Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Erratum zu:
HNO 2018 66:472–479
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Die Autoren möchten auf einen Tippfehler im Manuskript hinweisen. Dabei wurde die Arbeit von Maxwell et al. [40] zitiert, welche die Bedeutung der Kopf-Anteflexion für die Durchführung des vKIT untersucht hat. Diese Arbeit kam zu dem …
Presentation of Case. Dr. Seth N. Levin (Neurology): A 23-year-old right-handed woman with a history of migraines was evaluated at this hospital for vertigo and vision loss affecting the right eye. Six days before admission, a right frontal headache and right retro-orbital pain developed; these…
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Presentation of Case. Ms. Diane P. Doyle, M.S.N. (Medicine): A 68-year-old woman with a history of bilateral breast cancer was evaluated at the oncology clinic of this hospital for back and pelvic pain. Twenty-five years before the current evaluation, the patient was noted to have a small lump in…
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Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and is known to be associated with adherence through the platelet activating factor receptor (PAF-R). Furthermore, high PC expression is considered to be involved in Spn and NTHi virulence. In this study, we examined the influence of PC expression on the adherence of Spn and NTHi to epithelial cells in order to clarify the potential effectiveness of a vaccine targeting PC.
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To employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the volume of the inner ear endolymphatic space (ELS) in patients with acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL), sudden deafness (SD), cochlear Meniere's disease (cMD), and unilateral MD (uMD) compared with control subjects (CS) with chronic rhinosinusitis.
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In the ethical considerations section of the article, the ethical committee should read as follows: "The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine".
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) results from a complex interplay of host genetic and environmental factors. There is a long established association between AD and Staphylococcus aureus. In healthy individuals this organism has a dichotomous relationship with the host, being a frequent component of the human microbiome, carried asymptomatically, and on occasion, an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing or influencing a broad ranging disease. In AD, high carriage rates of S. aureus on affected skin is commonly observed, with recent meta-analysis evidence demonstrating colonisation in approximately 70% of affected individuals 1.
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Your newborn's first tooth is starting to poke through their gums. It's an exciting milestone! However, many parents are unaware of the best dental hygiene practices for infants. Now that they have a tooth, do they need to see a dentist? When should you start encouraging brushing? Dr. Emily Hahn answers all of the most common questions she receives from parents.
The post Dental Hygiene for Infants | Keeping Their Smile Bright appeared first on ChildrensMD.
Interleukin(IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) underlie the crosstalk between epithelial cells and dendritic cells (DCs) during the development of Th2 responses. This study aimed to measure...
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The main aim of this study was to describe switching practices in daily practice. Patients included were those seen in daily routine practice. Efficacy was defined as the achievement of at least 75% improvement in the PASI score (PASI75). A total of 1,157 patients were included. The frequency of switching was 29.9% and switching was efficient in 71.9% of the cases. The study's results allows a better understanding of the profile of patients who require switch and he appears a change of therapeutic class appears to be more effective in psoriasis patients who require a switch in their therapy.
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The incidence of viral hepatitis B or C (HBV/HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma is higher in male compared to female populations, showing a faster disease progression and results in a worse overall survival. Indeed, women are in general better protected from viral infections and show a lower risk of death from malignant cancer in comparison to men. Females mount stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males, and therefore, most of the autoimmune diseases occur predominantly in females. Next to occupational and/or behavioral factors, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes contribute to this observation. In this review, we will discuss underlying mechanisms that are important for the observed sex-related differences in liver diseases. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes might be of value for better and gender-specific treatment options.
Publication date: January 2019
Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 105
Author(s): Ali N. Kamali, Seyedeh Masoomeh Noorbakhsh, Haleh Hamedifar, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Reza Yazdani, José M. Bautista, Gholamreza Azizi
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells contain a dynamic subset of CD4+ T-cells that are able to develop into other different lineage subsets, including the Th1-like Th17 cells. These cells co-express retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and transcription factor T-box-expressed-in-T-cells (T-bet) and produce both interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Recent reports have shown that Th1-like Th17 cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as, some primary immunodeficiency with autoimmune features. Here, the actual mechanisms for Th17 cells plasticity to Th1-like Th17 cells are discussed and reviewed in association to the role that Th1-like Th17 cells have on inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Publication date: January 2019
Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 105
Author(s): Susannah C. Shissler, Tonya J. Webb
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Like innate immune cells, they have a mature, effector phenotype that allows them to rapidly respond to threats, compared to adaptive cells. NKT cells express T cell receptors (TCRs) like conventional T cells, but instead of responding to peptide antigen presented by MHC class I or II, NKT cell TCRs recognize glycolipid antigen in the context of CD1d. NKT cells are subdivided into classes based on their TCR and antigen reactivity. This review will focus on type I iNKT cells that express a semi invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR and respond to the canonical glycolipid antigen, α-galactosylceramide. The innate-like effector functions of these cells combined with their T cell identity make their developmental path quite unique. In addition to the extrinsic factors that affect iNKT cell development such as lipid:CD1d complexes, co-stimulation, and cytokines, this review will provide a comprehensive delineation of the cell intrinsic factors that impact iNKT cell development, differentiation, and effector functions – including TCR rearrangement, survival and metabolism signaling, transcription factor expression, and gene regulation.
Publication date: Available online 28 November 2018
Source: Molecular Immunology
Author(s): Anju Manuja, Balvinder K. Manuja, Harisankar Singha
Significant structural differences in the extracellular domain of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) account for species-specific recognition of its ligand CpG-ODN sequences. TLR9 is extensively studied in human, mice and some domestic animals. The recognition ability appears to be utilized differently by various species and breeds, but so far no comprehensive study exists about the equine TLR9 gene. We characterized TLR9 sequences of Marwari and Zanskari breeds of horses and Poitu donkey. We sequenced and identified the protein coding regions of equine TLR9 and compared with other animals and human beings. Furthermore, we also analyzed the amino acid substitutions and their likely implications on functions. The analysis revealed 14% evolutionary divergence between equine and human TLR9, while it was 1% between the Equus caballus and Equus asinus and less than 1% within Equus caballus. In phylogenetic analysis of predicted amino acids, the indigenous equines grouped with thoroughbred Equus caballus, while human, cattle, dog, sheep, mice, and buffalo formed separate clades. Furthermore, we also analyzed the amino acid substitutions and their likely implications on functions by sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT) analysis and predicted two substitutions of amino acids (D80N and S822P) in Marwari horses in leucine rich repeat 1 (LRR1) without any functional effects. The substitutions (V214A and Y579C) in LRR 3 and LRR11 in Zanskari horses were predicted to have functional consequences. Out of overall 8 substitutions, three substitutions (I420V, S970R and R1001C) were found in Equus asinus in LRR7, LRR 13, and toll interleukin receptor (TIR) domains, while the substitution G649S is observed in Poitu donkey only. We report for the first time that despite the conserved residues, the striking effect of substitutions, found within the TLR9 genes of different equine breeds/species may have possible implications.
To date, 16 states in the US restrict minors from using tanning beds.1 The principal argument against policy restricting indoor tanning is the concern it would harm small businesses.2‐4 One counterargument is that tanning businesses could stay financially viable by offering UV‐free sunless tanning services (e.g., spray or airbrush tanning) which would serve customers' desire for a tan while not exposing them to the risks associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. Sunless only tanning businesses are already in existence and owners may provide insights on this alternative business model.
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Vemurafenib is approved in more than 90 countries for the treatment of patients with BRAF V600‐mutated metastatic melanoma.1,2 In the pivotal BRIM‐3 trial, treatment‐emergent cutaneous side effects were associated with vemurafenib, including the development of epithelial tumours and, in rare cases, new primary melanomas.3,4 QTc interval prolongation and hepatic laboratory abnormalities were also noted.3,4
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Autologous cell suspension is a well‐demonstrated effective approach for treating segmental or stable and localized forms of vitiligo1. Full surface dermabrasion is considered as the gold standard technique for preparing the skin before grafting. Fractional ablative laser or microneedling have been shown to enhance the penetration into the skin of topical agents2.
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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a rare, debilitating neutrophilic dermatosis characterised by chronic inflammation of hair follicles. Many inflammatory conditions may accompany HS.
To investigate the association of variants of the MEFV gene with a complex HS phenotype.
First, we identified the clinical characteristics of 119 HS patients with a complex phenotype (Hurley stage III disease and/or additional inflammatory symptoms). Then, we searched for MEFV variants among these patients. The odds ratios (OR) for pathogenic MEFV mutations were calculated using data from these HS patients and 191 healthy controls.
The male/female ratio was higher, and the mean age of onset was earlier, in our complex HS group compared with HS patients in general. Five of the HS patients (4.2%) had a diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) with a standardized morbidity ratio of 45 (CI: 16.50‐99.84, p<0.001) when compared with the frequency of FMF in the general Turkish population. Of the patients with complex HS, 38% were positive for pathogenic variants of MEFV. The odds ratio for carrying a pathogenic MEFV allele was 2.80 (CI: 1.31‐5.97, p<0.001).
The frequency of MEFV mutations in a group of patients with complex HS was higher than that in healthy controls, suggesting that MEFV mutations may contribute to the pathogenesis of HS. Understanding the role of autoinflammation in HS is of fundamental importance for the development of novel therapies.
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Long‐term evaluation is required to confirm the safety profile of newer biologic agents. Objectives
To report on pooled safety data from the on‐going VOYAGE 1 (NCT02207231) and VOYAGE 2 (NCT02207244) trials through 100 weeks of follow‐up.
Patients were randomized to guselkumab 100 mg at weeks 0 and 4 and every‐8‐weeks thereafter; placebo at weeks 0, 4, 12 followed by guselkumab 100 mg at weeks 16 and 20 and every‐8 weeks thereafter; or adalimumab 80 mg at week 0, 40 mg at week 1, and 40 mg every 2 weeks thereafter. Adalimumab patients crossed over to guselkumab at week 52 (VOYAGE1) and at/after week 28 based on clinical response (VOYAGE2). Open‐label extensions, when all patients received guselkumab, started at week 52 (VOYAGE1) and week 76 (VOYAGE2). Rates of adverse events (AEs) per 100 patient‐years [PY] are presented through 100 weeks of follow up.
Through week 52, observed rates for guselkumab‐ and adalimumab‐treated patients, respectively, were 262.45/100PY and 328.28/100PY for AEs, 6.20/100PY and 7.77/100PY for serious AEs (SAEs), 1.22/100PY and 1.79/100PY for serious infections (SIs), 0.28/100PY and 0.40/100PY for malignancies other than nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), 0.56/100PY and 0.40/100PY for NMSCs, and 0.47/100PY and 0.40/100PY for MACE. Rates among guselkumab‐treated patients through week 52 and week 100, respectively, were (262.45/100PY and 210.41/100PY) for AEs, 6.20 and 6.29/100PY), for SAEs, 1.22/100PY and 1.06/100PY for SIs, 0.28/100PY and 0.38/100PY for malignancies, 0.56/100PY and 0.39/100PY for NMSCs, and 0.47/100PY and 0.38/100PY for MACE. Among adalimumab‐treated patients, rates of AEs (328.28/100PY vs 160.15/100PY), SAEs (7.77/100PY vs 4.44/100PY), SIs (1.79/100PY vs 0/100PY), malignancies (0.40/100PY vs 0.40/100PY), NMSCs (0.40/100PY vs 0.81/100PY), and MACE (0.40/100PY vs 0.20/100PY) showed some variability before and after crossover to guselkumab, though no new safety signals were noted after crossover.
The safety profile for guselkumab remains favorable through 100 weeks of treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.
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Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a type 2‐mediated inflammatory disease associated with significant clinical, social, and economic burdens and high unmet therapeutic need. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin‐4 receptor α (IL‐4Rα) subunit, demonstrated efficacy and acceptable safety in CRSwNP and other type 2 diseases (e.g. atopic dermatitis and asthma). We now report the local effects of dupilumab on type 2 inflammatory biomarkers in nasal secretions and nasal polyp tissues of patients with CRSwNP in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial (NCT01920893).
Cytokines, chemokines, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured using immunoassay techniques in nasal secretions and nasal polyp tissue homogenates of CRSwNP patients receiving dupilumab 300 mg or placebo weekly for 16 weeks.
With dupilumab, type 2 biomarker concentrations decreased in nasal secretions (LS mean area under the curve from 0–16 weeks for the change from baseline) vs placebo for eotaxin‐3 (−30.06 vs −0.86 pg/mL; P=0.0008) and total IgE (−7.90 vs −1.86 IU/mL; P=0.022)). Dupilumab treatment also decreased type 2 biomarker levels in nasal polyp tissues at Week 16 versus baseline for ECP (P=0.008), eotaxin‐2 (P=0.008), eotaxin‐3 (P=0.031), pulmonary and activation‐regulated chemokine (P=0.016), IgE (P=0.023), and IL‐13 (P=0.031).
Dupilumab treatment reduced multiple biomarkers of type 2 inflammation in nasal secretions and polyp tissues of patients with CRSwNP, demonstrating that antagonism of IL‐4Rα signaling suppresses IL‐4‐/IL‐13‐dependent processes, such as mucosal IgE formation, as well as the expression of chemokines attracting inflammatory cells to the nasal mucosa.
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Sharpe, H; Patalay, P; Choo, T-H; Wall, M; Mason, SM; Goldschmidt, AB; Neumark-Sztainer, D; (2018) Bidirectional associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms from adolescence through early adulthood. Development and Psychopathology , 30 (4) pp. 1447-1458. 10.1017/S0954579417001663 . Green open access
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Beerli, C; Yakimovich, A; Kilcher, S; Reynoso, GV; Fläschner, G; Müller, DJ; Hickman, HD; Beerli, C; Yakimovich, A; Kilcher, S; Reynoso, GV; Fläschner, G; Müller, DJ; Hickman, HD; Mercer, J; - view fewer (2018) Vaccinia virus hijacks EGFR signalling to enhance virus spread through rapid and directed infected cell motility. Nature Microbiology 10.1038/s41564-018-0288-2 . (In press).
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Bonchi, F; Holland, J; Piedeleu, R; Sobocinski, P; Zanasi, F; (2019) Diagrammatic Algebra: from Linear to Concurrent Systems. In: Proceedings of the 46th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 2019). ACM: Cascais, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Harrison, IF; Powell, NM; Dexter, DT; (2018) The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Nicotinamide Exacerbates Neurodegeneration in the Lactacystin Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Neurochemistry 10.1111/jnc.14599 . (In press). Green open access
https://ift.tt/2AzKkfi
Thanki, AS; Soranzo, N; Herrero, J; Haerty, W; Davey, RP; (2018) Aequatus: An open-source homology browser. Gigascience , 7 (11) , Article giy128. 10.1093/gigascience/giy128 . Green open access
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Jaccard, N; Rogers, TW; Morton, EJ; Griffin, LD; (2018) Automated detection of smuggled high-risk security threats using Deep Learning. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention (ICDP 2016). IEEE: Madrid, Spain. Green open access
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Lyu, C; Shen, J; Wang, R; Gu, H; Zhang, J; Xue, F; Liu, X; ... Zhang, L; + view all Lyu, C; Shen, J; Wang, R; Gu, H; Zhang, J; Xue, F; Liu, X; Liu, W; Fu, R; Zhang, L; Li, H; Zhang, X; Cheng, T; Yang, R; Zhang, L; - view fewer (2018) Targeted genome engineering in human induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with hemophilia B using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Stem Cell Research & Therapy , 9 (92) 10.1186/s13287-018-0839-8 . Green open access
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Kucirkova, N; (2018) How and Why to Read and Create Children's Digital Books. UCL Press: London, UK. Green open access
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Chainey, S; Valente, R; Crescenzi, L; (2018) Participatory design of a thematic questionnaire in the field of victimization studies. European Journal of Criminology 10.1177/1477370818769597 . (In press). Green open access
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Hynds, RE; Vladimirou, E; Janes, SM; (2018) The secret lives of cancer cell lines. [Editorial comment]. Disease Models and Mechanisms , 11 , Article dmm037366. 10.1242/dmm.037366 . Green open access
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Allen, JL; Bird, E; Chhoa, C; (2018) Bad Boys and Mean Girls: Callous-Unemotional Traits, Management of Disruptive Behavior in School, the Teacher-Student Relationship and Academic Motivation. Frontiers in Education 10.3389/feduc.2018.00108 . (In press).
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Patenaude, BN; Chimbindi, N; Pillay, D; Baernighausen, T; (2018) The impact of ART initiation on household food security over time. Social Science & Medicine , 198 pp. 175-184. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.036 . Green open access
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Tocher, D; Pinky, T; Rahman, MM; Ghosh, S; Azam, KA; Mia, MM; Alam, MM; ... Kabir, SE; + view all Tocher, D; Pinky, T; Rahman, MM; Ghosh, S; Azam, KA; Mia, MM; Alam, MM; Richmond, MG; Kabir, SE; - view fewer (2019) Activation of thiosaccharin at a polynuclear osmium cluster. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 10.1016/j.organchem.2018.10.031 . (In press).
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Meade, LC; Dinneen, D; Kad, R; Lynch, DM; Fowler, K; Pomiankowski, A; (2018) Ejaculate sperm number compensation in stalk-eyed flies carrying a selfish meiotic drive element. Heredity 10.1038/s41437-018-0166-y . Green open access
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Twomey, DM; Wrigley, C; Ahearne, C; Murphy, R; De Haan, M; Marlow, N; Murray, DM; (2018) Feasibility of using touch screen technology for early cognitive assessment in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood , 103 (9) pp. 853-858. 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314010 . Green open access
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Katamzi-Joseph, ZT; Aruliah, AL; Oksavik, K; Habarulema, JB; Kauristie, K; Kosch, MJ; (2018) Multi-instrument observations of large-scale atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with enhanced auroral activity over Svalbard. Advances in Space Research 10.1016/j.asr.2018.08.042 . (In press).
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Singh, K; Evens, H; Nair, N; Rincón, MY; Sarcar, S; Samara-Kuko, E; Chuah, MK; Singh, K; Evens, H; Nair, N; Rincón, MY; Sarcar, S; Samara-Kuko, E; Chuah, MK; VandenDriessche, T; - view fewer (2018) Efficient In Vivo Liver-Directed Gene Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9. Molecular Therapy , 26 (5) pp. 1241-1254. 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.023 . Green open access
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Abduo, J; Sambrook, RJ; (2018) Longevity of ceramic onlays: A systematic review. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry , 30 (3) pp. 193-215. 10.1111/jerd.12384 .
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Sullivan, A; Wang, E; Farrell, J; Whitaker, P; Faulkner, L; Peckham, D; Park, BK; Sullivan, A; Wang, E; Farrell, J; Whitaker, P; Faulkner, L; Peckham, D; Park, BK; Naisbitt, DJ; - view fewer (2017) β-Lactam hypersensitivity involves expansion of circulating and skin-resident TH22 cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , 141 (1) 235-249.e8. 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.020 . Green open access
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Ahnen, ML; Ansoldi, S; Antonelli, LA; Arcaro, C; Baack, D; Babic, A; Banerjee, B; ... Zensus, JA; + view all Ahnen, ML; Ansoldi, S; Antonelli, LA; Arcaro, C; Baack, D; Babic, A; Banerjee, B; Bangale, P; Barres de Almeida, U; Barrio, JA; Becerra Gonzalez, J; Bednarek, W; Bernardini, E; Berse, RC; Berti, A; Bhattacharyya, W; Biland, A; Blanch, O; Bonnoli, G; Carosi, R; Carosi, A; Ceribella, G; Chatterjee, A; Colak, SM; Colin, P; Colombo, E; Contreras, JL; Cortina, J; Covino, S; Cumani, P; Da Vela, P; Dazzi, F; De Angelis, A; De Lotto, B; Delfino, M; Delgado, J; Di Pierro, F; Dominguez, A; Prester, DD; Dorner, D; Doro, M; Einecke, S; Elsaesser, D; Ramazani, VF; Fernandez-Barral, A; Fidalgo, D; Fonseca, M; Font, L; Fruck, C; Galindo, D; Gallozzi, S; Garcia Lopez, RJ; Garczarczyk, M; Gaug, M; Giammaria, P; Godinovic, N; Gora, D; Guberman, D; Hadasch, D; Hahn, A; Hassan, T; Hayashida, M; Herrera, J; Hose, J; Hrupec, D; Ishio, K; Konno, Y; Kubo, H; Kushida, J; Kuvezdic, D; Lelas, D; Lindfors, E; Lombardi, S; Longo, F; Lopez, M; Maggio, C; Majumdar, P; Makariev, M; Maneva, G; Manganaro, M; Mannheim, K; Maraschi, L; Mariotti, M; Martinez, M; Masuda, S; Mazin, D; Mielke, K; Minev, M; Miranda, JM; Mirzoyan, R; Moralejo, A; Moreno, V; Moretti, E; Nagayoshi, T; Neustroev, V; Niedzwiecki, A; Nievas Rosillo, M; Nigro, C; Nilsson, K; Ninci, D; Nishijima, K; Noda, K; Nogues, L; Paiano, S; Palacio, J; Paneque, D; Paoletti, R; Paredes, JM; Pedaletti, G; Peresano, M; Persic, M; Moroni, PGP; Prandini, E; Puljak, I; Garcia, JR; Reichardt, I; Rhode, W; Ribo, M; Rico, J; Righi, C; Rugliancich, A; Saito, T; Satalecka, K; Schweizer, T; Sitarek, J; Snidaric, I; Sobczynska, D; Stamerra, A; Strzys, M; Suric, T; Takahashi, M; Takalo, L; Tavecchio, F; Temnikov, P; Terzic, T; Teshima, M; Torres-Alba, N; Treves, A; Tsujimoto, S; Vanzo, G; Vazquez Acosta, M; Vovk, I; Ward, JE; Will, M; Zaric, D; Bastieri, D; Gasparrini, D; Lott, B; Rani, B; Thompson, DJ; Agudo, I; Angelakis, E; Borman, GA; Casadio, C; Grishina, TS; Gurwel, M; Hovatta, T; Itoh, R; Jarvela, E; Jermak, H; Jorstad, S; Kopatskaya, EN; Kraus, A; Krichbaum, TP; Kuin, NPM; Lahteenmaki, A; Larionov, VM; Larionova, L; Lien, AY; Madejski, G; Marscher, A; Myserlis, I; Max-Moerbeck, W; Molina, SN; Morozova, DA; Nalewajko, K; Pearson, TJ; Ramakrishnan, V; Readhead, ACS; Reeves, RA; Savchenko, SS; Steele, IA; Tornikoski, M; Troitskaya, Y; Troitsky, I; Vasilyev, AA; Zensus, JA; - view fewer (2018) Multi-wavelength characterization of the blazar S5 0716+714 during an unprecedented outburst phase. Astronomy and Astrophysics , 619 , Article A45. 10.1051/0004-6361/201832677 . Green open access
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Wounds close by keratinocytes migrating from the edge of the wound and re‐epithelializing the epidermis. It has been proposed that the major stimuli for wound closure are blood‐derived growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. The small GTPase R‐Ras, a known integrin activator, also regulates vascular permeability during angiogenesis, and blood vessels lacking R‐Ras leak plasma proteins constantly. We explored whether the access to blood‐derived proteins influences skin wound healing in R‐Ras knockout (KO) mice. In skin wounds, R‐Ras expression was mostly restricted to the vasculature in the granulation tissue. Angiogenic blood vessels in the R‐Ras KO mice were significantly more permeable than in wild‐type (WT) controls. Although the distances between epidermal tongues, and the panniculus carnosus muscles, were significantly longer in R‐Ras KO than WT controls before the granulation tissue formation took place, there were no differences in the wound closure or re‐epithelialization rates or granulation tissue formation. These findings were also corroborated in a special splint excision wound model. Our study shows that although R‐Ras does not influence the skin wound healing itself, but the blood vessels lacking R‐Ras are leaky and thus could facilitate the access of blood‐derived proteins to the wound.
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Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare and debilitating disease with a controversial definition, etiology, and treatment. One puzzling fact is that patients who undergo an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) often have resection of multiple anatomic structures, yet seldom develop ENS. In this pilot study, we analyzed and compared the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and symptoms among post‐EEA patients, ENS patients, and healthy subjects.
Computed tomography scans of 4 post‐EEA patients were collected and analyzed using CFD techniques. Two patients had significant ENS symptoms based on results of the Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐item Questionnaire (score >11), whereas the other 2 were asymptomatic. As a reference, their results were compared with previously published CFD results of 27 non‐EEA ENS patients and 42 healthy controls.
Post‐EEA patients with ENS symptoms had a similar nasal airflow pattern as non‐EEA ENS patients. This pattern differed significantly from that of EEA patients without ENS symptoms and healthy controls. Overall, groups with ENS symptoms exhibited airflow dominant in the middle meatus region and a significantly lower percentage of airflow in the inferior turbinate region (EEA with ENS, 17.74 ± 4.00% vs EEA without ENS, 51.25 ± 3.33% [t test, p < 0.02]; non‐EEA ENS, 25.8 ± 17.6%; healthy subjects, 36.5 ± 15.9%) as well as lower peak wall shear stress (EEA with ENS, 0.30 ± 0.13 Pa vs EEA without ENS, 0.61 ± 0.03 Pa [p = 0.003]; non‐EEA ENS, 0.58 ± 0.24 Pa; healthy subjects, 1.18 ± 0.81 Pa).
These results suggest that turbinectomy and/or posterior septectomy may have a varying functional impact and that ENS symptoms go beyond anatomy and correlate with aerodynamic changes. The findings open the door for CFD as a potential objective diagnosis tool for ENS.
Exosomes are secreted epithelial‐derived vesicles that contain a conserved protein array representative of their parent cell. Exosomes may be reproducibly and noninvasively purified from nasal mucus. The exosomal proteome can be quantified using SOMAscanTM, a highly multiplexed, aptamer‐based proteomic platform. The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has a unique predictive exosomal proteomic biosignature.
Exosomes were isolated from whole mucus sampled from control and CRSwNP patients (n = 20 per group) by differential ultracentrifugation. The SOMAscanTM platform was used to simultaneously quantify 1310 biologically relevant human proteins. Matched tissue and whole mucus proteomes were also analyzed. Differential protein expression and discriminatory power were calculated using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic‐mean and principal component analysis, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway, MetaCore, and GeneMANIA analyses.
The exosomal proteome demonstrated 123 significantly (p < 0.05) differentially regulated proteins in CRSwNP relative to control. Eighty of these proteins overlapped with the matched CRSwNP tissue proteome as compared with only 4 among matched whole mucus samples. Forty‐three significantly dysregulated pathway networks overlapped between the exosomal and tissue proteome in CRSwNP as compared with only 3 among matched whole mucus samples. The best‐performing protein set (cystatin‐SN, peroxiredoxin‐5, and glycoprotein VI) achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of up to 99%.
Our data contribute a significant advance in the development of a reproducible, noninvasive, serial, and quantitative "liquid biopsy" for rhinosinusitis. The exosomal proteomic approach has revealed a unique biosignature associated with CRSwNP, which outperforms whole mucus sampling, and thus provides a method of noninvasive disease detection and proposes new potential therapeutic targets.
Signs of inflammation are commonly encountered during endoscopic examination of the Eustachian tube (ET) region. The clinical applicability of these findings may be enhanced by use of a standardized assessment score.
Digital video recordings were obtained of 50 nasal endoscopy examinations of the nasopharyngeal portion of the ET. Four fellowship‐trained rhinologists independently reviewed the videos with regard to specific physical findings: edema of the ET torus, erythema of the ET torus, exudate at the ET orifice, and presence of tubal tonsil. Scoring of this Endoscopic Evaluation of the Eustachian Tube (3ET) was reported using both 2‐point and 3‐point scales. Each reviewer repeated the scoring at a 10‐day interval. Interrater and intrarater agreement were calculated for each item and the total scores.
Interrater and intrarater agreement were greater for the 3‐point scale than the 2‐point scale. Interrater agreement for overall instrument using the 3‐point scale was in the "acceptable" range for Krippendorff's alpha on both the first trial (0.6922) and second trial (0.7238). Intrarater agreement was generally "excellent" for individual items as well as the overall instrument.
The 3ET comprising these 4 physical findings has acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability, and may be applied to future clinical studies of ET function and disease.
Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We previously identified several cytokines potentially linked to smell loss, potentially supporting an inflammatory etiology for CRS‐associated olfactory dysfunction. In the current study we sought to validate patterns of olfactory dysfunction in CRS using hierarchical cluster analysis, machine learning algorithms, and multivariate regression.
CRS patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were administered the Smell Identification Test (SIT) preoperatively. Mucus was collected from the middle meatus using an absorbent polyurethane sponge and 17 inflammatory mediators were assessed using a multiplexed flow‐cytometric bead assay. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to characterize inflammatory patterns and their association with SIT scores. The random forest approach was used to identify cytokines predictive of olfactory function.
One hundred ten patients were enrolled in the study. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified 5 distinct CRS clusters with statistically significant differences in SIT scores observed between individual clusters (p < 0.001). A majority of anosmic patients were found in a single cluster, which was additionally characterized by nasal polyposis (100%) and a high incidence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (50%) and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) (33%). A random forest approach identified a strong association between olfaction and the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐13. Multivariate modeling identified AERD, computed tomography (CT) score, and IL‐2 as the variables most predictive of olfactory function.
Olfactory dysfunction is associated with specific CRS endotypes characterized by severe nasal polyposis, tissue eosinophilia, and AERD. Mucus IL‐2 levels, CT score, and AERD were independently associated with smell loss.
Publication date: Available online 28 November 2018
Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Feng-Ming Gu, Fang-Lu Chi
To evaluate surgical outcomes for chronic otitis media with mucosa defect underwent titanium ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR) in single stage canal wall down tympanoplasty (CWD).
A clinical retrospective study was performed on 83 cases of the chronic otitis media with mucosa defect and 123 ears with mucosa integrity according to intraoperative findings that underwent synchronous titanium OCR in single stage CWD form January 2012 to January 2018. Pre- and postoperative air conduction threshold (AC), air-bone gap (ABG) and ABG closure at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz were investigated.
The overall mean AC threshold of 53.4 ± 16.5 dB was lowered to 41.2 ± 15.9 dB postoperatively (p < 0.01). The mean pre- and postoperative ABG of all patients were 27.9 ± 9.9 dB and 17.2 ± 9.3 dB (p < 0.01), respectively, with a mean ABG closure of 10.7 ± 8.4 dB. The total rate of success, postoperative ABG ≤ 20 dB was achieved in 71.4%. In the mucosa defect group underwent TORP, the mean pre- and postoperative ABG were 28.1 ± 9.8 dB and 20.1 ± 9.0 dB (p < 0.01), respectively, with the ABG closure was 8.0 ± 7.9 dB. In the mucosa defect group underwent PORP, the mean pre- and postoperative ABG were 27.9 ± 10.1 dB and 16.5 ± 9.1 dB (p < 0.01), respectively, with the ABG closure was 11.4 ± 8.6 dB. Furthermore, in the mucosa defect group, there was significant difference in success rate of achieved postoperative ABG ≤ 20 dB between the TORP (48.9%) and PORP (77.5%) (p < 0.05).
It is revealed PORP in single stage CWD tympanoplasty for the patients suffered from chronic otitis media with mucosa defect is favored.
Reports detailing the acute formation of aluminum granulomas, which can cause persistent, intensely pruritic nodules secondary to the administration of aluminum‐containing vaccines, are infrequently described in medical literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the development of an aluminum granuloma causing a persistent, pruritic nodule at the injection site following the administration of the DTaP‐IPV vaccine. We present the case of a 6‐year‐old girl who developed a severely pruritic subcutaneous nodule on her anterior right thigh at the injection site three weeks after the administration of the aluminum‐containing DTaP‐IPV (Kinrix) vaccine. The nodule was eventually excised 14 months after its initial appearance, after which her symptoms resolved. Histologic inspection demonstrated a dense, deep dermal and subcutaneous nodular mixed infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils, with germinal center formation. The bluish, amphophilic granular cytoplasm found in most of the histiocytes is a characteristic feature of "aluminum granulomas." This adverse reaction should be considered in any patient presenting with similar findings in the weeks following a DTaP‐IPV vaccination or other aluminum‐containing vaccines. Furthermore, the self‐limiting tendency of these nodules should not preclude affected patients from any future vaccinations, though vaccines without aluminum should be preferentially selected when possible.
Diaper dermatitis is often caused by irritant contact occurring beneath the diaper of an infant, and it is aggravated by factors such as dampness, friction, urea, and feces. Food‐allergic patients are known to exhibit various skin lesions ranging from urticaria to eczema. This study aims to determine the relationship between persistent diaper dermatitis and food allergy.
A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of persistent diaper dermatitis between August 2015 and November 2017.
The study included 157 patients diagnosed with persistent diaper dermatitis (67 male, 72 female; median age: 13 months). Diaper dermatitis was more common and included the whole perineum in children who had multiple food allergies (P = 0.001). In children with multiple food allergies, the course of diaper dermatitis was more severe, and the condition did not respond to topical treatment (P = 0.025). A longer elimination diet was required for patients with Type I reactions and persistent diaper dermatitis (P = 0.018). In patients with Type II and mixed reactions, diaper dermatitis was more diffuse and covered the whole perineum (P = 0.025). In patients with Type II and mixed reactions, diaper dermatitis was more severe and did not respond to topical treatment (P = 0.025).
Persistent diaper dermatitis lasting longer than a month may be associated with food allergy. The diaper rash may also be the only indicator of the food allergy. Elimination of the responsible food may allow these patients to recover from persistent diaper dermatitis.
Forman, J; Harris, JM; Lorencatto, F; McEwen, A; Duaso, MJ; (2017) National Survey of Smoking and Smoking Cessation Education Within UK Midwifery School Curricula. Nicotine & Tobacco Research , 19 (5) pp. 591-596. 10.1093/ntr/ntw230 . Green open access
https://ift.tt/2FNCx3m
Shackleton, N; Allen, E; Bevilacqua, L; Viner, R; Bonell, C; (2018) Associations between socio-economic status (including school- and pupil-level interactions) and student perceptions of school environment and health in English secondary schools. British Educational Research Journal , 44 (5) pp. 748-762. 10.1002/berj.3455 .
https://ift.tt/2redgoB
Miraglia, S; (2018) METAKNOWLEDGE AND THE STRATEGIC REUTILIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE ASSETS. In: (Proceedings) Strategy Science. The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) (In press).
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McDowell, AR; Carmichael, DW; (2018) Optimal repetition time reduction for single subject event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 10.1002/mrm.27498 . Green open access
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Dickson, H; Cullen, AE; Jones, R; Reichenberg, A; Roberts, RE; Hodgins, S; Morris, RG; Dickson, H; Cullen, AE; Jones, R; Reichenberg, A; Roberts, RE; Hodgins, S; Morris, RG; Laurens, KR; - view fewer (2018) Trajectories of cognitive development during adolescence among youth at-risk for schizophrenia. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 59 (11) pp. 1215-1224. 10.1111/jcpp.12912 . Green open access
https://ift.tt/2FMANal
Teske, AJ; Linschoten, M; Kamphuis, JAM; Naaktgeboren, WR; Leiner, T; van der Wall, E; Kuball, J; ... Asselbergs, FW; + view all Teske, AJ; Linschoten, M; Kamphuis, JAM; Naaktgeboren, WR; Leiner, T; van der Wall, E; Kuball, J; van Rhenen, A; Doevendans, PA; Cramer, MJ; Asselbergs, FW; - view fewer (2018) Cardio-oncology: an overview on outpatient management and future developments. [Review]. Netherlands Heart Journal , 26 (11) pp. 521-532. 10.1007/s12471-018-1148-7 . Green open access
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Naik, Y; Baker, P; Walker, I; Tillmann, T; Bash, K; Quantz, D; Hillier-Brown, F; Naik, Y; Baker, P; Walker, I; Tillmann, T; Bash, K; Quantz, D; Hillier-Brown, F; Bambra, C; - view fewer (2017) The macro-economic determinants of health and health inequalities-umbrella review protocol. Systematic Reviews , 6 (1) , Article 222. 10.1186/s13643-017-0616-2 . Green open access
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Zanasi, Fabio; (2010) La definizione nell'Ontologia di S. Lesniewski - uno studio sulle definizioni creative. UNSPECIFIED thesis (B.A.), University of Siena.
https://ift.tt/2red6O1
Zanasi, Fabio; (2012) Expressiveness of Monadic Second-Order Logics on Infinite Trees of Arbitrary Branching Degree. Masters thesis (M.Sc), University of Amsterdam, Institute for Logic, Language and Computation.
https://ift.tt/2FKRD9S
Bodrenko, IV; Acosta-Gutierrez, S; D'Agostino, T; Salis, S; Samanta, S; Scorciapino, MA; Ceccarelli, M; (2017) Towards In-Silica Screening of Molecule Permeation through Outer Membrane Channels in Gramm-Negative Bacteria. Presented at: 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society, San Francisco, CA. Green open access
https://ift.tt/2red1db
Murtin, F; Robin, J-M; (2018) Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics. Labour Economics , 50 pp. 3-19. 10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.025 . Green open access
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Esquivel-Muelbert, A; Baker, TR; Dexter, KG; Lewis, SL; Brienen, RJW; Feldpausch, TR; Lloyd, J; ... Restrepo Correa, Z; + view all Esquivel-Muelbert, A; Baker, TR; Dexter, KG; Lewis, SL; Brienen, RJW; Feldpausch, TR; Lloyd, J; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A; Arroyo, L; Álvarez-Dávila, E; Higuchi, N; Marimon, BS; Marimon-Junior, BH; Silveira, M; Vilanova, E; Gloor, E; Malhi, Y; Chave, J; Barlow, J; Bonal, D; Davila Cardozo, N; Erwin, T; Fauset, S; Hérault, B; Laurance, S; Poorter, L; Qie, L; Stahl, C; Sullivan, MJP; ter Steege, H; Vos, VA; Zuidema, PA; Almeida, E; Almeida de Oliveira, E; Andrade, A; Vieira, SA; Aragão, L; Araujo-Murakami, A; Arets, E; Aymard C, GA; Camargo, PB; Barroso, JG; Bongers, F; Boot, R; Camargo, JL; Castro, W; Chama Moscoso, V; Comiskey, J; Cornejo Valverde, F; Lola da Costa, AC; del Aguila Pasquel, J; Di Fiore, T; Fernanda Duque, L; Elias, F; Engel, J; Flores Llampazo, G; Galbraith, D; Herrera Fernández, R; Honorio Coronado, E; Hubau, W; Jimenez-Rojas, E; Lima, AJN; Umetsu, RK; Laurance, W; Lopez-Gonzalez, G; Lovejoy, T; Aurelio Melo Cruz, O; Morandi, PS; Neill, D; Núñez Vargas, P; Pallqui, NC; Parada Gutierrez, A; Pardo, G; Peacock, J; Peña-Claros, M; Peñuela-Mora, MC; Petronelli, P; Pickavance, GC; Pitman, N; Prieto, A; Quesada, C; Ramírez-Angulo, H; Réjou-Méchain, M; Restrepo Correa, Z; - view fewer (2018) Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change. Global Change Biology 10.1111/gcb.14413 . (In press). Green open access
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White, N; Harries, P; Harris, AJL; Vickerstaff, V; Lodge, P; McGowan, C; Minton, O; ... Stone, P; + view all White, N; Harries, P; Harris, AJL; Vickerstaff, V; Lodge, P; McGowan, C; Minton, O; Tomlinson, C; Tookman, A; Reid, F; Stone, P; - view fewer (2018) How do palliative care doctors recognise imminently dying patients? A judgement analysis. BMJ Open , 8 (11) 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024996 . Green open access
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Pettinato, M; Tuomainen, O; Granlund, S; Hazan, V; (2018) Corrigendum to "Vowel space area in later childhood and adolescence: Effects of age, sex and ease of communication" [J. Phon. 54 (2016) 1–14]. [Corrigendum]. Journal of Phonetics 10.1016/j.wocn.2018.08.003 . (In press). Green open access
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Song, Y; Mobley, JK; Motagamwala, AH; Isaacs, M; Dumesic, JA; Ralph, J; Lee, AF; ... Crocker, M; + view all Song, Y; Mobley, JK; Motagamwala, AH; Isaacs, M; Dumesic, JA; Ralph, J; Lee, AF; Wilson, K; Crocker, M; - view fewer (2018) Gold-catalyzed conversion of lignin to low molecular weight aromatics. Chemical Science , 9 (42) pp. 8127-8133. 10.1039/c8sc03208d . Green open access
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Sachs, M; Sprick, RS; Pearce, D; Hillman, S; Monti, A; Guilbert, A; Nick, B; ... Cooper, A; + view all Sachs, M; Sprick, RS; Pearce, D; Hillman, S; Monti, A; Guilbert, A; Nick, B; Dimitrov, S; Shi, X; Blanc, F; Zwijnenburg, MA; Nelson, J; Durrant, J; Cooper, A; - view fewer (2018) Understanding structure-activity relationships in linear polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Nature Communications , 9 , Article 4968. 10.1038/s41467-018-07420-6 . Green open access
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Gual, N; Richardson, SJ; Davis, DHJ; Bellelli, G; Hasemann, W; Meagher, D; Kreisel, SH; ... Morandi, A; + view all Gual, N; Richardson, SJ; Davis, DHJ; Bellelli, G; Hasemann, W; Meagher, D; Kreisel, SH; MacLullich, AMJ; Cerejeira, J; Inzitari, M; Morandi, A; - view fewer (2018) Impairments in balance and mobility identify delirium in patients with comorbid dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 10.1017/S1041610218001345 .
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Anderson, N; Ozakinci, G; (2018) Effectiveness of psychological interventions to improve quality of life in people with long-term conditions: rapid systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMC Psychology , 6 (11) 10.1186/s40359-018-0225-4 . Green open access
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Pelletier, C; Chrysikou, V; Gibson, W; Park, S; Stevenson, F; (2019) The gift in A&E: re-framing the medical case presentation through Mauss. Social Theory and Health (In press).
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Ellul, C; Coors, V; Zlatanova, S; Laurini, R; Rumor, M; (2018) Preface. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Smart Data and Smart Cities: International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives 2018. (pp. pp. 1-2). ISPRS Archives: Delft, The Netherlands. Green open access
https://ift.tt/2rd1CKU
Publication date: Available online 28 November 2018
Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): D. Chaillou, G. Mortuaire, V. Deken-Delannoy, B. Rysman, D. Chevalier, F. Mouawad
In oncology, multi-disciplinary team meetings improve overall survival and reduce time to treatment in head and neck cancer. Interestingly, no study has examined the experience of patients attending an MTM. The present study addressed two questions: Does the MTM cause anxiety/depression for patients who are present? Are patients satisfied at the end of the meeting?
The study included all patients attending an MTM, who agreed to participate in the study and who fully completed two questionnaires. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a satisfaction questionnaire were filled out at three time-points: T0 before MTM, T1 at end of MTM, and T2 1 month after MTM for the HADS; and T1 and T2 for the satisfaction questionnaire.
There were no significant differences in the number of patients experiencing anxiety between T0 and T1 (P = 0.6085), T0 and T2 (P = 1) or T1 and T2 (P = 1). Likewise, there were no significant differences in the number of patients in depression between T0 and T1 (P = 0.9397), T0 and T2 (P = 1) or T1 and T2 (P = 1). Mean satisfaction was good (question 14 on the satisfaction questionnaire: 8.7/10 at T1 and 7.7/10 at T2), but with a significant decrease between T1 and T2 (P = 0.0009: i.e., < 0.05). Percentage information remembered (question 12) significantly decreased between T1 (mean 86%, standard deviation 0.2, median 94%) and T2 (78% ± 0.2, median 81%) (P = 0.03). Presence in the MTM did not appear to induce or increase anxiety or pre-existing depressive syndrome.
The question of where, between theory and experiment, computer simulations (CSs) locate on the methodological map is one of the central questions in the epistemology of simulation (cf. Saam Journal for General Philosophy of Science, 48, 293–309, 2017). The two extremes on the map have them either be a kind of experiment in their own right (e.g. Barberousse et al. Synthese, 169, 557–574, 2009; Morgan 2002, 2003, Journal of Economic Methodology, 12(2), 317–329, 2005; Morrison Philosophical Studies, 143, 33–57, 2009; Morrison 2015; Massimi and Bhimji Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 51, 71–81, 2015; Parker Synthese, 169, 483–496, 2009) or just an argument executed with the aid of a computer (e.g. Beisbart European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 2, 395–434, 2012; Beisbart and Norton International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 26, 403–422, 2012). There exist multiple versions of the first kind of position, whereas the latter is rather unified. I will argue that, while many claims about the 'experimental' status of CSs seem unjustified, there is a variant of the first position that seems preferable. In particular I will argue that while CSs respect the logic of (deductively valid) arguments, they neither agree with their pragmatics nor their epistemology. I will then lay out in what sense CSs can fruitfully be seen as experiments, and what features set them apart from traditional experiments nonetheless. I conclude that they should be seen as surrogate experiments, i.e. experiments executed consciously on the wrong kind of system, but with an exploitable connection to the system of interest. Finally, I contrast my view with that of Beisbart (European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 8, 171–204, 2018), according to which CSs are surrogates for experiments, arguing that this introduces an arbitrary split between CSs and other kinds of simulations.
Publication date: Available online 29 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Zhenfeng Gao, Mengmeng Huang, Zhe Qu, Junchao Wang, Xiaolan Cai
In this study, we aimed to characterize the significant DNA methylation module of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Methylation profiling E-GEOD-50222 was obtained from ArrayExpress database. Differential co-methylation network (DCN) was constructed based on the methylation data. From the DCN, we characterized multiple differential modules (M-DMs). Significant module was mapped to pathways to identify significant enriched pathways.
At the criteria of absolute Pearson coefficient value > 0.8, the edges were chose to construct DCN. In the DCN, 16 seed genes were identified. Seed genes were used to construct M-DMs. After statistical analysis, one significant module with p<0.05 were obtained. After pathways enrichment analysis, 17 significant pathways with p<0.05 were obtained, and most of these pathways were associated with DNA replication.
One multiple differential module was identified in SAR, and seventeen significant pathways mapped by the module were identified as important factors in SAR. These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation in SAR.
Publication date: Available online 29 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Elizabeth Burckardt, Whitney Rebholz, Samantha Allen, Elizabeth Cash, Julie Goldman
To determine risk factors and trends for posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) following adenotonsillectomy (T&A) at a single children's tertiary referral hospital.
Charts from all patients 2-12 years old undergoing T&A alone at a single children's hospital from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2015 were reviewed. Data was collected on patient demographics, indication for procedure, time of year, academic affiliation of surgeon, surgical technique and method, post-operative pain medication prescribed, and readmission for PTH. Univariate chi-square analyses and logistic regression along with multivariable stepwise logistic regression were used to identify predictors of PTH. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analyses with p<0.05 indicating statistical significance.
There were 2,565 children undergoing T&A during the study period. One hundred seventy-three (6.7%) patients were readmitted, of which 53 (30.6%) were due to PTH. Univariate analyses identified children at the highest age quartile of the study, 7.72-12.97 years old (odds ratio [OR]=5.775, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.248-14.837, p<.001) and children with a BMI z-score of 2 or greater (OR=3.391, 95% CI=1.497-7.680, p=.003) were at increased risk for PTH. Multivariable analyses also identified both the highest age quartile and BMI z-score of 2 or greater to be a risk factor for PTH.
In children undergoing T&A, age greater than 7.72 years old and BMI z-score of 2 or greater are significant risk factors for PTH. Replication of these findings in a more highly powered trial is needed.
Publication date: Available online 28 November 2018
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jitsuro Yano, Sayako Yamamoto-Shimizu, Tomonori Yokoyama, Isami Kumakura, Kozo Hanayama, Akio Tsubahara
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether anterior tongue muscle strengthening exercises can affect the strength of posterior tongue muscles.
Eleven healthy subjects (20.6 ± 1.2 years) were included. The subjects exercised by pushing the anterior tongue to the palate 30 times, three times a day, 3 days a weekfor 8 weeks. The exercise intensity was set at 60% of maximum tongue pressure (MTP) in the first week and 80% of MTP for the remainder of training. After the completion of training, MTP measurements were continued every month for another 3 months to evaluate whether training effects were sustained.
MTP was significantly increased after 8 weeks of training compared with before training. No significant differences were seen between MTP immediately after completion of training and MTP 1-3 months after completion of training. However, MTP was significantly higher 1-3 months after completion of training than before training.
The present study showed significant increases in both anterior and posterior MTPs by anterior tongue muscle strengthening exercises. In the future, a database on tongue muscle strengthening exercises in elderly persons,patients with dysphagia, etc. will need to be generated, with the aim of preventing frailty.
As our knowledge base continues to increase, many of the diseases we see and treat seem to have become more complex. This may come from a variety of factors, including better technology, better research, and better diagnostic techniques, among other factors. Not that long ago, asthma was classified more simply as either "intrinsic" or "extrinsic," and rhinitis was either "allergic" or "nonallergic." Now, with the vast improvements we enjoy in the practice of medicine, we have phenotypes and endotypes; we have biomarkers, treatment guidelines, practice parame-->ters, and more.
https://ift.tt/2AvloWj
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a complex allergic disease commonly associated with food-induced symptomatic esophageal dysfunction.1 This includes reflux, dysphagia, and dysmotility.2 Consensus guidelines have provided clinical information to guide EoE evaluation, including the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), to distinguish gastroesophageal reflux disease from EoE, and observations that a unique subset of eosinophilic esophageal infiltration might be largely resolved using a PPI, also termed PPI-REE (PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia).
https://ift.tt/2TXNEcK
In the Original Article, "Omalizumab chronic spontaneous urticaria: Efficacy, safety, predictors of treatment outcome, and time to response" (Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121:474-478), the title should have been set as "Omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria: Efficacy, safety, predictors of treatment outcome, and time to response."
https://ift.tt/2TPnzwy
Die Behandlung des metastasierten nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC) ohne behandelbare Treibermutation hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren insbesondere durch die Einführung der Immuncheckpointinhibitoren (ICI) rasch verändert.
Ein kurzer historischer Abriss sowie der aktuelle Stand der Behandlung des NSCLC Stadium IV sollen knapp zusammengefasst werden.
Eine selektive Literaturrecherche der Datenbank Pubmed wurde durchgeführt. Suchbegriffe: NSCLC stage IV, checkpointinhibitors, chemotherapy.
Immuncheckpointinhibitoren wurden zunächst in der Zweitlinientherapie eingeführt, weil sie sich in mehreren großen Phase-III-Studien einer Standard-Docetaxel-Therapie als deutlich überlegen erwiesen hatten. Mittlerweile wird Pembrolizumab als Standard-Erstlinientherapie bei hoher Programmed-death-ligand-1(PD-L1)-Expression (Tumor Proportion Score [TPS] > 50 %) eingesetzt. In mehreren Phase-III-Studien hat sich eine Kombination mit ICI und Chemotherapie in der Erstlinientherapie einer Standardchemotherapie als überlegen erwiesen. Zulassungen für die Kombinationserstlinientherapie liegen für das nichtsquamöse NSCLC (nsNSCLC) bereits vor und weitere Zulassungen sind zu erwarten. Erst seit Einführung der ICI lässt sich bei einem Teil der Patienten mit metastasiertem NSCLC ein Langzeitüberleben von 3 Jahren und mehr erzielen.
"Hot potato voice" (HPV) is a thick, muffled voice caused by pharyngeal or laryngeal diseases characterized by severe upper airway obstruction, including acute epiglottitis and peritonsillitis. To develop a method for determining upper‐airway emergency based on this important vocal feature, we investigated the acoustic characteristics of HPV using a physical, articulatory speech synthesis model. The results of the simulation were then applied to design a computerized recognition framework using a mel‐frequency cepstral coefficient domain support vector machine (SVM).
Quasi‐experimental research design.
Changes in the voice spectral envelope caused by upper airway obstructions were analyzed using a hybrid time‐frequency model of articulatory speech synthesis. We evaluated variations in the formant structure and thresholds of critical vocal tract area functions that triggered HPV. The SVMs were trained using a dataset of 2,200 synthetic voice samples generated by an articulatory synthesizer. Voice classification experiments on test datasets of real patient voices were then performed.
On phonation of the Japanese vowel /e/, the frequency of the second formant fell and coalesced with that of the first formant as the area function of the oropharynx decreased. Changes in higher‐order formants varied according to constriction location. The highest accuracy afforded by the SVM classifier trained with synthetic data was 88.3%.
HPV caused by upper airway obstruction has a highly characteristic spectral envelope. Based on this distinctive voice feature, our SVM classifier, who was trained using synthetic data, was able to diagnose upper‐airway obstructions with a high degree of accuracy.
2c Laryngoscope, 2018
Based on current guidelines, surgical and nonsurgical therapies are viable frontline treatment for patients with locoregional oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). We sought to compare financial parameters between chemoradiation and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in this patient population.
Case‐control study.
In this study we identified patients with selected American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th Edition stage II to IVa OPC treated with TORS between January 2013 and December 2014. Fifteen patients who underwent TORS were stage matched with 15 patients treated with chemoradiation. Total charges and cost data for each patient were analyzed at 4‐month and 1‐year time points; functional and oncologic outcomes were assessed.
There were no significant differences in functional and oncologic outcomes. Patients undergoing TORS had a longer inpatient hospital stay, and most required a nasogastric tube for an average of 3.5 days. There were no local or regional recurrences. Across all time points, the TORS group had lower charges and costs compared to the chemoradiation group, with 14% lower costs at 1 year. In the chemoradiation group, nearly two‐thirds of costs came from radiation therapy and pharmacy expenses. Chemotherapy accounted for most pharmacy costs. The costs of operating the surgical robot accounted for a about half of surgical costs.
Selected patients with stage II to IVa oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with TORS may incur lower costs than those treated nonsurgically. With rising healthcare spending, the financial impact of treatment might be considered for those patients eligible for treatment regimens with comparable functional and oncologic outcomes.
3b Laryngoscope, 2018
To investigate the simultaneous application of cartilage tympanoplasty combined with eustachian tube (ET) balloon dilatation in the treatment of adhesive otitis media (AdOM).
Multicenter, prospective, double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Patients with AdOM were randomly divided into four groups: control group (conservative treatment), ET balloon dilatation (ETBD) group, cartilage tympanoplasty (CT) group, and cartilage tympanoplasty combined with ET balloon dilatation (ETBD+CT) group. Patients were followed up at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment, receiving otoendoscopy and pure‐tone audiometry, and were evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), visual analogue scale (VAS) for the symptom of ear stuffiness, Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test (COMOT‐15), and eustachian tube scores (ETS).
There was no improvement in tympanic membrane (TM) morphology and mean pure‐tone air‐bone gap (ABG) after treatment in the control and ETBD groups. The postoperative TM morphology was improved in the CT group and ETBD+CT group, although retraction pockets reoccurred in two cases of CT group. Reduced ABG and improvements in ETS, THI, VAS, and COMOT‐15 were all achieved in these two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Cartilage tympanoplasty combined with ET balloon dilatation could be used as an appropriate surgical technique for AdOM, which could relieve the symptoms of tinnitus and ear stuffiness, and improve postoperative TM morphology, hearing level, ET functions, and quality of life, with low incidence of complications.
2 Laryngoscope, 2018
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