An individual's risk factors for melanoma could be used to develop personalized surveillance programs and education about skin self-examination, a new study suggests.
Medscape Medical News
http://ift.tt/2fCLw6d
Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τρίτη 15 Νοεμβρίου 2016
Melanoma: Patient Factors May Personalize Screening
Enhanced formation of Giant cells in common variable immunodeficiency; relation to granulomatous disease
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2016
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Timothy H. Scott-Taylor, Karen Whiting, Ruth Pettengell, David A. Webster
Peripheral monocytes from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) had on average a 2 fold greater tendency to form giant cells in medium without additional cytokines. Giant cell formation was faster and 3 to 5 fold higher in most CVID cells compared to normal. Addition of IL4, GMCSF, IFNγ, TNFa and both T cell and monocyte conditioned media promoted monocyte fusion of some CVID individuals over 5 fold the normal average level, with combinations of cytokines and monokines acting synergistically. The reduction of normal giant cell formation by anti-IFNγ antibody and a greater tendency of CVID cells to fuse in immunoglobulin conditioned media suggests that standard IVIg treatment contributes to granuloma formation. CVID and normal giant cells expressed similar levels of phenotypic molecules and had similar phagocytic activity. Monocytes from many CVID patients have an elevated tendency to fuse which may explain the high incidence of granulomatous complications in CVID.
http://ift.tt/2gdybVE
A heterozygous dominant-negative mutation in the coiled-coil domain of STAT1 is the cause of autosomal-dominant Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2016
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Masahiro Ueki, Masafumi Yamada, Kenta Ito, Yusuke Tozawa, Saeko Morino, Yuho Horikoshi, Hidetoshi Takada, Shimaa Said Mohamed Ali Abdrabou, Shunichiro Takezaki, Ichiro Kobayashi, Tadashi Ariga
Heterozygous dominant-negative mutations of STAT1 are responsible for autosomal-dominant Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (AD-MSMD). So far, only 7 mutations have been previously described and are localized to 3 domains: the DNA-binding domain, the SH2 domain, and the tail segment. In this study, we demonstrated the first coiled-coil domain (CCD) mutation of c.749G>C, p.G250A (G250A) in STAT1 as a genetic cause of AD-MSMD in a patient with mycobacterial multiple osteomyelitis. This de novo heterozygous mutation was shown to have a dominant-negative effect on the gamma-activated sequence (GAS) transcriptional activity following IFN-γ stimulation, which could be attributable to the abolished phosphorylation of STAT1 from the wild-type (WT) allele. The three-dimensional structure of STAT1 revealed the G250 residue was located distant from a cluster of residues affected by gain-of-function mutations responsible for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
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Semantic activation in LSD: evidence from picture naming
Family, N; Vinson, D; Vigliocco, G; Kaelen, M; Bolstridge, M; Nutt, DJ; Carhart-Harris, RL; (2016) Semantic activation in LSD: evidence from picture naming. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience , 31 (10) pp. 1320-1327. 10.1080/23273798.2016.1217030 .
http://ift.tt/2eWEyHA
A proposed methodology for deriving tsunami fragility functions for buildings using optimum intensity measures
Macabuag, J; Rossetto, T; Ioannou, I; Suppasri, A; Sugawara, D; Adriano, B; Imamura, F; Macabuag, J; Rossetto, T; Ioannou, I; Suppasri, A; Sugawara, D; Adriano, B; Imamura, F; Eames, I; Koshimura, S; - view fewer (2016) A proposed methodology for deriving tsunami fragility functions for buildings using optimum intensity measures. Natural Hazards , 84 (2) pp. 1257-1285. 10.1007/s11069-016-2485-8 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2gdqm1Y
Erratum to: A co-design process developing heuristics for practitioners providing end of life care for people with dementia (vol 15, 68, 2016)
Davies, N; Mathew, R; Wilcock, J; Manthorpe, J; Sampson, EL; Lamahewa, K; Iliffe, S; (2016) Erratum to: A co-design process developing heuristics for practitioners providing end of life care for people with dementia (vol 15, 68, 2016). BMC Palliative Care , 15 , Article 77. 10.1186/s12904-016-0148-x . Green open access
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Consensus-based recommendations for the management of juvenile dermatomyositis
Enders, FB; Bader-Meunier, B; Baildam, E; Constantin, T; Dolezalova, P; Feldman, BM; Lahdenne, P; Enders, FB; Bader-Meunier, B; Baildam, E; Constantin, T; Dolezalova, P; Feldman, BM; Lahdenne, P; Magnusson, B; Nistala, K; Ozen, S; Pilkington, C; Ravelli, A; Russo, R; Uziel, Y; van Brussel, M; van der Net, J; Vastert, S; Wedderburn, LR; Wulffraat, N; McCann, LJ; van Royen-Kerkhof, A; - view fewer (2016) Consensus-based recommendations for the management of juvenile dermatomyositis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209247 . (In press). Green open access
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Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology-Children and Adolescents (SONG-Kids): a protocol for establishing a core outcome set for children with chronic kidney disease
Tong, A; Samuel, S; Zappitelli, M; Dart, A; Furth, S; Eddy, A; Groothoff, J; Tong, A; Samuel, S; Zappitelli, M; Dart, A; Furth, S; Eddy, A; Groothoff, J; Webb, NJA; Yap, H-K; Bockenhauer, D; Sinha, A; Alexander, SI; Goldstein, SL; Gipson, DS; Hanson, CS; Evangelidis, N; Crowe, S; Harris, T; Hemmelgarn, BR; Manns, B; Gill, J; Tugwell, P; Van Biesen, W; Wheeler, DC; Winkelmayer, WC; Craig, JC; - view fewer (2016) Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology-Children and Adolescents (SONG-Kids): a protocol for establishing a core outcome set for children with chronic kidney disease. Trials , 17 , Article 401. 10.1186/s13063-016-1528-5 . Green open access
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An international evaluation of cognitive reserve and memory changes in early old age in ten European countries
Cadar, D; Robitaille, A; Clouston, S; Hofer, SM; Piccinin, AM; Muniz-Terrera, G; (2016) An international evaluation of cognitive reserve and memory changes in early old age in ten European countries. Neuroepidemiology (In press).
http://ift.tt/2gdpA58
Summary of ISN Forefronts Symposium 2015: ‘Immunomodulation of Cardio-Renal Function’
Ruan, X; Guan, Y; Liu, Z-H; Eckardt, K-U; Unwin, R; (2016) Summary of ISN Forefronts Symposium 2015: 'Immunomodulation of Cardio-Renal Function'. Kidney International Reports , 1 (3) pp. 156-165. 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.06.007 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2eWEF64
How to increase earthquake and home fire preparedness: the fix-it intervention
Joffe, H; Perez-Fuentes, G; Potts, HWW; Rossetto, T; (2016) How to increase earthquake and home fire preparedness: the fix-it intervention. Natural Hazards 10.1007/s11069-016-2528-1 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2gdqn6a
Interactive prosodic marking of focus, boundary and newness in Mandarin
Wang, B; Xu, Y; Ding, Q; (2017) Interactive prosodic marking of focus, boundary and newness in Mandarin. Phonetica: international journal of phonetic science (In press).
http://ift.tt/2eWEEiw
Sexuality after a cancer diagnosis: A population-based study
Jackson, SE; Wardle, J; Steptoe, A; Fisher, A; (2016) Sexuality after a cancer diagnosis: A population-based study. Cancer 10.1002/cncr.30263 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2gduJuc
Accurately characterizing the importance of wave-particle interactions in radiation belt dynamics: The pitfalls of statistical wave representations
Murphy, KR; Mann, IR; Rae, IJ; Sibeck, DG; Watt, CEJ; (2016) Accurately characterizing the importance of wave-particle interactions in radiation belt dynamics: The pitfalls of statistical wave representations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics , 121 (8) pp. 7895-7899. 10.1002/2016JA022618 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2eWEAiK
Effects of control interventions on Clostridium difficile infection in England: an observational study
Dingle, KE; Didelot, X; Quan, TP; Eyre, DW; Stoesser, N; Golubchik, T; Harding, RM; Dingle, KE; Didelot, X; Quan, TP; Eyre, DW; Stoesser, N; Golubchik, T; Harding, RM; Wilson, DJ; Griffiths, D; Vaughan, A; Finney, J; Wyllie, DH; Oakley, SJ; Fawley, W; Freeman, J; Morris, K; Martin, J; Howard, P; Gorbach, S; Goldstein, EJC; Citron, DM; Hopkins, S; Hope, R; Johnson, AP; Wilcox, MH; Peto, TEA; Walker, AS; Crook, DW; - view fewer (2016) Effects of control interventions on Clostridium difficile infection in England: an observational study. Lancet Infectious Diseases (In press).
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Understanding and Promoting Effective Engagement With Digital Behavior Change Interventions
Yardley, L; Spring, BJ; Riper, H; Morrison, LG; Crane, DH; Curtis, K; Merchant, GC; Yardley, L; Spring, BJ; Riper, H; Morrison, LG; Crane, DH; Curtis, K; Merchant, GC; Naughton, F; Blandford, A; - view fewer (2016) Understanding and Promoting Effective Engagement With Digital Behavior Change Interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 51 (5) pp. 833-842. 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.015 .
http://ift.tt/2eWD5kL
Pulmonary Artery Dissection: A Fatal Complication of Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary artery dissection is extremely rare but it is a really life-threatening condition when it happens. Most patients die suddenly from major bleeding or tamponade caused by direct rupture into mediastinum or retrograde into the pericardial sac. What we are reporting is a rare case of a 46-year-old female patient whose pulmonary artery dissection involves both the pulmonary valve and right pulmonary artery. The patient had acute chest pain and severe dyspnea, and the diagnosis of pulmonary artery dissection was confirmed by ultrasonography and CT angiography. Moreover, its etiology, clinical manifestations, and management are also discussed in this article.
http://ift.tt/2fcKehS
Assigning Functions to Medical Technologies
Abstract
Modern health care relies extensively on the use of technologies for assessing and treating patients, so it is important to be certain that health care technologies (i.e., pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems) perform their professed functions in an effective and safe manner. Philosophers of technology have developed methods to assign and evaluate the functions of technological products, the major elements of which are described in the ICE theory. This paper questions whether the standard of evidence advocated by the ICE theory is adequate for ascribing and assessing technologies employed in health care. The paper proposes that the general problem with the standard of evidence embodied in the ICE theory (i.e., testimony and evidence of mechanisms) is too permissive for assessing medical technologies, in that it does not take into account the relative benefit and harm of medical technologies in ensuring safe functional performance in patients. The paper illustrates how evidence-based medicine (EBM) has demonstrated the value of clinical research methods, including observational studies, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, and formal techniques, such as meta-analysis, to measure therapeutic effectiveness. I argue, therefore, that evidence from clinical research studies should take precedence over the testimonial evidence and other types of non-clinical evidence, in providing justification for health technologies.
http://ift.tt/2eBJXIQ
A Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of IPI-549
Conditions: Advanced Solid Tumors (Part A/B/C/D); Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (Part E); Melanoma (Part E); Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck (Part E)
Interventions: Drug: IPI-549; Drug: Nivolumab
Sponsor: Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Recruiting - verified November 2016
http://ift.tt/2fcMHZn
Interventions: Drug: IPI-549; Drug: Nivolumab
Sponsor: Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Recruiting - verified November 2016
http://ift.tt/2fcMHZn
Cancer Research Repository for Individuals With Cancer Diagnosis, High Risk Individuals, and Individuals With No History of Cancer (Control)
Conditions: Pancreatic Cancer; Thyroid Cancer; Lung Cancer; Esophageal Cancer; Thymus Cancer; Colon Cancer; Rectal Cancer; GIST; Anal Cancer; Bile Duct Cancer; Duodenal Cancer; Gallbladder Cancer; Gastric Cancer; Liver Cancer; Small Intestine Cancer; Peritoneal Surface Malignancies; Familial Adenomatous Polyposis; Lynch Syndrome; Bladder Cancer; Kidney Cancer; Penile Cancer; Prostate Cancer; Testicular Cancer; Ureter Cancer; Urethral Cancer; Hypopharyngeal Cancer; Laryngeal Cancer; Lip Cancer; Oral Cavity Cancer; Nasopharyngeal Cancer; Oropharyngeal Cancer; Paranasal Sinus Cancer; Nasal Cavity Cancer; Salivary Gland Cancer; Skin Cancer; CNS Tumor; CNS Cancer; Mesothelioma; Breastcancer; Leukemia; Melanoma; Sarcoma; Unknown Primary Tumor; Multiple Myeloma; Ovarian Cancer; Endometrial Cancer; Vaginal Cancer
Intervention:
Sponsor: University of Nebraska
Recruiting - verified November 2016
http://ift.tt/2eBO7jO
Intervention:
Sponsor: University of Nebraska
Recruiting - verified November 2016
http://ift.tt/2eBO7jO
The Clinical Efficacy of Topical Nasal Pomegranate Fruit Extract for Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Conditions: Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Nasal Polyps
Intervention:
Sponsors: Hillel Yaffe Medical Center; Gan Shmuel Food LTD. Kibbutz Gan Shmuel. POB HEFER 30010.
Recruiting - verified November 2016
http://ift.tt/2fcPm5t
Intervention:
Sponsors: Hillel Yaffe Medical Center; Gan Shmuel Food LTD. Kibbutz Gan Shmuel. POB HEFER 30010.
Recruiting - verified November 2016
http://ift.tt/2fcPm5t
Association of eosinophilic esophagitis and food pollen allergy syndrome
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Mahboobeh Mahdavinia, Faraz Bishehsari, Waqas Hayat, Ahmed Elhassan, Mary C. Tobin, Anne M. Ditto
http://ift.tt/2fSHbeF
Late-onset bulky naevocytoma of the perineum masquerading as a malignant melanoma
Summary
Bulky naevocytoma of the perineum is a very rare variant of giant congenital melanocytic naevus (GCMN). It presents as a bulky naevocytic tumour in the perineal region with characteristic histological findings, such as extensive areas with a neural appearance called 'lames foliacees', formation of a pseudofollicular structure and extension of naevus cells between collagen bundles in a row called 'Indian-file' pattern. We report a case of late-onset bulky naevocytoma of the perineum in a 13-year-old girl. The patient presented with two bulky, pedunculated, heavily pigmented masses in the vulvar area that developed in a pre-existing GCMN lesion, which began around puberty and caused severe gait disturbance. Given the possibility of malignant transformation, we conducted staged reduction surgery of the tumour masses, which were found to be intradermal naevi without evidence of malignancy. The patient's gait disturbance improved markedly after surgery.
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Multilayered Closure of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea with Inlay Fascia Lata, Autologous Fat, and Outlay Fascia Lata: Our Experience
Background/Aims: Since the initial use in 1981 by Wigand, different endoscopic endonasal surgery techniques have been proposed to close ventral skull base defects, all of which include multilayer closure involving vascularized mucoseptal flaps, autologous grafts, and synthetic materials. These methods are used individually or in combination, as required by the operative condition. Methods: In this study we aimed to describe our endoscopic technique using inlay-outlay fascia lata and autologous fat with fibrin sealant to close spontaneous and traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. Results and Conclusion: Twenty-one CSF rhinorrhea patients were operated with this technique in our hospital. Two patients had large skull base defects and 15 patients had high-flow CSF leaks. We reached a 100% success rate in the first attempt without any long-term recurrence. Multilayered endoscopic closure with this technique offers satisfactory results with minimal morbidity even in large defects and high-flow CSF leaks.
ORL 2016;78:289-295
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ORL 2016;78:289-295
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Forkhead box protein-3 (Foxp3)-producing dendritic cells suppress allergic response
Abstract
Background
The generation of the tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) is not fully understood yet. Forkhead box protein-3 (Foxp3) is an important molecule in the immune tolerance. This study tests a hypothesis that DCs express Foxp3, which can be up regulated by Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).
Methods
The expression of Foxp3 by DCs was evaluated by real time RT-PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.
Results
We observed that mice treated with SEB at 0.25-0.5 μg/mouse showed high frequencies of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-producing CD4+ T cells and TGF-β-producing DCs in the intestine, while the IL-4+ CD4+ T cells and TIM4+ DCs were dominated in the intestine in mice treated with SEB at 1-10 μg/mouse. Treating DCs with SEB in the culture induced high levels of Foxp3 at the TGF-β promoter locus. The function of Foxp3 was blocked by STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator transcription-6); the latter was induced by exposing DCs to SEB in the culture at doses of 100-400 ng/ml. Treating allergic mice with specific immunotherapy (SIT) together with SEB significantly promoted the therapeutic effects on the allergic responses than treating with SIT alone.
Conclusion
DCs have the capacity to express Foxp3, which can be up regulated by exposure to SEB.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Detection of drug-responsive B-lymphocytes and anti-drug IgG in patients with β-lactam hypersensitivity
Abstract
Background
Delayed-type β-lactam hypersensitivity develops in subset of patients. The cellular immunological processes that underlie the drug-specific response have been described; however, little is known about involvement of the humoral immune system. Thus, the aim of this study was to utilize piperacillin hypersensitivity as an exemplar to (1) develop cell culture methods for the detection of drug-specific B cell responses, (2) characterize drug-specific IgG subtypes and (3) assess reactivity of IgG antibodies against proteins modified to different levels with piperacillin haptens.
Methods
IgG secretion and CD19+CD27+ expression on B-cells were measured using ELIspot and flow cytometry, respectively. A Piperacillin-BSA adducts was used as an antigen in ELISA antibody binding studies. Adducts generated using drug:protein different ratios were used to determine the degree of conjugation required to detect IgG binding.
Results
B-cells from hypersensitive patients, but not controls, were stimulated to secrete IgG and increase CD27 expression when cultured with soluble piperacillin. A piperacillin-BSA adduct with cyclized and hydrolyzed forms of the hapten bound to 8 lysine residues was used to detect hapten-specific IgG 1-4 subclasses in patient plasma. Hapten inhibition and the use of structurally unrelated hapten-BSA adducts confirmed antigen specificity. Antibody binding was detected with antigens generated at piperacillin:BSA ratios of 10:1 and above, which corresponded to a minimum epitope density of 1 for antibody binding.
Conclusion
These data show that antigen-specific B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes are activated in piperacillin hypersensitive patients. Further work is needed to define the role different IgG subtypes play in regulating the iatrogenic disease.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Exosomes in Immunoregulation of Chronic Lung Diseases
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized, membrane-bound vesicles released from cells that transport cargo including DNA, RNA, and proteins, between cells as a form of intercellular communication. In addition to their role in intercellular communication, exosomes are beginning to be appreciated as agents of immunoregulation that can modulate antigen presentation, immune activation, suppression and surveillance. This article summarizes how these multifaceted functions of exosomes may promote development and/or progression of chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. The potential of exosomes as a novel therapeutic are also discussed.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Cashew Allergy Risks, 2S albumins, and Predictions based on IgE Antibody Levels
Abstract
We read with great interest the report of Lange et al (1) that studied cashew allergic children and the potential predictive value of cashew 2S albumin storage protein (Ana o 3)-specific IgE measurements in determining the need for an oral cashew challenge to prove disease. They report that IgE antibody levels >2 kUA/l to Ana o 3 improved their prediction (95% probability) of a positive oral food challenge after cashew consumption in comparison to IgE against the whole cashew extract. In other words, increased analytical specificity of molecular Ana o 3-specific IgE testing (2) reportedly translates into an improved diagnostic efficacy and a superior prediction for a positive oral cashew challenge.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Mechanisms of Action That Contribute to Efficacy of Omalizumab in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Abstract
The monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, omalizumab, was the first drug approved for use in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU/CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H1-antihistamine treatment. Omalizumab binds to free IgE, which lowers free IgE levels and causes FcεRI receptors on basophils and mast cells to be downregulated. It has been shown to improve symptoms of CIU/CSU, but its mechanism of action is not currently understood. Potential mechanisms in CIU/CSU include reducing mast cell releasability, reversing basopenia and improving basophil IgE receptor function, reducing activity of IgG autoantibodies against FcεRI and IgE, reducing activity of IgE autoantibodies against an antigen or autoantigen that has yet to be definitively identified, reducing the activity of intrinsically "abnormal" IgE, and decreasing in vitro coagulation abnormalities associated with disease activity. However, none of these theories alone or in combination fully account for the pattern of symptom improvement seen with omalizumab therapy, and therefore, no one mechanism is likely to be the definitive mechanism of action. Additional research is needed to further clarify the involvement of omalizumab in relieving symptoms associated with the complex, multifactorial pathogenesis of CIU/CSU.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Cover Image
The cover image, by Nader Sadeghi et al., is based on the Original Article Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and transoral surgery as a definitive treatment for oropharyngeal cancer: A feasible novel approach, DOI: 10.1002/hed.24526.
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Late-onset Lafora disease with prominent parkinsonism due to a rare mutation in EPM2A
Lynch, DS; Wood, NW; Houlden, H; (2016) Late-onset Lafora disease with prominent parkinsonism due to a rare mutation in EPM2A. Neurology Genetics , 2 (5) , Article e101. 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000101 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2gd3GPm
Biotin in progressive multiple sclerosis – a new lead?
Chataway, J; (2016) Biotin in progressive multiple sclerosis – a new lead? Multiple Sclerosis Journal , 22 (13) pp. 1640-1641. 10.1177/1352458516676387 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2eW4Ppp
Engineering Polarons at a Metal Oxide Surface
Yim, CM; Watkins, MB; Wolf, MJ; Pang, CL; Hermansson, K; Thornton, G; (2016) Engineering Polarons at a Metal Oxide Surface. Physical Review Letters , 117 (11) , Article 116402. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.116402 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2gd0kfv
Robust Sliding Mode Observers for Large Scale Systems with Applications to a Multimachine Power System
Mohamed, M; Yan, X; Spurgeon, SK; Jiang, B; (2016) Robust Sliding Mode Observers for Large Scale Systems with Applications to a Multimachine Power System. IET Control Theory & Applications 10.1049/iet-cta.2016.1204 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2eW9iIJ
DFT study of the coverage-dependent chemisorption of molecular H2 on neutral cobalt dimers
Zeinalipour-Yazdi, CD; (2017) DFT study of the coverage-dependent chemisorption of molecular H2 on neutral cobalt dimers. Surface Science , 656 pp. 54-59. 10.1016/j.susc.2016.10.003 .
http://ift.tt/2eW60Fu
Evaluating and establishing national norms for mental wellbeing using the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS); findings from the Health Survey for England
Ng Fat, L; Boniface, S; Scholes, S; Mindell, J; Steward-Brown, S; (2016) Evaluating and establishing national norms for mental wellbeing using the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS); findings from the Health Survey for England. Quality of Life Research (In press).
http://ift.tt/2gcUQ4j
The relationship between drinking pattern, social capital, and area-deprivation: findings from the Health Survey for England
Ng Fat, L; Scholes, S; Jivraj, S; (2017) The relationship between drinking pattern, social capital, and area-deprivation: findings from the Health Survey for England. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (In press).
http://ift.tt/2gcUNFF
Culture in Theatre Translation: The Case of "Les Fourberies de Scapin" (1671) Translated by Julio Gómez de la Serna / La cultura en la traducción teatral: el caso de la versión de "Les Fourberies de Scapin" (1671) por Julio Gómez de la Serna
García-Escribano, AB; (2016) Culture in Theatre Translation: The Case of "Les Fourberies de Scapin" (1671) Translated by Julio Gómez de la Serna / La cultura en la traducción teatral: el caso de la versión de "Les Fourberies de Scapin" (1671) por Julio Gómez de la Serna. Estudios de Traducción , 6 pp. 9-23. 10.5209/ESTR.53001 .
http://ift.tt/2eWa8p8
Allergy-and-infant-feeding guidelines in the context of resource-constrained settings
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Michael Levin, Ameena Goga, Tanya Doherty, Hoosen Coovadia, David Sanders, Robin J. Green, Sharon Kling
http://ift.tt/2fceR6Y
S2k Guideline for Treatment of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune disease with heterogeneous subtypes. To date, no therapeutic agents have been licensed specifically for patients with this disease entity and topical and systemic drugs are mostly used "off-label". The aim of the present guideline was to achieve a broad consensus on treatment strategies for patients with CLE by a European subcommittee, guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and supported by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). In total, 16 European participants were included in this project and agreed on all recommendations. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment for localized CLE, and further topical agents, such as calcineurin inhibitors, are listed as alternative first-line or second-line topical therapeutic option. Antimalarials are recommended as first-line and long-term systemic treatment in all CLE patients with severe or widespread skin lesions, in particular in patients with a high risk of scarring or the development of systemic disease. In addition to antimalarials, systemic corticosteroids are recommended as first-line treatment in highly active and severe CLE. Second- and third-line systemic treatment include methotrexate, retinoids, dapsone, and mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate acid, respectively. Thalidomide should only be used in selected therapy-refractory CLE patients, preferably in addition to antimalarials. Several new therapeutic options, such as B-cell or interferon alpha targeted agents, need to be further evaluated in clinical trials to assess their efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with CLE.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Leprosy Reactions in Post-elimination stage: the Bangladesh experience
Abstract
Background
Leprosy reactions are immunologically mediated conditions and a major cause of disability before, during and after multidrug therapy. Little data has been published on the epidemiology of leprosy reactions in Bangladesh.
Objectives
To describe the pattern and prevalence of leprosy reactions in the post elimination stage.
Methods
A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Chittagong Medical College Hospital using the registered records of patients the periods between 2004 and 2013.
Results
Of the 670 leprosy patients 488 (73.38%) were males and 182 (27.37%) were females. The prevalence of reaction was 300 (44.78%) with a male: female ratio of 3.55:1. The age specific cumulative reactions cases at >40 years was high 115 (38.33%) among all age groups. The prevalence of reaction was found to be 166 (55.33%) for the reversal reaction, 49 (16.57%) for the erythema nodosum leprosum and 85 (28.33%) for the neuritis. Borderline tuberculoid was the most common 106 (35.33%) group in reversal reaction while lepromatous leprosy was the most common 37 (12.33%) in erythema nodosum leprosum. More than half of the patients 169 (56.33%) had reactions at the time of presentations while 85 (28.33%) and 46 (15.33%) of patients developed reaction during and after multidrug therapy respectively. The reversal reaction group presented with ≥ 6 skin lesions in 96 (57.83%) and ≥ 2 nerves involvement in 107 (64.46%) patients. The erythema nodosum leprosum presented chiefly as papulo-nodular 45 (91.84%) lesions followed by pustule-necrotic 4 (8.16%) lesions, neuritis 33 (67.35%), fever 24 (48.98%), lymphadenitis 6 (12.24%), arthritis 5 (10.20%) and iritis 2 (4.08%). Bacterial index ≥ 3 had been demonstrated in 34 (60.71%) patients of erythema nodosum leprosum.
Conclusion
The incidence of leprosy reaction seemed to be more than three times common in borederline tuberculoid (52.33%) than in lepromatous leprosy (14%). Reactions with nerve function impairment and disability still occur among multibacillary patients during and after multidrug therapy. Early detection and management of leprosy reaction is very important in preventing disability and deformity, and patients should be educated to undergo regular follow-up examinations. Developing reinforced new therapies to curb leprosy reactions is crucial for improving leprosy health care services.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Lymphogranuloma venereum with only proximal rectal involvement mimicking inflammatory bowel disease: a potential diagnostic pitfall
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2 and L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). [1] The incidence of LGV is rising in many Western countries. [2] The most common symptoms of LGV are proctitis and inguinal lymphadenopathy. LGV mimicking inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not a rare condition and has already been described in several reports. [3,4] LGV can affect even more proximal parts of the bowel. [5] Diagnosis of LGV is usually done by positive NAAT for C. trachomatis with subsequent specifying of LGV serovars. [1]
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Nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality rising in susceptible Australians
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a major health problem in Australia and the incidence is steadily increasing (1). However, the age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for the entire population has not increased since 1996 (2). One possible reason for this discrepancy is that the Australian population has greatly changed in the last 30 years with many people at low risk for skin cancer have migrated to Australia (3). Unless an adjustment is made for the population change, the data will show that the ASMR is stabilizing. In this report the crude rate of mortality (CMR) from NMSC is determined for the susceptible population for the census years 1981 to 2011.
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Periodontitis and Risk of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abstract
Background
The association between periodontitis and systemic diseases has been increasingly recognized. However, the data on the association between periodontitis and psoriasis are still limited.
Objectives
To summarize all available data on the association between periodontitis and the risk of psoriasis.
Methods
Two investigators independently searched published studies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to July 2016 using a search strategy that included terms for psoriasis and periodontitis. Studies were included if the following criteria were met: (1) Case-control or cohort study comparing the risk of psoriasis in subjects with and without periodontitis;(2) subjects without periodontitis were used as comparators in cohort studies while participants without psoriasis were used as controls in case-control studies; and (3) effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were provided. Point estimates and standard errors from each study were extracted and combined together using the generic inverse variance technique described by DerSimonian and Laird.
Results
Two cohort studies and three case-control studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio of psoriasis in patients with periodontitis versus comparators was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.35–1.77). The statistical heterogeneity was insignificant with an I2 of 18%. Subgroup analysis according to study design revealed a significantly higher risk among patients with periodontitis with a pooled RR of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.37 – 1.64) for cohort studies and a pooled RR of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.51 – 3.60) for case-control studies.
Conclusions
Patients with periodontitis have a significantly elevated risk of psoriasis.
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Excretory Function of Intestinal Tract Enhanced in Kidney Impaired Rats Caused by Adenine
The main aim of the study was to prove the compensative effect of intestine for renal function. Rat kidney was impaired by intragastrically administrating adenine (400 mg per day for 5 days). Intestinal tract was harvested and equally divided into 20 segments except cecum. Kidneys were harvested and histologically examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining kits. Uric acid, urea (BUN), and creatinine in serum were determined with assay kits, and BUN and creatinine in every intestinal segment were also determined. The results showed that adenine was able to increase uric acid level in serum from μg/mL to μg/mL and cause renal function damage with BUN (from mM to 12. mM) and creatinine (from μM to μM) increasing in serum and with abnormally micromorphological changes in kidney. The amount of BUN and creatinine distributed in intestinal tract was positively correlated with those in blood. In impaired renal function rats, the amount of BUN (from μMole to 10.μMole) and creatinine (from nMole to nMole) distributed in intestinal tract significantly increased. All the results proved that intestinal tract had excretory function compensative for renal function.
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