Immunohistochemical Assessment of BAP1 Protein in Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas

Abstract

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are common malignant salivary gland tumors. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, there has not been much improvement in outcome of these patients, necessitating identification of novel targeted therapeutic agents. Genomic profiling of mucoepidermoid carcinomas has recently revealed aberrations in BAP1 gene. Therefore, we conducted this study to identify BAP1 loss by immunohistochemistry in these tumors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases were retrieved; hematoxylin-and-eosin stained sections were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry for BAP1 was performed. Forty cases were assessed, including 25 salivary gland and 15 pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinomas. There were 19 cases in the parotid (76%), two in submandibular gland (8%), and remaining 16% from minor salivary gland locations. Ten (40%) were low grade, nine (36%) were intermediate grade, and six (24%) were high grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Thirteen (86.7%) pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinomas were tracheobronchial, while two (13.3%) were intraparenchymal; all were low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas. On immunohistochemistry, BAP1 nuclear staining was retained in all cases (100%), irrespective of tumor location or grade. Therapeutic connotations necessitate the identification of readily applicable techniques to detect BAP1 loss in mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Using immunohistochemistry, loss of BAP1 staining was not seen in any of our cases, suggesting insensitivity of BAP1 IHC to detect aberrations at genomic level in these tumors. Analysis of BAP1 alterations by targeted sequencing may therefore be performed prior to excluding the possibility of response to BAP1-targeted therapeutics based on immunohistochemistry alone.

https://ift.tt/2BslOgD

Unilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Rare Presentation of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Abstract

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is postulated to be caused due to a multitude of factors, but a definitive cause is seldom found despite extensive investigations. We present a rare case of sudden SNHL in which central venous thrombosis was found on magnetic resonance imaging. The case highlights the importance of neuroimaging in all cases of sudden SNHL before being labelled as "idiopathic" so that targeted therapy can be given.

https://ift.tt/2QIUxAP

Impact of Classroom Determinants on Psychosocial Aspects of Voice Among School Teachers of Indore, India: A Preliminary Survey

Abstract

Teaching voice is the professional voice; often different in quality from our day-to-day speaking voice, and is supposed to be subjected to vocal abuse, misuse and overuse. This paper aims towards highlighting  the various classroom determinants that may impact teacher's voice and how these impacts can affect the daily activities in terms of functional emotional and psychosocial aspects. To understand the same, a cross sectional prospective study was conducted across eight English medium institutions of Indore (a city in central India) region. The study was carried out in three phases: formulation of a questionnaire, data collection (through administration of the questionnaire and VHI among sixty school teachers) followed by data analysis, to determine whether any association exists between the various classroom determinants and voice impairment. Significant association was found between determinants like teaching experience; number of classes, duration of breaks, use of any alternate method of teaching and alternate use of any amplification device with physical, emotional and functional aspects of life. The findings holistically indicate that various factors within the classroom environment only has a significant bearing on the voice disturbances of a school teacher's life thus deteriorating their quality of life. Thus it is substantial to begin a training programme by speech language pathologists in order to heighten awareness among teachers. After all voice disturbances are a real and treatable condition and with the right amount of training can be avoided.

https://ift.tt/2Bxp2j0

Evaluation of lung transplant perfusion using iodine maps from novel spectral detector computed tomography

p. 436
Nils Große Hokamp, Amit Gupta
DOI:10.4103/ijri.IJRI_35_18  
We report the case of a 51-year-old patient who underwent bilateral lung transplantation and presented with an unstable condition and sepsis 6 days after transplantation. The performed contrast enhanced spectral detector computed tomography (CT) using a dual-layer detector showed absence of perfusion in the left lung on iodine maps, although branches of the pulmonary artery were patent. This prompted retrospective evaluation of CT images and total venous occlusion of the left pulmonary veins was found. Here, iodine maps helped in raising conspicuity of loss of lung perfusion.
http://www.ijri.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect,Coronary artery as the primary source of pulmonary blood flow

Collateral or fistula? Coronary artery as the primary source of pulmonary blood flow in a patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect p. 433
Anurag Yadav, Salil Bhargava, T B S Buxi, Krishna Sirvi
DOI:10.4103/ijri.IJRI_489_17  
In patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD), a coronary artery being the primary source of pulmonary blood flow is a rare entity. We describe two cases of PA/VSD with coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula with emphasis on the role of Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) in depicting all the sources of pulmonary blood supply, to predict surgical management and need for unifocalization of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCA's).
http://www.ijri.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

An accurate tool to detect cardiac amyloidosis

Myocardial nulling pattern in cardiac amyloidosis on time of inversion scout magnetic resonance imaging sequence – A new observation of temporal variability p. 427
Harshavardhan Mahalingam, Binita Riya Chacko, Aparna Irodi, Elizabeth Joseph, Leena R Vimala, Viji Samuel Thomson
DOI:10.4103/ijri.IJRI_84_18  
Context: The pattern of myocardial nulling in the inversion scout sequence [time of inversion scout (TIS)] of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate tool to detect cardiac amyloidosis. The pattern of nulling of myocardium and blood at varying times post gadolinium injection and its relationship with left ventricular mass (LVM) in amyloidosis have not been described previously. Aims: The aim is to study the nulling pattern of myocardium and blood at varying times in TIS and assess its relationship with LVM and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in amyloidosis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 109 patients with clinical suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis who underwent MRI. Of these, 30 had MRI features of amyloidosis. The nulling pattern was assessed at 5 (TIS5min) and 10 (TIS10min) minutes (min) post contrast injection. Nulling pattern was also assessed at 3min (TIS3min) in four patients and 7min (TIS7min) in five patients. Myocardial mass index was calculated. Mann-Whitney U test was done to assess statistical difference in the myocardial mass index between patients with and without reversed nulling pattern (RNP) at TIS5min. Results: RNP was observed in 58% at TIS5minand 89.6% at TIS10min. Myocardial mass index was significantly higher in patients with RNP at TIS5min[mean = 94.87 g/m2; standard deviation (SD) =17.63) when compared with patients with normal pattern (mean = 77.61 g/m2; SD = 17.21) (U = 18; P = 0.0351). Conclusion: In cardiac amyloidosis, TIS sequence shows temporal variability in nulling pattern. Earlier onset of reverse nulling pattern shows a trend toward more LVM and possibly more severe amyloid load.
http://www.ijri.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Gujarati hypertensives

: A cross-sectional study p. 153
Jayesh Dalpatbhai Solanki, Hemant B Mehta, Sunil J Panjwani, Hirava B Munshi, Chinmay J Shah
DOI:10.4103/jpp.JPP_59_18  
Objective: To study the effect of different classes and combinations of antihypertensive agents on arterial stiffness and central hemodynamic parameters. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 446 treated apparently healthy hypertensives. Oscillometric PWA was performed by Mobil-o-Graph (IEM, Germany) to derive cardiovascular parameters that were further analyzed in groups stratified by antihypertensive used. Study parameters were brachial hemodynamics (blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and rate pressure product); arterial stiffness (augmentation pressure, augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, total arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure amplification); and central hemodynamics (central BP, cardiac output, and stroke work). Statistical significance was kept at P < 0.05. Results: All groups were selected by matching of age, gender, and body mass index. They were comparable with major confounding factors. There was no difference between study parameters in hypertensives taking exclusive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), calcium channel blocker (CCB), or angiotensin II receptor blocker. Multitherapy showed better hemodynamics and monotherapy showed better stiffness parameters. Addition of CCB to ACEI did not make a difference except with diastolic BP. For most comparisons, most of the results lacked statistical significance. Conclusion: Discrete PWA parameters showed no class difference in hypertensives, treated by conventional monotherapy or combination, ACEI appears to be the best drug. This also indicates that early diagnosis and blood pressure control are more important than antihypertensive used.
http://www.jpharmacol.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

contrast media-induced nonrenal adverse drug reactions

contrast media-induced nonrenal adverse drug reactions over the last three decades: A systematic review p. 131
Maurizio Sessa, Claudia Rossi, Annamaria Mascolo, Antonella Scafuro, Rosanna Ruggiero, Gabriella di Mauro, Salvatore Cappabianca, Roberto Grassi, Liberata Sportiello, Concetta Rafaniello
DOI:10.4103/jpp.JPP_92_18  
The aim of this study was to investigate the scientific contribution of Italian clinical research for contrast media-induced nonrenal adverse drug reactions over the last three decades. Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Methodology Register were used as data sources to identify Italian descriptive studies, observational studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials assessing contrast media-induced nonrenal adverse drug reactions as a safety outcome. The population of interest was men and women exposed to a contrast medium. Between 1990 and 2017, 24 original articles investigating contrast-induced nonrenal adverse drug reactions were identified. The cohort study was the most representative study design (10/24; 41.7%). The 24 studies were conducted mainly as monocenter studies (14/24; 58.3%) and without receiving funding (17/24; 70.8%). Seventeen out of 24 studies provided a level of evidence ranging from III-2 (11/24; 45.8%) to IV (6/24; 25.0%) on a Merlin scale. In total, 14 of 24 (58.3%) studies were published in a scientific journal ranked in the first quartile of their subject area. The 24 original articles mainly focused on adverse drug reactions already observed during clinical trials (i.e., idiosyncratic systemic reactions). In conclusion, during the last three decades and a burst was not observed in the Italian clinical research investigating contrast-induced nonrenal adverse drug reactions. High-quality clinical research is needed especially for procedures to prevent the onset of the aforementioned events, to identify risk factors, to minimize the risk of their occurrence, and to optimize their related prognosis.
http://www.jpharmacol.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Phosphodiesterase 7B1 as therapeutic target for treatment of cognitive dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis

 p. 126

Arthi Balsundaram, Darling Chellathai
DOI:10.4103/jpp.JPP_77_18  
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, chronic degenerative neuroinflammatory disorder affecting younger age groups of the United States of America and Europe. MS prevalence studies in India have shown that India is no longer a low-risk zone. Many studies have shown the seriousness of cognitive impairments (CIs) and its types caused in MS. In this review, the pathological basis for CI in various stages of MS was reviewed and revealed to provide a basis for the treatment. Role of phosphodiesterase 7B1 (PDE7B1) inhibitors in treating CI related to MS were also stated in this review. The literature for this review was collected from PubMed and Embase.
http://www.jpharmacol.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Intermediate type of Gerbode defect: rare type of the left to right shunt

https://ift.tt/2EClDmW

Clostridium difficile colitis in the setting of subacute thyroiditis: the chicken or the egg

Subacutethyroiditis is a self-limited inflammatory condition commonly of viral aetiology, that manifests through phases of thyroid hormone changes over a 6–8 month period. A 24-year-old active duty military man, undergoing treatment for recurrent Clostridiumdifficile infection, presented for clinical evaluation and was found to have a thyroid stimulating hormone level of 0.003 mg/dL. Further labs revealed a normal T4, elevated T3 at 5.0 pg/mL and elevated C reactive protein at 3.69 mg/L. The patient was followed with monthly labs and the abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine levels resolved after the completion of his C. difficile treatment. While subacute thyroiditis has historically been due to viral causes, rarely do we see this condition associated with an intestinal bacterial source.

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Persistent primitive olfactory artery: a hairpin easy to miss!

https://ift.tt/2EF1T27

Splenectomy for breast carcinoma diffusely metastatic to the spleen presenting as severe transfusion-dependent anaemia and thrombocytopaenia

We report a 48-year-old woman with metastatic infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. Though her metastatic disease remained stable, she was repeatedly admitted for symptomatic anaemia and treated by red blood cell and platelet transfusions with increasing frequency as time elapsed. Abdominal examination and ultrasound revealed splenomegaly (27 cm span). A bone marrow biopsy showed fibrosis and foci of metastatic carcinoma. Splenectomy ameliorated her transfusion-dependent anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. Histopathology revealed multiple foci of metastatic carcinoma and scattered foci of extramedullary haematopoiesis. Differential diagnosis of anaemia and thrombocytopaenia in patients with cancer include bone morrow involvement by cancer cells, iron-deficiency anaemia, microangiopathies and chemotherapy suppression of haematopoiesis. Splenic involvement with cancer is common in patients with multivisceral disease. Many may regard transfusion-dependent severe anaemia and thrombocytopaenia as an end-stage disease in these patients. Nevertheless, palliative splenectomy should be considered in patients with possible hypersplenism who will otherwise survive for a relatively prolonged period of time.

https://ift.tt/2EtOBV6

Role of the body mass index in the genesis of ascites in ovarian cancer: a forensic case and review of the literature

The ovarian tumour is the seventh female cancer for incidence. In the advanced stages of cancer, tumour cells nourish on the peritoneal serous causing carcinomatosis and peritoneal function abnormalities with liquid build-up inside it. Ascites from peritoneal carcinomatosis is common in patients with ovarian cancer. An obese woman suffering from ovarian cancer was found dead in her home from secondary cardio-respiratory arrest due to Multiple Organ Failure (MOF). An autopsy was performed. The abdominal incision showed an ascitic fluid outflow about 20 litres in volume and a flood about one metre and half. An association between obesity and intraperitoneal fluid volume secondary to peritoneal carcinomatosis has been demonstrated. This finding could improve the prognosis of patients through actions aimed to reduce body weight.

https://ift.tt/2EDciej

Prenatal diagnosis of cervical ribs by three-dimensional ultrasound in a foetus with a herniated Dandy-Walker cyst

We present a case report of a foetus with a herniated Dandy-Walker cyst and bilateral rudimentary cervical ribs. The cervical ribs were visualised prenatally by three-dimensional ultrasound and confirmed by post-termination radiography. The prevalence of cervical ribs is higher in deceased fetuses and neonates with or without structural abnormalities compared with healthy individuals and might be regarded as a marker of disadvantageous fetal development. We demonstrate that evaluation of the fetal vertebral pattern by three-dimensional ultrasonography, including the cervical region, is feasible and could provide valuable information regarding fetal and neonatal prognosis.

https://ift.tt/2EtOqco

Complication of dislodged gastrostomy Foley catheter: antegrade migration into small bowel

A 65-year-old man with dysphagia underwent placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. He was cared for at a nursing facility where the tube became dislodged and was replaced with similar size Foley catheter. Patient was brought to the hospital with dislodged feeding Foley but none was found at the bedside. Diagnostic workup revealed antegrade migration of the catheter into the small bowel. Push enteroscopy was unsuccessful in retrieving the catheter because it was too far distal. Patient was observed for a total of 7 days. Due to lack of progress with conservative measures, a colonoscopy was performed to extract the catheter, thus avoiding the need for more invasive surgical measures. If a Foley catheter is used as a gastrostomy tube, it should be replaced with a dedicated feeding tube as quickly as possible and should always be affixed to the skin to prevent antegrade migration and associated complications.

https://ift.tt/2EDp8JU

Immune cell infiltration as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of stage I–III colon cancer

Abstract

Tumour-infiltrating immune cells are a source of important prognostic information for patients with resectable colon cancer. We developed a novel immune model based on systematic assessments of the immune landscape inferred from bulk tumor transcriptomes of stage I–III colon cancer patients. The "Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)" algorithm was used to estimate the fraction of 22 immune cell types from six microarray public datasets. The random forest method and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model were then used to establish immunoscores for diagnosis and prognosis. By comparing immune cell compositions in samples of 870 colon cancer patients and 70 normal controls, we constructed a diagnostic model, designated the diagnostic immune risk score (dIRS), that showed high specificity and sensitivity in both the training [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.98, p < 0.001] and validation (AUC 0.96, p < 0.001) sets. We also established a prognostic immune risk score (pIRS) that was found to be an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in every series (training: HR 2.23; validation: HR 1.65; entire: HR 2.01; p < 0.001 for all), which showed better prognostic value than TNM stage. In addition, integration of the pIRS with clinical characteristics in a composite nomogram showed improved accuracy of relapse risk prediction, providing a higher net benefit than TNM stage, with well-fitted calibration curves. The proposed dIRS and pIRS models represent promising novel signatures for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of colon cancer.

https://ift.tt/2S7EhpN

Comparative evaluation of different doses of intravenous dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in geriatric patients undergoing spine surgeries: A prospective, double-blind study

Ravi Kumar Keshri, Mukesh Kumar Prasad, Amit Kumar Choudhary, Gurdeep Singh Jheetay, Yashowardhan Singh, Kali Kapoor

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):897-902

Background: Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 (α2)-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been used to blunt the hemodynamic response associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, which is a common concern for the anesthesiologist, especially in high-risk patients and geriatric age group. Aim and Objectives: The current study is to evaluate and compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine in controlling hemodynamic response during tracheal intubation in geriatric patients. Materials and Methods: After getting approval from the Ethical Committee, 90 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status Classes I and II, aged ≥60 years, were randomly assigned into three groups: Group I (normal saline, n = 30), Group II – dexmedetomidine (0.50 μg/kg, n = 30), and Group III – dexmedetomidine (1.00 μg/kg, n = 30). Dexmedetomidine was infused for 10 min before induction. Data were recorded as before infusion (T0), at the end of infusion (T1), before tracheal intubation (T2), at the moment of tracheal intubation (T3) 5 min after tracheal intubation (T4), and 10 min after tracheal intubation (T5). Modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale score was observed at the time of T0 and T1. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 22. Results: Mean systolic blood pressure was statistically significantly (P < 0.05) more among Group I compared to Group II and III at T2, T3, and T4. Mean heart rate (HR) value was significantly (P < 0.05) more among Group I compared to Group III from T1 to T5, whereas there was no significant change in HR between Group I and Group II and at T4 and T5 h was comparable in Group II and Group III. Conclusion: This study concluded that more acceptable hemodynamic changes were seen with 0.50 μg/kg dexmedetomidine when compared with 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine during intubation. A lower dose besides being cost-effective is also free of side effects associated with the higher dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine.

https://ift.tt/2EwgWKh

Comparison between multisite infiltration analgesia versus adductor canal block for pain management in total knee arthroplasty: A prospective study

AV Gurava Reddy, Mohammed Shafeekh, Sukesh Rao Sankineani, Khubchand Jhakotia, Muralidhar Sagi, Deepesh Daultani, Vishesh Khanna, Krishna Kiran Eachempati

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):774-777

Background: Severe acute postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may cause significant morbidity to patients. Recent techniques such as peripheral nerve blocks have shown promising hope in providing appropriate pain control without systemic side effects. Adductor canal block (ACB) and multisite infiltration analgesia (MIA) are two techniques that are proven to be effective individually. Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of ACB versus MIA in postoperative analgesia and functional recovery after unilateral knee arthroplasty. Settings and Design: A prospective study was conducted between July 2016 and December 2016 involving 200 patients undergoing unilateral TKA. Materials and Methods: Patients were either administered MIA (Group I, n = 100 patients) or ACB (Group II, n = 100 patients). All the patients were assessed for severity of pain by visual analog scale (VAS) at 8, 24, and 48 h postoperatively and knee range of motion (ROM) at 48 h after surgery. Statistical Analysis: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 19.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: Patients who received MIA showed significantly better VAS scores 8, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Furthermore, this subset of patients showed a marginally better ROM postoperatively. However, there was no difference number of patients requiring rescue analgesia for breakthrough pain or technique-related problems between both groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MIA is a safe technique that provides effective analgesia at 8, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. This leads to faster rehabilitation compared to ACB in patients undergoing TKA.

https://ift.tt/2EBOvLX

Endocavitary versus linear array high-frequency probe in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular subclavian vein central access

Maged Labib Boules

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):873-878

Background: Vascular access is a top priority in the critically ill patients. Cannulation – venous and/or arterial – is the first step in any emergency situation. Ultrasound (US)-guided vascular cannulation was found to have a higher success rate and a decreased incidence of mechanical complications as compared with the landmark one. Aim: This study aims to compare subclavian vein (SCV) access through supraclavicular (SC) approach by endocavitary (EC) probe technique versus linear array high-frequency probe technique. Settings and Design: A prospective, randomized controlled study conducted on 60 patients. Patients and Methods: Study was carried out on 60 adult patients presenting for the surgical intensive care unit in Fayoum University Hospital. Patients were classified into two groups: Group (A) (n = 30): Catheter was inserted using the EC probe and Group (B) (n = 30): Catheter was inserted using the linear array high-frequency probe. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test was applied for calculation of normally distributed variables and Mann–Whitney U-test for nonnormally distributed variables. Categorical data between the groups were compared using Chi-squared test. P < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. Results: The frequency of successful cannulation of the SCV at first attempt was significantly higher in Group A compared to Group B (P = 0.044). The number of attempts and the time needed for venous access were significantly lower in Group A compared to Group B (P = 0.038, <0.001 respectively). No significant difference was found regarding the incidence of posterior wall puncture, arterial puncture, or hematoma, (P = 0.671, 0.055, 1 respectively). Conclusion: The use of EC probe technique for Subclavian venous access through the SC approach significantly increased the success rate compared to the linear array high-frequency probe.

https://ift.tt/2EuLKv5

Intravenous low dose fentanyl versus lignocaine in attenuating the hemodynamic responses during endotracheal intubation: A randomized double-blind study

Ranjithkumar R Thippeswamy, Supreeth R Shetty

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):778-785

Background: The laryngotracheal stimulation is known to cause reflex sympathoadrenal response with a marked increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Arrhythmias can be precipitated. The harmful nature of this response has been noted in patients at risk. Therefore, it is important to find an effective means of attenuating sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. The present study is undertaken to determine the efficacy of intravenous low dose fentanyl (2 μg/kg) and lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) in attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous low dose fentanyl (2 μg/kg) versus lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) in attenuating the hemodynamic responses during endotracheal intubation. Settings and Design: This was double-blinded randomized controlled study. Materials and Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, a total of 90 patients, with the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status I and II scheduled for elective surgeries, were selected randomly and divided into three groups of 30 each. The general anesthesia technique was standardized for all three groups as follows: Group 1 (control-received normal saline), Group 2 (Lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg), and Group 3 (Fentanyl 2 μg/kg). Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded preinduction, postinduction and 1,3,5,7, and 10 min after endotracheal intubation. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive data presented as mean ± standard deviation and in percentage. Multiple group comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA followed by unpaired "t" test for pairwise comparison. "P" <0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The fentanyl group showed significantly lesser rise (26%) in heart rate compared to lignocaine (33%) (P = 0.018) and control group (42.5%) (P = 0.000). The lignocaine group showed lesser rise in systolic blood pressure (14.5%) compared to control group (20%) (P = 0.000) at intubation. The fentanyl group showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure after administration, which came back to normal at 7 min following intubation and again decreased 10 min after intubation. Conclusion: Lignocaine and fentanyl both attenuated the rise in heart rate, though fentanyl was better. Lignocaine attenuated the rise in blood pressure with intubation whereas fentanyl prevented it totally. Of the two drugs low dose fentanyl 2 μg/kg i. v. bolus provides a consistent, reliable, and effective attenuation as compared to lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg i. v. bolus.

https://ift.tt/2ECXaO6

A comparative study of transversus abdominis plane block versus quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia following lower abdominal surgeries: A prospective double-blinded study

G Dilip Kumar, N Gnanasekar, Pranjali Kurhekar, T Krishna Prasad

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):919-923

Context: Traditional truncal blocks are devoid of visceral analgesia. Quadratus lumborum (QL) block has shown greater efficacy in providing the same. Aims: This study was done to compare the efficacy of transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block versus QL block in providing postoperative analgesia for lower abdominal surgeries. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Subjects and Methods: Seventy adult patients were randomly allocated into two groups, where Group A received TAP block with 20 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine on each side (n = 35) and Group B received QL block with 20 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine on each side (n = 35). The time of block, duration of surgery, Numerical Pain Intensity Scale (NPIS) score at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 24th postoperative hours, and the total analgesic drug requirements were noted and compared between the two groups. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 (IBM corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) with independent t-test and Chi-square test as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The time for first analgesic requirement was 243.00 ± 97.36 min and 447.00 ± 62.52 min and the total analgesic consumption (morphine in mg) was 5.65 ± 1.55 and 3.25 ± 0.78 in Group A and Group B, respectively, both of which were statistically significant (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in postoperative pain scores (NPIS scale 0–10) at rest, between the two groups, up to 16 h. Conclusions: Patients who received QL block had a significant improvement in postoperative pain relief with reduced consumption of opioids.

https://ift.tt/2Es3IhT

Erratum: Assessment of relationship between vitamin D deficiency and pain severity in patients with low back pain: A retrospective, observational study

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):970-970



https://ift.tt/2EvfdF5

Evaluation and comparison of clonidine and dexmedetomidine for attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation: A randomized controlled study

Sana Yasmin Hussain, Abhijit Karmarkar, Dhruv Jain

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):792-796

Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are noxious stimuli which evoke a transient but marked sympathetic response. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists attenuate the sympathoadrenal responses by inhibiting noradrenaline release. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine and clonidine on cardiovascular response resulting from laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Settings and Design: This was a prospective randomized controlled study carried out in the operating room. Materials and Methods: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I and II patients were randomly allocated into three groups, that is, Group C (clonidine 2 μg/kg), Group D (dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg), and Group S (normal saline) infused over 10 min. Blood pressures – systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded after drug administration and intubation at subsequent intervals. Statistical Analysis Used: Quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA test (with post hoc Bonferroni correction for intragroup comparison). Qualitative data were analyzed using Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP were lower in Group C and D compared to Group S at all times measured. HR was significantly lower in Group D compared to Group C after drug infusion. At 1 min after intubation, SBP and MAP were lower in Group D compared to Group C. At 3, 5, and 10 min after intubation, SBP, DBP, and MAP were lower in Group D compared to Group C. Conclusion: There was significant reduction in hemodynamic response by dexmedetomidine and clonidine as compared to controls. Furthermore, attenuation of the pressor response to intubation was better following premedication with dexmedetomidine than with clonidine.

https://ift.tt/2EzRC7j

Comparison of nebulized ketamine with nebulized magnesium sulfate on the incidence of postoperative sore throat

Sivakumar Segaran, Arish T Bacthavasalame, Ranjan R Venkatesh, Mamie Zachariah, Sagiev Koshy George, Ravichandran Kandasamy

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):885-890

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a known complication following general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. Its incidence ranges from 21% to 65% and remains the eighth most undesirable postoperative event. Various measures have been tried to decrease the incidence of sore throat with various success rates. Aim: This study aimed at reducing the incidence of POST with ketamine and magnesium sulfate nebulization. Settings and Design: This study is a prospective randomized, double-blinded study. Materials and Methods: After Institutional Ethics Committee approval and written informed consent, 80 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups to receive magnesium sulfate 250 mg in 5 ml saline in Group A and ketamine 50 mg in 5 ml saline nebulization in Group B before the start of general anesthesia. All patients received standard anesthesia protocol. After extubation, all patients were enquired about the incidence and severity of sore throat at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare hemodynamic variables and Chi-square test to compare the incidence and severity of sore throat. Results: There were no differences in the demographic profile, duration of laryngoscopy, time taken to intubate, and duration of surgery between the two groups. The incidence and severity of sore throat were significantly decreased in ketamine group at 4 and 6 h when compared to magnesium sulfate group. Conclusion: Nebulization with ketamine 50 mg significantly decreases the incidence of POST when compared to magnesium sulfate 250 mg.

https://ift.tt/2EwaPpp

A prospective study on operation theater utilization time and most common causes of delays and cancellations of scheduled surgeries in a 1000-bedded tertiary care rural hospital with a view to optimize the utilization of operation theater

Shraddha Vidyadhar Naik, Vithal Krishna Dhulkhed, Rewa Hemant Shinde

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):797-802

Background: The operation theater (OT) complex is a costly component of a hospital budget expenditure. This area of hospital activity requires maximum utilization to ensure optimum cost benefit. To achieve a high level of utilization in the OT, it is necessary to efficiently coordinate number of activities and personnel. Methods: This study was conducted in a 1000-bedded tertiary care teaching hospital in rural maharashtra over aperiod of two months. The OT complex consists of eight major OTs. Normal working hours for routine scheduled cases on all working days except Sundays and public holidays. Results: Total study period consisted of 96 working days. There were a total of eight OT tables of various specialties, and parameters were observed during the routine hours excluding Sundays and holidays. The total procedure time was maximum for ENT followed by orthopedics and least for obstetrics. Room turnover time was maximum for obstetrics followed by general and oncosurgery. Case delays were maximum in general surgery and least for ophthalmology. The most common reason for delay in starting the operation table was patient getting shifted late from the ward and administrative causes. The most prominent reasons for cancellation were lack of operating room time followed by medical reasons of the patient. Conclusion: We concluded that most of the causes of delays and cancellations of surgeries were avoidable with proper preoperative planning and optimization of patients and resources and good communication between surgeon anesthesiologists and the nursing staff.

https://ift.tt/2EFUKym

Practice pattern of fresh gas flow and volatile agent choices among anesthesiologists working in different Indian hospitals: An online survey

Mayank Kumar, Mamta Sinha, Habib Md Reazaul Karim, Chinmaya Kumar Panda, Subrata Kumar Singha

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):907-913

Background: Fresh gas flow (FGF) during volatile inhalational agent-based anesthesia is a concern for many reasons. Advancement in anesthesia workstation (WS) and monitoring of anesthesia gas concentrations has led to the feasibility of lower flow safely. However, the practice pattern is not yet well known. The information can help us in better protocol formation. Aim: The survey was aimed to know the prevailing practice pattern of FGF and volatile agent choices and compare them among anesthesiologists of different working setups and experiences. Materials and Methods: With approval, the present cross-sectional survey was conducted using SurveyMonkey® software from January 2018 to May 2018. Anesthesiologists working in different organizations across India were approached through E-mail and WhatsApp. Anonymous responses were collected, expressed in number and percentage scale, as well as compared using INSTAT software and appropriate tests; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 251 (15.2%) responses were received and 249 were analyzed. Overall, 87% of respondents were using anesthesia WS and 71% were using nitrous oxide as balance gas. The FGF of <600 mL/min was highest with desflurane. Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) monitoring was very poor in nonteaching (NT) hospitals as compared to teaching hospitals; P < 0.0001. The Boyle's machine was more common in use in NT hospitals as compared to medical colleges and corporate hospitals; P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Low-flow anesthesia (LFA) use is still suboptimal, and there are ample opportunities to increase and optimize the FGF used. The use of Boyle's machine is associated with higher flow use. MAC monitoring and LFA use are poor in NTs.

https://ift.tt/2EwmMeY

The effect of intravenous dexamethasone on intraoperative and early postoperative pain in lumbar spine surgery: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Mamta Sharma, Shikha Gupta, Shobha Purohit, Amit Kumar Goyal

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):803-808

Background: The surgical procedures of spine are generally associated with intense pain in the postoperative period. Opioids are commonly used for perioperative analgesia but are associated with many side effects. Co-analgesic drugs are used to decrease these side effects. One such supplemental drug is dexamethasone. Its strong anti-inflammatory effect contributes to perioperative analgesia. Aim: This study was done to evaluate the effect of intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone on intraoperative and early postoperative pain in lumbar spine surgery. Settings and Design: This was a hospital-based randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, done between June 2016 and December 2016 after permission of institutional ethical committee. Materials and Methods: This Study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery, and randomization was done in two groups. Group A (study) received dexamethasone 2 ml (8 mg) i.v. and Group B (control) received 2 ml normal saline. Anesthesia technique and rescue analgesia regimen were standardized. Intraoperative pain was assessed by hemodynamic variability and postoperative pain by verbal rating score. All the quantitative data were analyzed using Student's t-test and all the qualitative data using Chi-square test. Results: Heart rate in the control group was significantly higher than the study group during intraoperative period. Mean pain scores in the early postoperative period were significantly higher in control group than the study group (P < 0.001). Mean time of first rescue analgesic in the postoperative period was 149.17 min and 34.33 min in the study group and control group, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that administration of 8 mg of preoperative i.v dexamethasone was effective in reducing intraoperative and early postoperative pain in the lumbar spine surgery.

https://ift.tt/2EElQ8S

Tunneling does not prevent dislodgment of epidural catheters: A randomized trial

Hussein Y Abukhudair, Esam N Farhoud, Khalid M Abufarah, Abdullah T Obaid, Ola A Yousef, Aqel M Aloqoul

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):930-936

Background: Epidural analgesia is preferred in postoperative pain control, but dislodgment is a major factor for failure. Tunneling is well known to control displacement of catheters. In this study, we evaluated if we can depend on tunneling in preventing dislodgment of epidural catheters. Aims: The aim is to study if tunneling is effective and safe in reducing the rate of epidural catheters' dislodgment. Setting and Design: The study was carried out at a single tertiary cancer center. The trial was parallel, simple randomized, controlled, and single blind. Allocation of treatments was generated using random number tables. Subjects and Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing major surgeries were randomized. Epidural catheters were affixed to the skin through subcutaneous tunneling to a length of 5 cm or using standard adhesive tape without tunneling. Patients were on follow-up for 6 days postsurgery according to policy. Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Student t-test was used for continuous variables. Results and Conclusion: A total of 200 patients were randomized, 92 patients received tunneled catheters and 108 received nontunneled catheters. Patients were between 20 and 85 years; 63% were male. The mean days of epidural analgesia were similar in both groups (2.7 compared to 2.5 days). About 7.6% of epidurals were dislodged in the tunneled group compared to 10.2% in the nontunneled group (P = 0.699). No differences were identified in the incidence of pain or adverse events between the groups. Tunneling did not improve the rates of dislodgment in epidural catheters. There were no safety concerns associated with tunneling epidural catheters.

https://ift.tt/2Evfd83

Pantoea dispersa it the next emerging “monster” in our intensive care units? A case report and review of literature

Mridul Panditrao, Minnu Panditrao

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):963-966

Hospital-acquired infections and their consequences are the main cause of morbidity/mortality in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. It becomes interesting when an unusual and uncommon microorganism is found to be the causative agent, rather than the known commensals and opportunists. We present such a case, when a multiparous female, in post lower uterine segment cesarean section period presented with fulminant septic shock, hepatic failure, coagulopathy, and ventilator-associated pneumonitis. The organism grown in the tracheal secretions turned out to be an uncommon, unusual Gram-negative Coccobacillus by the name of Pantoea dispersa, resistant to almost all the conventional antimicrobial agents. In spite of all the efforts, the patient could not be saved. However, the case has opened up a virtual "Pandora's box" of questions. Are these microorganisms, known plant pathogens, really harmful to humans? Are they commensals or virulent opportunists? Are we once again on the way to a new "Acinetobacter," like near-epidemic? This is an attempt to try and find some insight about this presently uncommon and not well known genus of Pantoea! We have tried to trace and review the related available literature in the clinical medicine.

https://ift.tt/2Ewmzsc

Topographic sonoanatomy of infraclavicular brachial plexus: Variability and correlation with anthropometry

Abhyuday Kumar, Ajeet Kumar, Chandni Sinha, Chhavi Sawhney, Rajnish Kumar, Debesh Bhoi

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):814-818

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound in analyzing topographic relationship of nerve cords with axillary artery at lateral infraclavicular level, their variations, and the distance from the skin and to correlate findings with anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients aged 18–75 years were enrolled for the study after informed written consent. A 7–12 MHz linear ultrasonic transducer was used for scanning of the brachial plexus at lateral infraclavicular fossa. The results of the cord positions were expressed on a 12-section pie chart, and the number of arteries and veins was reported. Measurements included the vertical distance from the upper part of the artery to the skin, diagonal distance to the apical corner of the ultrasound image, and distances from center of cords to the center of artery. Age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, and biceps girth were recorded. Data were expressed as mean with standard deviation or frequency and percentage for categorical variables, and statistical analysis was done using correlation analysis and two-sample t-test. Results: The most frequent positions of the cords were observed in 2–4 sections (92%) for the medial cord, 6–7 sections (92%) for the posterior cord, 10–11 sections (89%) for the lateral cord, and 4–5 sections (95%) for the axillary vein. More than one axillary vein was seen in 12.5% and two axillary arteries were seen in 1.5% of cases. Cord visibility and distance between artery and apical corner of the ultrasound image correlated with anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: A topographical study of brachial plexus at lateral infraclavicular fossa showed anatomical variations and abnormal vascular formations. This sonoanatomic knowledge can be helpful in improving safety and success of nerve blocks.

https://ift.tt/2EDi4Nm

Effect and safety of labor epidural analgesia with intermittent boluses of 0.1% bupivacaine with fentanyl on fetal and maternal outcomes and wellbeing

Rajesh Kesavan, Sunil Rajan, Lakshmi Kumar

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):769-773

Background: Labor analgesia has been shown to have few undesirable effects on the course and outcome of the labor as well as on the fetal well-being. Aims: This study aims to assess neonatal outcome following lumbar epidural analgesia with intermittent boluses of 0.1% bupivacaine with fentanyl. The secondary objectives included assessment of maternal analgesia, complications, and outcome of labor. Setting and Design: Prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute. Subjects and Methods: Sixty-three patients for labor epidural analgesia were recruited. Epidural catheter was inserted in L4–L5 or L3–L4 interspace. After confirmation of the position of catheter, 3 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with 20 μg of fentanyl made to 15 mL was administered. After 30 min, efficacy of analgesia was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). The same bolus dose was repeated after 90 min if the patient complained of pain. A maximum of five top-up doses were allowed. Statistical Test Used: Mean and standard deviation, number and percentage Results: After 30 min of first bolus dose, 93.3% had VAS score of <4. More than 90% patients had adequate analgesia till 4th epidural bolus. During contraction stress test, only two fetuses had late deceleration. About 80% and 98.3% newborns had Apgar of >7 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. Umbilical cord blood pH was ≥7.1 in 98.3% neonates with base excess of >−12. 58.3% delivered normally, 23.3% had instrumental vaginal delivery, and 18.3% required cesarean section. Conclusion: Lumbar epidural analgesia with 0.1% bupivacaine with fentanyl provides optimal neonatal outcome, labor analgesia, and labor outcome.

https://ift.tt/2EtSWHP

Clinical audit on the practice of documentation at preanesthetic evaluation in a specialized university hospital

Yophtahe B Woldegerima, Semira D Kemal

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):819-824

Background: Performing preanesthetic evaluation, documenting, and keeping readily accessible record are responsibilities of anesthetists. Documentation can improve overall patient outcome. It also has an irreplaceable role in medico-legal aspects. Documentation is one of the challenges of providing quality care. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of documentation practice during preanesthetic visits. Materials and Methods: This clinical audit was conducted in the University of Gondar Hospital. Predefined 22 practice quality indicators were prepared according to modified global quality index. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 122 preanesthetic evaluation tools (PAETs) were reviewed. None of PAETs found fully completed according to the indicators. Trends differ between elective and emergency conditions. Indicators with high completion rate (>90%) were signed a consent, medical history, history of medication, allergy, anesthesia and surgery, cardiopulmonary examination, airway examination, preoperative diagnosis, and planned procedure. Anesthetic plan, vital signs, a name, per-oral status, premedication, and age were found with below average (<50%) completion rate. Conclusions: Documentation practice during the preanesthetic visit was below the standard. Unclear instructions should be replaced with standardized contents. Providing regular trainings on clinical documentation for students and staffs, and introducing modern electronic-based documentation system and preanesthetic clinics may improve the practice.

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Comparison between colloid preload and coload in bone cement implantation syndrome under spinal anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial

Ayca T Dumanlı Özcan, Elvin Kesimci, Cemile Altın Balcı, Orhan Kanbak, Hülya Kaşıkara, Abdulkadir But

Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 2018 12(4):879-884

Background: Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is characterized by hypoxia hypotension cardiac arrest. There is not any research that investigated the hemodynamic effects of colloid use during and before cement implantation regarding BCIS development. Aims: We aimed to compare the effects of colloid preloading before or coloading simultaneously at cement implantation on BCIS development and hemodynamic parameters in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Settings and Design: This is a prospective, randomized, clinical trial with the participation of 109 patients over 60 years of age and patients physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists Classes I and II to undergo knee surgery. The patients were administered spinal anesthesia, divided into three groups. Subjects and Methods: The patients in Group I were infused 8 mL/kg hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) 20 min before the cement implantation, those in Group II were infused the same simultaneously during cement implantation. Group III was infused 8 mL/kg/h sodium chloride during the anesthesia management. Hemodynamic parameters of the patients were recorded at before and after cement implantation and once the tourniquet was removed. Statistical Analysis Used: The descriptive statistics were presented as the mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables, as the median for nonnormally distributed variables, and as the number of cases and (%) for nominal variables. Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used in the analysis of categorical variables. Results: Compared to the control group, Groups I and II were hemodynamically more stable. The development of moderate hypoxia during cement implantation was significantly different between the study groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that avoiding intravascular volume depletion by using the colloids, particularly in elderly patients, is important for preventing from the BCIS.

https://ift.tt/2EstvX0

In vitro antioxidant activity and solar protection factor of blackberry and raspberry extracts in topical formulation

Abstract

Background

Berries are known for their antioxidant activity due to the presence of flavonoids. Antioxidants' usage guarantees skin protection against free radicals and, flavonoids, especially, can act as sunscreen. The aim of this paper was to evaluate solar protection factor (SPF) and antioxidant activity in vitro of blackberry and raspberry extracts incorporated in topical formulation and study their stability.

Results

Raspberry presented 29.93 mg of anthocyanins/100 g of fruit and blackberry 65.58 mg of anthocyanins/100 g of fruit. In vitro solar protection factor was 54.57 to blackberry and 37.32 to raspberry. When incorporated in O/W emulsions, final formulations showed light pink color, creamy aspect, and typical fruity odor. Formulations submitted to indirect light and stove showed odor and color alterations.

Conclusions

Based on the results, formulations containing extracts should be kept under refrigeration in opaque package to ensure stability due to the presence of flavonoids. In addition, blackberry and raspberry extracts are potential natural alternatives to be used as sunscreen and to prevent skin aging.

https://ift.tt/2rMaAPj

Congenital Hypothyroidism due to Oligogenic Mutations in Two Sudanese Families

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2ClLygh

National Trends in Incidence, Mortality, and Clinical Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Thyrotoxicosis With and Without Thyroid Storm in the United States, 2004–2013

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2SZ57R4

Clinical Applicability of Low Levels of Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies as Cutoff Point for Thyroglobulin Autoantibody Positivity

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2CmPJZa

Incidence of Neonatal Hyperthyroidism Among Newborns of Graves' Disease Patients Treated with Radioiodine Therapy

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2SZ4ZB4

Regeneration of a Bioengineered Thyroid Using Decellularized Thyroid Matrix

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2CmyJCn

Correction to: Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality After Treatment of Hyperthyroidism with Either Radioactive Iodine or Thyroidectomy by Ryödi E, Metso S, Huhtala H, Välimäki M, Auvinen A, and Jaatinen P. Thyroid 2018;28:1111–1120. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0461

Thyroid, Volume 28, Issue 12, Page 1731-1731, December 2018.


https://ift.tt/2SWlfTq

Decreased Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Titer in Response to Selenium Supplementation in Autoimmune Thyroiditis and the Influence of a Selenoprotein P Gene Polymorphism: A Prospective, Multicenter Study in China

Thyroid, Volume 28, Issue 12, Page 1674-1681, December 2018.


https://ift.tt/2CmyBCT

Future Meetings

Thyroid, Volume 28, Issue 12, Page 1729-1730, December 2018.


https://ift.tt/2SYqphM

A New Model for Congenital Vestibular Disorders

Abstract

Many developmental disorders of the inner ear are manifested clinically as delayed motor development and challenges in maintaining posture and balance, indicating involvement of central vestibular circuits. How the vestibular circuitry is rewired in pediatric cases is poorly understood due to lack of a suitable animal model. Based on this, our lab designed and validated a chick embryo model to study vestibular development in congenital vestibular disorders. The developing inner ear or "otocyst" on the right side of 2-day-old chick embryos (E2) was surgically rotated 180° in the anterior–posterior axis, forming the "anterior–posterior axis rotated otocyst chick" or ARO chick. The ARO chick has a reproducible pathology of a sac with truncated or missing semicircular canals. A sac is the most common inner ear defect found in children with congenital vestibular disorders. In E13 ARO chicks, the sac contained all three cristae and maculae utriculi and sacculi, but the superior crista and macula utriculi were shortened in anterior–posterior extent. Also, the number of principal cells of the tangential vestibular nucleus, a major avian vestibular nucleus, was decreased 66 % on the rotated side. After hatching, no difference was detected between ARO and normal chicks in their righting reflex times. However, unlike normal chicks, ARO hatchlings had a constant, right head tilt, and after performing the righting reflex, ARO chicks stumbled and walked with a widened base. Identifying the structure and function of abnormally developed brain regions in ARO chicks may assist in improving treatments for patients with congenital vestibular disorder.

https://ift.tt/2QZyJjV

☆Comparison of transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound with video laryngoscope for assessing the vocal cord mobility in patients undergoing thyroid surgery

We evaluated the accuracy and feasibility of transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography as an alternative to videolaryngoscopy for assessing vocal cord mobility to rule out recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following thyroidectomy.

https://ift.tt/2SY017l

Objective and subjective sinonasal and pulmonary outcomes in aspirin desensitization therapy: A prospective cohort study

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) patients are challenging to manage with sinonasal and pulmonary symptoms refractory to maximal medical and surgical therapies. Our objective was to comprehensively examine objective and validated, disease-specific subjective sinonasal and pulmonary outcomes of aspirin (ASA) desensitization therapy in this patient population.

https://ift.tt/2Clz9cg

TNF-α Inhibitor-Induced psoriasis: A decade of experience at the Cleveland Clinic

TNF-induced psoriasis is a well-known reaction associated with TNF-α inhibitors and our 102-patient cohort revealed similarities to other published cohorts. Topical medications controlled disease more often than in other cohorts, suggesting dermatologists should be involved in treating patients with TNF-induced psoriasis; Cyclosporine may represent an underutilized TNF-induced psoriasis treatment.

https://ift.tt/2QCgmCa

Wide area digital dermoscopy

https://ift.tt/2Euk0GX

Tumor mutational burden and response to PD-1 inhibitors in a case series of patients with metastatic desmoplastic melanoma

Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) represents an infrequently occurring and distinct histologic pattern of melanomas, often lacking mutations in genes typically altered in conventional melanomas including BRAF, NRAS, and KIT.We aimed at better characterizing the genetic profile of this subgroup of melanomas to match patients with available therapies.Pathology reports were reviewed for 1,240 consecutive melanoma cases sequenced by comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) using a hybrid-capture based next generation sequencing during the course of clinical care.

https://ift.tt/2EEZ14Y

Superior effect of MP-AzeFlu than azelastine or fluticasone propionate alone on reducing inflammatory markers

MP-AzeFlu, intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) and fluticasone propionate (FP), is superior to AZE or FP alone for treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the precise anti-inflammato...

https://ift.tt/2rLMVyJ

Serum periostin levels in adults of Chinese descent: an observational study

Periostin has been shown to be a marker of Type 2 airway inflammation, associated with airway eosinophilia. It has a potential role in identifying asthmatics who may be responsive to treatment with monoclonal ...

https://ift.tt/2Lp2nK7

Review of cold-induced urticaria characteristics, diagnosis and management in a Western Canadian allergy practice

Cold-induced urticaria is a significant condition, especially among young females. Despite the morbidity of this disease, studies that fully characterize the disease are limited.

https://ift.tt/2rLnvkC

Functional outcomes in early (T1/T2) supraglottic cancer: a systematic review

Organ preserving surgery (OPS) and radiotherapy (RT) are both accepted treatment options for early stage supraglottic cancer (SGC). Radiation has supplanted surgery in most cases, because of the perception tha...

https://ift.tt/2S8CaC9

A New Model for Congenital Vestibular Disorders

Abstract

Many developmental disorders of the inner ear are manifested clinically as delayed motor development and challenges in maintaining posture and balance, indicating involvement of central vestibular circuits. How the vestibular circuitry is rewired in pediatric cases is poorly understood due to lack of a suitable animal model. Based on this, our lab designed and validated a chick embryo model to study vestibular development in congenital vestibular disorders. The developing inner ear or "otocyst" on the right side of 2-day-old chick embryos (E2) was surgically rotated 180° in the anterior–posterior axis, forming the "anterior–posterior axis rotated otocyst chick" or ARO chick. The ARO chick has a reproducible pathology of a sac with truncated or missing semicircular canals. A sac is the most common inner ear defect found in children with congenital vestibular disorders. In E13 ARO chicks, the sac contained all three cristae and maculae utriculi and sacculi, but the superior crista and macula utriculi were shortened in anterior–posterior extent. Also, the number of principal cells of the tangential vestibular nucleus, a major avian vestibular nucleus, was decreased 66 % on the rotated side. After hatching, no difference was detected between ARO and normal chicks in their righting reflex times. However, unlike normal chicks, ARO hatchlings had a constant, right head tilt, and after performing the righting reflex, ARO chicks stumbled and walked with a widened base. Identifying the structure and function of abnormally developed brain regions in ARO chicks may assist in improving treatments for patients with congenital vestibular disorder.

https://ift.tt/2QZyJjV

Undiagnosed hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a case report

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is indicated for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients who have a very high or prohibitive surgical risk as assessed pre-procedurally by the Society of Thoracic ...

https://ift.tt/2rKqE49

Holiday Safety Tips For Your Family

The holidays are here! What an exciting time of the year for kids and adults alike! Holidays are for enjoying with family and friends. Many of us decorate our homes and offices to cherish the holiday feeling with trees, signs, lights and candles. People like me who love to travel also use some of the days off to travel with family and see places or visit loved ones. To ensure you have a safe, healthy and happy holiday season, here are some tips to keep in mind as you deck out your home and/or travel:

Holiday Decoration:                                 

• When selecting an artificial tree, holiday ornaments or decorations, look for 'non-combustible,' 'flame-resistant' or 'fire-resistant' products.
• When selecting a live tree, check for freshness. The needles of the tree should be hard to pull from branches and the tree should not lose many needles when the tree is tapped on the ground. Keep the trees in sturdy stands with water. I have seen many injuries that happen when trees kept in an unsteady base topple over small children who are playing near the trees.  Keep trees away from heating sources such as room heaters and fireplaces. Dry trees pose a fire hazard.
• Christmas lights in and outside houses are sources for residential fires if they are not installed properly. With indoor lights, make sure there are no frayed wires, broken sockets or loose connections. Use only 'outdoor' certified lights to decorate around the house. Remember to plug them into circuits with ground fault circuit interrupters to avoid potential shocks. Always turn these lights off when you leave home or go to bed.
• Based on data from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA), an estimated 240 home fires involving Christmas trees and another 150 home fires involving holiday lights and other decorative lighting occur each year. Together, these fires result in an average of 21 deaths and about $25.2 million in direct property damage every year.
• If you have small children, try to avoid decorations that are sharp, breakable or if they have loose parts that can pose a choking hazard. Avoid trimmings that resemble candy or other edible products.
• When discarding wrappings of décor or gifts, put them away from small children, heaters or fireplaces because these can become suffocation hazards or catch fire.

Holiday Gifts and Toys:

• Select toys to suit the age, abilities, skills and interest level of the intended child. Remove strings and ribbons from the packages before giving them to small children. Toys with strings that are more than 12-inches in length pose as strangulation hazard for little kids. Teach your children to read and follow instructions before using the gifts.
• Greeting cards, remote controls, small toys and electronic gadgets often contain button batteries. Children can have serious stomach and intestinal problems – including death – after swallowing button batteries and magnets.
• Young children can choke on small parts contained in toys or games. Government regulations specify that toys for children under age three cannot have parts less than 1 1/4 inches in diameter and 2 1/4 inches long.

Holiday Travel:

• Your normal travel preparation should include your child's regular prescription medications, any OTC meds you might want to keep handy, nebulizers or an Epi-pen that you might need. Keep these in your carry–on luggage if you are flying. And don't forget your little ones' favorite toy or blanket! It is as vital to them as your cell phone is to you!
• If you are leaving your child home with a caretaker, be sure to leave all emergency contact info, the phone number for your child's pediatrician and the Poison Control number (1-800-222-1222). Do not forget to give a release form authorizing the caretaker to seek emergency medical care for your child if necessary.
• Remember that the homes and hotel rooms you visit may not be childproofed. Unlocked cabinets, unattended purses, accessible cleaning or laundry products, stairways or hot radiators are common danger spots in hotels that parents should keep an eye out for.  With little children, look out for any swimming pools, access to balconies, open fireplaces, freely available hard candies and uncovered electrical sockets.
• Travel tends to disrupt the child's usual routine and increase their stress level. Try to stick to their normal feeding and nap times as much as possible.

Holiday Food Safety:

• Keep hot liquids and foods away from the edges of counters and tables, where they can be easily knocked over by a young child's exploring hands.
• Keep raw foods and cooked foods separately, and use separate utensils when preparing them. Fully cook the meats and poultry, and thoroughly wash raw fruits and vegetables. For foods requiring refrigeration, do not leave them at room temperature for over two hours.
• Clean up immediately after a holiday party. A toddler could rise early and choke on leftover food or come in contact with alcohol or tobacco.
• Holiday time is around the same time of the year when flu and other common viral respiratory illnesses peak. Practice good hand washing for adults and children.

 

Twinkling lights, warm fires, softly glowing candles, a dazzling Christmas tree and excited little faces waiting for Santa Claus…no wonder this is my most favorite time of the year, like it is for many of you. What we don't want is our festivities being disrupted by a preventable accident.  Have a safe and joyous holiday season!

The post Holiday Safety Tips For Your Family appeared first on ChildrensMD.

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Reply to Vallee: Different questions for different data [Social Sciences]

Vallée (1) argues that "daily changes in neighborhood social composition" should be taken into account when analyzing social isolation. We agree that changes in neighborhoods' compositions are important and have been largely omitted from research on neighborhood effects and activity spaces. We take this opportunity to clarify an issue and...

https://ift.tt/2rSowrr

Reply to Gronwald et al.: Exercise intensity does indeed matter; maximal oxygen uptake is the gold-standard indicator [Biological Sciences]

There is no doubt that Gronwald et al.'s (1) message that exercise intensity does matter is true; however, we must respectfully disagree with their claim that the exercise intensity in our study (2) was not actually "very light." Unlike most interventions in the field, with laboratory (pedaling) exercise testing, the...

https://ift.tt/2LmPfoV

Urban isolation and daytime neighborhood social composition from Twitter data [Social Sciences]

In a recent paper in PNAS, Wang et al. (1) investigate the key question of urban isolation in light of daily mobility. Urban isolation may actually be mitigated by individuals spending much of their everyday lives in neighborhoods where social composition and urban opportunities widely diverge from their home neighborhoods....

https://ift.tt/2rSopfv

Increasing exercise’s effect on mental health: Exercise intensity does matter [Biological Sciences]

Suwabe et al. (1) composed a well-written and interesting study examining the relationship between mild exercise and hippocampal memory function. It is interesting that the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the effects of exercise are systematically investigated. A prominent finding was that a short bout (10 min) of mild exercise increased...

https://ift.tt/2LmPiRD

Correction to Supporting Information for Fan et al., External light activates hair follicle stem cells through eyes via an ipRGC-SCN-sympathetic neural pathway [SI Correction]

NEUROSCIENCE Correction to Supporting Information for "External light activates hair follicle stem cells through eyes via an ipRGC–SCN–sympathetic neural pathway," by Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan, Yi-Ting Chang, Chih-Lung Chen, Wei-Hung Wang, Ming-Kai Pan, Wen-Pin Chen, Wen-Yen Huang, Zijian Xu, Hai-En Huang, Ting Chen, Maksim V. Plikus, Shih-Kuo Chen, and Sung-Jan Lin,...

https://ift.tt/2rJGiwH

Inherent auditory skills rather than formal music training shape the neural encoding of speech [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]

Musical training is associated with a myriad of neuroplastic changes in the brain, including more robust and efficient neural processing of clean and degraded speech signals at brainstem and cortical levels. These assumptions stem largely from cross-sectional studies between musicians and nonmusicians which cannot address whether training itself is sufficient...

https://ift.tt/2LmC2MA

Leucine-rich repeat extensin proteins regulate plant salt tolerance in Arabidopsis [Plant Biology]

The perception and relay of cell-wall signals are critical for plants to regulate growth and stress responses, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that the cell-wall leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRX) 3/4/5 are critical for plant salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. The LRXs physically associate with the RAPID ALKALINIZATION...

https://ift.tt/2rGlFBC

Constitutive boost of a K+ channel via inherent bilayer tension and a unique tension-dependent modality [Physiology]

Molecular mechanisms underlying channel-membrane interplay have been extensively studied. Cholesterol, as a major component of the cell membrane, participates either in specific binding to channels or via modification of membrane physical features. Here, we examined the action of various sterols (cholesterol, epicholesterol, etc.) on a prototypical potassium channel (KcsA). Single-channel...

https://ift.tt/2LsHxtu

Itinerant ferromagnetism of the Pd-terminated polar surface of PdCoO2 [Physics]

The ability to modulate the collective properties of correlated electron systems at their interfaces and surfaces underpins the burgeoning field of "designer" quantum materials. Here, we show how an electronic reconstruction driven by surface polarity mediates a Stoner-like magnetic instability to itinerant ferromagnetism at the Pd-terminated surface of the nonmagnetic...

https://ift.tt/2rIGign

Phosphorylation cascade regulates the formation and maturation of rotaviral replication factories [Microbiology]

The rotavirus (RV) genome is replicated and packaged into virus progeny in cytoplasmic inclusions called viroplasms, which require interactions between RV nonstructural proteins NSP2 and NSP5. How viroplasms form remains unknown. We previously found two forms of NSP2 in RV-infected cells: a cytoplasmically dispersed dNSP2, which interacts with hypophosphorylated NSP5;...

https://ift.tt/2SWLN6S

Tissue-specific contributions of Tmem79 to atopic dermatitis and mast cell-mediated histaminergic itch [Physiology]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disease in children. It is characterized by relapsing inflammation, skin-barrier defects, and intractable itch. However, the pathophysiology of itch in AD remains enigmatic. Here, we examine the contribution of Tmem79, an orphan transmembrane protein linked to AD in both mice and humans....

https://ift.tt/2LpwG3s

Quantitative conformational profiling of kinase inhibitors reveals origins of selectivity for Aurora kinase activation states [Biochemistry]

Protein kinases undergo large-scale structural changes that tightly regulate function and control recognition by small-molecule inhibitors. Methods for quantifying the conformational effects of inhibitors and linking them to an understanding of selectivity patterns have long been elusive. We have developed an ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence methodology that tracks structural movements of...

https://ift.tt/2rL45MK

Synergistic neuroprotection by coffee components eicosanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide and caffeine in models of Parkinson's disease and DLB [Neuroscience]

Hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is a characteristic neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The catalytic subunit of the specific phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that dephosphorylates α-synuclein, is hypomethylated in these brains, thereby impeding the assembly of the active trimeric...

https://ift.tt/2Lqn2xb

ALS mutations of FUS suppress protein translation and disrupt the regulation of nonsense-mediated decay [Biochemistry]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by preferential motor neuron death. Approximately 15% of ALS cases are familial, and mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene contribute to a subset of familial ALS cases. FUS is a multifunctional protein participating in many RNA metabolism pathways....

https://ift.tt/2rL4iQ2

Fiber-associated spirochetes are major agents of hemicellulose degradation in the hindgut of wood-feeding higher termites [Microbiology]

Symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in wood-feeding higher termites (family Termitidae) is a two-step process that involves endogenous host cellulases secreted in the midgut and a dense bacterial community in the hindgut compartment. The genomes of the bacterial gut microbiota encode diverse cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes, but the contributions of host...

https://ift.tt/2SWLPf0

Cooperative assembly of a four-molecule signaling complex formed upon T cell antigen receptor activation [Biochemistry]

The T cell antigen receptor encounters foreign antigen during the immune response. Receptor engagement leads to activation of specific protein tyrosine kinases, which then phosphorylate multiple enzymes and adapter proteins. One such enzyme, phospholipase-Cγ1, is responsible for cleavage of a plasma membrane lipid substrate, a phosphoinositide, into two second messengers,...

https://ift.tt/2LnC334

Structural and effective brain connectivity underlying biological motion detection [Neuroscience]

The perception of actions underwrites a wide range of socio-cognitive functions. Previous neuroimaging and lesion studies identified several components of the brain network for visual biological motion (BM) processing, but interactions among these components and their relationship to behavior remain little understood. Here, using a recently developed integrative analysis of...

https://ift.tt/2PIFwd7

Probing the mechanism of inhibition of amyloid-{beta}(1-42)-induced neurotoxicity by the chaperonin GroEL [Biophysics and Computational Biology]

The human chaperonin Hsp60 is thought to play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease by mitigating against intracellular β-amyloid stress. Here, we show that the bacterial homolog GroEL (51% sequence identity) reduces the neurotoxic effects of amyloid-β(1–42) (Aβ42) on human neural stem cell-derived neuronal cultures. To understand the...

https://ift.tt/2rL3Uky

Two distinct profiles of fMRI and neurophysiological activity elicited by acetylcholine in visual cortex [Neuroscience]

Cholinergic neuromodulation is involved in all aspects of sensory processing and is crucial for processes such as attention, learning and memory, etc. However, despite the known roles of acetylcholine (ACh), we still do not how to disentangle ACh contributions from sensory or task-evoked changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)....

https://ift.tt/2LpxiGj

Coiled-coil 1-mediated fastening of the neck and motor domains for kinesin-3 autoinhibition [Biophysics and Computational Biology]

In kinesin-3, the coiled-coil 1 (CC1) can sequester the preceding neck coil (NC) for autoinhibition, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we determined the structures of the uninhibited motor domain (MD)-NC dimer and inhibited MD-NC-CC1 monomer of kinesin-3 KIF13B. In the MD-NC-CC1 monomer, CC1 is broken into two...

https://ift.tt/2UTpLDP

Obituary

https://ift.tt/2Cm9xMt

Organ-preservation (chemo)radiotherapy for T4 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer: is the effort worth?

Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to analyze the oncological and functional outcomes of chemoradiation for T4 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.

Methods

Patients treated between 2008 and 2015 with chemoradiation (n = 39) were retrospectively analyzed for oncological and functional (laryngo-esophageal dysfunction-free survival, LED-FS) outcomes and compared with 32 consecutive patients treated primarily with total laryngectomy (TL). LED was scored as event in case of local failure, TL for any reason, persistent tracheotomy and/or feeding tube dependency 2 years after chemoradiation.

Results

The 5-year local control (LC) rates in the chemoradiation and TL groups were 64 and 87%, respectively (p = 0.030). The disease-free survival was 54 and 59% (p = 0.810), and overall survival (OS) was 46 and 47% (p = 1.00). In the chemoradiation group, the 5-year cumulative incidence of LED-FS was 46%, but was significantly worse in patients with poor pre-treatment laryngeal function, compared to those without (20% and 74%, respectively, p = 0.001). Furthermore, patients with LED have significantly worse OS compared to those without (32% and 65%, respectively, p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis showed that primary treatment type is significantly predictive for LC, while tumor site and extra-capsular extension were predictive for OS. Poor pre-treatment laryngeal function is the only significant predictive factor for LED.

Conclusions

TL resulted in significantly better LC, as compared to chemoradiation in T4 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients and the LED-FS is worse in patients with poor pre-treatment laryngeal function. These patients might benefit more from primary treatment with TL followed by radiotherapy. These issues should be taken into consideration, as patients are counseled about different primary treatment options.

https://ift.tt/2STOmqc

Hidradenitis suppurativa of the nape: Description of an atypical phenotype related to severe early‐onset disease in men

Abstract

Some patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) develop severe inflammatory lesions of the nape. Through a single‐center, cross‐sectional study with a total of 377 patients, we sought to compare patients with and without nape involvement, to determine whether disease severity is greater in these patients and to describe their clinical characteristics. Thirty patients (90% male) were identified as having nape involvement. Patients with versus without nape involvement had greater disease severity, earlier disease onset, a family history of HS, lower body mass, and higher Dermatological Life Quality Index and pain scores. Amongst them, involvement of the trunk and gluteal regions predominated. A significant univariate relationship existed between patients with nape involvement and male sex, early disease onset, family history, scalp and gluteal involvement, Canoui‐Poitrine phenotypes II and III, and Dowling–Degos disease. A significant multivariate relationship existed with early disease onset, Dowling–Degos disease, and phenotypes II and III.

https://ift.tt/2USXa1k

Evaluation of tooth wear and associated risk factors: A matched case–Control study p. 1607 C Atalay, G Ozgunaltay DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_203_18 Aim: The aim of this case–control study was to compare the associated risk factors between adults with tooth wear (TW) and age- and sex-matched controls without TW. Methods: Fifty participants with TW and 50 age- and sex-matched controls participated in this study. A questionnaire was prepared to assess oral healthcare and consumption of erosive food and drinks. All participants completed the diet analysis forms. Saliva characteristics were evaluated with GC Saliva-Check BUFFER test. Examiners measured the TW of case patients, using the TW index. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P < 0.05). Results: Individuals in the case group brush their teeth more often (P < 0.05). The difference in erosive food consumption between the case and control groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was no erosive

Evaluation of tooth wear and associated risk factors: A matched case–Control study p. 1607
C Atalay, G Ozgunaltay
DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_203_18  
Aim: The aim of this case–control study was to compare the associated risk factors between adults with tooth wear (TW) and age- and sex-matched controls without TW. Methods: Fifty participants with TW and 50 age- and sex-matched controls participated in this study. A questionnaire was prepared to assess oral healthcare and consumption of erosive food and drinks. All participants completed the diet analysis forms. Saliva characteristics were evaluated with GC Saliva-Check BUFFER test. Examiners measured the TW of case patients, using the TW index. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P < 0.05). Results: Individuals in the case group brush their teeth more often (P < 0.05). The difference in erosive food consumption between the case and control groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was no erosive effect of acidic food when consumed as a main meal or a snack (P > 0.05). Although there was no difference between stimulated saliva flow rate and buffering capacity between groups, the difference between the resting saliva flow rates and pH values was significant (P < 0.05). Although some wear was seen on buccal/labial surfaces of teeth, cervical and occlusal/incisal surfaces were scored higher. No TW was observed on palatal/lingual surfaces. The cervical surfaces of mandibular premolars and incisal surfaces of anterior teeth were most affected. Conclusion: Of the factors investigated, TW in the case group was correlated with consumption of acidic foods, lower salivary flow rate, and pH.
http://www.njcponline.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Anal melanoma: Outcomes of current surgical approaches p. 1622 S Kaya, M Kement, YE Altuntas, O Altin, A Seker, S Mazmanoglu, L Kaptanoglu, N Bildik, HF Kucuk DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_254_18 Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with anal melanoma (AM), who underwent surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Kartal Training and Research Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017. All patients, who underwent surgical resection with a diagnosis of AM, were enrolled. Results: A total of 10 patients were examined, 8 of them were females, and their average age was 69.2 years (range, 47–85 years). Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was performed in five (50%) patients, and local excision (LE) was performed in other five (50%) patients. Three patients (30%) had stage I disease, two (20%) had stage II disease, and five (50%) had stage III disease. All five patients in APR group had stage III disease

Anal melanoma: Outcomes of current surgical approaches p. 1622
S Kaya, M Kement, YE Altuntas, O Altin, A Seker, S Mazmanoglu, L Kaptanoglu, N Bildik, HF Kucuk
DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_254_18  
Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with anal melanoma (AM), who underwent surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Kartal Training and Research Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017. All patients, who underwent surgical resection with a diagnosis of AM, were enrolled. Results: A total of 10 patients were examined, 8 of them were females, and their average age was 69.2 years (range, 47–85 years). Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was performed in five (50%) patients, and local excision (LE) was performed in other five (50%) patients. Three patients (30%) had stage I disease, two (20%) had stage II disease, and five (50%) had stage III disease. All five patients in APR group had stage III disease. In the comparison of the survival period after surgery, the mean survival period of the APR group was 6.2 months (range, 1–16 months) while that of the LE group was 19.6 months (range, 7–43 months). Conclusion: LE with adjuvant radiation seems to offer good locoregional control without reducing the survival and may be an option of treatment for patients with small, superficial AM. However, APR should be offered for patients with locally advanced disease or as a salvage following recurrence.
http://www.njcponline.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in rosai dorfman disease of the orbit in a 12-year-old male p. 1670 E Ezeanosike, OB Ezeanosike, SI Akpan, CN Ezisi DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_262_17 Extranodal Rosai–Dorfman disease involving the orbit has been reported severally with extensive discourse on management strategies. However, rhabdomyoblastic differentiation coexisting with the disease is yet unreported. We present the clinical and histopathological features of a 12-year-old boy presenting with both. A 12-year-old boy was referred to our Ophthalmic Plastic Surgical Service with a 5-year history of bilateral, progressively enlarging eyelid, orbital masses causing proptosis, and severe cosmetic blemish. He had suffered vision loss to the right eye following trauma 2 years prior to the onset of the disease. Computed tomography of the orbits revealed preseptal and intraorbital components of well-defined multi-lobulated masses in both orbits. No significant nodal involvement was noted. He unde

Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in rosai dorfman disease of the orbit in a 12-year-old male p. 1670
E Ezeanosike, OB Ezeanosike, SI Akpan, CN Ezisi
DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_262_17  
Extranodal Rosai–Dorfman disease involving the orbit has been reported severally with extensive discourse on management strategies. However, rhabdomyoblastic differentiation coexisting with the disease is yet unreported. We present the clinical and histopathological features of a 12-year-old boy presenting with both. A 12-year-old boy was referred to our Ophthalmic Plastic Surgical Service with a 5-year history of bilateral, progressively enlarging eyelid, orbital masses causing proptosis, and severe cosmetic blemish. He had suffered vision loss to the right eye following trauma 2 years prior to the onset of the disease. Computed tomography of the orbits revealed preseptal and intraorbital components of well-defined multi-lobulated masses in both orbits. No significant nodal involvement was noted. He underwent excision biopsy of the tumor in both eyes performed 1 month apart. A histopathologic diagnosis of the Rosai–Dorfman disease with focal areas of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation was made. He was treated postoperatively with a course of oral steroids with close observation for the rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Rosai–Dorfman disease is an uncommon disease and has been reported to coexist with other pathologies. We highlight focal myoblastic differentiation within the excised tissues which may not necessarily warrant a diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Long-term follow-up of this patient is required to establish the safety of observation.
http://www.njcponline.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Recurrent oral squamous papilloma in a pediatric patient: Case report and review of the literature p. 1674 OO Orenuga, Oluwo A, RT Oluwakuyide, AB Olawuyi DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_407_17 Squamous papillomas are common lesions of the oral mucosa. They are benign proliferating lesions often painless, slow growing and with a cauliflower appearance. However, its clinical appearance which sometimes mimics exophytic carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma or condyloma acuminatum raises concern when it occurs in the oral cavity. Squamous papilloma occurs predominantly in 30- to 50-year old's. However, they may be seen in children <10 years and accounted for 8% of all oral tumors in children. There is no sex predilection. It has a predilection for the tongue and soft palate, but may occur on any other surface of the oral cavity. Oral squamous papillomas have been associated with infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The present report is a case of a recurrent squamous papilloma of the hard pal

Recurrent oral squamous papilloma in a pediatric patient: Case report and review of the literature p. 1674
OO Orenuga, Oluwo A, RT Oluwakuyide, AB Olawuyi
DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_407_17  
Squamous papillomas are common lesions of the oral mucosa. They are benign proliferating lesions often painless, slow growing and with a cauliflower appearance. However, its clinical appearance which sometimes mimics exophytic carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma or condyloma acuminatum raises concern when it occurs in the oral cavity. Squamous papilloma occurs predominantly in 30- to 50-year old's. However, they may be seen in children <10 years and accounted for 8% of all oral tumors in children. There is no sex predilection. It has a predilection for the tongue and soft palate, but may occur on any other surface of the oral cavity. Oral squamous papillomas have been associated with infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The present report is a case of a recurrent squamous papilloma of the hard palate in a 5-year-old patient with a review of the literature.
http://www.njcponline.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

severe skeletal open bite using temporary anchorage devices p. 1678 WX Lv, S Chen, TM Xu, B Han DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_223_18 This case report presents the treatment and long-term follow-up of a patient with severe skeletal hyperdivergent open bite, Class II malocclusion, and a severely retruded chin. After failure of early treatment using high-pull headgear with a bite block during the early permanent dentition stage due to an unfavorable growth pattern, orthognathic surgery was proposed but rejected by the patient. Then, temporary anchorage devices were used to correct the occlusion and establish an acceptable overbite and overjet. The overall observation time was 8.5 years; the treatment time using fixed appliances was 3 years and 4 months. The achieved tooth position and occlusal relationship remained stable 2.5 years later without recurrence of the open bite.

severe skeletal open bite using temporary anchorage devices p. 1678
WX Lv, S Chen, TM Xu, B Han
DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_223_18  
This case report presents the treatment and long-term follow-up of a patient with severe skeletal hyperdivergent open bite, Class II malocclusion, and a severely retruded chin. After failure of early treatment using high-pull headgear with a bite block during the early permanent dentition stage due to an unfavorable growth pattern, orthognathic surgery was proposed but rejected by the patient. Then, temporary anchorage devices were used to correct the occlusion and establish an acceptable overbite and overjet. The overall observation time was 8.5 years; the treatment time using fixed appliances was 3 years and 4 months. The achieved tooth position and occlusal relationship remained stable 2.5 years later without recurrence of the open bite.
http://www.njcponline.com/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Feulgen stain as a special stain for mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies in oral squamous cell carcinoma p. 164 Sankari Radhakrishnan, Ramesh Venkatapathy, PD Balamurali, Karthik Shree V Prashad, B Premalatha, Saikat Chakraborty DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_49_18 Background: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is graded for the proper treatment planning, and it has been a subjective phenomenon. This grading depends on several features, of which the presence of mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies is one of the important criteria. The routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining may help in identifying the mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies, but it is difficult to identify accurately. Thus, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of crystal violet and Feulgen stain in identifying the mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies and to observe any variation in different grades of carcinoma. Aims: This study was aimed

Feulgen stain as a special stain for mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies in oral squamous cell carcinoma p. 164
Sankari Radhakrishnan, Ramesh Venkatapathy, PD Balamurali, Karthik Shree V Prashad, B Premalatha, Saikat Chakraborty
DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_49_18  
Background: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is graded for the proper treatment planning, and it has been a subjective phenomenon. This grading depends on several features, of which the presence of mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies is one of the important criteria. The routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining may help in identifying the mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies, but it is difficult to identify accurately. Thus, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of crystal violet and Feulgen stain in identifying the mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies and to observe any variation in different grades of carcinoma. Aims: This study was aimed at using crystal violet and Feulgen stain in identifying mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies in different grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Fifteen diagnosed cases of OSCC were retrieved and stained with routine H and E, crystal violet stain, and Feulgen stain. All the sections were scanned for mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies. Apoptotic index (AI) and mitotic index (MI) were calculated. AI and MI were expressed as the average of a total number of apoptotic and mitotic cells counted in ten high-power fields. Results: A significant increase in MI and AI was found in Feulgen stain than crystal violet and H and E stain. Conclusion: Feulgen stain can be considered as the best, cost-effective, relatively cheap stain to visualize mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies.
http://www.srmjrds.in/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Regenerative periodontics in restoring oral functions: A power to regenerate what's lost p. 168 Hunny Sharma, Swati Verma DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_24_18 Although human oral cavity benefits from remarkable mechanical and functional properties, still it faces continuous insult and damage resulting from exposure to microbial attacks. In the past where conventional dentistry was only focused on evaluating, restoration, and replacement of the diseased oral structures. The recent era of advancement in the field of materials science, molecular biology, tissue engineering, and stem cell research's had let to the path of development of new era of periodontal engineering known as regenerative periodontics. The ultimate goal of regenerative periodontics is the regeneration of the lost periodontium due to advanced periodontal disease. Currently, scientists are working on a wide range of biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells, and growth factors in the hope of achieving more predictab

Regenerative periodontics in restoring oral functions: A power to regenerate what's lost p. 168
Hunny Sharma, Swati Verma
DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_24_18  
Although human oral cavity benefits from remarkable mechanical and functional properties, still it faces continuous insult and damage resulting from exposure to microbial attacks. In the past where conventional dentistry was only focused on evaluating, restoration, and replacement of the diseased oral structures. The recent era of advancement in the field of materials science, molecular biology, tissue engineering, and stem cell research's had let to the path of development of new era of periodontal engineering known as regenerative periodontics. The ultimate goal of regenerative periodontics is the regeneration of the lost periodontium due to advanced periodontal disease. Currently, scientists are working on a wide range of biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells, and growth factors in the hope of achieving more predictable outcomes in regenerative periodontics. Future research areas in regenerative periodontics include three-dimensional printing, tissue engineering, and gene therapy strategies which give more positive and predictable outcomes of regenerative periodontics. This review provides an overview of current on-going technique and researches in the field of regenerative periodontics and also will show a glimpse of what the future holds.
http://www.srmjrds.in/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Importance of cone-beam computed tomography in dentistry: An update p. 186 Shruthi Hegde, Vidya Ajila, Jasmine Shanti Kamath, Subhas Babu, Devika S Pillai, S Mithula Nair DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_26_18 In this era of advanced technology, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained popularity in the field of oral radiology due to its advantages over conventional radiography. The use of CBCT is profoundly increasing for diagnosis and treatment planning in different specialties of dentistry. The incorporation of cone-beam technology into clinical practice is taking place because of the progress in image acquisition and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The equipment design is easier to use, image distortion is minimal, and the images are compatible with other planning and simulation software. The 3D imaging has made the complex craniofacial structures more accessible for examination. Early and accurate diagnosis of deep-seated lesions is possible. CBCT provides a high-spatial res

Importance of cone-beam computed tomography in dentistry: An update p. 186
Shruthi Hegde, Vidya Ajila, Jasmine Shanti Kamath, Subhas Babu, Devika S Pillai, S Mithula Nair
DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_26_18  
In this era of advanced technology, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained popularity in the field of oral radiology due to its advantages over conventional radiography. The use of CBCT is profoundly increasing for diagnosis and treatment planning in different specialties of dentistry. The incorporation of cone-beam technology into clinical practice is taking place because of the progress in image acquisition and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The equipment design is easier to use, image distortion is minimal, and the images are compatible with other planning and simulation software. The 3D imaging has made the complex craniofacial structures more accessible for examination. Early and accurate diagnosis of deep-seated lesions is possible. CBCT provides a high-spatial resolution of bone and teeth which allows accurate understanding of the relationship of the adjacent structures. CBCT has helped in detecting a variety of cysts, tumors, infections, developmental anomalies, and traumatic injuries involving the maxillofacial structures. It has been used extensively for evaluating dental and osseous disease in the jaws. This paper reviews current advances in CBCT and their uses in dentistry.
http://www.srmjrds.in/currentissue.asp?sabs=y

Chemical burns of gingiva and its management p. 174 MM Dayakar, Prakash G Pai, Radhika Priyadarshini M Sooranagi, Vintu Vijayan, Abdul Waheed DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_16_18 Chemical burns on the gingiva can be caused by the use of certain pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical products by patients or by injudicious use of caustics by the dental clinician. These lesions in the oral cavity, however, are rarely reported. Hence, information about the product and needful instructions is necessary to be given to the patients for prevention of the same. These burns can be caused by the way of self-infliction, allergic tendency toward certain products, or it may be iatrogenic. A detailed history is the key to diagnosing and managing these cases. Chemical burns are usually treated by eliminating the etiology and managed by palliative therapy.

Chemical burns of gingiva and its management p. 174
MM Dayakar, Prakash G Pai, Radhika Priyadarshini M Sooranagi, Vintu Vijayan, Abdul Waheed
DOI:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_16_18  
Chemical burns on the gingiva can be caused by the use of certain pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical products by patients or by injudicious use of caustics by the dental clinician. These lesions in the oral cavity, however, are rarely reported. Hence, information about the product and needful instructions is necessary to be given to the patients for prevention of the same. These burns can be caused by the way of self-infliction, allergic tendency toward certain products, or it may be iatrogenic. A detailed history is the key to diagnosing and managing these cases. Chemical burns are usually treated by eliminating the etiology and managed by palliative therapy.
http://www.srmjrds.in/currentissue.asp?sabs=y