Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Τρίτη 27 Ιουνίου 2017
A novel strategy with combined assays for detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in clinically ANCA-negative granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) that is localized to the upper airway presents a diagnostic challenge because of a tendency towards anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-negativity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether positivity of ANCA detection might be elicited with combined use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
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Unique Infectious Strategy of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Is Governed by the Acid-Destabilized Property of Hemagglutinin
Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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An Automated Critical Event Screening and Notification System to Facilitate Preanesthesia Record Review.
BACKGROUND: Anesthesia information management systems make prior anesthesia records readily available for review when patients return for a subsequent procedure but may create a problem of too much documentation to review in a limited amount of time. We implemented a screening tool to facilitate the identification of critical documentation for review. METHODS: An algorithm was developed to electronically search prior anesthesia records for predefined critical events and flag records containing these events. Our web-based daily case schedule was modified to contain a warning message for any patient on the schedule who has a prior record flagged by the system, in addition to a preexisting hyperlink to view the relevant record. A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the impact of the warning messages on the frequency with which the care team reviewed these records before providing anesthesia care. RESULTS: The screening algorithm flagged 13% of archived cases as critical. There were 3329 and 3369 cases in the 6 months before and after system implementation, respectively, that had prior critical records available for review at that time. One or more of these critical records were viewed before the subsequent case start in 39% vs 59% (P
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http://ift.tt/2skvnYr
Anesthetic Management of Narcolepsy Patients During Surgery: A Systematic Review.
BACKGROUND: Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and/or hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and in some cases cataplexy. The response to anesthetic medications and possible interactions in narcolepsy patients is unclear in the perioperative period. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the current evidence on the perioperative outcomes and anesthetic considerations in narcolepsy patients. METHODS: Electronic literature search of Medline, Medline in-process, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases, international conference proceedings, and abstracts was conducted in November 2015 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guideline. A total of 3757 articles were screened using a 2-stage strategy (title-abstract followed by full text). We included case studies/series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials of narcolepsy patients undergoing surgical procedures under anesthesia or sedation. Preoperative narcolepsy symptoms and sleep study data, anesthetic technique, and perioperative complications were extracted. Screening of articles, data extraction, and compilation were conducted by 2 independent reviewers and any conflict was resolved by the senior author. RESULTS: A total of 19 studies including 16 case reports and 3 case series were included and evaluated. The majority of these patients received general anesthesia, whereas a small percentage of patients received regional anesthesia. Reported complications of narcolepsy patients undergoing surgeries were mainly related to autonomic dysregulation, or worsening of narcolepsy symptoms intra/postoperatively. Narcolepsy symptoms worsened only in those patient populations where the preoperative medications were either discontinued or reduced (mainly in obstetric patients). In narcolepsy patients, use of depth of anesthesia monitoring and total intravenous technique may have some advantage in terms of safety profile. Several patients undergoing neurosurgery involving the hypothalamus or third or four ventricles developed new-onset narcolepsy. CONCLUSIONS: We found a paucity of prospective clinical trials in this patient population, as most of the studies were case reports or observational studies. Continuation of preoperative medications, depth of anesthesia monitoring, use of multimodal analgesia with short-acting agents and regional anesthesia techniques were associated with favorable outcomes. Obstetric patients may be at greater risk for worsening narcolepsy symptoms, possibly related to a reduction or discontinuation of medications. For neurosurgical procedures involving the hypothalamus or third and fourth ventricle, postoperative considerations should include monitoring for symptoms of narcolepsy. Future studies are needed to better define perioperative risks associated with anesthesia and surgery in this population of patients. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Intraoperative Detection of Persistent Endoleak by Detecting Residual Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast in the Aneurysmal Sac During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair.
Persistent endoleaks may lead to adverse events after endovascular aortic repair. We prospectively examined the relationship between intraoperative residual spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) within the aneurysmal sac and the incidence of postoperative endoleaks in 60 patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Patients with SEC had a higher incidence of postoperative endoleaks than did patients without SEC within a few days postoperatively (60.0% vs 12.5%, respectively; P
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http://ift.tt/2sPzPC0
Validation of a Real-Time Minute-to-Minute Urine Output Monitor and the Feasibility of Its Clinical Use for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.
Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Methods for measuring urine output in real time may better ensure renal perfusion perioperatively in contrast to the current standard of care where urine output is visually estimated after empiric epochs of time. In this study, we describe an accurate method for monitoring urine output continuously during cardiopulmonary bypass. This may provide a means for setting patient-specific targets for blood pressure and cardiopulmonary bypass flow as a potential strategy to reduce the risk for acute kidney injury. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society
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http://ift.tt/2skRvl8
Nail findings in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A cross-sectional study with special reference to transverse grooves
Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) commonly present with nail manifestations; however, little is known about these manifestations.
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Treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum with a 1064-nm, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser
Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common cutaneous xanthoma characterized by soft, yellow papules or plaques that arise on the periorbital skin. As these lesions can be cosmetically disfiguring, many patients seek medical help to remove these lesions.
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Methotrexate-induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis appearing after 30 years of use: a case report
Methotrexate has been implicated in a variety of lung complications, one of which is hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis most often occurs within the first year of starting low-dose oral...
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Lateral cervical approach for supracricoid partial laryngectomy
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante, Giovanni Cristalli, Raul Pellini, Fabio Ferreli
IntroductionThe supracricoid partial laryngectomy has been described for the treatment of T3 laryngeal glottic and supraglottic tumors as well as upfront and salvage surgery. Good oncological and functional outcomes are expected, while the post-operative rehabilitation can be quite difficult for the patient. Early and late complications can occur especially in salvage surgery. Neck dissection according to the T stage is often associated with the resection of the primary tumor.ObjectiveTo verify the feasibility of a minimally invasive procedure for supracricoid partial laryngectomy by adopting the lateral cervical approach.Methods/resultsA 61-year old man affected by a cT3N0 glottic cancer already treated 10years prior with radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer underwent supracricoid laryngectomy using the lateral approach. The key point of the procedure was a subfascial dissection with the harvesting of anterior cervical flap including skin, fat, platysma, fascia superficialis, anterior jugular veins, homo- and sterno-hyoid muscles.ConclusionSupracricoid laryngectomy by a lateral approach is feasible and safe; it allows to perform a simultaneous neck dissection and the removal of the entire laryngeal specimen preserving ample healthy tissue compared to the classic anterior approach.
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Treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux using a sleep positioning device: A prospective cohort study
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): William S. Tierney, Scott L. Gabbard, Claudio F. Milstein, Michael S. Benninger, Paul C. Bryson
ObjectiveLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms are often resistant to management and cause significant quality of life impairment to patients with this disease. This study assesses the utility of a sleep-positioning device (SPD) in treating LPR.DesignSingle center prospective cohort study.SettingTertiary medical centerParticipants27 adult patients with diagnosed laryngopharyngeal reflux.InterventionAn SPD consisting of a two-component wedge-shaped base pillow and a lateral positioning body pillow (Medcline, Amenity Health Inc.) was given to patients with a diagnosis of LPR. Subjects slept using the device for at least 6h per night for 28 consecutive nights.Main outcomesPrimary outcomes were Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptom Severity and Impact Questionnaire (N-GSSIQ) and the Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI) survey instrument. Each was collected at baseline, after 14, and after 28days of SPD use.Results27 patients (19 female and 8 male; age 57.1±12.8, BMI 29.0±8.1) were recruited. At baseline mean N-GSSIQ was 50.1±22.4 and mean RSI of 29.6±7.7. Repeated measure analysis showed that subjects' total N-GSSIQ scores decreased by an average of 19.1 (p=0.0004) points by two weeks and 26.5 points by 4weeks (p<0.0001). RSI decreased an average of 5.3 points by 2weeks (p=0.0425) and an average of 14.0 points by 4weeks (p<0.0001).ConclusionsIn patients with LPR, SPD treatment significantly improves self-reported symptoms of nocturnal reflux as well as symptoms specific to LPR. These results support the therapeutic efficacy of a SPD for patients with LPR.
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Prospective analysis of 231 elective neck dissections in oral squamous cell carcinoma with node negative neck—To decide the extent of neck dissection
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Sangeet Kumar Agarwal, Nisha Rajrattansingh Akali, Deepak Sarin
ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of level IIB and IV lymph node metastases in patients of oral carcinoma with N0 necks. This study will help to decide the extent and need of routine comprehensive removal of these specific lymph node groups in selective neck dissection.MethodsProspective analytical study of 231 patients of oral carcinoma with N0 necks undergoing neck dissections were prospectively analyzed. The incidence of metastases at level IIB and IV were then observed.Results71 (30.73%) out of 231 cases had microscopic metastatic lymphadenopathy. Lymph node metastases from oral cancers were seen predominantly at levels IB and IIA. Metastases at levels IIB and IV were very rare (0.86% and 0%, respectively). Metastases at level IIB was associated with metastases at the level IIA in both cases (100%) and with level IB in 1 case (50%). 27 (11.68%) out of 231 cases had positive IIA nodes and conversely, only 7.4% (2/27) of all level IIA metastases had positive nodes at level IIB.ConclusionSelective neck dissection from I–III may be adequate for majority of patients with oral cancers. Level IIB and IV need not be dissected in N0 patients.
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Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential in patients with myasthenia gravis
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Mohammad El-Sayed Mojahed, Elsaeid Mohamed Thabet, Mohamed Galal El-Khateeb, Ashraf Elsayed Morgan
ObjectiveMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an archetypic disorder of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and autoantibody-mediated disease causing fatigable weakness of skeletal muscles with an ocular onset in up to 85%. The aim of this study was to detect extra ocular muscles (EOMs) abnormalities in MG patients using ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) n10 response.MethodsThe oVEMP was performed on 40 myasthenia gravis patients that were divided into three groups: newly diagnosed (10 patients), uncontrolled on treatment (15 patients) and controlled on treatment (15 patients) groups in addition to a control group of 10 subjects. Also a comparison of oVEMP response was held between patients with generalized and ocular MG.ResultsThe oVEMP n10 showed significant difference between the 3 study groups and the control. The n10 showed no significant difference between the newly diagnosed group and the other 2 groups. There was also significant difference between uncontrolled and controlled on treatment group and between generalized and ocular types of myasthenic patients.ConclusionThe oVEMP can be usefully used in diagnosis of new MG patients as regard n10 amplitude, threshold and AR except n10 latency with no therapeutic or monitoring value of oVEMP in MG.
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A novel strategy with combined assays for detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in clinically ANCA-negative granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Kaori Tateyama, Satoru Kodama, Kan Kishibe, Yasuaki Harabuchi, Masashi Suzuki
ObjectiveGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) that is localized to the upper airway presents a diagnostic challenge because of a tendency towards anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-negativity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether positivity of ANCA detection might be elicited with combined use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.MethodsTwenty-nine serum samples obtained from GPA patients were used in this study. In addition to routine biochemical investigation for ANCA, tests for detecting PR3-, MPO-ANCAs, and minor ANCAs were performed with commercially available ELISA kits. Cytoplasmic (C)-ANCA and perinuclear (P)-ANCA were evaluated using the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) technique.ResultsTwelve patients were positive for PR3- or MPO-ANCA in the clinical laboratory test, and 17 patients were negative for both ANCAs. Of the 17 ANCA-negative patients, four were positive for PR3- or MPO-ANCA, and three were positive for minor ANCA according to results obtained from six different ELISA kits. These findings indicated that performing detection tests with six different ELISA kits might improve the positivity of ANCA and might contribute to establishing the diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Together with results from IIF, the samples of eight patients with clinically ANCA-negative results (8/17, 47.1%) were converted to ANCA-positive results, and the ANCA detection rate was significantly improved from 12/29 (41.4%) to 20/29 (69.0%, p=0.03).ConclusionsAdditional detection techniques should be used to confirm the results of clinically ANCA-negative samples, particularly when vasculitis is suspected. Minor ANCAs should also be evaluated with detection tests when PR3- and MPO-ANCA are negative.
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Retraction for Zimmerman et al., Signaling through hepatocellular A2B adenosine receptors dampens ischemia and reperfusion injury of the liver [Retractions]
MEDICAL SCIENCES Retraction for "Signaling through hepatocellular A2B adenosine receptors dampens ischemia and reperfusion injury of the liver," by Michael A. Zimmerman, Almut Grenz, Eunyoung Tak, Maria Kaplan, Douglas Ridyard, Kelley S. Brodsky, Mercedes Susan Mandell, Igal Kam, and Holger K. Eltzschig, which appeared in issue 29, July 16, 2013,...
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Correction to Supporting Information for Suzuki et al., Behavioral contagion during learning about another agent’s risk-preferences acts on the neural representation of decision-risk [SI Correction]
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES, NEUROSCIENCE Correction to Supporting Information for "Behavioral contagion during learning about another agent's risk-preferences acts on the neural representation of decision-risk," by Shinsuke Suzuki, Emily L. S. Jensen, Peter Bossaerts, and John P. O'Doherty, which appeared in issue 14, April 5, 2016, of Proc Natl Acad...
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Correction for Khan et al., Sympathetic innervation controls homeostasis of neuromuscular junctions in health and disease [Correction]
NEUROSCIENCE Correction for "Sympathetic innervation controls homeostasis of neuromuscular junctions in health and disease," by Muzamil Majid Khan, Danilo Lustrino, Willian A. Silveira, Franziska Wild, Tatjana Straka, Yasmin Issop, Emily O'Connor, Dan Cox, Markus Reischl, Till Marquardt, Dittmar Labeit, Siegfried Labeit, Evelyne Benoit, Jordi Molgó, Hanns Lochmüller, Veit Witzemann, Isis...
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Correction for Brumberg et al., Single-crystal Ih ice surfaces unveil connection between macroscopic and molecular structure [Correction]
CHEMISTRY Correction for "Single-crystal Ih ice surfaces unveil connection between macroscopic and molecular structure," by Alexandra Brumberg, Kevin Hammonds, Ian Baker, Ellen H. G. Backus, Patrick J. Bisson, Mischa Bonn, Charles P. Daghlian, Markus D. Mezger, and Mary Jane Shultz, which appeared in issue 21, May 23, 2017, of Proc...
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Specific targeting of TGF-{beta} family ligands demonstrates distinct roles in the regulation of muscle mass in health and disease [Physiology]
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) network of ligands and intracellular signaling proteins is a subject of intense interest within the field of skeletal muscle biology. To define the relative contribution of endogenous TGF-β proteins to the negative regulation of muscle mass via their activation of the Smad2/3 signaling axis, we...
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Regulation of spinogenesis in mature Purkinȷe cells via mGluR/PKC-mediated phosphorylation of CaMKII{beta} [Neuroscience]
Dendritic spines of Purkinje cells form excitatory synapses with parallel fiber terminals, which are the primary sites for cerebellar synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless, how density and morphology of these spines are properly maintained in mature Purkinje cells is not well understood. Here we show an activity-dependent mechanism that represses excessive spine...
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Numbers of presynaptic Ca2+ channel clusters match those of functionally defined vesicular docking sites in single central synapses [Neuroscience]
Many central synapses contain a single presynaptic active zone and a single postsynaptic density. Vesicular release statistics at such "simple synapses" indicate that they contain a small complement of docking sites where vesicles repetitively dock and fuse. In this work, we investigate functional and morphological aspects of docking sites at...
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Electron-shuttling antibiotics structure bacterial communities by modulating cellular levels of c-di-GMP [Microbiology]
Diverse organisms secrete redox-active antibiotics, which can be used as extracellular electron shuttles by resistant microbes. Shuttle-mediated metabolism can support survival when substrates are available not locally but rather at a distance. Such conditions arise in multicellular communities, where the formation of chemical gradients leads to resource limitation for cells...
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Maintenance of antiangiogenic and antitumor effects by orally active low-dose capecitabine for long-term cancer therapy [Medical Sciences]
Long-term uninterrupted therapy is essential for maximizing clinical benefits of antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) in cancer patients. Unfortunately, nearly all clinically available AADs are delivered to cancer patients using disrupted regimens. We aim to develop lifetime, nontoxic, effective, orally active, and low-cost antiangiogenic and antitumor drugs for treatment of cancer patients....
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Systems-guided forward genetic screen reveals a critical role of the replication stress response protein ETAA1 in T cell clonal expansion [Immunology and Inflammation]
T-cell immunity requires extremely rapid clonal proliferation of rare, antigen-specific T lymphocytes to form effector cells. Here we identify a critical role for ETAA1 in this process by surveying random germ line mutations in mice using exome sequencing and bioinformatic annotation to prioritize mutations in genes of unknown function with...
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Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies HNRNPL as a prostate cancer dependency regulating RNA splicing [Genetics]
Alternative RNA splicing plays an important role in cancer. To determine which factors involved in RNA processing are essential in prostate cancer, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen to identify the genes that are required for prostate cancer growth. Functional annotation defined a set of essential spliceosome and RNA...
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Skin-specific regulation of SREBP processing and lipid biosynthesis by glycerol kinase 5 [Genetics]
The recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea–induced phenotype toku is characterized by delayed hair growth, progressive hair loss, and excessive accumulation of dermal cholesterol, triglycerides, and ceramides. The toku phenotype was attributed to a null allele of Gk5, encoding glycerol kinase 5 (GK5), a skin-specific kinase expressed predominantly in sebaceous glands. GK5 formed a...
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How temporal patterns in rainfall determine the geomorphology and carbon fluxes of tropical peatlands [Ecology]
Tropical peatlands now emit hundreds of megatons of carbon dioxide per year because of human disruption of the feedbacks that link peat accumulation and groundwater hydrology. However, no quantitative theory has existed for how patterns of carbon storage and release accompanying growth and subsidence of tropical peatlands are affected by...
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Biomechanical coupling facilitates spinal neural tube closure in mouse embryos [Developmental Biology]
Neural tube (NT) formation in the spinal region of the mammalian embryo involves a wave of "zippering" that passes down the elongating spinal axis, uniting the neural fold tips in the dorsal midline. Failure of this closure process leads to open spina bifida, a common cause of severe neurologic disability...
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Efficient, ultra-high-affinity chromatography in a one-step purification of complex proteins [Biochemistry]
Protein purification is an essential primary step in numerous biological studies. It is particularly significant for the rapidly emerging high-throughput fields, such as proteomics, interactomics, and drug discovery. Moreover, purifications for structural and industrial applications should meet the requirement of high yield, high purity, and high activity (HHH). It is,...
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Computationally optimized deimmunization libraries yield highly mutated enzymes with low immunogenicity and enhanced activity [Applied Biological Sciences]
Therapeutic proteins of wide-ranging function hold great promise for treating disease, but immune surveillance of these macromolecules can drive an antidrug immune response that compromises efficacy and even undermines safety. To eliminate widespread T-cell epitopes in any biotherapeutic and thereby mitigate this key source of detrimental immune recognition, we developed...
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Spacer capture and integration by a type I-F Cas1-Cas2-3 CRISPR adaptation complex [Biochemistry]
CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems capture DNA fragments from invading bacteriophages and plasmids and integrate them as spacers into bacterial CRISPR arrays. In type I-E and II-A CRISPR-Cas systems, this adaptation process is driven by Cas1–Cas2 complexes. Type I-F systems, however, contain a unique fusion of Cas2, with the type I...
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Mouse model of hematogenous implant-related Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection reveals therapeutic targets [Applied Biological Sciences]
Infection is a major complication of implantable medical devices, which provide a scaffold for biofilm formation, thereby reducing susceptibility to antibiotics and complicating treatment. Hematogenous implant-related infections following bacteremia are particularly problematic because they can occur at any time in a previously stable implant. Herein, we developed a model of...
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Deubiquitinating enzyme VCIP135 dictates the duration of botulinum neurotoxin type A intoxication [Cell Biology]
Botulism is characterized by flaccid paralysis, which can be caused by intoxication with any of the seven known serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), all of which disrupt synaptic transmission by endoproteolytic cleavage of SNARE proteins. BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A) has the most prolonged or persistent effects, which can last several...
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Trigger loop of RNA polymerase is a positional, not acid-base, catalyst for both transcription and proofreading [Biochemistry]
The active site of multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is highly conserved from humans to bacteria. This single site catalyzes both nucleotide addition required for RNA transcript synthesis and excision of incorrect nucleotides after misincorporation as a proofreading mechanism. Phosphoryl transfer and proofreading hydrolysis are controlled in part by a dynamic...
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US News Releases Top Peds Hospital List, With Few Surprises
Boston Children's Hospital took first place in the magazine's 2017-2018 honor roll for the third straight year.
Medscape Medical News
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LEI0258 microsatellite variability and its association with humoral and cell mediated immune responses in broiler chickens
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 90
Author(s): Atefeh Esmailnejad, Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni, Maryam Badavam
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has a profound influence on disease resistance or susceptibility, productivity and important economic traits in chicken. Association of the MHC with a wide range of immune responses makes it a valuable predictive factor for the disease pathogenesis and outcome. The tandem repeat LEI0258 is a genetic marker which is located within the B locus of chicken MHC and strongly associated with serologically defined haplotypes. LEI0258 microsatellite marker was applied to investigate the MHC polymorphism in Ross 308 broiler chicken (N=104). Association of LEI0258 alleles with humoral and cell mediated immune responses to Newcastle disease (ND), Infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Avian influenza (AI) vaccines were also examined. LEI0258 polymorphism was determined by PCR-based fragment analysis, and association of LEI0258 alleles with immune responses were evaluated using multivariate regression analysis and GLM procedures. A total of seven alleles ranging from 195 to 448bp were found, including two novel alleles (263 and 362bp) that were unique in Ross 308 broiler population. Association study revealed a significant influence of MHC alleles on humoral and cellular immune responses in Ross population (P<0.05). Alleles 385 and 448bp were associated with increased peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation response. Alleles 300, 362 and 448bp had a positive effect on immune responses to Infectious bursal disease vaccine, and allele 263bp was significantly correlated with elevated antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine. Results obtained from this study confirmed the important role of MHC as a candidate gene marker for immune responses that could be used in genetic improvement of disease-resistant traits and resource conservation in broiler population.
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Activating transcription factor 3 protects mice against pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury by interacting with lipopolysaccharide binding protein
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 90
Author(s): Yunfeng Zhao, Xiulin Wu, Lanlan Qian, Liang Guo, Jiangrong Liao, Xueling Wu
Excessive inflammatory response is critical event in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Previous study has shown that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a role in downregulate inflammatory responses including ventilation-induced ALI. We hypothesized that ATF3 have a protective effect in ALI induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa. PA was intra-tracheally administrated to ATF3 knock-out (KO) mice to establish ALI model. Inflammatory factors, BALF protein, lung wet to dry ratio, lung injury score and mortality were determined. The activation of NF-κB was detected by western blot and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-ip) was used to determinate the binding of ATF3 to LBP. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from ATF3 KO mice and stimulated by PA. PA increased the expression of ATF3 in the lung tissues in ATF3 wild type (WT) mice. ATF3 deficiency significantly increased the concentration of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant of peritoneal macrophages, lung tissue and BALF after PA stimulation and also enhanced the activity of NF-κB. ATF3 deficiency also enhanced the BALF protein concentration and increased the lung wet to dry ratio. The lung injury score and mortality were higher in ATF3 KO mice treated with PA. Moreover, ATF3 was demonstrated to bind to LBP These finding suggest ATF3 protect mice against ALI induced by PA partly due to the binding to LBP.
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Severe hidradenitis suppurativa responding to treatment with secukinumab: a case report
Abstract
An inappropriate immunologic response to an unknown antigen has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Studies have identified elevated levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A and TNF-α, nominating these as possible therapeutic targets.1 Secukinumab is an Il-17A monoclonal antibody, which binds to Il-17A and inhibits the cytokine interaction with the Il-17 receptors, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade. Here we report on a case of a 47-year-old man, with Hurley Stage III lesions at the neck, axillae, breasts, genital skin and buttocks, who had experienced only temporary benefit from different medical treatments over the years. After 12 weeks of treatment with secukinumab the number of lesions reported reported by the patient within the period of the last 4 weeks was reduced from 23 to 7, pain VAS was reduced from 5 to 3 and pain/utility/handicap VAS was reduced from 7 to 4. The results may be taken to imply that IL-17 blockade could provide a possible therapeutic approach in HS.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for quantitative mapping of the copper distribution in liver tissue sections from mice with liver disease induced by common bile duct ligation
Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was deployed for quantitative mapping of the Cu distribution in cryo-sections of liver tissue from mice with cholestatic liver disease induced via common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Cu distribution maps of the liver sections were obtained from the CBDL-operated mice sacrificed at different time points (2, 4 and 6 weeks) after the surgical intervention and compared with those of the corresponding control (sham-operated) mice. Cu quantification was accomplished versus matrix-matched thin sections of spiked liver tissue homogenates and versus spiked gelatin droplet standards. No statistical differences were obtained between the results using the two calibration approaches and thus, both were considered suitable for quantitative Cu bioimaging of liver cryo-sections. On the basis of practical considerations, i.e. simplicity, low cost and availability of material, spiked gelatin droplet standards are the preferred choice for quantitative determination of the Cu distribution in liver tissue cryo-sections. An inhomogeneous hepatic Cu distribution was observed in the CBDL mice, in contrast to the homogeneous hepatic Cu distribution established for the sham-operated mice. The Cu levels increased with the progression of the disease and a strong accumulation was observed in some necrotic areas. High-resolution LA-ICP-MS bioimaging, using a circular spot size of 2 μm, was suitable for the visualization of the Cu distribution in liver tissue on a (sub-)cellular level. In addition to the quantitative Cu mapping, also the spatial distribution of Zn was monitored in the liver cryo-sections of the control and the 2, 4 and 6 weeks CBDL mice, but in all cases, Zn was homogeneously distributed across the tissue.
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Endoscopic Myringoplasty Versus Microscopic Myringoplasty in Tubotympanic CSOM: A Comparative Study of 120 Cases
Abstract
Myringoplasty is one of the commonest operations performed on the middle ear. Our aim was to compare the results of endoscopic permeatal myringoplasty with that of conventional myringoplasty by post aural approach using operating microscope. A total of 120 patients having central perforation of tympanic membrane were randomly divided into two equal groups of 60 patients each. In the first group, endoscope was used and in the second group microscope was used to do myringoplasty. Temporalis fascia was used as a graft material. The patients were kept in follow-up for 1 year. The pre-operative and post-operative audiograms, post-operative pain, graft uptake and time taken for surgery were compared in both the groups. The graft uptake rate was 91.67% in the endoscopic group, whereas it was 93.3% in the microscopic group. Post-operative pain was significantly less in the endoscopic group as compared with microscopic group and not much difference was found in the gain in A-B gap in either group. The mean ABG gain was 16.16 dB (SD = 4.68) in endoscopic group and 19.54 dB (SD = 3.45) in microscopic group. On applying the Mann–Whitney U test, this finding was statistically significant (p value = 0.0001). In our study success rate was equal between endoscopic and microscopic technique. In terms of morbidity and postoperative recovery endoscope produced better results. Endoscopic tympanoplasty can be a good alternative of microscopic tympanoplasty.
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Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Metastasis Inhibitor NP-G2-044 in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (Including Lymphoma)
Conditions: Breast Cancer; Pancreas Cancer; Prostate Cancer; Lung Cancer; Colon Cancer; Esophagus Cancer; Liver Cancer; Ovary Cancer; Lymphoma
Intervention: Drug: NP-G2-044
Sponsors: Novita Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Translational Drug Development
Not yet recruiting - verified June 2017
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Intervention: Drug: NP-G2-044
Sponsors: Novita Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Translational Drug Development
Not yet recruiting - verified June 2017
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Neoadjuvant Anti-PD-1 Antibody SHR-1210 and Radiation in Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Conditions: Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Diseases
Interventions: Radiation: 3-DCRT or IMRT radiation; Drug: anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210
Sponsors: Hangzhou Cancer Hospital; Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd.
Recruiting - verified June 2017
http://ift.tt/2tRO6MK
Interventions: Radiation: 3-DCRT or IMRT radiation; Drug: anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210
Sponsors: Hangzhou Cancer Hospital; Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd.
Recruiting - verified June 2017
http://ift.tt/2tRO6MK
A Clinical Study of Apatinib in Patients With Local Progressive/Metastalic Refractory Thyroid Cancer
Condition: Refractory Cancer
Intervention: Drug: Apatinib
Sponsor: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Recruiting - verified June 2017
http://ift.tt/2tiKsPb
Intervention: Drug: Apatinib
Sponsor: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Recruiting - verified June 2017
http://ift.tt/2tiKsPb
Influence of study design on digital pathology image quality evaluation: the need to define a clinical task
Despite the current rapid advance in technologies for whole slide imaging, there is still no scientific consensus on the recommended methodology for image quality assessment of digital pathology slides. For medical images in general, it has been recommended to assess image quality in terms of doctors' success rates in performing a specific clinical task while using the images (clinical image quality, cIQ). However, digital pathology is a new modality, and already identifying the appropriate task is difficult. In an alternative common approach, humans are asked to do a simpler task such as rating overall image quality (perceived image quality, pIQ), but that involves the risk of nonclinically relevant findings due to an unknown relationship between the pIQ and cIQ. In this study, we explored three different experimental protocols: (1) conducting a clinical task (detecting inclusion bodies), (2) rating image similarity and preference, and (3) rating the overall image quality. Additionally, within protocol 1, overall quality ratings were also collected (task-aware pIQ). The experiments were done by diagnostic veterinary pathologists in the context of evaluating the quality of hematoxylin and eosin-stained digital pathology slides of animal tissue samples under several common image alterations: additive noise, blurring, change in gamma, change in color saturation, and JPG compression. While the size of our experiments was small and prevents drawing strong conclusions, the results suggest the need to define a clinical task. Importantly, the pIQ data collected under protocols 2 and 3 did not always rank the image alterations the same as their cIQ from protocol 1, warning against using conventional pIQ to predict cIQ. At the same time, there was a correlation between the cIQ and task-aware pIQ ratings from protocol 1, suggesting that the clinical experiment context (set by specifying the clinical task) may affect human visual attention and bring focus to their criteria of image quality. Further research is needed to assess whether and for which purposes (e.g., preclinical testing) task-aware pIQ ratings could substitute cIQ for a given clinical task.
http://ift.tt/2rXUktb
Probing pattern and dynamics of disulfide bridges using synthesis and NMR of an ion channel blocker peptide toxin with multiple diselenide bonds
Anuroctoxin (AnTx), a 35-amino-acid scorpion toxin containing four disulfide bridges, is a high affinity blocker of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3, but also blocks Kv1.2. To improve potential therapeutic use of the toxin, we have designed a double substituted analog, [N17A/F32T]-AnTx, which showed comparable Kv1.3 affinity to the wild-type peptide, but also a 2500-fold increase in the selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.2. In the present study we have achieved the chemical synthesis of a Sec-analog in which all cysteine (Cys) residues have been replaced by selenocysteine (Sec) forming four diselenide bonds. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time to replace, by chemical synthesis, all disulfide bonds with isosteric diselenides in a peptide/protein. Gratifyingly, the key pharmacological properties of the Sec-[N17A/F32T]-AnTx are retained since the peptide is functionally active. We also propose here a combined experimental and theoretical approach including NOE- and Se-77-based NMR supplemented by MD simulations for conformational and dynamic characterization of the Sec-[N17A/F32T]-AnTx. Using this combined approach allowed us to attain unequivocal assignment of all four diselenide bonds and supplemental MD simulations allowed characterization of the conformational dynamics around each disulfide/diselenide bridge.
http://ift.tt/2tgXlJ3
Is there NO treatment for severe sepsis?
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the presence of suspected or proven infection, and it may progress to or encompass organ failure (severe sepsis) and hypotension (septic shock). Clinicians possess an arsenal of supportive measures to combat severe sepsis and septic shock, and some success, albeit controversial, has been achieved by using low doses of corticosteroids or recombinant human activated protein C. However, a truly effective mediator-directed specific treatment has not been developed yet. Treatment with low doses of corticosteroids or with recombinant human activated protein C remains controversial and its success very limited. Attempts to treat shock by blocking LPS, TNF or IL-1 were unsuccessful, as were attempts to use interferon-gamma or granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Inhibiting nitric oxide synthases held promise but met with considerable difficulties. Scavenging excess nitric oxide or targeting molecules downstream of inducible nitric oxide synthase, such as soluble guanylate cyclase or potassium channels, might offer other alternatives.
http://ift.tt/2tgLP07
Solution thermochemical study of ligand substitution reaction of novel pyrrolyl-substituted tertiary phosphine ligands in the L(2)Fe(CO)(3) system
The enthalpies of reaction of (BDA)Fe(CO)(3) (BDA = (C6H5)CH=CHC(O)CH3, benzylideneacetone) with a series of novel phosphine ligands, PPh(3-x)(pyrrolyl)(x) (x = 1-3) and P(pyrrolidinyl)(3), leading to the formation of (L)(2)Fe(CO)(3) complexes (L = phosphine) have been measured by solution calorimetry in THF at 50 degrees C. The range of reaction enthalpies spans some 32 kcal mol(-1). The overall relative order of stability established is as follows (PR(3); -Delta H, kcal mol(-1):P(NC4H4)(3) < P(NC4H4)(2)Ph < P(NC4H4)Ph(2) << P(NC4H8)(3). A quantitative analysis of ligand effect of the present and previously obtained data for L(2)Fe(CO)(3) complexes helps clarify the exact steric versus electronic ligand contributions to the enthalpy of reaction in this system. Furthermore, the present enthalpy information helps in the estimation of useful electronic parameters associated with the novel phosphine series.
http://ift.tt/2rXEm2i
Heats of reaction of HMo(CO)(3)(C(5)R(5)) (R=H, CH3) with diphenyldisulfide and of formation of the clusters [PhSMo(CO)(x)(C5H5)](2), x=1,2 : thermodynamic study of molybdenum-sulfur bond strengths
The enthalpies of reaction of HMo(CO)(3)C(5)R(5) (R=H, CH3) with diphenyldisulfide producing PhSMo(CO)(3)C(5)R(5) and PhSH have been measured in toluene and THF solution (R=H, Delta H=-8.5+/-0.5 kcal mol(-1) (tol), -10.8+/-0.7 kcal mol(-1) (THF); R=CH3, Delta H= -11.3 +/- 0.3 kcal mol(-1) (tol), -13.2+/-0.7 kcal mol(-1) (THF)). These data are used to estimate the Mo-SPh bond strength to be on the order of 38-41 kcal mol(-1) for these complexes. The increased exothermicity of oxidative addition of disulfide in THF versus toluene is attributed to hydrogen bonding between thiophenol produced in the reaction and THF. This was confirmed by measurement of the heat of solution of thiophenol in toluene and THF. Differential scanning calorimetry as well as high temperature calorimetry have been performed on the dimerization and subsequent decarbonylation reactions of PhSMo(CO)(3)Cp yielding [PhSMo(CO)(2)Cp](2) and [PhSMo(CO)Cp](2). The enthalpies of reaction of PhSMo(CO)(3)Cp and [PhSMo(CO(2)Cp](2) with PPh(3), PPh(2)Me and P(OMe)(3) have also been measured. The disproportionation reaction: 2[PhSMo(CO)(2)Cp](2)-->2PhSMo(CO)(3)Cp+[PhSMo(CO)Cp](2) is reported and its enthalpy has also been measured. These data allow determination of the enthalpy of formation of the metal-sulfur clusters [PhSMo(CO)(n)C5H5](2), n=1, 2.
http://ift.tt/2tgXiNn
Direct solution calorimetric measurements of enthalpies of proton and electron transfer reactions for transition metal complexes : thermochemical study of metal-hydride and metal-metal bond energies
Enthalpies of reaction with sodium amalgam, sodium benzophenone ketyl, and metal carbonyl anions of organometallic complexes in THF solution have been measured. Relative to reduction with Na metal, the following enthalpies of reduction (kcal mol(-1)) are reported: benzophenone = -38.5, Cr(CO)(2)(PEt(3))C5H5 = -54.3, Cr(CO)(2)(PPh(3))C5H5 = -59.8, 1/2[Mo(CO)(3)C(5)Me(5)](2) = -59.9, 1/2[W(CO)(3)C5H5](2) = -61.7, 1/2[Mo(CO)(3)C5H5](2) = -63.5, Cr(CO)(2)(P(OMe)(3))C5H5 = -64.4, 1/2[C5H5(Co)(3)Mo-Cr(CO)(3)C5H5] = -66.1, 1/2[Cr(CO)(3)C5H5](2) = -68.2, Cr(CO)(3)C(5)Me(5) = -72.3, Cr(CO)(3)C5H5 = -75.6, 1/2Co(2)(CO)(8) = -77.9. The value for the enthalpy of reduction of benzophenone is 14.5 kcal mol(-1) more exothermic than recent literature data. The enthalpies of electron transfer and proton transfer between NaCr(CO)(2)C5H5 and other chromium radicals and hydrides have been measured and span about 20 kcal mol(-1). These measurements are used in thermochemical cycles to calculate enthalpies of H atom transfer. The role of substituents in determining enthalpies of reaction relevant to electrochemical and pK(a) measurement enthalpies of reaction is discussed. The heat of hydrogenation of Mn-2(CO)(10) has been determined using calorimetrically determined enthalpies of H atom transfer. The heat of hydrogenation, +4 kcal mol(-1) in THF, allows estimation of the Mn-H bond strength = 68 kcal mol(-1).
http://ift.tt/2rXAU7B
Schechter’s eye for the extraordinary
Outhwaite, Ben; (2016) Schechter's eye for the extraordinary. Jewish Historical Studies , 48 pp. 35-46. 10.14324/111.444.jhs.2016v48.024 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tS3zMU
Are perceptions of traffic volume and speed within the neighbourhood associated with levels of local social contact?
Stockton, JC; Scholes, S; Mindell, JS; (2016) Are perceptions of traffic volume and speed within the neighbourhood associated with levels of local social contact? Presented at: Universities' Transport Study Group UK annual conference 2016, Bristol, UK.
http://ift.tt/2tRHCxt
Children and trauma: the role of subjective stress, peritraumatic dissociation, and cognitive appraisals
Kee, SCY; (2005) Children and trauma: the role of subjective stress, peritraumatic dissociation, and cognitive appraisals. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tiuF2S
Described robot functionality impacts emotion experience attributions
Wang, X; Krumhuber, E; (2017) Described robot functionality impacts emotion experience attributions. In: Bryson, J and De Vos, M and Padget, J, (eds.) Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB). (pp. pp. 282-283). The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB): Bath, UK. (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tid7Up
Belgrade parents and their migrant children
Bajic-Hajdukovic, I; (2008) Belgrade parents and their migrant children. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tS3GrO
Nonlinear ICA of temporally dependent stationary sources
Hyvarinen, AJ; Morioka, H; (2017) Nonlinear ICA of temporally dependent stationary sources. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research: Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tisQ5G
Energy Performance Contracting - Is it time to check the small print?
Fennell, PJ; Ruyssevelt, PA; Smith, AZP; (2016) Energy Performance Contracting - Is it time to check the small print? In: Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Behaviour and Energy Efficiency (BEHAVE 2016). European Conference on Behaviour and Energy Efficiency: Coimbra, Portugal.
http://ift.tt/2tiMeQn
A Parametric Study of the Impacts of Pitched Roofs on Flow and Pollution Dispersion in Street Canyons
Wen, H; Malki-Epshtein, L; (2016) A Parametric Study of the Impacts of Pitched Roofs on Flow and Pollution Dispersion in Street Canyons. In: Proceedings of the 3rd IBPSA-England Conference BSO 2016. International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA)-England: Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tRuI2D
'London and the Globe': Henry Swanzy: transitions and testimonials
Morphet, JR; (2016) 'London and the Globe': Henry Swanzy: transitions and testimonials. In: Proceedings of the Literary London Society Annual Conference 2016. Literary London Society: London, UK.
http://ift.tt/2tiMLl3
Barriers to psychological help-seeking in young men who have attempted suicide : an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Richardson, M; (2006) Barriers to psychological help-seeking in young men who have attempted suicide : an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tRRKX0
Whole-genome sequencing of adenovirus in immunocompromised paediatric patients directly from clinical samples elucidates molecular epidemiology of suspected outbreaks
Houldcroft, CJ; Depledge, DP; Williams, R; Cloutman-Green, E; Standing, JF; Breuer, J; (2016) Whole-genome sequencing of adenovirus in immunocompromised paediatric patients directly from clinical samples elucidates molecular epidemiology of suspected outbreaks. Presented at: 19th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Clinical Virology, Lisbon, Portugal.
http://ift.tt/2tiDmdt
The effect of ethanol on phospholipase A(2), lipase, beta-glucocerebrosidase and sphingomyelinase activities in the human stratum corneum
Brand, N; Stapleton, PD; Rawlings, AV; Kegui, T; Saud, A; Lane, ME; (2016) The effect of ethanol on phospholipase A(2), lipase, beta-glucocerebrosidase and sphingomyelinase activities in the human stratum corneum. Presented at: 2016 Annual Meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology (SID), Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
http://ift.tt/2tS29lJ
Resting functional connectivity does not mirror task functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis
Alahmadi, AAS; Tur, C; Pardini, M; Samson, RS; Zeidman, P; D'Angelo, E; Friston, K; Alahmadi, AAS; Tur, C; Pardini, M; Samson, RS; Zeidman, P; D'Angelo, E; Friston, K; Toosy, AT; Wheeler-Kingshott, CAMG; - view fewer (2016) Resting functional connectivity does not mirror task functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis. Presented at: 32nd Congress of the European-Committee-for-Treatment-and-Research-in-Multiple-Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), London, UK.
http://ift.tt/2tiuynY
Multiple Bony Injuries on Bone Scan in a Case of Unsuspected Child Abuse
This case is described of an eleven-month-old infant with lower limbs swelling and the left elbow skeletal malformation following a fall. The radionuclide bone scan was performed to exclude bone infection or congenital skeletal anomaly. The images unexpectedly showed multiple increased radioactive foci throughout the whole body. It was a strong probability of child abuse. All lesions are readily apparent on the following plain film radiographs and MRI.
http://ift.tt/2rXurd1
DMRT5 together with DMRT3 directly controls hippocampus development and neocortical area map formation
Mice that are constitutively null for the zinc finger doublesex and mab-3 related (Dmrt) gene, Dmrt5/Dmrta2, show a variety of patterning abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, including the loss of the cortical hem, a powerful cortical signaling center. In conditional Dmrt5 gain of function and loss of function mouse models, we generated bidirectional changes in the neocortical area map without affecting the hem. Analysis indicated that DMRT5, independent of the hem, directs the rostral-to-caudal pattern of the neocortical area map. Thus, DMRT5 joins a small number of transcription factors shown to control directly area size and position in the neocortex. Dmrt5 deletion after hem formation also reduced hippocampal size and shifted the position of the neocortical/paleocortical boundary. Dmrt3, like Dmrt5, is expressed in a gradient across the cortical primordium. Mice lacking Dmrt3 show cortical patterning defects akin to but milder than those in Dmrt5 mutants, perhaps in part because Dmrt5 expression increases in the absence of Dmrt3 DMRT5 upregulates Dmrt3 expression and negatively regulates its own expression, which may stabilize the level of DMRT5. Together, our findings indicate that finely tuned levels of DMRT5, together with DMRT3, regulate patterning of the cerebral cortex.
http://ift.tt/2shWX8n
Local heat flux measurement technique for internal combustion engines
The heat transfer from the combustion gases to the cylinder wall affects the efficiency, emissions and power output of an internal combustion engine. Measuring the heat transfer requires a heat flux sensor inside the combustion chamber that has a short response time and is able to withstand the harsh conditions during combustion. In this work, a suitable sensor is introduced and the measured wall temperature, heat flux and convection coefficient are compared to those measured with a commercial sensor. It was found that both sensors measure the same convection coefficient, but a different wall temperature and heat flux. This is because the presence of the sensor in the combustion chamber wall affects these quantities. A method is proposed to cancel this effect and calculate the actual heat flux through the cylinder wall.
http://ift.tt/2si0vHL
Immunogenicity and safety of xenogeneic vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 DNA vaccination in mice and dogs
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is an attractive target in oncology due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. In this study a DNA vaccine coding for human VEGFR-2 was evaluated in healthy mice and dogs, administered by intradermal injection and electroporation. In mice, three doses and vaccination schedules were evaluated. Cellular immune responses were measured by intracellular IFN-gamma staining and a cytotoxicity assay and antibodies by ELISA. Safety was assessed by measuring regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells and a wound healing assay. The vaccine was subsequently evaluated in dogs, which were vaccinated three times with 100 mu g. Cellular immune responses were measured by intracellular IFN-gamma staining and antibodies by a flow cytometric assay. In mice, maximal cellular responses were observed after two vaccinations with 5 mu g. Humoral responses continued to increase with higher dose and number of vaccinations. No abnormalities in the measured safety parameters were observed. The vaccine was also capable of eliciting a cellular and humoral immune response in dogs. No adverse effects were observed, but tolerability of the electroporation was poor. This study will facilitate the evaluation of the vaccine in tumor bearing animals, ranging from rodent models to dogs with spontaneous tumors.
http://ift.tt/2sMO5Lx
Evolution of cadherins and associated catenins
During more than 600 Ma of multicellular animal evolution, the cadherin superfamily has become strikingly diverse, both structurally and functionally. Cadherins are typically transmembrane proteins with an ectodomain comprising so-called cadherin repeats. Cadherins are involved in cell–cell recognition, intercellular adhesion, and associated signaling, and are major players in morphogenesis and tissue behavior. Members of the three major cadherin families (cadherins, protocadherins, and cadherin-related proteins) differ in many aspects from each other. E-cadherin is the best-studied family member. Its cytoplasmic domain binds armadillo catenins, which form linkages to the cytoskeleton and trigger complex signaling pathways. Alpha-catenins play complementary roles. Even basal animals such as placozoans and cnidarians express several distinct cadherins and catenins, and their study may identify paradigms for ancient though crucial biological processes. The complex domain compositions of the different superfamily members and their respective functionalities appear to be key features of the emergence of multicellular animal life. Moreover, the origin of vertebrates coincided with a large increase in the number of cadherins and armadillo proteins, including modern molecules such as contemporary "classical" cadherins, clustered protocadherins and plakophilins. Although much needs to be learned about the biology of cadherins, the steadily increasing knowledge on cadherins is fascinating and points to key roles in many biological processes and in several important pathologies. This chapter focuses on the evolutionary relationships between different cadherin family members. The aim is to contribute to a deeper insight into their versatile roles in metazoans, and to foster further research on this remarkable superfamily.
http://ift.tt/2shVXBc
Kin and non-kin marriages and family structure in a rich tribal society
Human consanguinity is often attributed to poverty, lack of education and social insecurity. Nevertheless, kin unions continue to be arranged in socioeconomically transformed societies. This study examined the structure of families and marriages in the rich tribal society of the United Arab Emirates, which has had a high gross domestic product for the last two generations and currently has one of the highest in the world. The respondents were 217 national medical students whose families are proportionally distributed to the population of the country emirates. The rate of parental consanguinity (defined as a union of any two cousins) was 36%. The social status and mean size of consanguineous and non-consanguineous families were not significantly different. In non-consanguineous families, polygamy was more common and the number of half-siblings per family was higher. The extended families were on average 7% larger among non-consanguineous families. In contrast, for the extended families of the participants' grandparents, non-consanguineous families were smaller than their consanguineous counterparts. Participants from consanguineous families indicated that marriage of either a son or daughter was more difficult to arrange than did participants from non-consanguineous families. Though consanguineous parents had their offspring marry consanguineously more often than non-consanguineous parents, the numbers of married offspring in the two groups of families were not different. Consanguineous parents have more difficulty than non-consanguineous parents in finding spouses for themselves and for their offspring, and they arranged kin marriages for their children more often.
http://ift.tt/2shVXRI
The challenge of West Nile virus in Europe: knowledge gaps and research priorities
West Nile virus (WNV) is continuously spreading across Europe, and other continents, i. e. North and South America and many other regions of the world. Despite the overall sporadic nature of outbreaks with cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in Europe, the spillover events have increased and the virus has been introduced into new areas. The high genetic diversity of the virus, with remarkable phenotypic variation, and its endemic circulation in several countries, require an intensification of the integrated and multidisciplinary research efforts built under the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union (FP7). It is important to better clarify several aspects of WNV circulation in Europe, including its ecology, genomic diversity, pathogenicity, transmissibility, diagnosis and control options, under different environmental and socio-economic scenarios. Identifying WNV endemic as well as infection-free areas is becoming a need for the development of human vaccines and therapeutics and the application of blood and organs safety regulations. This review, produced as a joint initiative among European experts and based on analysis of 118 scientific papers published between 2004 and 2014, provides the state of knowledge on WNV and highlights the existing knowledge and research gaps that need to be addressed with high priority in Europe and neighbouring countries.
http://ift.tt/2sMAuEc
Gender ideology, same-sex peer group affiliation and the relationship between testosterone and dominance in adolescent boys and girls
Although the role of testosterone in the aetiology of social dominance is often suggested, surprisingly few studies have addressed the relationship between sex steroid hormones and dominance as a personality trait. In this paper, the relationship between testosterone and dominance is studied in a sample of adolescent boys and girls, taking into account the moderating role of gender ideology and same-sex peer group orientation. A direct association between free testosterone (FT) and dominance was found in girls but not in boys. In boys, masculine ideology moderated the relationship between FT and dominance, while in girls the relationship between FT and dominance was moderated by same-sex peer group affiliation.
http://ift.tt/2sME157
Antibacterial resistance and the success of tailored triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Slovenian children
Abstract
Background
Primary Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection occurs predominantly in childhood. Antimicrobial resistance is the leading cause for H. pylori eradication failure. The aims of this study were (i) to establish for the first time the antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori strains in infected Slovenian children not previously treated for H. pylori infection and (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of tailored triple therapy, assuming that eradication rate with tailored triple therapy will be >90%.
Methods
Data on all treatment-naive children 1-18 years old and treated for H. pylori infection according to susceptibility testing were retrospectively analyzed. All relevant clinical information and demographical information were retrospectively collected from the hospital information systems and/or patients' medical documentation.
Results
The inclusion criteria were met by 107 children (64.5% girls) with a median age of 12.0 years (range 2.0-17.6 years). Primary antimicrobial resistance rates of H. pylori were 1.0% to amoxicillin (AMO), 23.4% to clarithromycin (CLA), 20.2% to metronidazole (MET), 2.8% to levofloxacin (LEV), and 0.0% to tetracycline (TET). Dual resistances were detected to CLA and MET in 11.5% (n=12) of strains, to CLA and LEV in 2.8% (n=3), and to MET and LEV in 2.9% (n=3). Results of treatment success were available for 71 patients (66.2% girls). Eradication of H. pylori was evaluated using the 13C-urea breath test, monoclonal stool antigen test or in some cases with repeated upper GI endoscopy with histology and cultivation/molecular tests. Eradication was achieved in 61 of 71 (85.9%) patients.
Conclusions
The primary resistance rates of H. pylori to CLA and MET in Slovenia are high. Our data strongly support the fact that in countries with high prevalence of resistant H. pylori strains susceptibility testing and tailored therapy is essential.
http://ift.tt/2rXuF3E
Synchronous parotid and nasopharyngeal Warthin's tumor: case report and literature review
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Tom Ben-Dov, Evgeny Edelstein, Ben I. Nageris, Firas Kassem
http://ift.tt/2scxDFS
Short-term evaluation of tegumentary changes of the nose in oral breathers undergoing rapid maxillary expansion
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Fauze Ramez Badreddine, Reginaldo Raimundo Fujita, Mario Cappellette
IntroductionRapid maxillary expansion (RME) is an orthodontic and orthopedic procedure that can change the form and function of the nose. The soft tissue of the nose and its changes can influence the esthetics and the stability of the results obtained by the RME.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the changes in nose dimensions after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in oral breathers with maxillary atresia, using a reliable and reproducible methodology through computed tomography.MethodsA total of 30 mouth-breathing patients with maxillary atresia were analyzed and divided into a Treatment Group (TG) who underwent RME (20 patients, 10 of which were male and 10 female, with a MA of 8.9 years and a SD of 2.16, ranging from 6.5 to 12.5 years) and a Control Group (CG) (10 patients, 5 of which were male and 5 female, with a MA of 9.2 years, SD of 2.17, ranging from 6.11 to 13.7 years). In the TG, multislice computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained at the start of the treatment (T1) and 3 months after expansion (T2). The patients of the CG were submitted to the same exams at the same intervals of time. Four variables related to soft tissue structures of the nose were analyzed (alar base width, alar width, height of soft tissue of the nose and length of soft tissue of the nose), and the outcomes between T1 and T2 were compared using Osirix MD software.ResultsIn the TG, the soft tissues of the nose exhibited significant increases in all variables studied (p<0.05), whereas, changes did not occur in the CG (p>0.05). In the TG, mean alar base width increased by 4.87% (p=0.004), mean alar width increased by 4.04% (p=0.004), mean height of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.84% (p=0.003) and mean length of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.29% (p=0.012).ConclusionIn short-term, RME provided a statistically significant increase in the dimensions of the soft tissues of the nose.
http://ift.tt/2sWlbaw
IRF6 rs2235375 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with non-syndromic cleft palate only but not cleft lip with or without palate in south Indian population
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Venkatesh Babu Gurramkonda, Altaf Hussain Syed, Jyotsna Murthy, Bhaskar V.K.S. Lakkakula
IntroductionTranscription factors are very diverse family of proteins involved in activating or repressing the transcription of a gene at a given time. Several studies using animal models demonstrated the role of transcription factor genes in craniofacial development.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of IRF6 intron-6 polymorphism in the non-syndromic cleft lip with or without Palate (NSCL/P) in a south Indian population.Methods173 unrelated NSCL/P patients and 176 controls without clefts patients were genotyped for IRF6 rs2235375 variant by allele-specific amplification using the KASPar single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping system. The association between interferon regulatory factor-6 (IRF6) intron-6 dbSNP208032210:g.G>C (rs2235375) SNP and NSCL/P risk was investigated by chi-square test.ResultsThere were significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies of rs2235375 SNP between controls and cases with NSCL/P. IRF6 rs2235375 variant was significantly associated with increased risk of NSCL/P in co-dominant, dominant (OR: 1.19; 95% CI 1.03–2.51; p=0.034) and allelic models (OR: 1.40; 95% CI 1.04–1.90; p=0.028). When subset analysis was applied significantly increased risk was observed in cleft palate only (CPO) group (OR dominant: 4.33; 95% CI 1.44–12.97; p=0.005).ConclusionThese results suggest that IRF6 rs2235375 SNP play a major role in the pathogenesis and risk of developing NSCL/P.
http://ift.tt/2scH9sl
First Clinical Consensus and National Recommendations on Tracheostomized Children of the Brazilian Academy of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (ABOPe) and Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP)
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Melissa A.G. Avelino, Rebecca Maunsell, Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera, José Faibes Lubianca Neto, Cláudia Schweiger, Carolina Sponchiado Miura, Vitor Guo Chein, Dayse Manrique, Raquel Oliveira, Fabiano Gavazzoni, Isabela Furtado de Mendonça Picinin, Paulo Bittencourt, Paulo Camargos, Fernanda Peixoto, Marcelo Luiz Brandão, Tania Maria Sih, Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima
IntroductionTracheostomy is a procedure that can be performed in any age group, including children under 1-year of age. Unfortunately, in Brazil huge difficulty exists for health professionals to deal with this condition, as well as lack of care standardization.ObjectiveThis clinical consensus carried out by ABOPe and SBP aims to generate national recommendations on the care and conducts concerning tracheostomized children.MethodsA group of experts experienced in childhood tracheostomy (otorhinolaryngologists, intensive care pediatricians, endoscopists, and pneumopediatricians) and proven practical practice in the subject were selected, also considering the different regions of Brazil, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsThe results generated from this document were based on the agreement of most participants regarding the indications, type of cannula, surgical techniques, care, and general guidelines and decannulation.ConclusionThese guidelines can be used as directives for a wide range of health professionals across the country who deal with the difficulties of tracheostomized children.
http://ift.tt/2sWmXs1
Examining the importance of laboratory and diagnostic testing when treating and diagnosing onychomycosis
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection caused primarily by dermatophytes. Several other nail disorders, including psoriasis, can simulate onychomycosis. Accurate diagnosis is therefore vital for the ongoing treatment and management of onychomycosis and to avoid misdiagnosis and treatment delay, which can be both lengthy and costly. Often, a combination of histologic and laboratory techniques is used to obtain an accurate diagnosis. The potential diagnostic challenges associated with the differential diagnosis of onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes and the most common techniques used to confirm the diagnosis are discussed.
http://ift.tt/2sWrNp0
Proteases, actinidin, papain and trypsin reduce oral biofilm on the tongue in elderly subjects and in vitro
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 82
Author(s): Naho Mugita, Takayuki Nambu, Kazuya Takahashi, Pao-Li Wang, Yutaka Komasa
ObjectiveDental plaque is a causative factor for oral disease and a potential reservoir for respiratory infection in the elderly. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of effective methods to remove oral biofilm. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of proteases on oral biofilm formation andremoval.DesignThe in vivo effect of actinidin, a cysteine protease, on the removal of tongue coating was assessed after orally taking a protease tablet. Effects of the proteases trypsin, papain and actinidin on Actinomyces monospecies biofilm and multispecies biofilm that was reconstructed using a plaque sample from the tongue coating were investigated using the microtiter plate method. Antimicrobial tests and limited proteolysis of fimbrial shaft proteins were also performed to clarify underlying mechanisms of oral biofilm removal.ResultsTablets containing actinidin removed tongue coating in elderly subjects. Oral Actinomyces biofilm was significantly reduced by the proteases papain, actinidin and trypsin. Papain and trypsin effectively digested the major fimbrial proteins, FimP and FimA, from Actinomyces. Actinidin, papain and trypsin reduced multispecies biofilm that was reconstructed in vitro. Papain and trypsin inhibited formation of multispecies biofilm in vitro.ConclusionsThis study shows that proteases reduced oral biofilm in vivo in elderly subjects and in vitro, and suggests that protease digests fimbriae and inhibits biofilm formation.
http://ift.tt/2sMnm1D
Solomon Schechter and medieval European rabbinic literature
Kanarfogel, Ephraim; Solomon Schechter and medieval European rabbinic literature. Jewish Historical Studies , 48 pp. 17-34. 10.14324/111.444.jhs.2016v48.023 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2ucu9iX
Forgotten terrain: Wilkie Collins’s Jewish explorations
Gasson, Andrew; Baker, William; (2016) Forgotten terrain: Wilkie Collins's Jewish explorations. Jewish Historical Studies , 48 pp. 177-199. 10.14324/111.444.jhs.2016v48.031 . Gold open access
http://ift.tt/2tfev9F
The SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factor can protect against oxidative stress and increase lifespan in C. elegans by distinct mechanisms
Tullet, JMA; Green, JW; Au, C; Benedetto, A; Thompson, MA; Clark, E; Gilliat, AF; Tullet, JMA; Green, JW; Au, C; Benedetto, A; Thompson, MA; Clark, E; Gilliat, AF; Young, A; Schmeisser, K; Gems, D; - view fewer (2017) The SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factor can protect against oxidative stress and increase lifespan in C. elegans by distinct mechanisms. Aging Cell 10.1111/acel.12627 . (In press). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2ucu3YD
Armis et litteris: The military equipment of early Roman Palestine, in light of the archaeological and historical sources
Stiebel, GD; (2007) Armis et litteris: The military equipment of early Roman Palestine, in light of the archaeological and historical sources. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2teZZyx
3D printed tablets loaded with polymeric nanocapsules: An innovative approach to produce customized drug delivery systems
Beck, RCR; Chaves, PS; Goyanes, A; Vukosavljevic, B; Buanz, A; Windbergs, M; Basit, AW; Beck, RCR; Chaves, PS; Goyanes, A; Vukosavljevic, B; Buanz, A; Windbergs, M; Basit, AW; Gaisford, S; - view fewer (2017) 3D printed tablets loaded with polymeric nanocapsules: An innovative approach to produce customized drug delivery systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 528 (1-2) pp. 268-279. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.074 .
http://ift.tt/2ucR0ep
From juvenile criminal to Jewish scholar: the nineteenth-century Protestant mission among Amsterdam Jews which culminated in a murder attempt on a clergyman
Colthof, Jaap; (2016) From juvenile criminal to Jewish scholar: the nineteenth-century Protestant mission among Amsterdam Jews which culminated in a murder attempt on a clergyman. Jewish Historical Studies , 48 pp. 138-157. 10.14324/111.444.jhs.2016v48.029 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tfl104
Longitudinal study of the influence of lung function on vascular health from adolescence to early adulthood in a British multi-ethnic cohort
Lu, Y; Lum, S; Silva, MJ; Molaodi, OR; Karamanos, A; Cruickshank, JK; Harding, S; (2017) Longitudinal study of the influence of lung function on vascular health from adolescence to early adulthood in a British multi-ethnic cohort. Journal of Hypertension (In press).
http://ift.tt/2ucx4II
Structure of the WipA protein reveals a novel tyrosine protein phosphatase effector from Legionella pneumophila
Pinotsis, N; Waksman, G; (2017) Structure of the WipA protein reveals a novel tyrosine protein phosphatase effector from Legionella pneumophila. Journal of Biological Chemistry , 292 (22) pp. 9240-9251. 10.1074/jbc.M117.781948 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2tfd4HZ
Improved limits on dark matter annihilation in the Sun with the 79-string IceCube detector and implications for supersymmetry
We present an improved event-level likelihood formalism for including neutrino telescope data in global fits to new physics. We derive limits on spin-dependent dark matter-proton scattering by employing the new formalism in a re-analysis of data from the 79-string IceCube search for dark matter annihilation in the Sun, including explicit energy information for each event. The new analysis excludes a number of models in the weak-scale minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) for the first time. This work is accompanied by the public release of the 79-string IceCube data, as well as an associated computer code for applying the new likelihood to arbitrary dark matter models.
http://ift.tt/2tfwkWm
Names and phenotypes of CD163 positive macrophages in oral precancerous lesions
Source:Oral Oncology
Author(s): Xianghe Qiao, Longjiang Li, Chunjie Li
http://ift.tt/2sh78KC
Neighborhood deprivation and risk of head and neck cancer: A multilevel analysis from France
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 71
Author(s): Joséphine Bryere, Gwenn Menvielle, Olivier Dejardin, Ludivine Launay, Florence Molinie, Isabelle Stucker, Daniele Luce, Guy Launoy
BackgroundWhile it is known that cancer risk is related to area-level socioeconomic status, the extent to which these inequalities are explained by contextual effects is poorly documented especially for head and neck cancer.MethodsA case-control study, ICARE, included 2415 head and neck cancer cases and 3555 controls recruited between 2001 and 2007 from 10 French regions retrieved from a general cancer registry. Individual socioeconomic status was assessed using marital status, highest educational level and occupational social class. Area-level socioeconomic status was assessed using the French version of the European Deprivation Index (EDI). The relationship between both individual and area-based socioeconomic level and the risk of head and neck cancer was assessed by multilevel analyses.ResultsA higher risk for head and neck cancer was found in divorced compared with married individuals (OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.78–2.57), for individuals with a basic school-leaving qualification compared with those with higher education (OR=4.55 95% CI=3.72–5.57), for manual workers compared with managers (OR=4.91, 95% CI=3.92–6.15) and for individuals living in the most deprived areas compared with those living in the most affluent ones (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.64–2.41). The influence of area-level socioeconomic status measured by EDI remained after controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics (OR=1.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–1.85, p-value=0.0003).ConclusionsThe role of individual socioeconomic status in the risk of head and neck cancer is undeniable, although contextual effects of deprived areas also increase the susceptibility of individuals developing the disease.
http://ift.tt/2sMpl6b
Predictive and prognostic value of CT based radiomics signature in locally advanced head and neck cancers patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy or bioradiotherapy and its added value to Human Papillomavirus status
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 71
Author(s): Dan Ou, Pierre Blanchard, Silvia Rosellini, Antonin Levy, France Nguyen, Ralph T.H. Leijenaar, Ingrid Garberis, Philippe Gorphe, François Bidault, Charles Ferté, Charlotte Robert, Odile Casiraghi, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Philippe Lambin, Stephane Temam, Eric Deutsch, Yungan Tao
ObjectivesTo explore prognostic and predictive value of radiomics in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (LAHNSCC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or bioradiotherapy (BRT).Materials and MethodsData of 120 patients (CRT vs. BRT matched 2:1) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 544 radiomics features of the primary tumor were extracted from radiotherapy planning computed tomography scans. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between survival and radiomics features with false discovery rate correction. The discriminatory performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed a 24-feature based signature significantly predicted for OS (HR=0.3, P=0.02) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR=0.3, P=0.01). Combining the radiomics signature with p16 status showed a significant improvement of prognostic performance compared with p16 (AUC=0.78vs. AUC=0.64 at 5years, P=0.01) or radiomics signature (AUC=0.78vs. AUC=0.67, P=0.01) alone. When patients were stratified according to this combination, OS and PFS were significantly different according to the 4 sub-types (p16+ with low/high signature score; p16− with low/high signature score) (P<0.001). Patients with high signature score significantly benefited from CRT (vs. BRT) in terms of OS (P=0.004), while no benefit from CRT in patients with low signature score.ConclusionOur analysis suggests an added value of radiomics features as prognostic and predictive biomarker in HNSCC treated with CRT/BRT. Moreover, the radiomics signature provided additional information to HPV/p16 status to further stratify patients. External validation of such findings is mandatory given the risk of overfitting.
http://ift.tt/2sh6ay0
The Formative Cultural, Economic and Social Meanings in the Construction of Social Identity by Ageing Sexual Minorities
As societies are now becoming more tolerant to sexual minorities, the pushing need is to understand and pave the way for the younger generation of LGB to know the ageing processes of sexual minorities within a homo-friendly and heteronormative conjuncture. As an open view of the younger LGB, their 21st-century perceptions of being gay/lesbian or bisexual are quite different from the older LGB groups who had to deal with various homophobic state policies. Social identity brings public issues and troubles into the personal frame, as a result, individuals consciously and unconsciously find themselves renegotiating various institutional and structural orders. Therefore, it is impossible to try to do a research study on ageing sexual minorities without looking at the intersectionality of history, ageing and sexuality that shape their social identity. This paper uses Bourdieu`s work as a theoretical foundation to investigate the point of intersectionality on the cultural, economic and social meanings that are mostly formative (having profound influence) in the construction of social identity by ageing sexual minorities. The main goal of this paper is to broaden the theoretical research focus on sociological gerontology by using Bourdieu's thinking and pinpointing the occurrence of intersectionality in the construction of social identity. The aim that is pushed in this paper by juxtaposing Bourdieu`s work on the forms of capital with other theoretical frameworks on ageing sexual minorities, is to establish at what point social, economic and cultural capital do intersect to create the multiple social identities of the ageing LGB.
http://ift.tt/2tetujY
BRDF and its Impact on Aerial Archaeological Photography
Despite the arguments in favour of oblique photographs acquired during observer-directed reconnaissance sorties, many aerial archaeologists have extracted much valuable information from verticals generated during total coverage mapping surveys. This paper looks at one of these arguments: the issue of anisotropic surface reflectance, which is responsible for the allegedly superior rendering of (mainly) vegetation and shadow marks when observed from certain oblique viewpoints. However, after a theoretical and practical assessment of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of vegetation, it becomes clear that nadir views provide a more than satisfying alternative to the extremes of an oblique approach.
http://ift.tt/2uc9FqN
Present and future probabilistic challenges for maintenance of reinforced concrete structures
In the coming decades the most developed countries face the task of maintaining their infrastructure. Probabilistic decision-making tools can support this challenge under the conditions of cost-effectiveness and safety requirements. Even though the fib MC2010 (2010) for concrete structures provides a basis for decision making, a probabilistic overall concept for dealing with existing structures is missing. In the framework of the development of fib MC2010 (2010), more emphasis is put on the assessment of existing structures and hence this paper idientifies challenges with respect to a probabilistic maintenance concept for existing concrete structures.
http://ift.tt/2ucoslr
Lower insulin sensitivity is related to lower relative muscle cross-sectional area, lower muscle density and lower handgrip force in young and middle aged non-diabetic men
Objectives: This study investigated whether an association between insulin resistance (IR) and muscle parameters is appreciable in young healthy men, independent of obesity. Furthermore, markers of muscle metabolism and hormones/possible determinants, were explored. Methods: 358 healthy young men were divided into a less and more insulin sensitive (LIS [age=33.2 +/- 5.4, BMI=23.4 +/- 2.3] and MIS [age=35.5 +/- 5.3, BMI=28.1 +/- 3.7]) group based on upper and lower quartile of HOMA-IR. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), -density, handgrip force, serum testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, Vitamin 25(OH)D, creatinine, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels were compared between these groups, correcting for differences in age, physical activity and fat mass. Correlations between HOMA-IR and these parameters, and between muscle measures and biochemical parameters, were calculated. Results: LIS is related to lower relative muscle CSA, muscle density, muscle/fat CSA ratio, relative handgrip force and level of physical activity. Furthermore, lower levels in SHBG, testosterone, Vitamin 25(OH) D and higher leptin, IGF-1 & IGFBP-3 levels were observed in LIS. Bio available T,FT,TE2,FE2, bioavailable E2, serum and urinary creatinine levels did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Differences in muscle performance are already present in healthy men with lower insulin sensitivity and could be possibly modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
http://ift.tt/2teD7zj
Single Triangular Suture: A Modified Technique for Hyoid Suspension as a Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: our experience with twenty four patients
Abstract
1 Hyoid suspension is a part of a multilevel surgery concept that is often combined with other procedures as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty to treat obstructive sleep apnea.
2 Between February 2012 and November 2016, twenty- four patients underwent the single triangular suture technique for hyoid suspension as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.
3.Successful outcome was reported in 12 patients, while 9 patients were responders (reduced cardiovascular risk).
4.Postoperatively, the mean AHI dropped significantly and the mean lowest oxygen saturation level increased significantly.
5.The procedure is safe, well-tolerated by patients and has a readily progressive learning curve. It is an economic and less traumatic maneuver.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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H2S Loss through Nalophan™ Bags: Contributions of Adsorption and Diffusion
Hydrogen-sulfide (H2S) is a molecule of small dimensions typically present in the odor emissions from different plants. The European Standard EN 13725:2003 set a maximum storage time allowed of 30 hours, during which the sampling bag has to maintain the mixture of odorants with minimal changes. This study investigates the H2S losses through Nalophan bags and it shows that nonnegligible losses of H2S can be observed. The percent H2S loss after 30 hrs with respect to the initial concentration is equal to 33% ± 3% at a relative humidity of 20% and equal to 22% ± 1% at a relative humidity of 60%. The average quantity of adsorbed H2S at 30 h is equal to 2.17 105 at a storage humidity of 20% and equal to 1.79 105 at a storage humidity of 60%. The diffusion coefficients of H2S through Nalophan, for these two humidity conditions tested, are comparable (i.e., 7.5 10−12 m2/sec at 20% humidity and 6.6 10−12 m2/sec at 60% humidity).
http://ift.tt/2sLZ8EW
Paths to collapse for isolated skyrmions in few-monolayer ferromagnetic films
Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin configurations in materials with chiral Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), that are potentially useful for storing or processing information. To date, DMI has been found in few bulk materials, but can also be induced in atomically thin magnetic films in contact with surfaces with large spin-orbit interactions. Recent experiments have reported that isolated magnetic skyrmions can be stabilized even near room temperature in few-atom-thick magnetic layers sandwiched between materials that provide asymmetric spin-orbit coupling. Here we present the minimum-energy path analysis of three distinct mechanisms for the skyrmion collapse, based on ab initio input and the performed atomic-spin simulations. We focus on the stability of a skyrmion in three atomic layers of Co, either epitaxial on the Pt(111) surface or within a hybrid multilayer where DMI nontrivially varies per monolayer due to competition between different symmetry breaking from two sides of the Co film. In laterally finite systems, their constrained geometry causes poor thermal stability of the skyrmion toward collapse at the boundary, which we show to be resolved by designing the high-DMI structure within an extended film with lower or no DMI.
http://ift.tt/2tfnOqs
Membrane behavior in RC slabs subjected to simulated reinforcement corrosion
Deterioration due to corrosion has been a growing concern in the last decades since it compromises the serviceability of structures and results in a decrease of the structural safety. Apart from deterioration, also the awareness of the importance of structural robustness has increased due to several failures with progressive collapse. The activation of membrane action in reinforced concrete slabs can significantly increase the structural robustness by providing an alternate load path. A validated numerical model for the tensile membrane behavior of reinforced concrete slabs is used to investigate the influence of (simulated) corrosion effects on this membrane behavior. A two-step analysis is adopted: first a cross-section analysis is performed, followed by an analysis of the structural member. It was observed that even for small corrosion levels, there was a significant influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of the slab. Finally, also the influence of different corrosion locations was investigated.
http://ift.tt/2rWLhZp
Post-cooling stress-strain model of traditional and high-strength concrete
As concrete structures suffer from severe fire damage, but may retain a certain remaining loadbearing capacity, it is important to have material properties for assessment by calculation after fire. This paper proposes a full stress-strain model for post-cooling conditions of a traditional calcareous concrete (TCC) and a high strength siliceous concrete (HSSC).
http://ift.tt/2rWTRqZ
Cutaneous implantation of papillary thyroid carcinoma secondary to percutaneous ethanol injection into nodal metastasis
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland, accounting for 50-89% of the cases. It usually presents as a well-differentiated, slow-growing, malignant disease with common spread to locoregional lymph nodes and high recurrence rates. In patients with limited cervical lymph node metastases who are not candidates for surgery or radioiodine therapy, percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) guided by ultrasonography has proven to be a valuable treatment alternative.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2sW1wYf
Hailey-Hailey disease due to ATP2C1 splice-site mutation, successfully treated with minocycline hydrochloride
Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by acantholysis and caused by ATP2C1.1 Here, we report the first case of HHD successfully treated with minocycline alone in which the diagnosis was confirmed by gene analysis.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Dual anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic action of topical ivermectin 1% in papulopustular rosacea
Abstract
Background
Recently, therapy of rosacea with inflammatory lesions (papulopustular) has improved substantially with the approval of topical ivermectin 1% cream. It is assumed to have a dual mode of action with anti-inflammatory capacities and anti-parasitic effect against Demodex, which however has not yet been demonstrated in vivo.
Aim
To find scientific rationale for the dual anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic mode of action of topical ivermectin 1% cream in patients with rosacea.
Methods
A monocentric pilot study was performed including 20 Caucasian patients with moderate to severe rosacea, as assessed by investigator global assessment (IGA score ≥ 3) and a demodex density ≥ 15/cm2. Patients were treated with topical ivermectin 1% cream once daily (Soolantra®) for ≥12 weeks. The density of Demodex mites was assessed with skin surface biopsies. Expression of inflammatory and immune markers were evaluated with RT-PCR and by immunofluorescence staining.
Results
The mean density of mites was significantly decreased at week 6 and week 12 (p<0.001). The gene expression levels of IL-8, LL-37, HBD3, TLR4 and TNF-α were downregulated at both time points. Reductions in gene expression were significant for LL-37, HBD3 and TNF-α at both follow up time points and at week 12 for TLR4 (all p<0.05). Reduced LL-37 (p<0.05) and IL-8 expression was confirmed on the protein level by immunofluorescence staining. All patients improved clinically and 16 out of 20 patients reached therapeutic success defined as IGA score ≤ 1.
Conclusion
Topical ivermectin 1% cream acts by a dual, anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic mode of action against rosacea by killing Demodex spp. in vivo, in addition to significantly improving clinical signs and symptoms in the skin.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2thsyfD
Dermatitis caused by arthropods in domestic environment: an Italian multicentre study
Abstract
Background
Skin diseases caused by mites and insects living in domestic environments have been rarely systematically studied.
Objectives
To study patients with dermatitis induced by arthropods in domestic environment describing their clinical features, isolating culprit arthropods and relating the clinical features to the parasitological data.
Methods
The study was performed in 105 subjects with clinical and anamnestic data compatible with the differential diagnosis of ectoparasitoses in domestic environments. Clinical data and arthropods findings obtained by indoor dust direct examination were studied.
Results
Indoor dust direct examination demonstrated possible arthropods infestation in 98 subjects (93.3%), more frequently mites (56.1%) (mainly Pyemotes ventricosus and Glycyphagus domesticus) than insects (43.9%) (mainly Formicidae and Bethylidae). Strophulus (46.9%) and urticaria-like eruption (36.7%) in upper limbs and trunk with severe extent were prevalent. Itch was mostly severe (66.3%) and continuous (55.1%). Ectoparasitoses occurred frequently with acute course in summer (44.9%) and spring (30.6%).
Conclusions
Possible correlation between clinical and aetiological diagnosis of arthropods ectoparasitoses in domestic environments needs the close cooperation between dermatologist and parasitologist. This is crucial to successfully and definitely resolve skin lesions by eradicating the factors favouring infestation.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tQW2xY
Paederus dermatitis outbreak in Luanda City, Angola
Paederus dermatitis (PD), dermatitis linearis or "ferro em brasa" is an inflammatory skin reaction against pederin, a vesicant non-proteinaceous toxin present in the hemolymph of Paederus spp. The beetle distributes along tropical and subtropical climates; it inhabits crop fields (rice), marshes and riverbanks to avoid desiccation. Paederus is more active during the earliest hours after sunset and it is attracted by artificial lights, so humans are usually exposed at night in urban and suburban areas.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2th5ptA
Intraepidermal neutrophilic dermatosis type of IgA pemphigus with circulating linear IgA disease antibodies associated with ulcerative colitis
A 42-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis previously well controlled on mesalazine presented with blistering, crusts and severe itching on her upper body and legs together with painful erosions on her conjunctivae and oral mucous membranes in addition to active bowel symptoms for two weeks. Clinical examination revealed multiple lesions consisting of vesiculopustules with circinate distribution and central crusts in sunflower-like configuration on her flanks and legs, a typical characteristic of intraepidermal neutrophilic dermatosis (IEN)-type of IgA pemphigus (Figure 1A and 1C) [1]. Lips, nasolabial folds and eyelids were affected by yellow crusts and erosions on erythematous base (Figure 1B).
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A Familial Mediterranean Fever flare induced by a Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive inherited auto-inflammatory disease revealed by flare episodes characterized by systemic symptoms (pleural, joint serositis, abdominal pain…) that are triggered by infections, cold or menstruations. Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction characterized by visceral involvement and viral reactivation including HHV6, HHV7, EBV, CMV… and may be associated with certain HLA alleles.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2sWczQY
The Role of IL-23 and the IL-23/TH17 Immune Axis in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Psoriasis
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease affecting more than 100 million people worldwide and up to 2.2% of the UK population. The etiology of psoriasis is thought to originate from an interplay of genetic, environmental, infectious, and lifestyle factors. The manner in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to the molecular disease mechanisms has remained elusive. However, the interleukin 23 (IL-23)/T-helper 17 (TH17) immune axis has been identified as a major immune pathway in psoriasis disease pathogenesis. Central to this pathway is the cytokine IL-23, a heterodimer composed of a p40 subunit also found in IL-12 and a p19 subunit exclusive to IL-23. IL-23 is important for maintaining TH17 responses, and levels of IL-23 are elevated in psoriatic skin compared with non-lesional skin. A number of agents that specifically inhibit IL-23p19 are currently in development for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, with recent clinical trials demonstrating efficacy with a good safety and tolerability profile. These data support the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. A better understanding of the IL-23/TH17 immune axis is vital and will promote the development of additional targets for psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases that share similar genetic etiology and pathogenetic pathways.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2scjrMX
Cutaneous Leishmania tropica in children: report of three imported cases successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis, being endemic in more than 90 countries around the world. The increasing number of international travelers to endemic areas has favored the expanding number of imported cases, making CL a mayor health issue.1,2 Herein, we report three immunocompetent children with multifocal CL caused by Leishmania tropica who received systemic therapy with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB).
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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The EVerT2 (Effective Verruca Treatments) Trial: a randomised controlled trial of needling versus nonsurgical debridement for the treatment of plantar verrucae
Abstract
Background
Verrucae are a common foot skin pathology which can in some cases persist for many years. Plantar verrucae can be unsightly and painful. There are a range of treatment options including needling.
Objectives
The EVerT2 trial aimed to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of the needling procedure for the treatment of plantar verrucae, relative to callus debridement.
Methods
This single centre randomised controlled trial recruited 60 participants (aged 18 years and over with a plantar verruca). Participants were randomised 1:1 to the intervention group (needling) or the control group (debridement of the overlying callus). The primary outcome was clearance of the index verruca at 12 weeks after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include recurrence of the verruca; clearance of all verrucae; number of verrucae; size of the index verruca; pain; and participant satisfaction at 12 and 24 weeks. A cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out from the NHS perspective over 12 weeks.
Results
Sixty eligible patients were randomised (needling group n=29, 48.3%; debridement group n=31, 51.7%) and 53 were included in the primary analysis (needling n=28, 96.6%; debridement n=25, 80.7%). Clearance of the index verruca occurred in 8 (15.1%) participants (needling n=4, 14.3%; debridement n=4, 16.0%, p=0.86). The needling intervention costs were on average £14.33 (95% CI 5.32 to 23.35) more per patient than debridement.
Conclusions
There is no evidence that the needling technique is more clinically or cost effective than callus debridement. The results show a significant improvement in pain outcomes after needling compared to the debridement treatment alone.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2thlgIE
Complexity and Classroom Learning
Hardman, MA; (2016) Complexity and Classroom Learning. Doctoral thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University. Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sLPsud
Conscious coupling: The challenges and opportunities of cascading enzymatic microreactors
Gruber, P; Marques, MPC; O'Sullivan, B; Baganz, F; Wohlgemuth, R; Szita, N; (2017) Conscious coupling: The challenges and opportunities of cascading enzymatic microreactors. Biotechnology Journal 10.1002/biot.201700030 . Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sgQZVe
The international phase 4 validation study of the EORTC QLQ-SWB32: a stand-alone measure of spiritual wellbeing (SWB) for people receiving palliative care for cancer
Vivat, B; Young, T; Winstanley, J; Arraras, J; Black, K; Boyle, F; Brédart, A; Vivat, B; Young, T; Winstanley, J; Arraras, J; Black, K; Boyle, F; Brédart, A; Costantini, A; Guo, J; Irarrazaval, ME; Kobayashi, K; Kruizinga, R; Navarro, M; Omidvari, S; Rohde, GE; Serpentini, S; Spry, N; van Laarhoven,, H; Yang, G; EORTC Quality of Life Group., ; - view fewer (2017) The international phase 4 validation study of the EORTC QLQ-SWB32: a stand-alone measure of spiritual wellbeing (SWB) for people receiving palliative care for cancer. (European Journal of Cancer Care ). Wiley Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sLwaVu
Study of phase coexistence in YVO3 and LaVO3
Roberge, B; Le, TD; Jandl, S; Nugroho, A; Palstra, TTM; Balakrishnan, G; (2015) Study of phase coexistence in YVO3 and LaVO3. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy , 46 (11) pp. 1157-1160. 10.1002/jrs.4735 .
http://ift.tt/2sgPwP3
An engineering study of key interactions within the process for antibody fragment production
Tustian, AD; (2008) An engineering study of key interactions within the process for antibody fragment production. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). Green open access
http://ift.tt/2sLMea1
AHNS Series – Do you know your guidelines? Principles of treatment for glottic cancer: A review of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines
Abstract
This article is a continuation of the "Do You Know Your Guidelines" series, an initiative of the American Head and Neck Society's Education Committee to increase awareness of current best practices pertaining to head and neck cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for primary and adjuvant treatment of cancer of the glottic larynx are reviewed here in a systematic fashion according to stage.
http://ift.tt/2rWAjTH
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