Antiwrinkle effect of topical adhesive pads on crow's feet: How long does the effect last for?

Summary

Background

Adhesive pads should reduce the action of the local muscle contraction on the skin leading to a decrease in the depth of existing wrinkles and the formation of new dynamic wrinkles.

Aim of the work

This study aims at assessing the antiwrinkles action of adhesive pads during time, and the temporary improvement of facial skin appearance by reducing the vision of linear wrinkles and improving skin elasticity.

Patients and methods

Thirty-nine subjects participated to a placebo-controlled study. In the short-term test, the measurements were taken 15, 30, and 60 minutes following 30 minutes application of the product; in the long-term test, the measurements were taken after wearing pads every night for 4 weeks. The roughness parameter of the skin surface was calculated by using a profilometry software 3D MEX^®.

Results

In the short- and long-term tests, analyzing the average of the elastomeric measurements, no significant change was observed in any of the parameters analyzed after 15, 30, and 60 minutes. The adhesive pad decreased significantly all roughness skin parameters 15 minutes after short-term application and until 60 minutes after long-term application. These changes did not occur in the contralateral untreated zone.

Conclusions

The use of topical adhesive pads improves wrinkles in the crow's feet area in the first hour after use. However, patient self-evaluation indicated that the use of topical adhesive pads for 3 weeks may offer subjective improvement in crow's feet zone over a 2 hour period. Topical adhesive pads are safe to use and tolerable for most users.

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Adipochemokines induced by ultraviolet irradiation contribute to impaired fat metabolism in subcutaneous fat cells

Abstract

Background

Adipose tissue is now appreciated as the pivotal regulator of metabolic and endocrine functions. Subcutaneous (SC) fat, in contrast to visceral fat, may protect against metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation. We demonstrated that chronic as well as acute UV exposure to the skin induces loss of underlying SC fat. UV-irradiated SC fat may produce chemokines or cytokines which modulate lipid homeostasis and secretion of adipokines.

Objectives

We aim to elucidate UV-induced specific adipochemokines implicated in UV-induced modulation of SC fat.

Methods

Primary cultured adipocytes were treated with conditioned media from UV- or sham-irradiated skin cells. Young and old healthy subjects provided SC fat from sun-exposed and sun-protected skin. Another sun-protected skin was irradiated with UV. Differentially expressed adipochemokines were screened by cytokine array, and confirmed in vitro and in vivo. The functions of select adipochemokines involved in lipid metabolism were examined via siRNA-mediated knockdown of cognate receptors.

Results

Specific adipochemokines, including C-X-C chemokines such as ENA-78/CXCL5, and C-C chemokines such as MIP-3α/CCL20 and RANTES/CCL5, were greatly induced in SC fat by UV exposure. They could impair triglyceride synthesis via down-regulation of lipogenic enzymes and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) through their respective cognate receptors, CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR)2, CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)6, and CCR5. In addition, UV irradiation induced infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages responsible for the secretion of several chemokines into SC fat.

Conclusions

These UV-induced adipochemokines may be implicated in the reduction of lipogenesis in SC fat, leading to impairment of fat homeostasis and associated comorbidities such as obesity.

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Is UV-exposure acquired at work the most important risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? Results of the population-based case-control study FB-181

Abstract

Background

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is among the most frequent types of cancer constituting a significant public health burden. Prevention strategies focus on limiting UV-exposure during leisure time. However, the relative impact of occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure for SCC occurrence is unclear.

Objectives

To investigate the association between occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure with SCC in a multicenter population-based case-control study hypothesizing that high occupational UV-exposure increases the risk for SCC.

Methods

Consecutive patients with incident SCC (n=632) were recruited from a German national dermatology network. Population-based controls (n=996) without history of skin cancer were recruited from corresponding residents' registration offices and propensity score matched to cases. Lifetime UV-exposure, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed by trained physicians. Occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure dosages were estimated by blinded investigators using established reference values. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95%-confidence intervals (95%-CI) were assessed using conditional logistic regression adjusting for relevant confounders.

Results

Total solar UV-exposure was significantly associated with an increased SCC. The OR (95%-CI) for high (>90^th percentile) vs. low (<40^th percentile) and moderate (40^th to 60^th percentile) occupational UV-exposure was 1.95 (1.19-3.18) and 2.44 (1.47-4.06) for SCC. Adjusting for occupational UV-exposure non-occupational UV-exposure was not significantly related to SCC incidence. Dose-response relationships were observed for occupational but not for non-occupational solar UV-exposure.

Conclusions

Solar occupational UV-exposure is a major determinant of incident SCC. Our findings indicate that prevention strategies should be further expanded to the occupational setting.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Dupilumab treatment improves quality of life in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Abstract

Background

Dupilumab, a human anti-interleukin-4 receptor α monoclonal antibody, significantly improved clinical signs and symptoms in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial.

Objectives

We evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and correlation of HRQoL with secondary clinical and patient-reported outcomes in a subset of patients from this trial of dupilumab.

Methods

Patients were randomized to 300 mg weekly subcutaneous dupilumab or placebo for 12 weeks (NCT01548404). The QoL Index for AD (QoLIAD) score (exploratory outcome) and its correlation with efficacy outcomes (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI; primary endpoint], SCORing Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD], SCORAD visual analogue scale [VAS] scores for sleep and pruritus, pruritus numerical rating scale [NRS] and 5-dimensional pruritus) were assessed in 64 adults with moderate-to-severe AD.

Results

Mean QoLIAD scores at baseline (± standard error [SE]) were 13.3 (±1.34) and 11.3 (±1.09) for the placebo and dupilumab group, respectively. Dupilumab significantly improved QoLIAD score after 12 weeks of treatment vs. placebo (mean percent change from baseline in QoLIAD score [±SE]: −64.0 [±6.91] vs. –11.1 [±9.31]). Least squares mean % difference from baseline vs. placebo in QoLIAD score (±SE) was −52.0 (±11.43; P<0.0001). QoLIAD scores significantly correlated with changes in efficacy outcomes, including EASI (r=0.4355), 5-dimensional pruritus (r=0.4937), pruritus NRS (r=0.4064), total SCORAD (r=0.5559), and SCORAD VAS scores for sleep (r=0.4681) and pruritus (r=0.5400); all P<0.05.

Conclusions

Dupilumab improved QoLIAD scores in adults with AD and was significantly associated with improvements in study outcomes

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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A novel presentation of Mycobacterium avium complex in a recipient of a lung transplant: a case report

Lung transplantation remains an important potential therapeutic option for end-stage lung disease. It can improve quality of life and in some cases be a life-lengthening therapy. Despite the possible benefits,...

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Neonatal renal and inferior vena cava thrombosis associated with fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: a case report

Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy is a described placental diagnosis associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. It may also predispose children to somatic thromboembolic events. As far as we know, this is the fir...

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Ocular metastasis from breast carcinoma simulating anterior scleritis: a case report

Breast cancer is one of the commonest sources of ocular metastasis. Patients with ocular metastatic disease can present with a variable clinical picture. Patients with a history of breast cancer presenting wit...

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Precisión de la PAAF (punción aspiración con aguja fina) y la TAC (tomografía axial computerizada) en la diferenciación de tumores benignos y malignos de parótida en una serie de casos

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Marina A. Gavín-Clavero, Tomás Usón-Bouthelier, Úrsula M. Jariod-Ferrer, Arancha Fernández-Larrañaga, Bianca Pantilie, Fernando Lobera-Molina, M. Victoria Simón-Sanz, Bartolomé Nadal Cristóbal
IntroducciónLos tumores de parótida, además de la gran diversidad de tipos que existen, son histológicamente complejos. Su diagnóstico preoperatorio, principalmente en cuanto a diferenciar tumores benignos de malignos es importante a la hora realizar un tipo de cirugía u otra. La punción-aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) es una herramienta simple, rápida, y de bajo coste, poco invasiva y bien tolerada, que se usa en el diagnóstico preoperatorio de estos tumores.Material y métodosSensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo de la PAAF y la tomografía computadorizada (TAC) en la diferenciación de tumores benignos y malignos de parótida operados durante los años 2010 a 2014 por el Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial.ResultadosLa sensibilidad de la PAAF es de un 50%, baja, similar a los artículos publicados, mientras que la especificidad es alta, de un 98,7%. La PAAF ofrece una fiabilidad alta en el diagnóstico de tumores malignos, a pesar de su baja sensibilidad. Sin embargo, cuando el diagnóstico es no concluyente, o benigno que no sea adenoma pleomorfo o tumor de Whartin, la fiabilidad para excluir malignidad disminuye.ConclusiónLa baja sensibilidad de la PAAF para diferenciar tumores malignos de benignos en la parótida hace que no podamos dejar de lado otras pruebas diagnósticas, la clínica y sobre todo la visión intraoperatoria de cada cirujano. Sobre todo cuando el diagnóstico es no concluyente. A pesar de esto, es una técnica utilizada de forma sistematizada y que ayuda a tomar decisiones prequirúrgicas.IntroductionParotid tumours, in addition to the wide variety of types, are histologically complex. Differentiating between benign and malignant tumours in preoperative diagnosis is important in deciding the type of surgery required. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, quick, low-cost, low-invasive and well-tolerated tool used in the preoperative diagnosis of these tumours.Material and methodswe calculated the sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC and computed tomography (CT) in the differentiation of benign and malignant parotid tumours operated between 2010 to 2014 in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of the University Hospital Miguel Servet.ResultsThe sensitivity of FNAC is 50%, while the specificity is high, at 98.7%. FNAC offers high reliability in the diagnosis of malignant tumours, despite its low sensitivity. However, when the diagnosis is indeterminate or benign, other than pleomorphic adenoma or Whartin tumour, the reliability to exclude malignancy decreases.ConclusionThe low sensitivity of FNAC to differentiate malignant from benign parotid tumours, means that we cannot rule out other diagnostic tests, clinical symptoms and especially the intraoperative vision of each surgeon. Especially when the diagnosis is indeterminate. Nevertheless, it is a technique used in a systematised way and helps in pre-surgical decision-making.



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Comparison between clinical and audiological results of tympanoplasty with double layer graft (modified sandwich fascia) technique and single layer graft (underlay fascia and underlay cartilage) technique

Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane, termed a type one tympanoplasty is a tried and tested treatment modality. Overlay or underlay technique of tympanoplasty is common. Sandwich Tympanoplasty is the combined overlay and underlay grafting of tympanic membrane.

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Effect of antioxidant supplementation on the auditory threshold in sensorineural hearing loss: a meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Maria Eduarda Di Cavalcanti Alves de Souza, Klinger Vagner Teixeira da Costa, Paulo Augusto Vitorino, Nassib Bezerra Bueno, Pedro de Lemos Menezes
IntroductionHearing loss is conceptualized as any impairment of the ability to hear and/or detect speech or environment sounds, regardless of cause, type, or degree. It may occur at different stages of life; during pregnancy or childbirth, in childhood, adulthood or old age. It should be noted that aging is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss followed by noise-induced hearing loss, and both are closely related to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dietary antioxidant supplementation has been employed as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and/or delay the risks of major human diseases.ObjectiveTo assess randomized clinical trials to determine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the auditory thresholds in patients of different age groups with sensorineural hearing loss.MethodsThis systematic review consisted of a search in the following databases: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO and ClinicalTrials.gov. Additionally, the gray literature was also searched. The search strategy included terms related to the intervention (antioxidant supplementation), primary outcome (sensorineural hearing loss), as well as terms related to randomized clinical trials to improve search sensitivity.ResultsBased on 977 potentially relevant records identified through the search in the databases, ten full-text publications were retrieved for further evaluation. The increase in threshold at the 4kHz frequency was statistically higher in the control group (1.89 [1.01–2.78], p<0.0001) when compared to the NAC group and the ginseng group, whereas at 6kHz, the threshold increase was higher in the control group (1.42 [−1.14–3.97], p=0.28), but no statistically significant differences were found between groups.ConclusionGinseng was the antioxidant agent that showed the best effect in preventing auditory threshold worsening at the frequency of 4kHz, but not at 6kHz in patients with sensorineural hearing loss caused by exposure to high sound pressure levels. There was no improvement in the thresholds with vitamin E supplementation.



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Fusion anomaly of the pancreatic tail and spleen: a case report

Splenopancreatic fusion is a rare anomaly that is often associated with trisomy 13. Its diagnosis can be important in patients scheduled to undergo distal pancreatectomy or splenectomy, to avoid possible intra...

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Ficolin-2 triggers antitumor effect by activating macrophages and CD8+ T cells

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Quanquan Ding, Yanying Shen, Dongqing Li, Juan Yang, Jing Yu, Zhinan Yin, Xiao-Lian Zhang
Ficolin-2 is an important serum complement lectin. Here, we describe novel findings indicating that serum ficolin-2 concentrations in multiple tumor patients are significantly lower than those in healthy donors. Administration of exogenous ficolin-2 or ficolin-A (a ficolin-2-like molecule in mouse), with only once, could remarkably inhibit the tumor cells growth in murine tumor models via early macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8⁺ T cells, but not CD4⁺ T cells. Ficolin-A (FCN-A) knockout (KO) mice exhibits significantly increased tumor cell growth. Ficolin-2 induces macrophage activation, promotes M1 polarization and facilitates proliferation and antigen-specific cytotoxicity of CD8⁺ T cells. Ficolin-2 binds to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophages and DCs and promotes their antigen-presenting abilities to CD8⁺ T cells. Our findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for tumors based on the triggering of immune-mediated antitumor effect by ficolin-2.



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Innovative application of intraoperative laser-assisted fluorescence angiography in resection of an angiosarcoma of the scalp

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Clara M. Olcott, Daniel W. Karakla




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Survival trends in patients with tracheal carcinoma from 1973 to 2011

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Surbhi Agrawal, Christopher Jackson, Karel-Bart Celie, Chetan Dodhia, Daphne Monie, Jose Monzon, Theodor Kaufman, Nicholas J. Hellenthal
PurposeThe prognosis for primary tracheal cancer is dismal. We investigated whether there has been improvement in survival in tracheal cancer patients and how treatment modality affected overall and cancer-specific survival.Materials and methodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1144 patients with tracheal cancer were identified between 1973 and 2011. Patients were stratified by age group, gender, race, tumor histology, and treatment modality. Radical surgery and survival rates based upon these stratifications were determined. Longitudinal analyses of survival and the percentage of patients undergoing surgery and radiation were conducted.ResultsIn the final cohort, 327 tracheal cancer patients (34%) underwent radical surgery. Patients of younger age, female gender, and who presented with non-squamous cell tumors were statistically more likely to undergo surgery. Over time, utilization of radiation has declined while use of radical surgery has increased. Concomitantly, 5-year survival has increased from approximately 25% in 1973 to 30% by 2006. Those who did not have surgery were 2.50 times more likely to die of tracheal cancer (95% Confidence Interval 2.00–3.11, p<0.001) than those who did have surgery. Additionally, patients who underwent radical surgery alone (without adjuvant radiation therapy) were 50% or 19% less likely to die of tracheal cancer than those who underwent no treatment or combination therapy, respectively (both p<0.001).ConclusionsSurvival in patients with tracheal cancer is improving over time. The utilization of radical surgery is increasing and confers the highest survival advantage to patients who are candidates.



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