the exponential decrease was similar for all the cases, and much higher than the value of the physical radioactive decay except for the concentration in the fine particles at the Date site. The annual decreasing rates of the 137Cs concentration evaluated by the trend concentration ranged from 44 to 53% y−1 with average and standard deviation of 49 ± 8% y−1 for all the cases in 2013. In the other years, the decreasing rates also varied slightly for all cases. These indicated that the decreasing trend of the 137Cs concentration was nearly unchanged for the location and ground contamination level in the three years after the accident. The 137Cs activity per aerosol particle mass also decreased with the same trend as the 137Cs concentration in the atmosphere. The results indicated that the decreasing trend of the atmospheric 137Cs concentration was related with the reduction of the 137Cs concentration in resuspended particles.
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Characterisation of Exposure to Ultrafine Particles from Surgical Smoke by Use of a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer
Introduction:
Electrosurgery is a method based on a high frequency current used to cut tissue and coagulate small blood vessels during surgery. Surgical smoke is generated due to the heat created by electrosurgery. The carcinogenic potential of this smoke was assumed already in the 1980's and there has been a growing interest in the potential adverse health effects of exposure to the particles in surgical smoke. Surgical smoke is known to contain ultrafine particles (UFPs) but the knowledge about the exposure to UFPs produced by electrosurgery is however sparse. The aims of the study were therefore to characterise the exposure to UFPs in surgical smoke during different types of surgical procedures and on different job groups in the operating room, and to characterise the particle size distribution.
Methods:Personal exposure measurements were performed on main surgeon, assistant surgeon, surgical nurse, and anaesthetic nurse during five different surgical procedures [nephrectomy, breast reduction surgery, abdominoplasty, hip replacement surgery, and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)]. The measurements were performed with a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) to assess the exposure to UPFs and to characterize the particle size distribution. Possible predictors of exposure were investigated using Linear Mixed Effect Models.
Results:The exposure to UFPs was highest during abdominoplasty arithmetic mean (AM) 3900 particles cm–3 and lowest during hip replacement surgeries AM 400 particles cm–3. The different job groups had similar exposure during the same types of surgical procedures. The use of electrosurgery resulted in short term high peak exposure (highest maximum peak value 272 000 particles cm–3) to mainly UFPs. The size distribution of particles varied between the different types of surgical procedures, where nephrectomy, hip replacement surgery, and TURP produced UFPs with a dominating mode of 9nm while breast reduction surgery and abdominoplasty produced UFPs with a dominating mode of 70 and 81nm, respectively. Type of surgery was the strongest predictor of exposure. When only including breast reduction surgery in the analysis, the use of one or two ES pencils during surgery was a significant predictor of exposure. When only including hip replacement surgery, the operating room was a significant predictor of exposure.
Conclusion:The use of electrosurgery resulted in short-term high peak exposures to mainly UFPs in surgical smoke. Type of surgery was the strongest predictor of exposure and the different types of surgical procedures produced different sized particles. The job groups had similar exposure. Compared to other occupational exposures to UFPs involving hot processes, the personal exposure levels for UFPs were low during the use of electrosurgery.
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Occupational Exposure to Bioaerosols in Norwegian Crab Processing Plants
Introduction:
Aerosolization of components when processing king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and edible crab (Cancer pagurus) may cause occupational health problems when inhaled by workers.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in three king crab plants and one edible crab plant. Personal exposure measurements were performed throughout work shifts. Air was collected for measurement of tropomyosin, total protein, endotoxin, trypsin, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase). T-tests and ANOVAs were used to compare the levels of exposure in the different plants and areas in the plants.
Results:Total protein and tropomyosin levels were highest in the edible crab plant, endotoxin levels were highest in king crab plants. King crab exposure levels were highest during raw processing. Tropomyosin levels were highest during raw king crab processing with geometric mean (GM) 9.6 versus 2.5ng m–3 during cooked processing. Conversely, edible crab tropomyosin levels were highest during cooked processing with GM 45.4 versus 8.7ng m–3 during raw processing. Endotoxin levels were higher in king crab plants than in the edible crab plant with GM = 6285.5 endotoxin units (EU) m–3 versus 72 EU m–3. In the edible crab plant, NAGase levels were highest during raw processing with GM = 853 pmol4-methylumbelliferone (MU) m–3 versus 422 pmol4-MU m–3 during cooked processing. Trypsin activity was found in both king crab and edible crab plants and levels were higher in raw than cooked processing. Differences in exposure levels between plants and worker groups (raw and cooked processing) were identified.
Conclusions:Norwegian crab processing workers are exposed to airborne proteins, tropomyosin, endotoxins, trypsin, and NAGase in their breathing zone. Levels vary between worker groups and factories.
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SYN-JEM: A Quantitative Job-Exposure Matrix for Five Lung Carcinogens
Objective:
The use of measurement data in occupational exposure assessment allows more quantitative analyses of possible exposure–response relations. We describe a quantitative exposure assessment approach for five lung carcinogens (i.e. asbestos, chromium-VI, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (by its proxy benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)) and respirable crystalline silica). A quantitative job-exposure matrix (JEM) was developed based on statistical modeling of large quantities of personal measurements.
Methods:Empirical linear models were developed using personal occupational exposure measurements (n = 102306) from Europe and Canada, as well as auxiliary information like job (industry), year of sampling, region, an a priori exposure rating of each job (none, low, and high exposed), sampling and analytical methods, and sampling duration. The model outcomes were used to create a JEM with a quantitative estimate of the level of exposure by job, year, and region.
Results:Decreasing time trends were observed for all agents between the 1970s and 2009, ranging from –1.2% per year for personal BaP and nickel exposures to –10.7% for asbestos (in the time period before an asbestos ban was implemented). Regional differences in exposure concentrations (adjusted for measured jobs, years of measurement, and sampling method and duration) varied by agent, ranging from a factor 3.3 for chromium-VI up to a factor 10.5 for asbestos.
Conclusion:We estimated time-, job-, and region-specific exposure levels for four (asbestos, chromium-VI, nickel, and RCS) out of five considered lung carcinogens. Through statistical modeling of large amounts of personal occupational exposure measurement data we were able to derive a quantitative JEM to be used in community-based studies.
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Evaluation of Automatically Assigned Job-Specific Interview Modules
Objective:
In community-based epidemiological studies, job- and industry-specific 'modules' are often used to systematically obtain details about the subject's work tasks. The module assignment is often made by the interviewer, who may have insufficient occupational hygiene knowledge to assign the correct module. We evaluated, in the context of a case–control study of lymphoid neoplasms in Asia ('AsiaLymph'), the performance of an algorithm that provided automatic, real-time module assignment during a computer-assisted personal interview.
Methods:AsiaLymph's occupational component began with a lifetime occupational history questionnaire with free-text responses and three solvent exposure screening questions. To assign each job to one of 23 study-specific modules, an algorithm automatically searched the free-text responses to the questions 'job title' and 'product made or services provided by employer' using a list of module-specific keywords, comprising over 5800 keywords in English, Traditional and Simplified Chinese. Hierarchical decision rules were used when the keyword match triggered multiple modules. If no keyword match was identified, a generic solvent module was assigned if the subject responded 'yes' to any of the three solvent screening questions. If these question responses were all 'no', a work location module was assigned, which redirected the subject to the farming, teaching, health professional, solvent, or industry solvent modules or ended the questions for that job, depending on the location response. We conducted a reliability assessment that compared the algorithm-assigned modules to consensus module assignments made by two industrial hygienists for a subset of 1251 (of 11409) jobs selected using a stratified random selection procedure using module-specific strata. Discordant assignments between the algorithm and consensus assignments (483 jobs) were qualitatively reviewed by the hygienists to evaluate the potential information lost from missed questions with using the algorithm-assigned module (none, low, medium, high).
Results:The most frequently assigned modules were the work location (33%), solvent (20%), farming and food industry (19%), and dry cleaning and textile industry (6.4%) modules. In the reliability subset, the algorithm assignment had an exact match to the expert consensus-assigned module for 722 (57.7%) of the 1251 jobs. Overall, adjusted for the proportion of jobs in each stratum, we estimated that 86% of the algorithm-assigned modules would result in no information loss, 2% would have low information loss, and 12% would have medium to high information loss. Medium to high information loss occurred for <10% of the jobs assigned the generic solvent module and for 21, 32, and 31% of the jobs assigned the work location module with location responses of 'someplace else', 'factory', and 'don't know', respectively. Other work location responses had ≤8% with medium to high information loss because of redirections to other modules. Medium to high information loss occurred more frequently when a job description matched with multiple keywords pointing to different modules (29–69%, depending on the triggered assignment rule).
Conclusions:These evaluations demonstrated that automatically assigned modules can reliably reproduce an expert's module assignment without the direct involvement of an industrial hygienist or interviewer. The feasibility of adapting this framework to other studies will be language- and exposure-specific.
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Feedback on Measured Dust Concentrations Reduces Exposure Levels Among Farmers
Background:
The high burden of exposure to organic dust among livestock farmers warrants the establishment of effective preventive and exposure control strategies for these workers. The number of intervention studies exploring the effectiveness of exposure reduction strategies through the use of objective measurements has been limited.
Objective:To examine whether dust exposure can be reduced by providing feedback to the farmers concerning measurements of the exposure to dust in their farm.
Methods:The personal dust levels of farmers in 54 pig and 26 dairy cattle farms were evaluated in two measurement series performed approximately 6 months apart. Detailed information on work tasks and farm characteristics during the measurements were registered. Participating farms were randomized a priori to a control (n = 40) and an intervention group (n = 40). Shortly after the first visit, owners of intervention farms only received a letter with information on the measured dust concentrations in the farm together with some general advises on exposure reduction strategies (e.g. use of respirators during certain tasks). Relationships between measured dust concentrations and intervention status were quantified by means of linear mixed effect analysis with farm and worker id as random effects. Season, type of farming, and work tasks were treated as fixed effects. Changes in exposure over time were explored primarily at a farm level in models combined, as well as separate for pig and cattle farmers.
Results:After adjustment for fixed effects, an overall reduction of 23% in personal dust exposures was estimated as a result of the intervention (P = 0.02). Exposure reductions attributable to the intervention were similar across pig and cattle farmers, but statistically significant only for pig farmers. Intervention effects among pig farmers did not depend on the individuals' information status; but among cattle farmers a significant 48% reduction in exposure was found only among individuals that reported to have been informed. No systematic differences in changes over time considering the use of respiratory protection between the intervention and control groups were observed.
Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest reductions between 20 and 30% in personal exposure to inhalable dust to be feasible through simple information provided to the farm owners regarding actual levels of exposure together with instructions on basic measures of prevention. The exact reasons for these effects are unclear, but likely they involve changes in behavior and working practices among intervention farmers.
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Allergen Quantification by Use of Electrostatic Dust Collectors (EDCs): Influence of Deployment Time, Extraction Buffer, and Storage Conditions on the Results
Sampling of endotoxin, beta-glucan, or allergens on electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) is a convenient method for exposure assessment. However, especially for allergens few experiments on validation of this method concerning deployment time or storage and extraction procedure have been performed. The aim of study was to optimize the EDC procedure for sampling of allergens in indoor environments. EDCs were placed in households or day-care centers and after extraction, allergens were quantified by six immunoassays detecting mite antigens (Domestic mites DM, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Dp, Tyrophagus putrescentiae Tp) or the main allergens from cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1) and mouse (Mus m 1). For 20 EDC holders, deployment times of cloths were varied between 7 and 28 days, 36 EDCs were used to test reproducibility, and for 28 EDCs extraction buffers were varied (with or without 0.05% Tween 20, borate, or phosphate buffer). The influence of storage of cloths at room temperature (2–629 days) or extracts at –80°C (7–639 days), and variation of extract storage temperature (–20°C and –80°C) for long time storage (1.5 years) on the outcome of allergen quantification were tested for about 150 EDCs. The allergens on EDC cloths increased proportionally with deployment time, and allergen loads on parallel sampled tissues were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001, Pearson of log-transformed values 0.91–0.99). Extraction without Tween reduced all results (P < 0.0001, –51% DM, –85% Dp, –60% Tp, –99% Fel d 1, –86% Can f 1, –52% Mus m 1), and borate buffer resulted in lower yields of Mus m 1 (–53%), DP (–45%), and Tp (–27%) than phosphate buffer. Storage of cloths at room temperature significantly decreased Can f 1 levels (P < 0.0001, –4.8% loss for every 30 days), whereas storage of extracts at –80°C decreased DM results (P < 0.0001, –1.2% loss for every 30 days). Extracts stored at –20°C gave at mean 12% higher DM results compared to extracts stored at –80°C for 1.5 years. Several mammalian allergens and also DM antigens could be quantified reproducibly on EDCs from indoor environments. Allergen levels on EDC cloths increased proportionally with deployment time in a period of 4 weeks. Allergen yields are strongly influenced by the extraction procedure; the use of detergent Tween 20 and phosphate buffer is recommended.
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Levels of Occupational Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Vancouver, Canada
Introduction:
Outdoor workers are at high risk of exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a known human carcinogen. In Canada, no objective measures of UVR exposure are available for occupational settings.
Methods:The Outdoor Workers Project collected UVR exposure data among outdoor workers in Vancouver, Canada during the summer of 2013. Objective measures of exposure were taken for one week using calibrated electronic UVR dosimeters. Additional data was collected from workers on skin cancer risk factors, family history of skin cancer, and job type; as well as meteorological data for sampling days. Marginal models were constructed to examine the worker, job and meteorological determinants of UVR exposure levels, as measured in standard erythemal dose (SED).
Results:Seventy-eight workers were recruited, of which 73 had at least 1 day of measured UVR exposure for this analysis. Participants were mostly male, young and Caucasian. Mean exposure (corrected for repeated measures) was 1.08 SED. Exposure measures were highly variable even in the same workplace, ranging from 0.01 SED to 19.2 SED. Younger age, working in land-based construction, and sunnier weather forecasts led to higher levels of UVR exposure.
Conclusions:Exposure levels capable of causing sunburn were common in this study of outdoor workers, in a location not typically associated with high sun exposure.
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Potential Release of Manufactured Nano Objects During Sanding of Nano-Coated Wood Surfaces
Increasing production and applications of manufactured nano objects (MNOs) have become a source for human exposure and therefore raise concerns and questions about the possible health effects. In this study, the potential release of nano objects, their agglomerates, and aggregates (NOAA) as a result of sanding of hardwood treated with MNOs-containing coating was examined. Two types of MNO-containing coating were compared with untreated hardwood that allowed the evaluation of the influence of the chemical composition on the release of particles. Furthermore, the rotation speed of the sander and the grit size of the sanding paper were varied in order to assess their influence on the release of particles.
Measurements were conducted in a gas-tight chamber with a volume of 19.5 m3 in which ventilation was minimized during experiments. Particle size distributions were assessed by scanning mobility particle sizer , aerodynamic particle sizer, and electrical low pressure impactor. Furthermore, aerosol number concentrations (Nanotracer), active surface area (LQ1), and fractionated mass (Cascade Impactor) were measured before, during, and after sanding. Scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis was performed to adequately characterize the morphology, size, and chemical composition of released particles.
SEM/EDX analysis indicated that sanding surfaces treated with MNO-containing coating did not release the designated MNO as free primary particles. In both coatings, clusters of MNO were perceived embedded in and attached to micro-sized wood and/or coating particles created by sanding the coated surface. Real-time measurements indicated a lower release of micro-sized particles from sanding of surfaces treated with Coating I than from sanding untreated surfaces or surfaces treated with Coating II. A substantial increase in nanosized and a slight increase in micro-sized particles was perceived as the rotation speed of the sander increased. However, most nanosized particles were most likely emitted by the sanding machine. No effect of the grit size on the release of particles was detected.
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Endotoxin in Size-Separated Metal Working Fluid Aerosol Particles
Patients with airway symptoms working in metal working industries are increasing, despite efforts to improve the environmental air surrounding the machines. Our aim was to analyse the amount of endotoxin in size-separated airborne particles of metal working fluid (MWF) aerosol, by using the personal sampler Sioutas cascade impactor, to compare filter types, and to compare the concentration of airborne endotoxin to that of the corresponding MWFs. In a pilot field study, aerosols were collected in two separate machine halls on totally 10 occasions, using glass fibre and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters in parallel at each station. Airborne endotoxin was distributed over all size fractions. While a major part was found in the largest size fraction (72%, 2.5–10 µm), up to 8% of the airborne endotoxin was detected in the smallest size fraction (<0.25 µm). Comparing the efficiency of the filter types, a significantly higher median endotoxin level was found with glass fibres filters collecting the largest particle-size fraction (1.2-fold) and with PTFE filters collecting the smallest ones (5-fold). The levels of endotoxin in the size-separated airborne particle fractions correlated to those of the MWFs supporting the aerosol-generating machines. Our study indicates that a significant part of inhalable aerosols of MWFs consists of endotoxin-containing particles below the size of intact bacteria, and thus small enough to readily reach the deepest part of the lung. Combined with other chemical irritants of the MWF, exposure to MWF aerosols containing endotoxin pose a risk to respiratory health problems.
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Evaluation of RPE-Select: A Web-Based Respiratory Protective Equipment Selector Tool
This article describes the evaluation of an open-access web-based respiratory protective equipment selector tool (RPE-Select, accessible at http://ift.tt/2a4Ohhy). This tool is based on the principles of the COSHH-Essentials (C-E) control banding (CB) tool, which was developed for the exposure risk management of hazardous chemicals in the workplace by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and general practice H&S professionals. RPE-Select can be used for identifying adequate and suitable RPE for dusts, fibres, mist (solvent, water, and oil based), sprays, volatile solids, fumes, gases, vapours, and actual or potential oxygen deficiency. It can be applied for substances and products with safety data sheets as well as for a large number of commonly encountered process-generated substances (PGS), such as poultry house dusts or welding fume. Potential international usability has been built-in by using the Hazard Statements developed for the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) and providing recommended RPE in picture form as well as with a written specification. Illustration helps to compensate for the variabilities in assigned protection factors across the world. RPE-Select uses easily understandable descriptions/explanations and an interactive stepwise flow for providing input/answers at each step. The output of the selection process is a report summarising the user input data and a selection of RPE, including types of filters where applicable, from which the user can select the appropriate one for each wearer. In addition, each report includes 'Dos' and 'Don'ts' for the recommended RPE. RPE-Select outcomes, based on up to 20 hypothetical use scenarios, were evaluated in comparison with other available RPE selection processes and tools, and by 32 independent users with a broad range of familiarities with industrial use scenarios in general and respiratory protection in particular. For scenarios involving substances having safety data sheets, 87% of RPE-Select outcomes resulted in a 'safe' RPE selection, while 98% 'safe' outcomes were achieved for scenarios involving process-generated substances. Reasons for the outliers were examined. User comments and opinions on the mechanics and usability of RPE-Select are also presented.
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The usability of ark clam shell (Anadara granosa) as calcium precursor to produce hydroxyapatite nanoparticle via wet chemical precipitate method in various sintering temperature
This paper reported the uses of ark clam shell calcium precursor in order to form hydroxyapatite (HA) via the wet chemical precipitation method. The main objective of this research is to acquire better underst...
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Reconstruction of Moderately Constricted Ears by Combining V-Y Advancement of Helical Root, Conchal Cartilage Graft, and Mastoid Hitch.
Reconstruction of Moderately Constricted Ears by Combining V-Y Advancement of Helical Root, Conchal Cartilage Graft, and Mastoid Hitch.
Eplasty. 2016;16:e19
Authors: Elshahat A, Lashin R
Abstract
Objective: Despite the multitude of corrective procedures described in the literature, adequate surgical correction of the congenital constricted ear remains a challenge. The maintenance of the shape and size of the reconstructed upper neohelix poses a particular problem. Methods: In the present study, a total of 12 cases of reconstruction were undertaken. All of them were moderate (type IIA Tanzer classification) deformities. A combined procedure was adopted using a V-Y advancement of the helical root, cartilage scoring, and cartilage grafting from the contralateral concha to reconstruct the upper helix. A mastoid hitch was used as an adjunct to these procedures to maintain helical elevation and prevent recurrence. Mean follow-up period was 6 months. Results: Results were excellent (n = 7), good (n = 4), and fair (n = 1). Paired t test showed a significant increase in the height of the constricted ear postoperatively (P < .001) and a nonsignificant difference between the height of the constricted and contralateral ears postoperatively (P > .05). Apart from dislodgment of the mastoid hitch suture in 1 patient, no complications were recorded. Conclusion: This combined technique is useful in correcting moderately constricted ear deformities.
PMID: 27468330 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Pediatric Flexor Pollicis Longus Injury: Practical Modifications of Assessment and Repair.
Pediatric Flexor Pollicis Longus Injury: Practical Modifications of Assessment and Repair.
Eplasty. 2016;16:e18
Authors: Gorman M, Ruston J, Dickson J
PMID: 27468329 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Concurrent validity and reliability of using ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters in the determination of leg movement initiation during single leg lift
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Daniela Aldabe, Pedduzzi Marcelo Castro, Stephan Milosavljevic, Dawn Melanie Bussey
Postural adjustment evaluations during single leg lift requires the initiation of heel lift (T1) identification. T1 measured by means of motion analyses system is the most reliable approach. However, this method involves considerable workspace, expensive cameras, and time processing data and setting up laboratory. The use of ground reaction forces (GRF) and centre of pressure (COP) data is an alternative method as its data processing and setting up is less time consuming. Further, kinetic data is normally collected using frequency samples higher than 1000Hz whereas kinematic data are commonly captured using 50 to 200Hz. This study describes the concurrent-validity and reliability of GRF and COP measurements in determining T1, using a motion analysis system as reference standard. Kinematic and kinetic data during single leg lift were collected from ten participants. GRF and COP data were collected using one and two force plates. Displacement of a single heel marker was captured by means of ten Vicon© cameras. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected using a sample frequency of 1000Hz. Data were analysed in two stages: identification of key events in the kinetic data, and assessing concurrent validity of T1 based on the chosen key events with T1 provided by the kinematic data. The key event presenting the least systematic bias, along with a narrow 95% CI and limits of agreement against the reference standard T1, was the Baseline COPy event. Baseline COPy event was obtained using one force plate and presented excellent between-tester reliability.
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An exploratory investigation of the daily talk time of people with non-fluent aphasia and non-aphasic peers.
| Related Articles |
An exploratory investigation of the daily talk time of people with non-fluent aphasia and non-aphasic peers.
Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2016 Jul 28;:1-12
Authors: Brandenburg C, Worrall L, Copland D, Rodriguez A
Abstract
PURPOSE: This paper presents an exploratory investigation of the talk time of people with non-fluent aphasia, as measured by the CommFit™ app. Aims were to compare the talk time of people with aphasia with non-aphasic peers and measures of impairment, activity and participation. The variability of talk time over weeks and days of the week was also investigated.
METHOD: Twelve people with post-stroke, non-fluent aphasia and seven non-aphasic controls measured their talk time using the CommFit™ app for 6 h/day for 14 days.
RESULT: People with aphasia talked for a mean of 4.5 min/h and non-aphasic controls 7.2 min/h, which was not a significant difference (p = 0.056). Talk time of people with aphasia was not significantly correlated with WAB-R AQ or CADL-2 scores, but a moderate-high positive relationship between talk time and SIPSO scores was found (r = 0.648, p = 0.015). Talk time was not significantly different between the first and second weeks of recording for either group, and days of the week were not significantly different except for Saturdays, in which talk time was higher.
CONCLUSION: This study provides some preliminary data on talk time in people with aphasia, suggesting that talk time is an indicator of participation.
PMID: 27467660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Service utilisation and costs of language impairment in children: The early language in Victoria Australian population-based study.
| Related Articles |
Service utilisation and costs of language impairment in children: The early language in Victoria Australian population-based study.
Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2016 Jul 28;:1-10
Authors: Le HN, Gold L, Mensah F, Eadie P, Bavin EL, Bretherton L, Reilly S
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine (1) the patterns of service use and costs associated with language impairment in a community cohort of children from ages 4-9 years and (2) the relationship between language impairment and health service utilisation.
METHOD: Participants were children and caregivers of six local government areas in Melbourne participating in the community-based Early Language in Victoria Study (ELVS). Health service use was reported by parents. Costs were valued in Australian dollars in 2014, from the government and family perspectives. Depending on age, the Australian adapted Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Pre-school, 2nd Edition (CELF-P2) or the CELF, 4th Edition (CELF4) was used to assess expressive and receptive language.
RESULT: At 5, 7 and 9 years respectively 21%, 11% and 8% of families reported using services for speech and/or language concerns. The annual costs associated with using services averaged A$612 (A$255 to government, A$357 to family) at 5 years and A$992 (A$317 to government, A$675 to family) at 7 years. Children with persistent language impairment had significantly higher service costs than those with typical language.
CONCLUSION: Language impairment in 4-9-year-old children is associated with higher use of services and costs to both families and government compared to typical language.
PMID: 27467452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Editorial Board
Publication date: 1 September 2016
Source:Acta Biomaterialia, Volume 41
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Relationships between soft tissues in a posed smile and vertical cephalometric skeletal measurements
Publication date: August 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Eniko K. Toth, Donald R. Oliver, J. Michael Hudson, Ki Beom Kim
IntroductionThe purposes of this study were to measure the 3-dimensional parameters of the posed smile and to see whether there are any correlations with vertical cephalometric skeletal measurements.MethodsPretreatment records from a sample of 110 white girls between the ages of 12 and 18 years were gathered. The measurements of SN-GoGn, anterior facial height, and lower and upper facial height percentages were obtained from tracing lateral cephalograms. Superimposing the repose and the posed smile facial scans allowed for measurements to be obtained showing the movements in the x, y, and z dimensions of the upper and lower lips, the commissures, and the Cupid's bows. Correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were run to check for associations and predictive relationships between the cephalometric skeletal measurements and soft tissue changes.ResultsWe found significant moderate correlations and weak correlations. Significant multiple regression models were found for intercommissural width, smile index, and lower lip in the y and z dimensions.ConclusionsThere were moderate correlations showing that as SN-GoGn and anterior facial height increased, the interlabial gap increased as the smile index decreased. Significant relationships were found between certain hard tissue cephalometric measurements and the width of the smile as well as the movements of the lower lip.
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Editorial Board
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
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Information for readers
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
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Impact of dentofacial development on early mandibular incisor crowding
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Sérgio Estelita Barros, Kelly Chiqueto, Guilherme Janson
IntroductionIn this retrospective longitudinal study, we evaluated the influence of dentofacial development on mandibular incisor crowding from the early mixed dentition (T1) to the early permanent dentition (T2).MethodsThe sample was selected from 1212 longitudinally followed untreated subjects. Cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 42 subjects (mean age, 8.66 years) with mandibular incisor crowding were evaluated at T1 and T2. Dentoskeletal variables were compared, and their influence on crowding changes was estimated. The sample was divided regarding incisor crowding severity (≤2 mm and >2 mm) and behavior (improvement and worsening), and the variables with a significant influence on the crowding changes were compared between the groups (P <0.05).ResultsIncisor crowding decreased from T1 to T2. The crowding changes were influenced by the amount of initial crowding, leeway space, incisor protrusion, and maxillary width increase. Crowding of 2 mm or less was not a good predictor for self-correction, with similar chances for improvement or worsening.ConclusionsIncisor crowding reduction can be expected from the early mixed to the early permanent dentition. The potential for crowding reduction was associated with greater initial incisor crowding, leeway space, incisor protrusion, and maxillary width increase. A crowding threshold of 2 mm was not a valid borderline condition to define the self-correction prognosis.
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Do-it-yourself impressions and clear retainers: A fairy tale
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Rolf G. Behrents
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Recognizing and correcting developing malocclusions: A problem-oriented approach to orthodontics
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Charles Thornton
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Antibacterial properties of retainers with silver nanoparticles
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Panchali Batra, Ragini Miglani
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Authors' response
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Nasrin Farhadian, Rasoul Usefi Mashoof, Sajad Khanizadeh, Esmaeil Ghaderi, Maryam Farhadian, Amirfarhang Miresmaeili
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Table of Contents
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
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Corticotomy and piezocision in rapid canine retraction
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Haritha Pottipalli Sathyanarayana, Bhadrinath Srinivasan, Vignesh Kailasam, Sridevi Padmanabhan
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Rescue therapy with orthodontic traction to manage severely impacted mandibular second molars and to restore an alveolar bone defect
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Yoon Jeong Choi, Jong-Ki Huh, Chooryung J. Chung, Kyung-Ho Kim
This case report describes the successful treatment of severely impacted mandibular second molars with severe apical root resorption of the mandibular first molars. The vertically impacted second molars were orthodontically moved (using orthodontic mini-implants) without additional root resorption of the first molars. The orthodontic treatment provided a satisfactory and stable outcome by improving the periodontium surrounding the first and second molars. The treatment also eliminated the need for prosthetic treatment by preserving the first and second molars.
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Authors' response
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Noha Hussein Abbas, Noha Ezzat Sabet, Islam Tarek Hassan
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Analysis of covariance, Part 2
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Nikolaos Pandis
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Reproducibility of the lip position at rest
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Siamak Sabour
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Author's response
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Furkan Dindaroğlu, Gökhan Serhat Duran, Serkan Görgülü
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Residents’ journal review
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 150, Issue 2
Author(s): Dan Grauer
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